2017年上海市崇明县高三英语一模

合集下载

2017年上海市崇明县高三英语一模[精品文档]

上海市各区2017届高三英语一模汇编：阅读理解A篇(带答案精准校对)

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)You are checking your emails when you start daydreaming about where to go on your summer holiday. This reminds you to compare the cost of local gyms. Then you suddenly decide to look up some place for your birthday party.You may think you are browsing the Internet in a slightly absent-minded manner. You are, in fact, “wilfing”. According to a survey for a financial website, almost seven in ten Internet users admit to the newly named habit. The study of 2400 people carried out by YouGov found that more than a quarter of Internet users wilf ---- a rough acronym of What Was I Looking For? ---- for two days every month.Pete Cohen, GMTV‟s resident life coach and motivator, said, “Stopping yourself wilfing takes a mixture of planning and willpower. These days there are all manners of website attracting our attention. Internet users need to set themselves a specific surfing goal and a time limit to keep on track.”Shopping in the online activity is most likely to make users wilf. Men are more likely to admit to being wilfers than women. A third of the men questioned said the habit had damaged their relationship with a partner. The good news is that wilfing is a habit people tend to grow out of. Internet users aged 55 or over were three times less likely to wilf than those aged under 25.Jason LIoyed, from ,said, “The Internet was designed to make it easier for people to access the information they need quickly and conveniently. Although people log on with a purpose, they are now being offered so much choice and online distractions that many forget what they are there for, and spend hours aimlessly wilfing instead. It‟s important that people do not allow unnecessary online distractions to get in the way when surfing in the Internet, as it can affect produ ctivity in the workplace and relationship at home.”Are you a wilfer, lost in the Internet?56. The underlined word “acronym” in Para. 2 most probably means ______.A. a phenomenon that makes people daydreamB. a summary of the book “What Was I Looking For?”C. an expression meaning taking people‟s attention awayD. a word composed of the first letters of the words in a phrase57. What is an efficient way to stop wilfing according to the passage?A. Stopping taking a mixture of planning and willpower to keep on track.B. Trying to focus on different subjects at the same time.C. Trying to set a surfing goal and a time limit.D. Logging on the Internet all the time.58. It can be concluded from paragraph 4 that ______.A. men are less likely to be wilfing than womenB. wilfing damages the relationship between partnersC. as you grow older, you‟ll become more and more wilfingD. one third of Internet users will be wilfers lost on the Internet59. What can be called “wilfing” according to the passage?A. You spend hours aimlessly surfing the Internet every day.B. You suddenly decide to look up some information about clothes.C. You are accessing the information you need quickly and conveniently.D. You are browsing some of your emails which haven‟t been checked for months.Keys:56-59: DCBASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)①Did English football finally find a new star? At the age of 19, Theo Walcott came onto the scene by scoring a hat-trick for England in a 4-1 victory over Croatia in 2010 World Cup.②Walcott‟s lightning speed and accurate shooting turned the teenager into an overnight star. Many thought he was a new dawn for the England team. He was building his fame for his fast pace, with former Barcelona manager Pep declaring that “you would need a gun to stop him.” FIFA World Player of the Year winner Lionel Messi once also described Walcott as “one of the most dangerous players I have ever played against.” In addition to his speed, Walcott also possessed good balance, movement and technique.③It was symbolic that Walcott‟s goals came from the right-wing. The position had been played by “golden boy” David Beckham for more than 10 years. No longer were the cheers for Beckham. The fans‟ hopes now rested on the shoulders of Walcott.④Walcott was born in London to a black British Jamaican father and a white English mother. He grew up as a Liverpool fan due to his father‟s support of Liverpool. When Chelsea asked him to be a ball boy, he used the opportunity to meet his Liverpool idols.⑤The teenager‟s rise to fame was not completely out of blue. He was part of England‟s World Cup team in 2006, but he did not get to play a match. He also spent over two years at Arsenal, where he was fast becoming a key player.⑥But that year, few were expecting the wonderful performance between England and Croatia. The teenager was the first England player to score three goals in a game since Michael Owen did so seven years before.⑦Although England was full of superstars, they had a poor record in major tournaments. But things were beginning to change. The win against Croatia was sweet revenge. Croatia was the team which knocked England out of Euro 2008.⑧Walco tt‟s wonderful performance lighted England fans‟ hope for World Cup victory in South Africa in 2010, since England had not lifted the cup since 1966.⑨But before England fans got too carried away, our reflection on the past history told us that placing a c ountry‟s hopes on one teenager was dangerous.56. Which of the following CANNOT account for Walcott‟s increasing fame?A. Fast speed.B. Masterly skills.C. Positional sense.D. Unusual family.57. Why did the author mention David Beckham in the 3rd paragraph?A. To show that England football once had a glorious history.B. To illustrate that Walcott could be entitled “golden boy”.C. To indicate that England fans were difficult to please.D. To imply that people had high expectation on Walcott.58. In the 5th paragraph, the underlined phrase “out of blue” most probably means “________”.A. impoliteB. unexpectedC. impossibleD. unintentional59. What is the author most likely to agree with?A. Walcott might not live up to fa ns‟ expectation.B. Walcott might transfer from Arsenal to Liverpool.C. Croatia might change the history of the World Cup.D. England might be defeated by the opponent in the next round.Keys:56-59 DDBASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Jeremy Baras remembers the first time heever saw a pop-up a restaurant. The 26-year-oldentrepreneur（企业家）was on vacation inEngland four years ago and had to look up at theLondon Eye Ferries wheel to see it. Hanging abovehim was a capsule full of diners who were served anew course each time a revolution was made.“I thought that was the coolest thing ever”, he says. Baras, who founded in 2012 to promote the idea of pop-up restaurants in USA, has been studying them ever since.Pop-ups, which have been around since at least the early 2000s, are open anywhere from a few hours to several months, but their defining feature is that they are temporary. They may beonly a tiny part of the $709 billion U.S. restaurant industry, but popups have gotten a boost in recent years as a lower-cost, lower- risk way for entrepreneurs to test the waters. Some restaurant owners see them as a way to renew interest in existing locations. And some struggling cities, like Oakland, Calif., have turned to them to help revitalize local economies impacted by the recession （衰退）.The concept has been especially popular with up-and-coming chefs who want to test-drive as a menu concept without investing a fortune in a permanent space. “Your cooks and chefs are really talented, but they‟re stuck in the back of somebody else‟s kitchen cooking somebody else‟s menu,” says Zach Kupperman, chief businessman officer and co-founder of Dinner Lab.Chefs in Dinner Lab cook in the middle of space, give a brief introduction about the menu and themselves — and then bravely listen to diner feedback afterward. Pop-ups‟ temporary nature also allows restaurateurs to charge a deposit to make sure the diners will show up.Of course, trends in the food industry come and go quickly, and there is no guarantee that diners won‟t tire of the concept. Some en trepreneurs have resorted to even a weirder locations —in a former limestone mine, say, or at the top of a crane — to keep customers interested. Says Baras, “It's not quite part of the mainstream economy yet.”56. What does the underlined part “a revolution wasmade” in Paragraph One possibly mean?A. Chefs designed creative dishes.B. Diners tasted food in an innovative way.C. The capsule containing diners made a circle.D. Great changes were made in the food industry.57. Which of the following might NOT be the reasons for pop-up restaurants‟ fast development?A. Being temporary features pop-up restaurants.B. Pop-up restaurant can restore local economy to prosperity.C. Business owners venture into the business with fewer risks and investments.D. Restaurant owners can make diners interested in the original restaurants again.58. Perspective chefs are drawn to pop-ups due to the fact that__________________.A. pop-ups are becoming increasingly popular with diners worldwideB. they have the desire to explore a safer way to make a livingC. their investment in pop-ups will bring them a fortune on a permanent basisD. pop-ups provide a flexible test field for talented chefs‟ originality59. The writer‟s propose of writing the passenger is to___________________.A. appeal to people to dine out in pop-up restaurantsB. give a brief introduction of pop-up restaurantsC. warn business owners of the appearance of pop-up restaurantsD. foresee the future of pop-up restaurants‟ developmentKeys:56—59 CADBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)In Michael Morpurgo‟s novel War Horse, the horse is not only the principal character,he is the teller of his own story.Set in England and France 100 years ago War Horse tells the story of Joey, a handsome young horse who strikes up a close relationship with Albert, the teenage son of Joey‟s owner.But war breaks out and they are separated and plunged into the horrors of the war in France.Both survive and are finally reunited after a remarkable series of events seen through the eyes of the splendid war horse, Joey.The following cutting comes from near the beginning of the book after Albert, much to his56. What amazed Albert‟s father was that Joey could_______.A. help turn the soilB. survive the horrible warC. tell his own storiesD. make friends with people57. As for the coming war,Mother said that________.A. their village would get involved very soon.B. both Albert and Joey could be tough fightersC. the old duke‟s death maybe meant nothing to themD. Albert was not grown up enough to join the army58. Which of the following best describes Albert according to Joey‟s account in war horse?A. Imaginative but timidB. Innocent but braveC. Quiet but thoughtfulD. Ambitious but coldKeys: 56-58 ADBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.ALate one autumn day at the aquatic center(水上运动中心）in Ancenis, France, something wentquietly, horribly wrong. An 18-year-old named Jean-Francois LeRoy was a regular, coming often in the early evenings to swim in the 25-meter pool. Drownings are often difficult to spot. Most are near-silent incidents where the victim quickly sinks out of view. On this particular day maybe the lifeguards weren't paying as close attention as they should have been. Certainly they believed the tall athletic LeRoy was not a high-risk swimmer.But on this evening LeRoy was practicing apnea(屏气）swimming—testing how far he could swim underwater on one breath—and at some point, without making any visible or audible disturbance on the water's surface, he lost consciousness. The guards failed to notice as he stopped swimming and sank to the bottom of the deep end of the pool. With his arms crossed over his head and his feet twitching (抽搐),he was unconscious and drowning. It would lake him as little as four minutes to die.Although the human lifeguards watching the pool were unaware, 12 large machine eyes deep underwater were watching the whole thing and taking notice. Just nine months earlier the center had installed a state-of-the-art electronic surveillance system called Poseidon, a network of cameras that feeds a computer programmed to use a set of complex mathematical procedure to distinguish between normal and distressed swimming. Poseidon covers a pool's entire swimming area and can distinguish among dim reflections, shadows, and actual swimmers. It can also tell when real swimmers are moving in a way they're not supposed to. When the computer detects a possible problem, it instantly activates a beeper to warn lifeguards and displays the exact incident location on a monitor. The rest is up to the humans above the water.Sixteen seconds after Poseidon noticed the large, sinking lump that was Jean-Francois LeRoy, lifeguards had LeRoy out of the pool and gave him first aid. He started breathing again. After one night in the local hospital, he was released with no permanent damage. Poseidon had saved his life.56.People sometimes fail to detect accidents in the swimming pool because _______ .A.lifeguards neglect their dutiesB. drowning men don‟t struggle in waterC.there is no electronic surveillance system installedD.drownings often occur quietly and quickly57.Which of the following statements in NOT true?A.Lifeguards will give way to Poseidon system.B.Poseidon system can locate drowning incidents.C.Poseidon system can pick out unusual swimmers.D.Lifeguards will count on Poseidon system.58.The purpose of this passage is to ______________ .A.publicize a machine which can watch out for swimmers in distressB.tell people what may happen in a swimming poolC.warn swimmers not to swim underwater aloneD.advertise an aquatic center equipped with state-of-the-art devicesKeys: 56-58 D AASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)They swim lovely along the shore, looking for underwater greens to feed on. But these days, along Florida‟s western coast, something is mixing with the sea grass that manatees(海牛) like to eat. And it‟s making them sick - even killing them.It‟s a poisonous form of algae, usually called “red tide” because of its color. Algae are plant-like organisms that live mainly in water. Most are harmless, but not red tide. When it gets mixed in with the grass and the manatees eat it, they get so sick th at they can‟t even swim.“They‟re basically paralyzed(瘫痪的), and they become unconscious,”said Virginia Edmonds, an animal care manager. Manatees are mammals and they need to surface often to breathe in air. If a manatee is paralyzed, it can‟t swim and will drown.As of Monday, the current red tide outbreak has killed at least 174 manatees since the beginning of this year. That has already beaten Florida‟s record-high number for manatee deaths in a single year - and we still have nearly nine months to go!T he experts aren‟t sure when the red tide outbreak will end. So many more manatees are in danger. The situation has gotten so desperate that Florida zoos have rescued at least a dozen manatees. You can find manatees anywhere from Brazil up to Florida - and throughout much ofthe Caribbean Sea.In fact, the manatee is officially considered an endangered species. Thanks to the US government‟s protection, Florida‟s manatee population has grown to approximately 5,000 in recent years. But the red tide is threatening their survival. Some experts suspect that pollution from farms even might be fueling the red tide outbreak, because fertilizer that‟s used on farms often winds up in water. And when that fertilized water runs off into the Gulf of Mexico, it makes things grow faster - just like on land.56. The word “them”(in the 1st paragraph) probably refers to “________”.A. underwater greensB. algaeC.manateesD.endangered animals57. We can learn from the passage that the red tide ________.A.causes 174 manatees‟ deaths every month.B.disables manatees‟ ability to surface to breathe.C.has destroyed most of the underwater greens.D.helps to fertilize farm lands.58. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The experts‟ efforts to keep the red tide from spreading.B. The potential cause of the expansion of the red tide.C. The present situation of manatees in Florida.D. The deadly effect of the poisonous red tide on manatees.59. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The red tide has been changing the manatees‟ habitant.B. The manatee is officially an endangered species.C. More efforts should be made to save the manatees.D. The red tide has been threatening the manatees.Keys: 56-59 CBADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)They say a cat has nine lives, and I think that possible since I am now living my third life and Pm not even a cat. My father died when T was 15, and we had a hard struggle to make a living. And my mother, who was seriously ill in her last years, died while still in her 60s. My sister married soon after, and I followed her example within the year.This was when I began to enjoy my first life. T was very happy, in excellent health. I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula in San Carlos. Life was a pleasant dream. Then the dream ended. I became afflicted（使苦恼）with a slowly progressive disease of the motornerves, affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side. Thus began my second life....In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day, with the aid of special equipment installed in my car. And I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree, because of 14 steps. Crazy? Not at all. Our home was an affair with 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door. Those steps were a standard measure of life. They were my yardstick, my challenge to continue living. I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it ---repeating the process 14 times, I would be through---1 could then admit defeat and lie down and die.Then on a dark night in August, 1971, I began my third life. It was raining when I started home that night; strong winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads. Suddenly the steering wheel jerked（猝然一动） . In the same instant I heard thebang of a blowout. It was impossible for me to change that tire! Utterly impossible!I started the engine and thumped slowly along until I came to the dirt road, where I turned in and where I found lighted windows welcomed me to a house and pulled into the driveway and blared the horn.The door opened and a little girl stood there. When she knew what happened to me, she went into the house and a moment later came out, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting. I sat there comfortable and dry, and felt a bit sorry for the man and the little girl working so hard in the storm.About an hour later, the man's voice was heard, “This is a bad night for car trouble, but you're all set now. ” “Thanks，” I said. “How much do I owe you?” He shook his head, “Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple. Glad to be of help. 1 know you'd do the same for me. There‟s no charge, friend.” I held out a five-dollar bill，“No! I like to pay my way.” He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can‟t see it. ”56. “A cat has nine lives” here means _________.A. a cat can live nine times longer than any other animalB. a cat can die ninthC. a lucky man cannot die easilyD. the writer will live nine times57. What do you think of the man who helped change the tire? .A. Warm-hearted but pitiableB. Warm-hearted and happyC. A blind old man that has nothing to do every dayD. A poor old man that is always ready to help others58. How will the story be ended?A. The writer paid the little girl but the old man did not accept.B. The writer drove away with tears running down his cheek.C. The writer stayed there, without knowing what to do and how to do.D. In the next few frozen seconds the writer felt the shame and astonishment he had never feltbefore.59. The best title for this passage perhaps will be ___________.A. The Old Man and His DaughterB. Heart Leaping UpC. Never Lose HeartD. Good Will Be Rewarded GoodKeys:56-59 CBDBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）The Hawthorne experiment was conducted in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The management of Western Electric‟s Hawthorne plant, located near Chicago, wanted to find out if environmental factors, such as lighting, could affect workers‟ productivity and mora le. A team of social scientists experimented with a small group of employees who were set apart from their coworkers. The environmental conditions of this group‟s work area were controlled, and the subjects themselves were closely observed. To the great surprise of the researchers, the productivity of these workers increased in response to any change in their environmental conditions. The rate of work increased even when the changes (such as a sharp decrease in the level of light in the workplace) seemed unlikely to have such an effect.It was concluded that the presence of the observers had caused the workers in the experimental group to feel special. As a result, the employees came to know and trust one another, and they developed a strong belief in the importance of their job. The researchers believed that this, not the changes in the work environment, accounted for the increased productivity.A later reanalysis of the study data challenged the Hawthorne conclusions on the grounds that the changes in patterns of human relations, considered so important by the original researchers, were never measured. However, even if the original conclusions must be revised, they nonetheless raise a problem for social scientists: Research subjects who know they are being studied can change their behavior. Throughout the social sciences, this phenomenon has come to be called the Hawthorne effect.56. The author implies that a sharp decrease in light increased workers‟ output because ________.A. the workers experienced less eyestrain in a dark working placeB. the workers had to pay more attention to what they were doingC. the workers knew they were being observed, and this motivated themD. the workers in the experiment were paid more than other workers57. The pattern of organization of the second paragraph is__________.A. list of itemsB. time orderC. definition and exampleD. cause and effect58. The Hawthorne experiment suggests that___________.A. workers‟ attitudes are more important than thei r environmentB. social scientists are good workersC. productivity in electric plants tends to be lowD. even those who were not in the experiment improved their productivity59. The author‟s main purpose is_____________.A. to explain the Hawthorne effectB. to prove the importance of researchC. to amuse with a surprising experimentD. to suggest ideas for future researchKeys:56-59 CDAASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）A woman standing over six feet tall and weighing about 200 pounds isbound to make an impression. But in Mary Fields‟ case, these features wereoutmatched by a heart of gold that made her legendary (传奇的).Born into slavery in Tennessee in 1832 or 1833, Mary had nothing, noteven a date of birth. However, in her early years, she found something of trulylasting value—a friend named Dolly. In addition to friendship, Dolly also may have taught Mary to read and write, an invaluable advantage for slaves. At the end of America‟s Civil War, Mary finally received her freedom and made her own way out into the world.Mary was employed on a steamboat as a maid when she received word from Dolly, now a nun(修女) in Ohio called Mother Amadeus. Mary arrived in Ohio in 1878 and worked at Amadeus‟ girls‟ school, managing the kitchen and garden. She became known as a gun-carrying, cigar-smoking woman, but also as an example of kindness and reliability. After a few years,though, Amadeus was sent to another school out West in Montana, becoming the first black woman to settle in central Montana.When Mary was in her 50s, a sick Mother Amadeus called her West. So Mary made her way to the small town of Cascade, Montana, to nurse Amadeus to health. She did this and more, running supplies and visitors to St. Peter‟s Mission where Amadeus lived. Once when her wagon (四轮马车) overturned, she guarded the delivery from wolves through the night.But Mary‟s rough edges caused the local bishop (主教) to prohibit her from working at the mission. Mother Amadeus then set her up as the first African-American female employee of the U.S. Postal Service. Though in her 60s, Mary was such a dependable mail carrier that she earned the name “Stagecoach” Mar y. She became a beloved figure in Cascade. She was the only woman allowed in the saloon (酒馆), was the baseball team‟s biggest fan and was given free meals in the town hotel.Nearly 70, Mary quit delivering the mail but remained in Cascade. The town‟s schoo l closed to celebrate her unknown birthday twice a year. When she passed away in 1914, a simple cross was placed to mark her grave and her legend in the Wild West.56. What about Mary Fields impressed people most?A. Her tall and fat figure.B. Her reputation as an educated slave.C. Her friendliness and responsibility.D. Her habit of carrying a gun and smoking.57. Which of the following shows Mary‟s life experience in the order of time?①Mary began to deliver mail in Cascade.②Mary worked in a school in Montana.③Mary was taught to read and write.④Mary took care of sick Amadeus.⑤Mary worked on a steamed boat.A. ⑤①③②④B. ⑤④②①③C. ②④⑤③①D. ③⑤②④①58. Mary became a mail carrier because ________.A. people in Cascade loved herB. she once worked at St. Peter‟s MissionC. Mother Amadeus recommended herD. the US Postal Service needed a female employee59. In th e last paragraph, “her legend” most probably refers to ________.A. her high social statusB. her unusual life as a pioneerC. her friendship with Amadeus.D. her role in the liberation of slaves。

2017年度上海高三一模试卷-英语-崇明区

崇明县2016届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）第Ⅰ卷 (共103分)I. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Classmates. B. Husband and wife.C. T eacher and student.D. Manager andclerk.2. A. To go to the bank. B. To buy some books. C. T o have coffee.D.Todrawsome pictures.3. A. At a food shop. B. At a restaurant. C. At the airport. D. At the railway station.4. A. To read a book about radio.B. To listen to the radio.C. T o talk about a radio program.D. T o write a program.5. A. They don ’t like the second show.B. The people in line all have tickets.C. They won ’t have to wait much longer.D. They will have to go to a later show. 6. A. Boiling water. B. Taking a shower.C. The weather.D. A dying man.7. A. $200.B. $300.C. $400.D. $450.8. A. The article was actually longer. B. The article was not good enough. C. His publishing career has just begun. D. The newspaper printed his another article. 9. A. Typing a 24-page letter.B. Helping to press the buttons.C. Showing the operation steps.D. Presenting a marketing lecture.10. A. Remove George from the committee immediately. B. Tell George that his attendance problem is serious. C. T elephone George to come to the meeting right away. D. Offer to give George a helping hand during the meeting. Section B学校班级准考证号姓名…………………密○……………………………………封○……………………………………○线……………………………Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked threequestions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will bespoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paperand decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To increase people’s yearly income. B. To develop public transport.C. To improve people’s work efficiency.D. To decrease traffic on the streets.12. A. 12 Euros. B. 25 Euros. C. 50 Euros. D. 600 Euros.13. A. By collecting traffic tickets. B. By using a smartphone application.C. By reinvesting fines wisely.D. By employing 50 workers.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A lawyer. B. A student. C. A teacher. D. A politician.15. A. T o be sold at a higher price. B. To meet the needs of different people.C. T o make people self-conscious.D. T o leave a deeper impression on readers.16. A. It’s good to read on public transport. B. It’s wrong to see what others are reading.C. Most people pretend to be an intellectual.D. Don’t judge a person by what he reads in public.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will beread twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blankswith the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Fable of the HedgehogIt was the coldest winter ever. Many animals died (25)_____ cold was the biggest enemy for the animals living in the forest. Many animals tried their best to get warm.The hedgehogs(刺猬), (26)_____(realize) the situation, decided to group together to keep warm. This way they covered and protected themselves; but they forgot one important fact (27)_____ when they got together to warm each other, the quills(刚毛) of each one wounded their closest companions.After a while, they began to bleed, and they (28)_____ no longer bear the pain. They had no other good ideas, so they decided to distance (29)_____ one from the other. Under the cold circumstance, they began to die, alone and frozen. Day after day, more and more hedgehogs died in this cold winter. So they had to make (30)_____ choice: either accept the quills of their companions or disappear from the Earth.Wisely, they decided to go back to being together. They learned to live with the little wounds (31)_____ (cause) by the close relationship with their companions to receive the heatthat came from the others. This way they were able to survive.The best relationship is not the one that brings together perfect people, but when each individual learns to live with the imperfections of others and can admire other people’s good qualities.(B)Facebook’s Safety Check Lets Users Know about Friends after Paris Terror Attacks Facebook managed to put its vast number of user data to good use after Friday’s tragic terror attacks in Paris: the social network customized(定制) its safety check feature to let users know (32)_____ their friends and loved ones in Paris are safe.Users in the area (33)_____(alert) by Facebook’s mobile apps, asking them about their safety, and offering to check on any of their friends. The app also sends out alerts to anyone who has friends in Paris, (34)_____ Facebook’s website lets anyone check on the status and whereabouts(行踪) of their friends as well.It is probably the first time that most people (35)_____(see) Facebook’s safety check today, but the company actually launched it in response to the Nepal earthquake (36)_____ (early) this year. At the time, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg wrote: “When disasters happen, people need (37)_____ (know) their loved ones are safe. At moments like this, (38)_____(be) able to connect really matters.”Facebook wasn’t the only technology company to reach out directly to its users in Paris after the terror attacks. AirBnB sent its customers in Paris an email (39)_____ advised them to stay in place and follow the directions from local authorities. Paris-based Twitter users tookinitiative into their own hands and quickly established a tag —#PorteOuverte, which translates to “open door”—to open up their homes (40)_____ temporary shelters to others caught up in the attacks.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As further proof that you can now 3D-print anything, a company called Natural Machines has introduced a 3D printer for food.The “Foodini”, as it’s called, isn’t too different from a regular 3D printer, but instead of printing with plastics, it prints eatable ingredients 41 out of steel capsules(容器): “It’s the same technology,”says Lynette Kucsma, co-founder of Natural Machines, “but with plastics there’s just one42 point, while with food it has different temperatures and consistencies (粘稠度). Also,43works a little bit against us, as food doesn’t hold the shape as well as plastic.”At the Web Summit technology conference in Dublin, the Barcelona-based startup is showing off the machine, which it says is the only one of its kind capable of printing a wide range of dishes.“In fact, this is a mini food manufacturing plant 44 down to the size of an oven,”Kucsma said, pointing out that at least in the initial stage the printer will be 45 mostly at professional kitchen users, with a consumer version to follow.In principle, the Foodini sounds like the final 46 aid: press a button to print your food. But Natural Machines is quick to point out that it’s designed to take care only of the difficult and 47parts of food preparation that discourage people from cooking at home, and that it promotes healthy eating by requiring fresh ingredients prepared before printing.Nevertheless, the company is working with major food manufacturers to create pre-packaged plastic capsules that can just be loaded into the machine to make food, even though they assure these will be free of preservatives, with a shelf life 48 to five days.The printing process is slow, but faster than regular 3D printing. Other than being capable of creating complex designs, the Foodini can be useful for recipes that require accuracy and skillfulness, like homemade pizza or filled pasta.Currently, the device only prints the food, which must be then cooked as usual. But a(n) 49model will also cook the preparation and produce it ready to eat.The idea also comes with a social 50 too. “There’s a touchscreen on the front that connects to a recipe site in the cloud, so it’s an internet-of-things, connected kitchen appliance,”said Kucsma. Users will also be able to control the device remotely using a smartphone, and share their recipes with the community.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.As unemployment rates shrink, individual industries and job markets are heating up. According to the most recent numbers released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in their biannual Occupational Outlook Handbook and Career Guide to Industries, the total number of Americans 51 will increase by 10.1 percent by 2018.While many jobs have opportunities for promotion, the following three 52 for unique reasons.IT SecurityAccording to the U.S. Department of Labor, computer-related 53 are on the rise. From 2012 to 2022, the number of computer systems analysts in the country is expected to increase by 25 percent, while computer support specialists will see demand increase by as much as 17 percent. These are clear indicators of the nation’s 54 focus on IT and cyber (网络的) security.However, it may be IT security specialists that see the biggest growth. As cyber 55 increases and computers become increasingly capable of storing more data, the emphasis on cyber security will become even more 56 . According to Anthony Sequeira of CBT Nuggets, a reputable IT training resource, “As we store more and more information in thecloud, the perceived (感知到的) gain and harm that can be done to individuals is greater and greater.”In 2013, the average IT security analyst made approximately $88,590 –with the 57 10 percent taking home as much as $138,780. Even the lower end is well above the national average, with the 58 starting salary somewhere around $50,430.Biomedical EngineeringIf you’re looking at the Occupational Outlook Handbook and Career Guide to Industries, the occupation with the highest expected growth rate from 2008 to 2018 is biomedicale n g i n e e r i n g.59 , there were only 16,000 biomedical engineers in 2008. A healthy 27,520 are expected to hold the title by 2018. That’s a 10-year growth rate of 72 percent.But why is this industry growing so 60 ? It’s likely due in part to the aging population and an increased focus on 61 issues. Naturally, health professionals and the general public will 62 to demand better and more superior medical equipment and devices for better healthcare. In 2008, the average annual salary for a biomedical engineer was $77,400. The current mid-career annual salary is somewhere around $97,800.AudiologyFor those who want to work directly with people but prefer low-pressure environments, audiology is an 63 career. “If you don’t like 64 but still want a career with good prospects and a decent salary, consider becoming an audiologist,”writes Alan Farnham of ABC News.Audiologists are professionals who treat patients with hearing needs. You’re now required to hold a clinical doctoral degree to be a qualified audiologist, but the 65 are worth it. Now an audiologist’s average annual salary is $63,579.51. A. dismissed B. employed C. promoted D. demanded52. A. drop in B. keep up C. take on D. stand out53. A. salaries B. players C. careers D. games54. A. enhanced B. shifted C. continued D. limited55. A. safety B. communication C. relationship D. crime56. A. impossible B. important C. reliable D. convenient57. A. last B. top C. remaining D. usual58. A. typical B. special C. dramatic D. appropriate59. A. Instead B. Besides C. Nevertheless D. Meanwhile60. A. steadily B. slightly C. differently D. rapidly61. A. health B. security C. life D. development62. A. fail B. pretend C. continue D. plan63. A. ideal B. independent C. interesting D. unusual64. A. restriction B. promotion C. excitement D. stress65. A. patients B. rewards C. hospitals D. pleasuresSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）A cannon (大炮) sounded as Jonny Fry took off on his horse through the streets of St. Joseph, Missouri. Crowds lined the streets, cheering and waving. Fry rode west for 90 miles at full speed. He then passed a leather bag full of letters to another rider. Eventually a chain of riders carried the letters across nearly 2,000 miles of wilderness, and the Pony Express was born.Between California and the rest of the U.S. lay a vast wilderness. Mail service was slow and often delayed. As war among the states seemed likely, people wanted news more quickly.In December 1859, William Russell, owner of a transport company, decided to meet that need. He and partners William Waddell and Alexander Majors worked constantly for months. They selected a route from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California. Then they purchased 400 horses, hired workers and set up relay stations (驿站) every 10 to 15 miles. Riders would change horses at these stations, and every 90 to 120 miles a new rider would take over.Shortly before Jonny Fry set out, another Pony Express rider set off from Sacramento for St. Joseph. These first deliveries reached their destinations in close to the 10 days Russell had promised.But the route was far from safe. On April 18, 1860, a rider’s horse stumbled (绊倒) and fell on the rider, killing him. Riders faced rivers, mountains, extreme temperatures—and veryunfriendly natives. In May 1860, tensions between the settlers and Native Americans turned into fighting. Native Americans attacked several Pony Express stations, forcing some of them to close temporarily.Despite the risks, the Pony Express lost only one delivery during its one and a half years in operation. And when Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the Pony Express carried the news to California in only five days. It also spread news of the beginning of America’s Civil War.The Pony Express service ended in October 1861 after a telegraph line across the U.S. was completed. Yet the riders’courage and accomplishments still hold a place in legend (传奇).66. The passage is mainly about the _____ of the Pony Express.A. functionB. influenceC. historyD. operation67. To _____,William Russell decided to set up the Pony Express.A. shorten the time of sending mailB. deliver mail farther and more safelyC. meet people’s different needsD. help people keep in contact in war68. What might Russell have promised about the first deliveries?A. To make the destinations closer.B. To make the deliveries within 10 days.C. To ensure the deliveries with two riders.D. To complete the deliveries before the war.69. What can be learned from the passage?A. The Pony Express had an insignificant position in the development of mail service.B. The fighting between the settlers and Native Americans ended the Pony Express.C. The Pony Express became successful as a result of the dangers on the route.D. The Pony Express not only delivered mail but spread news as well.（B）The following are some of the comments on Alberto Hernandez’s latest blog.70. In Marianne’s opinion, her boss is _____.A. a fantastic and helpful personB. trying to restrict their behaviorC. an irresponsible personD. trying to know them better71. How does Marcel most probably feel in his company?A. Thrilled.B. Proud.C. Disrespected.D. Unsuccessful.72. From the comments we can conclude that _____ must be an employer.A. AlbertoB. MarianneC. MarcelD. Robert73. What might be the topic of Alberto Hernandez’s latest blog?A. Workplace privacy.B. Management skills.C. Employment status.D. Information sources.（C）Thanks to smartphones, telling your partner “I love you”has never been easier. And, according to some new research, it’s probably making your relationship stronger, too.There’s no denying technology’s impact on modern relationships, just as there’s no denying technology’s impact on modern, well, everything. Websites and apps such as , OkCupid and Tinder have changed the way Americans meet and date. A 2013 study from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that more than one-third of all U.S. marriages now begin through online dating, which has grown into a $2 billion-a-year industry, according to IBISWorld. And, of course, they’ve changed how we communicate. Facebook, Twitter, iMessage, WhatsApp, Snapchat and Instagram have replaced the Phone.For tech-savvy couples, the communication possibilities today are seemingly endless. Texting apps allow partners to communicate throughout the day regardless of where they are. And while there are some dangers that accompany regular texting with your partner, couples that exchange affectionate texts can actually enhance their relationships. A new report from the Pew Research Centre shows that 21 percent of people in committed relationships say they felt closer to their spouse or partner because of exchanges they had either online or via text message.“People will text no matter what—it’s too convenient,”says Lori Schade, Ph.D., a licensed marriage and family therapist in Salk Lake City, Utah. “But if they use text messages purposefully to put money in the relationship bank, so to speak, by being positive, they might be developing resilience (韧性) to weather future storms.”Meanwhile, several apps that are built specially for couples have begun appearing in app stores everywhere. Couple, an app that allows couples to communicate in their own, private channel, has been downloaded nearly 2.5 million times. The app lets you and your partner share messages and videos, build a private shared timeline recording your relationship, share to-do lists and even send “ThumbKisses”to one another.Some dating sites are figuring out ways to stay involved in couples’lives beyond the meeting period. HowAboutWe, which likes to call itself “The Online Dating Sites”, has a separate service for couples that offers pre-planned dates ranging from tickets to a Broadway show, to custom peanut butter sandwiches, to a robot-building workshop. Thecompany launched a new couples app called “You & Me”, which allows partners to cooperate on playlists, share photos and exchange private messages.So while there’s no substitution for actual face time in relationship, FaceTime is looking more and more like a good alternative to fill in the gaps.74. “Tech-savvy couples”in Paragraph 3 may refer to couples who _____.A. can save technologyB. have a good command of technologyC. communicate endlesslyD. work in the field of information technology75. In Lori Schade’s opinion, texting can _____.A. enable people to put money in the bankB. prevent partners being caught in stormsC. help people enhance their relationshipsD. expose people to more dangers76. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. actual face time is more important than online face timeB. actual face time will eventually give way to online face timeC. online face time makes relationships stronger than actual face timeD. online face time can make up for the disadvantages of actual face time77. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Modern technology: Bringing people closerB. Modern technology: Recording relationshipsC. Modern technology: Changing everyday lifeD. Modern technology: Making communication easierSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete thestatements in the fewest possible words.A public elementary school in New York City has stopped giving its students homework.Public School 116 (P.S. 116) Principal Jane Hsu wrote a letter to parents last month detailing the decision, explaining that after more than a year of analyzing studies, the school had concluded that students’after-school time would be better spent on activities like reading at their own pace and playing rather than working on class assignments.Hsu’s letter says that many studies indicate that there is no connection between homework and academic success. Indeed, there are some studies that show that the link between homework and success is doubtful at the primary school level.A 1989 study on homework by Harris Cooper, a social psychologist who researches education, found that doing homework led students to perform better in school as they grew older. In later grades, students who did homework performed increasingly better than students who did not. In 2006, Cooper published a study that analyzed 15 years’worth of data on the effectiveness of homework. He found that homework had a more positive impact on students as they aged, and identified stronger link between homework and achievement for students in grades seven through twelve than for students in kindergarten through sixth grade.A 2012 study from the Indiana University School of Education on 10th-graders found little link between time spent on homework and better course grades, although it did find a positive link between homework time and standardized test performance.Some parents of P.S. 116 students are not happy with the decision to eliminate homework.“I think they should have homework—some of it is about discipline. I want my daughter to have fun, but I also want her to be working towards a goal,”Daniel Tasman, the father of a second-grader at the school, told DNAinfo.“You have to do homework in order to gain; you have to do homework because they may not be able to comprehend everything in school,”Sharon Blake, a grandmother of a P.S. 116 student, told ABC news.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. The passage is about a New York elementary school’s decision to _____.79. What did P.S. 116 do before it came to the decision at last?80. The studies in 1989 and in 2006 both found out that there was _____ when students wereyounger.81. Some parents of P.S. 116 students are against its decision because they hold thathomework can _____.第Ⅱ卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你是否看过那篇有关幸福元素的文章？(element)2. 是我的志愿者经历让我被这所大学录取了。

上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语一模汇编----六选四--老师版(已经校对)

Do you have a hobby that helps you relax and unwind? For some people, there is no better way to relieve pressure than spending time in the garden. This small private area of green space can be their place of calm.__67__. A survey conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society, found that 82% of people in the UK said that gardening makes them happier. It also found that 70% of them, given the choice, would prefer to spend their working day in the garden with just 9% opting for an office.For those with green fingers, the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature -- even if there are a few too many worms! It can also be seen as a sort of digital-detox -- time away from technology. __68__.Dr Christopher Lowry, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado, injected a bacterium commonly found in soil into mice to see what affection this would have on them. __69__. When we dig in soil we absorb this bacterium through our lungs or cuts in our skin, so Dr Lowry concluded that since the mice seemed happier when treated with soil bacteria, it’s likely we would be, too.__70__. There’s evidence that recovering alcoholics who have been given the opportunity to plant, grow, and even sell their produce, have managed to stop their addictive habits. Scot Stephenson, for example, got dismissed from school and started a vocational qualification in gardening. He says, “I got my NVQ level 2 which is my first qualification and enjoyed it ever since.”Whatever the reason, there are many therapeutic benefits to getting your hands dirty, doing some physical hard work and then watching your garden grow. Does this sound like your idea of fun?67-70: DFACWould You B ully(欺负) a Driverless Car or Show It Respect?Say you’re driving down a two-way street and there’s a truck unloading a delivery in the opposite lane. The oncoming traffic needs to pull out into your lane to overtake.What do you do?___67___ Eventually one of us feels charitable and slows down to allow the oncoming car to overtake and give permission with a quick flash of headlights or a wave of the hand.But what if the car waiting patiently behind the parked truck is a driverless or autonomous vehicle (AV)? Will this robot car be able to understand what you mean when you flash your lights or wave your hands?Its sensors could decide that it’s only safe to overtake when there’s no oncoming traffic at all. On a busy road at school home time, this may be never, leading to increasingly angry drivers queuing behind. ___68___ This is one of the conclusions to be drawn from research carried out by Dr Chris Tennant of the psychological and behavioural science department at the London School of Economics.His Europe-wide survey finds that nearly two-thirds of drivers think machines won’t have enough common sense to interact with human drivers, and more than two-fifths think a robot car would remain stuck behind ourassumedparked truck for a long time.Driving isn’t just about technology and engineering, it’s about human interactions and psychology. The road is a social space. ___69___ “If you view the road as a social space, you willconsciously negotiate your journey with other drivers. People who like that negotiation process appear to feel less comfortabl e engaging with AVs than with human drivers,” says Mr Tennant in his report.___70___ A statistic often trotted out(动不动就搬出) is that human error is responsible for more than 90% of accidents, with our tendency to road anger, tiredness and lack of concentration. 67-70 AFBETen years ago, after 2 years as a postdoc (博士后), I found myself wondering whether I should take a different road. Up to that point, I had stuck to a pretty traditional path investigating cancer genetics, but I was losing interest in the research. At the same time, federal funding had flattened, which added to my dissatisfaction. ___67___ Then came the hard part: identifying a new career that would nurture my passion for science and allow me to make an impact with my work.As I was considering my options, I found inspiration in my first graduate school research tutor, whose work r eminded me that scientists’ efforts away from the bench can be incredibly powerful. But I still didn’t know exactly what I should do. ___68___ A colleague mentioned that a professor at a nearby 2-year college was training students to produce monoclonal antibodies for labs on campus. I was impressed that the professor had taken on this type of ambitious project with relatively inexperienced students. Curious to find out more, I set up a meeting with John and was struck by his sincerity and the way he prioritized student training above grants, publications, and personal ambition. I could also see his passion for teaching, which reminded me of the dreamto become a high school biology teacher.__69___ I found a faculty position and joined John at the same quiet junior college. Now, I effectively hold two positions: classroom instructor and research co-adviser of 15 inexperienced but eager undergraduates. Both roles give me a chance to help students transform themselves, which is enormously rewarding.___70___ It’s discouraging when others see both my students and me as less worthy because we are not at universities. We sometimes struggle to get access to federal funding, scientific conferences, and other resources and opportunities. My pay is below the standard at 4-year research institutions, even though my teaching workload is greater. But my occasional frustration is relieved by the thought of the students, who I have helped train.Looking back at these 10 years, I realize how much my work on this campus has helped me grow, both as an academic and a tutor. I’m grateful that I stepped away from a traditional career path and found a way to serve both the student and research communities in my own way, modest though it may be.67—70 EBFAZoos have existed since ancient times and were features of the great courts of Egypt and China. The display of unusual animals form foreign countries was, for a long time, a show of wealth and power. Today, zoos focus on the preservation of animals species and the education ofthe public. __67___Some animals are distinctly unsuited for life in a zoo, however noble the aims of the organization. Keeping elephant in captivity (囚禁) has long caused argument among animals rights activists. Elephant in the wild wander constantly, covering a wide territory on a daily basis. In captivity, they have no choice but to stand still for long periods of time. ___68____. Yet elephants are a threatened species in their native environments and are heavily caught for ivory(象牙)，leather and meat illegally. To protect the species form the wild due to injury or abandonment.___69___. The chances are, if a zoo has nothing but cement floors and metal enclosures, the animals will not do as well. Many famous zoos now construct enclosures allowing animals freedom of movement and native vegetation. Some zoos have even begun housing species of animals together that normally interact in the wild, such as certain types of monkeys.Zoos are not a perfect solution for preservation.____70___. They are undeniably helpful in repopulating declining animal species and encouraging a preservationist outlook, but they are unquestionably primary in their treatment of some animals. Hopefully, animal activists and zoo advocates will continue to work together, finding ways to create the best environment for captive animals in breeding and repopulation efforts.67-70 CEDAA few years ago, a Finnish app took the mobile gaming world by storm. Its set-up was simpleand its idea illogical: Angry Birds was little more than a shooting game, with birds instead of bullets and green pigs in place of targets. 67 Shortly after Angry Birds took off, audiences found a new distraction in Fruit Ninja, a game where the object was to chop falling produce. Then there was Candy Crush, where players could save a candy kingdom by matching like-colored bonbons.68 That was their charm, after all: They were knowingly ridiculous or illogical, an attack into mindless amusement. In games like Angry Birds, players found an escape from reality. All they had to do is resign themselves to the logic of the game, a world of simple cause-and-effect: Slingshot a bird, kill a pig, score points.Fast forward to 2016, and there's now an Angry Birds movie, here to fill you in on all the details you never wished to know. The birds have been given personalities, motives and back-stories, and so have the evil green pigs. Meanwhile, the game's nonsense had to be made sense of due to a necessary plot for a movie. Logic replaced illogic. Angry Birds is not alone in having its gray areas sketched in for the big screen. Hollywood has made an industry of answering the questions no one ever thought to ask; to the point of even giving a brand of toy blocks its own story in 2014’s The Lego Movie. Countless secondary characters have also been pulled from the sidelines and given their own opportunities to show on the screen. That includes the forgetful blue fish Dory from 2003’s Finding Nemo. 69 Viewers no longer have the luxury of imagining back-stories for their favorite characters, or debating the open-ended questions in a film’s source materials: An endless flow of prequels(前传), sequels(续传) and spin-offs(衍生产品) fill in those blanks for them.70 They'll know. Everything will be determined for them: According to the movie, the main bird Red gets picked on for his bushy eyebrows, and that leaves him feeling isolated and, well, angry. In some ways, Hollywood has taken on the role of fan fiction writers, by expanding and exploring every corner of its fictional universes. But when these universes expand too widely, what will be left to imagine?67-70：CE FAIn so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. ____67____ So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn't create problems. Identity doesn't really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?____68____ They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn't get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don't have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. ____69____All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. ____70____ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from thereal person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: "Life in the real world is far richer than anything you'll find on a computer screen67-70 BFACNo matter how early she went to bed, Maggie couldn't fall asleep until the early hours. Though constantly exhausted, Maggie got good grades in school, but she often got in trouble for napping during her morning classes.After graduating from college, Maggie realized her dream of becoming a teacher. However, waking up for her 8:30 a.m. classes turned her into a zombie (无生气的人) , and she lost her job because she lacked enthusiasm.Maggie isn’t lazy. She suffers from delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS，睡眠相位后移症候群)----a disorder that affects one in 750 adults that causes them to be somewhat nocturnal （夜间活动的）. DSPS is often confused with insomnia(失眠），perhaps because sufferers seem tired duringthe day. However, the two disorders are very different. Insomniacs have trouble with the process offalling asleep.67They just can’t fall asleep early even if they want to.Essentially, DSPS means a person's internal clock is set differently. ____ 68 _______ A s aresult,they're out of sync(同步）with the rest of society. People with DSPS struggle to keep their eyes open during morning meetings because their bodies are convinced it*s the middle of the night. They seem less efficient and creative at the office, and make more workplace accidents. DSPS also damages their health, causing depression, anxiety, heart disease and many other illnesses due to sleep deprivation.______69_______ . Fortunately, that’s not the case. Flexible work schedules are already verycommon. Traditionally, managers tend to think more people in the office equals more output, but new research shows that people who work flexible hours are more productive and more likely to stay with their company because they are happier and healthier. Thanks to these findings, many European countries have passed laws giving every worker the right to apply for a flexible work arrangement. According to Cary Cooper, a psychologist at Lancaster University, most U.K. employees will be working half from home in five years.This is great news not just for DSPS sufferers but also for their companies. 70 Consequently, they will be able to save a large sum of money.KEYS: FACDHow to Keep Your Digital Memorials Safe?Do you value your digital stuff? Nearly everyone is creating things with computers, and some do it without any concern for its value. Others recognize its current value, but think little about what it could mean to them in the future, and either aren't aware or don't think that all of it could bedestroyed tomorrow. But hard drives die all the time, and the online services into which people sink their time close with alarming regularity, taking the work of millions of people withit._________67____________.Steps1.Prepare to make a quick backup. If nothing else, get a cheap USB stick anddrag-and-drop your documents folder onto it. Worry about the other things later.You should do more than this, but it's most important to take the most valuable,irreplaceable information from your hard drive and put it on a second medium to guardagainst hard drive failure, theft or loss.2.Decide what you value. Some questions to ask yourself are:How replaceable is this data?How good are you at assessing the value of items? _______68__________. For things likebusiness accounts and documents, the answer is of course you would. This kind of thingshould be your first priority.3.Start making backups.__________69__________Diminishing returns(效益递减) apply in backups as they do with everything else. The cheapest and simplest backup methods take care of an overwhelming majority of likely loss-of-stuff. Over-complicating your backup strategy is the biggest trap: the more complicated and expensive you insist on making it, the less likely you are to do it.4.____________70______________If one of your backup drives fails, replace it immediately. Remember that all storage devices eventually become obsolete (陈旧的). If you have valuable files on obsolete media, those files become increasingly difficult to access with every passing year. So in order to keep your files accessible, remember to migrate your collection to new storage media periodically.67-70 FDEATutoring a New NormalIt’s not piano lessons or dance lessons. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity in the West is going to a tutor. “I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It’s costly,” says Pet, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, “after finding out half my daughter’s class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead.Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. “When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always shouting. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done.”Tutoring isn’t simply a private school phenomenon. 67________ In Cana da alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. 68 ________As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.69________ “A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework,” says Julie Diamond, presi dent of an American tutoring company. “Others couldn’t help their children after Grade 3.”There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. “Children used to get bullied(欺侮）for having a tutor,” Diamond says. “Now it’s becoming the norm to have one.”70 ________One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. “For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need，” she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actua lly asked for one.FADBIn 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger,therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.67-70 FABDFor centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that (67) ___________The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. (68) ___________ For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. (69) ___________Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. (70) ___________ The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.67-70 EFCDIt is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. 67 _____. A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement -- checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home -- has a more powerful influence on students, academic performance than anything about the school the students attend. Another study, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, reports that the effort put forth by parents reading stories aloud, is devoted by either teachers or the students themselves. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement.68 ______. But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. They don’t need to drive their offspring to enrichment classes or test-preparation courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk.But not just any talk. 69 _______. For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health and published in the journal Pediatrics founds that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as powerful in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this reciprocal (双向的) back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thought and opinions matter.The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear tal k about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge, report researchers from the University of Chicago. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academicsocialization” -- setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. 70 _______.67----70 DACBWhere do you think the world's happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? 67 Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let's start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital than other country.And there's another advantage to those high taxes. Because a shop assistant's final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don't choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There's a philosophy in Denmark known as "Jante-love", which translates as "you're no better than anybody else." ___68___ But workers in otherr countries are not used to looking at life in this way.Money doesn't seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a "post consumerist" society. ___69___ What is more important is the sense of society and it's no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are evenpaid for by the government.___70___ They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You'll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. Perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes---simple, economical, non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.67----70 EBFCWhy should mankind explore space? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? _____67_____. The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. _____68_____. Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction —which has saved many lives —in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the spaceindustry!_____69_____. The chances of a large comet (彗星) hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction.In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. _____70_____.. keys:67-70 DAFB。

崇明市高三英语一模试卷

崇明市高三英语一模试卷一、听力部分（共30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1. What does the man want to do?A. Have a rest.B. Go to the cinema.C. Do some exercise.2. How much does the woman have to pay for the shirt?A. $15.B. $25.C. $45.3. What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Doctor and patient.B. Teacher and student.C. Husband and wife.4. Where are the speakers?A. In a library.B. In a classroom.C. In a restaurant.5. What does the man mean?A. He will do it later.B. He will do it tomorrow.C. He will do it right now.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）6-10. Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer for each question.11-15. Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks withthe correct words.16-20. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer for each question.二、阅读理解（共40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）21-35. Read the following passages and choose the best answer for each question.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）36-40. Read the passage and answer the questions by choosing the correct option.三、语言知识运用（共30分）第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）41-55. Choose the best word or phrase to complete each sentence.第二节（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）56-65. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word given in the brackets.第三节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）66-70. Rewrite the following sentences as directed.四、写作（共50分）第一节（共1题，满分15分）71. Write an email to your friend about your school trip.第二节（共1题，满分35分）72. Write an article on the topic “The Importance ofTeamwork”.注意事项：1. 请在规定时间内完成试卷。

2017年上海高考英语一模各区完形填空汇总

Anxiety disorders –defined by extreme fear, restlessness, and muscle tension –are carefully considering, disabling, and can increase the risk for___1___and self-murder. They are some of the most common mental health conditions around the world, ___2___ around four out of every 100 people and costing the health care system and job employers over US$42 billion each year.People with anxiety are more likely to miss days from work and are less___3___. Young people with anxiety are also less likely to enter school and complete it –leading to fewer life ___4___. Even though this evidence points to anxiety disorders as being important mental health issues, insufficient ___5___is being given to them by researchers, clinicians, and policy makers.My team and I at the University of Cambridge wanted to find out who is most affected by anxiety disorders.To do this, we conducted a systematic ___6___of studies that reported on the proportion of people with anxiety in a variety of contexts around the world, and used accurate methods to keep the highest quality studies.Our results showed women are almost twice as likely to ___7___ anxiety as men, and people living in Europe and North America are disproportionately affected.So why are women more ___8___?It could be because of differences in brain chemistry and hormone(荷尔蒙) variations. Reproductive across a woman’s life are ___9___ with hormonal changes, which have been linked to anxiety. The rise in oestrogen (雌激素) that occurs during pregnancy can ___10___the risk for uncontrollable disorder.This is ___11___by disturbing and repetitive thoughts, impulses and addictions that are upsetting and less effective. But in addition to biological mechanisms, women and men seem to experience and react to events in their life ___12___. Women tend to be more likely to stress, which can increase their anxiety. Also, when faced with stressful situations, women and men tend to use different coping ___13___. Women faced with life stressors are more likely to think about them seriously, which can increase their anxiety,___14___men engage more in active, problem-focused coping.Other studies suggest that women are more likely to ___15___physical and mental mistreatment than men, and this behavior has been linked to the development of anxiety disorders.1. A. symptom B. depression C. misery D. frightening2.A, infecting B. stimulating C. capturing D. affecting3. A. productive B. progressive C. positive D. passive4. A. adventures B. insurances C. chances D. programs5. A. conclusion B. attention C. solution D. contribution6. A. ignorance B. outlook C. discovery D. review7. A. suffer from B. deal with C. fight against D. result from8. A. superior B. inferior C. probable D. enormous9. A. characterized B. confused C. performed D. offended10.A. equally B. similarly C. differently D. terribly11.A. shortcuts B. strategies C. standards D. samples12.A. because B. unless C. if D. while13.A. experience B. respond C. ignore D. persist14.A. because B. unless C. if D. while15.A. experience B. respond C. ignore D. persistDirections MatterMultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products 41 at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding 42 sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to 43 .A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be 44 but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’45 to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands 46 as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very 47_____ experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the ___48_____for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’____49___ attitude and don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford displays. Now the 50 of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. Bui while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店）can offer a full experience from the minute customers 51 through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a(n) 52_________. And scent is just one way to53______ this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder 54_______ through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, 55________their perfect scent.41. A. engaged B. delivered C. displayed D. located42. A. connected with B. compared with C. combined with D. came up with43. A. purchase B. wander C. appreciate D. identify44. A. instructive B. attractive C. expensive D. informative45. A. expression B. demand C. intention D. attention46. A. profession B. project C. relation D. success47. A. different B. elegant C. inevitable D. generous48. A. focus B. account C. check D. schedule49. A. determined B. careless C. objective D. disapproving50. A. view B. rise C. trade D. effect51. A. step B. Inspect C. strive D. proceed52. A. occasion B. moment C. destination D. department53. A. apply B. achieve C. mention D. observe54. A. appears B. inputs C. chases D. floats55. A. in terms of B. in the form of C. in search of D. in common withA Cashless SocietyThere is nothing worse than feeling around in your pocket trying to find some small change to pay for a newspaper or a coffee. So it’s good to know that new __41__ is making cash -- banknotes and coins -- a thing of the past, turning us into a cashless society.Today, many of us already use credit and debit cards for __42__ transactions (交易) so there’s no need to carry around huge amounts of money. And now it’s __43__ to make contactless payments using tap-and-go cards which are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip. The card reader __44__ a radio signal and, when you bring the card close to the reader, the chip picks up the signal to make the payment.__45__money this way or spending on “plastic” -- an informal name for a credit card -- can put you at risk of fraud (诈骗). Criminals try to steal cards, or the information on them, to make __46__ online or in shops, which, as a result, adds too much difficulty to the police’s detective work. __47__, contactless payment is capped -- in the UK the limit is £30. And, if someone does go on a crazy spending with your card, your bank covers you against the loss. Also, the __48__ of chip and PIN technology has even been helping businesses by cutting the time people spend at the cashier’s in shops and has led to a(n) __49__ in fraud.But, if getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble, there’s now a __50__ using wearable technology -- something you can wear that include computer and electronic technologies. Kenneth Cukier, economist and technology expert, says “this is __51__ for people who don’t want to take their card out of their wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to be making more purchases more of the time -- __52__ for small-valued goods.”And, although our mobile phones are another way of making payments, BBC reporter Kate Russell says that when this is __53__ you can use the fingo-pay (指纹支付) system which “reads the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger.” The trick is remembering which finger you __54__ with in the bank -- that’s whe n good old-fashioned cash might save the day! What do you __55__ to use when you buy something?41. A. experiment B. evidence C. technology D. analysis42. A. financial B. equal C. economical D. moderate43. A. definite B. possible C. formal D. legal44. A. work out B. makes out C. gives out D. sends out45. A. Refunding B. Depositing C. Paying D. Withdrawing46. A. bargains B. purchases C. preparations D. troubles47. A. Similarly B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However48. A. introduction B. contact C. cooperation D. extension49. A. rise B. drop C. change D. increase50. A. question B. reason C. concept D. solution51. A. reserved B. provided C. intended D. chosen52. A. particularly B. specially C. simply D. purposefully53. A. inexact B. unnecessary C. impractical D. inconvenient54. A. cancelled B. registered C. tested D. restricted55. A. attempt B. demand C. prefer D. aimAnimal RightsEvery conscious being has interests that should be respected. No being who is conscious of being alive should be devalued to thinghood, dominated, and used as a resource or ___41___. The key point of the idea known as animal rights is a movement to extend moral consideration to all ___42___ beings. Nobody should have to demonstrate a specific level of intelligence or be judged beautiful to be given moral consideration. No being should have to be useful to humanity or capable of accepting “duties”in order to be extended moral consideration. ___43___, what other animals need from us is being free from duties to us.Animal rights is about letting animals live on their own terms. It can be written into our laws, but is not an actual list or bill of rights as we have for human society. It begins with our promises not to act like ___44___ of others. Animal rights is about justice ─treating animals fairly.Why is animal rights ___45 ___? It is because we humans often act as though we are the only beings on the planet.Although we depend on other animals for our very survival, humans are the only animals that have upset the balance of nature. There are lots of ways that humans ___46___ animals. We domesticate them and use them for food, even though our nutritional needs can be completely supplied by a(n) ___47___ diet. Although other materials are available, we use animal’s skin and other body parts for clothing, furs, hats, boots, jewellery and even pet toys. Humans can talk about it but animals cannot. All animals wish to experience life in its fullness. Unlike many animals who have to kill to survive, humans do not.Why should humans cause ___48___ to other beings when it’s not necessary?As we do, animals protect their children; they feel fear; they warn each other of dangers; they play. We might differ from other animals in some ways, but that doesn’t give us the right to ___49___ them down, take their lands, pollute their waters, or use them for our conveniences. Animals also experience pain and it’s not difficult to observe __50__ of pain in the way a conscious being reacts to it. We take advantage, cause distress, and act __51__ when we use animals for amusement. Lots of pets are ___52_ on the streets when their owners no longer find it convenient or affordable to keep or care for them.Whether we admit it or not, it’s a prejudice to think we are ___53___ to animals and that it is our right to control them, which can only make people act mean, hateful or neglectful. However, each of us has within us the power to ___54___. We can adopt a different attitude, one that reshape our destiny. This will have wonderful effects on the planet’s other communities, for life is ___55___ avoiding suffering. It is interacting, singing, pursuing joy. We humans can learn to live responsibly, with respect, kindness and love.41. A. companies B. goods C. insects D. providers42. A. active B. conscious C. intelligent D. strange43. A. Indeed B. Moreover C. Nevertheless D. Otherwise44. A. followers B. friends C. masters D. tutors45. A. necessary B. neglected C. respected D. revolutionary46. A. distinguish B. eliminate C. exploit D. raise47. A. animal-free B. eco-friendly C. low-salt D. well-balanced48. A. conflict B. confusion C. isolation D. misery49. A. calm B. chase C. pull D. tear50. A. signs B. symbols C. symptoms D. performances51. A. differently B. enthusiastically C. gently D. unfairly52. A. abandoned B. chosen C. oppressed D. spoiled53. A. accessible B. appealing C. reasonable D. superior54. A. change B. dominate C. persist D. proceed55. A. contrary to B. more than C. owing to D. rather thanA new idea called …business at the speed of thought‟ is quite popular in business world. It makes quick marketing progress, but it also presents a 41______ way to run a c ompany. Here‟re the main 42________ : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances must be seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected 43 to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the expense of 44_____ understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gather information within a short time, but does it really 45_____ up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the 46______ for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That5s the 47______ on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It‟s also a ___48___ of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions has either ____49__ or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are 50______ too easily. Aims never seem to be clear.____51____ , good records aren‟t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests ___52___ the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that. But decisions are only as good as the 53____ go into them. By that measure, many of today‟s decisions are weak and could 54_____ some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of _55_____ ,butit‟s going to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.41. A. numerous B. clear C. dangerous D. bright42. A. points B. matters C. solution D. barriers43. A. response B. rejection C. acceptance D. methods44. A. rapidly B. properly C. timely D. widely45. A. arouse B. cultivate C. decline D. speed46. A. technique B. thirst C. passion D. need47. A. idea B. thought C. doubt D. puzzle48. A. subject B. aim C. project D. discovery49. A. decreased B. changed C. increased D. lengthened50. A. made B. accepted C. dismissed D. discussed51. A. Otherwise B. On the contrary C. For example D. Therefore52. A. setting aside B. breaking out C. turning out D. taking apart53. A. questions B. thoughts C. eyes D. brains54. A. cut up B. cut off C. turn down D. turn off55. A. expanding B. running C. thought D. explorationThe two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and the extended family. To a large extent, these patterns 41.________ a society's primary subsistence (存在) strategy.American social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill four crucial social 42.________ : (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization of children to values, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support for members. Although we can define the family 43.________ its functions, the emphasis given to each of them varies widely both geographically and 44.________ . For example, in nineteenth-century America, people married mainly to have children. Today, emotional support among family members has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become an economic unit for consumption rather than for 45.________.In recent years, social scientists have discovered important 46.________in family types, such as the single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin（亲戚）. American families also 47.________ according to social class. A couple's social class affects the number of children they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of 48.________to the family because of illness, death, or divorce. Social class also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likely to undergo and the way parents raise their children.49.________, the extent to which American families now differ by 50.________appears to be much less than it was fifty years ago.The American family has been 51.________ in a number of ways over the past few decades. Many people are marrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all. These social changes have 52.________ diverse household patterns, including single-person households and childless couples. Role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue 53.________ and share family responsibilities.Many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriage while increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. In this way, families are 54________ such broad social trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a rising rate of divorce. Undoubtedly, the American family will continue to be subjected to such pressures, but how 55.________ will these future adaptations be?41. A. reflect B. change C. confirm D. replace42. A. performances B. activities C. relations D. functions43. A. with regard to B. in terms of C.in combination with D. for the purpose of44. A. racially B. financially C. historically D. spiritually45. A. inhabitation B. competition C. connection D. production46. A. variations B. units C. arrangements D. characteristics47. A. develop B. extend C. differ D. evolve48. A. contribution B. destruction C. combination D. application49. A. Therefore B. Also C. Contrarily D. However50. A. family size B. work pressure C. economic status D. social class51. A. expanding B. divided C. valued D. changing52. A. focus on B. resulted in C. appealed to D. called for53. A. trends B. study C. careers D. goals54. A. adapting to B. dealing with C. worrying about D. getting rid of55. A. sociable B. available C. extensive D. natural8，闵行区Celebrities, in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific ____41____. Besides, fashion magazines have almost ____42____ the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. ____43____, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ____44____ consumers, while today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top ____45____. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale ____46____, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who ____47____ his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it ____48____ to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, ____49____ returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.Today, celebrities face even more severe ____50____. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover(逆转) has ____51____ as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him ____52____ has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for ____53____ is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____54____ as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity - has always been ____55____. So the next time celebritie s introduce their lines of fashion, let’s just wait and see how long they will stay.41. A. film B. character C. product D. magazine42. A. abandoned B. promoted C. enhanced D. developed43. A. All in all B. As a result C. Above all D. On the contrary44. A. wealthy B. famous C. special D. ordinary45. A. technologies B. brands C. studios D. producers46. A. rapidly B. moderately C. reluctantly D. carefully47. A. ignored B. disapproved C. overvalued D. estimated48. A. intends B. fails C. manages D. strengthens49. A. loyalty B. promotion C. regret D. disappointment50. A. depression B. failure C. punishment D. embarrassment51. A. slowed down B. called off C. speeded up D. faded away52. A. fame B. fortune C. trouble D. risk53. A. information B. knowledge C. reputation D. expansion54. A. audience B. fashion C. charm D. performance55. A. admirable B. productive C. temporary D. respectable9，浦东新区Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ — runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads (蔗蟾蜍) and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial (无争议的) are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain’s invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity (多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportunists.The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature — to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing (杂交). Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming __51__ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a(n) __52__ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly __53__ and should be fought: the Nile perch – a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to __54__ pathogens (病菌), especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a good idea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no apace to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden __55__. That is universally accepted.41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C. disappeared D. harvested42. A. conserve B. eliminate C. investigate D. prioritize43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable44. A. As a result B. For example C. By contrast D. In fact45. A. attraction B. dominance C. annoyance D. substitute46. A. increases B. destroys C. reveals D. targets47. A. oppressed B. disturbed C. cultivated D. preserved48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing49. A. fuel(l)ed B. organized C. interrupted D. greeted50. A. civilization B. interference C. interaction D. maintenance51. A. tolerable B. impossible C. beneficial D. critical52. A. reluctant B. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced53. A. damaging B. flexible C. doubtful D. outstanding54. A. pick up B. take in C. keep out D. turn down55. A. agriculture B. vegetation C. atmosphere D. nature10，普陀区A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community service on that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreation。

崇明区2017～2018英语高三一模

崇明区2017～2018英语高三一模摘要：1.崇明区2017-2018 英语高三一模概述2.2017-2018 英语高三一模的试题特点3.2017-2018 英语高三一模的备考策略正文：【崇明区2017-2018 英语高三一模概述】崇明区2017-2018 英语高三一模，即崇明区2017-2018 学年度高三第一次英语模拟考试，是对高三学生英语水平的一次重要测验。

这次模拟考试旨在帮助学生了解自己的英语水平，发现问题并及时进行改进，为即将到来的高考做好充分的准备。

【2017-2018 英语高三一模的试题特点】2017-2018 英语高三一模的试题特点主要体现在以下几个方面：1.试题结构合理，覆盖面广。

试题涵盖了听力、单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、任务型阅读、短文改错、书面表达等多个方面，全面检测学生的英语综合运用能力。

2.试题难度适中，注重基础。

试题难度既考虑到学生的实际水平，又有一定的挑战性，旨在考查学生对英语基础知识的掌握程度。

3.试题内容贴近生活，注重实际应用。

试题内容涉及日常生活、社会热点、文化差异等方面，强调学生在实际情境中运用英语的能力。

【2017-2018 英语高三一模的备考策略】面对2017-2018 英语高三一模，学生可以采取以下策略进行备考：1.系统复习，打好基础。

学生应该从语法、词汇、听力、阅读等方面进行系统复习，确保自己的英语基础知识扎实。

2.大量练习，提高做题速度和准确率。

学生可以通过做历年真题、模拟题等，提高自己的做题速度和准确率。

3.培养阅读习惯，提高阅读理解能力。

学生应该多读英文文章，积累词汇和语法结构，同时培养快速捕捉信息的能力。

4.创设实际情境，提高口语表达能力。

学生可以与同学、老师进行英语口语交流，或者进行自我录音，评估自己的口语表达能力。

5.保持积极心态，树立信心。

高三学生面临诸多压力，保持积极的心态，树立信心，是备考过程中不可或缺的一环。

最新2017年上海市崇明县高三英语一模

2017 崇明Suspended CoffeeHow about buying a cup of coffee for someone you’ll never meet?The idea, begun in Naples, Italy, and called“Suspended Coffee”一 i.e., a customer pays for a coffee and “banks”it for someone (21)___________ (fortunate) —has become an international internet sensation(轰动) with coffee shops in Europe and North America (22) ___________ (participate) in the movement. The Facebook page alone has more than 28,000 “likes”.The tradition of“suspended coffee” is a long-standing tradition in Italy (23)__________ increased in popularity after the Second World War. Recently the practice was starting to take hold in other European countries (24) ___________ (hit) hard economically.Homegrown Hamilton, a coffee chain of Canada, has decided to join the effort. “It’s a fantastic initiative (25) ___________we decided to help out. We had been doing it pretty much anyway, just not under a banner. During the winter, we were giving away coffee or soup to the homeless,” said man ager Mike Pattison, “Staff members are always close to the coffeehouse’ front door, and (26) ___________ they see someone walking by who looks like they want, a coffee but can’t afford it, they approach that person. If the offer (27) ___________ (accept), they provide the coffee.”However, not everyone supports the idea.In a posting on the website, Consumerist, columnist Laura Northrup raises (28) ___________ number of objections, including that coffee isn’t nutritious food for people who are hungry and (29) ___________ the action could resultin“greedy people” aking advantage of others’ kindness. He says people (30) ___________ consider other ways to help.Smart Phone Application Tracks Mental HealthMilitary service is obviously rough on a service member’s mental health. According to some 31____, 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four monthsof returning home after leaving the army.The military is spending more money than ever to 32____mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after leaving the army. The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to 33____ emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening at work or in the home. The smart phone app isn’t supposed to be a pocket 34 ____, though. It serves more as an extremely accurate and 35 ____record of a service mem ber’s mental health.Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for TeleHealth and Technology, where this smart phone app was created. He says this smart phone app will produce much more accurate results on the36 ____conditions of service members who have returned home.“Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patient 37____ when trying to gather information about symptoms over the previous weeks or months,” Bosmajian said.“Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be 38____. The best record of an experience is when it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post-traumatic (受伤后的）stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a(n) 39____ that can be observed by physicians and therapists. The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became 40____ on the Android Market a year ago. Users of iPhones can also have access to the app some time next year.Directions MatterJet lag(时差感）may be the worst part of travelling, and it hits many people harder travelling east than west. Why they feel this way is 41________, but scientists recently developed a new model that provides an explanation for the mystery and insights on recovering from jet lag.The model imitates the way neuronal oscillator cells (神经振子细胞）42________ crossing timezones. These cells in our brains 43 ________our biological docks. However，the cells don’t quite operate on a perfect 24-hour schedule. Instead, their activity follows a 44________ that lasts slightly longer than that, about 24.5 hours. According to Michelle Girvan, an associate professor of physics at the University of Maryland and a co-author of the study, that means it’s 45________ for us to extend the length of a day—for example, by flying west across time zones—than to shorten the day, by flying east.The scientists found that for 46________ travel, a person who crossed three time zones would fully 47________in a little less than four days. For six time zones, recovery would take about six days. For nine time zones, the recovery would take just less than eight days.However, when a person travels eastward, the recovery time doesn’t match up as 48________. When a person crosses three time zones going east, it takes a little more than four days to recover. For six time zones, the recovery time 49________ to more than eight days. And for nine time zones, the recovery period is more than 12 days.Girvan noted that not everyone has a biological clock of exactly 24.5 hours.50________ , it varies from person to person. The other factor to consider is 51________ cues such as sunlight, Girvan added. How a person reacts to these cues can also 52________how quickly he or she will adjust to a new time zone.The scientists hope that their new model can be used in the future to figure out the best ways to 53________ jet lag. For example, if you will be traveling six time zones eastward, start by setting your clock ahead an hour or two several days before you leave. And when you arrive in a new time zone, make sure that the outside cues you are exposed to 54 ________the new time zone. That means that if it’s daytime in the new time zone, expose yourself to sunlight. And if it’s nighttime, avoid artificial 55________, including those from smartphones and computers, to help your biological clock adjust.41. A. incredible B. apparent C. surprising D. unclear42. A. cope with B. account for C. respond to D. result in43. A. kick B. watch C. stop D. regulate44. A. cycle B. routine C. process D. pattern45. A. safer B. easier C. more dangerous D. more difficult46. A. eastward B. southward C. westward D. northward47. A. adjust B. understand C. prepare D.change48. A. relatively B. nicely C. classically D. awkwardly49. A. reduces B. jumps C. contributes D. leads50. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. However D. Rather51. A. external B. verbal C. social D. chemical52. A. promote B. emphasize C. impact D. orient53. A. form B. endure C. shelter D. beat54. A. specify B. match C. shift D. destroy55. A. lights B. barriers C. flavours D. soundsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A woman standing over six feet tall and weighing about 200 pounds is bound to make an impression. But in Mary Fields’ case, these features were outmatched by a heart of gold that made her legendary(传奇的).Born into slavery in Tennessee in 1832 or 1833, Mary had nothing, not even a date of birth. However, in her early years, she found something of truly lasting value—a friend named Dolly. In addition to friendship, Dolly also may have taught Mary to read and write, an invaluable advantage for slaves. At the end of America’s Civil War, Mary finally received her freedom and made her own way out into the world. Mary was employed on a steamboat as a maid when she received word from Dolly, now a nun （修女）in Ohio called Mother Amadeus. Mary arrived in Ohio in 1878 and worked at Amadeus’ girls’ school, managing the kitchen and garden. She became known as a gun-carrying, cigar-smoking woman, but also as an example of kindness and reliability. After a few years, though, Amadeus was sent to another school out West in Montana, becoming the first black woman to settle in central Montana.When Mary was in her 50s, a sick Mother Amadeus called her West. So Mary made her way to the small town of Cascade, Montana, to nurse Amadeus to health. She did this and more, running supplies and visitors to St. Peter’s Mission where Amadeus lived. Once when her wagon(四轮马车) overturned, she guarded the delivery from wolves through the night.But Mary's rough edges caused the local bishop (主教) to prohibit her from working at the mission. Mother Amadeus then set her up as the first African-American female employee of the U.S. Postal Service. Though in her 60s, Mary was such a dependable mail carrier that she earned the name“tagecoach” Mary. She became a beloved figure in Cascade. She was the only woman allowed in the saloon (酒馆), was thebaseball team’s biggest fan and was given free meals in the town hotel.Nearly 70, Mary quit delivering the mail but rema ined in Cascade. The town’s school closed to celebrate her unknown birthday twice a year. When she passed away in 1914,a simple cross was placed to mark her grave and her legend in the Wild West.56. What about Mary Fields impressed people most?A. Her tall and fat figure.B. Her reputation as an educated slave.C. Her friendliness and responsibility.D. Her habit of carrying a gun and smoking.57. Which of the following shows Mary’s life experience in the order of time?①Mary began to deliver mail in Cascade.②Mary worked in a school in Montana.③Mary was taught to read and write.④Mary took care of sick Amadeus.⑤Mary worked on a steamed boat.A.⑤①③②④ B•⑤④②①③ C.②④⑤③① D.③⑤②④①58. Mary became a mail carrier because . ,A. people in Cascade loved herB. she once worked at St. Peter’s MissionC. Mother Amadeus recommended herD. the US Postal Service needed a female employee59. In the last paragraph, t4her legend" most probably refers to .A. her high social statusB. her unusual life as a pioneerC. her friendship with Amadeus.D. her role in the liberation of slaves (B) JENISON PUBLIC SCHOOLSPart Time Enrollment(Home School Elective Courses)Grades 1-12Jenison International Academy is excited to offer online, nonessential courses to international students. Kindly view the online elective options, as well as the enrollment process, below. The application window for part time enrollments will close on Friday, December 30, 2016.Online Courses Offered Grades 1-12Elective OpportunitiesPlease click to view our Elective Course Offerings.Part Time Enrollment at JIAStudents participating in the program are allowed to enroll in up to 4 elective courses each semester, and have the option to take 100% of their courses online or create a schedule combination of online and on-campus courses at Jenison Public Schools, which may also include Tech Center, Co-op, and other qualified programs. Student Application ProcessSTEP 1: Online PreparationPlease review the following Interactive Online Readiness Criteria. Please keep this form for your own records. Online Readiness CriteriaSTEP 2: Submit Forms & DocumentationBy completing the Part Time Enrollment Application, applicants are fulfilling the Virtual Learning and District-Required Documentation.Printed ApplicationParents or guardians can download, print, and complete the JIA Enrollment paperwork & JPS District Application. Mail, scan or fax all completed paperwork using the contact information provided on the first page. Printed ApplicationAdditional Required Documentation can be found within the enrollment packet . An email will be sent to the parent or guardian email account when a completed application has been received. Upon review and approval, a welcome message and course selection email will be issued to the same address.60. The courses are designed for .A. high-level students who are studying in Jenison Public SchoolsB. international students whose parents work in Jenison Public SchoolsC. foreign students who can’t study full time in Jenison Inte rnational AcademyD. graduate students who want a part-time job in Jenison International Academy61. To get enrolled, one should .A. prepare both online and offlineB. print the Online Readiness CriteriaC. contact JIA in person beforehandD. email the J1A Enrollment paperwork62. What can be learned from the webpage?A. The enrollment should be applied on December 30, 2016.B. The parent or guardian needs to have an email account.C. The students need to study at least 8 courses each year.D. The courses can only be learned online. (C)Two heads are better than one, according to the old saying. So why are groups with lots of“heads” known for making bad decisions? Why does “groupthink”immediately mean ineffectiveness and mistakes?These questions are answered in a fascinating new book called Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter, written by Cass R. Sunstein, a former White House official, and Reid Hastie, an academic specialized in the psychology of decision making. Building on their combined experiences and research, Sunstein and Hastie analyze what goes wrong in group decision-making, and then offer clear-out solutions to overcome these problems.Group decision-making involves discussions among members of a group, each with their own skills, experience, ideas and information. Unfortunately, as the authors explain, there are two types of influence on group members—informational signals and social pressures—which skew (扭曲）the discussions. Informational signals cause people to keep information to themselves when it disagrees with information from others, especially leaders. Social pressures cause people to keep information to themselves to avoid punishment from leaders who are denied.These influences lead to four problems, the authors write: Instead of correcting the errors of their members, groups actually expand those errors; cascade effects (联级效应）take over when the group follows whomever spoke first or loudest; groups become more extreme in their ideas, as the internal discussions strengthen their predisposed（预先有倾向的）thoughts; and groups focus on shared information instead of unshared information.Having laid out the core problems, the authors offer solutions. They begin with a list of methods aimed at handling the four core problems, such as:Leaders have to keep quiet and convince group members that they sincerely want to hear all ideas.Group success should be rewarded. Group members must understand that if the group is right, everyone benefits; this will encourage them to ensure that they find the right answer instead of pushing their own ideas.Group members should be assigned specific roles, thus ensuring that everyone contributes.Either individuals or assigned teams should be tasked with acting as devil’s advocates (唱反调的人).Groups also fail, the author writes, because they don’t distinguish between the early rounds of discussions, in which all ideas must be allowed on the table, and the final rounds of discussions, in which groups must be tight and analytical as they seek the accurate solution. Successful groups will deliberately separate the two processes.In another approach, the authors demonstrate that the wisdom of crowds will often lead to the right answer if a majority of crowd members know their material. Decision-makers often prefer to rely on one single expert, but“chasing the expert”significantly reduces the probability of getting the decision right.Wiser is a quick, engaging and thoughtful read that convincingly argues that, with a few simple steps and open-minded leadership, group discussions can, indeed, lead to wiser decisions.63. The passage is mainly written to .A. make an advertisement for a new bookB. introduce the main points of a new bookC. prove that two heads are better than oneD. show how to make groupthink more effective64. According to the passage, groups sometimes make bad decisions because some members .A. are critical of othersB. are punished by the leaderC. disagree with the leaderD. do not share different ideas65. Which of the following can help improve the effectiveness of groupthink?A. An expert helps to make the final decision.B. Team success is advocated with positive measures.C. No one is allowed to put forward their disagreement.D. Leaders don’t express their own opinions in the process.66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Wiser may be welcomed by decision-makers.B. Wiser can change decision-makers’ attitude towards work.C. The more people in the group, the better decision will be made.D. The final rounds of discussions are the most important in decision-making. Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day.B. Children don't seem to mind that they have a tutor.C. Diagnostic tests can help take into account the areas of study needing special review and emphasis.D. Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules.E. Children work cooperatively with their private tutors.F. Nor is it aimed only at lower-achieving students.Tutoring a New NormalIt’s not piano lessons or dance lessons. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity in the West is going to a tutor. “I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It’s costly,” says Pet, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, “after finding out half my daughter’s class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead.”Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. “When I used to sit dow n with my children, it was hard to get them focused.I was always shouting. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done.”Tutoring isn’t simply a private school phenomenon. 67________ In Canada alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. 68 ________As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.69________ “A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework,” says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. “Others couldn’t help their children after Grade 3.”There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. “Children used to get bullied(欺侮）for having a tutor,” Diamond says. “Now it’s becoming the norm to have one.”________One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. “For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need，” she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actually asked for one.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Gene Therapy“We used to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that, in large measure, our fate is in our genes,” said James Watson. Watson is a molecular (分子的）biologist and co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are seeing that gene therapy is revolutionizing the treatment of disease.In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective(有缺陷的）cells to prevent or cure disease. While much of the research is in the beginning stages, some successes point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic disease with gene therapy. This disease most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inserting normal, healthy genetic material into a vims and then infecting the patients, scientists seem to be able to cure the disease. Although the children given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.Gene therapy has also been used to help older patients. These people suffer from a disease that causes slow movement and uncontrollable shaking because part of the brain dies. Those treated with gene therapy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Researchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic disease will have gene therapy as its treatment. But more research is needed to assure its safety.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 你是否赞成为贫困学生设立一项基金？（approve)73. 不可否认的是上海迪斯尼乐园每天人满为患。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

2017 崇明Suspended CoffeeHow about buying a cup of coffee for someone you’ll never meet?The idea, begun in Naples, Italy, and called “Suspended Coffee”一i.e., a customer pays for a coffee and “banks”it for someone (21) ___________ (fortunate) —has become an international internet sensation(轰动) with coffee shops in Europe and North America (22)___________ (participate) in the movement. The Facebook page alone has more than 28,000 “likes”.The tradition of “suspended coffee” is a long-standing tradition in Italy (23)__________ increased in popularity after the Second World War. Recently the practice was starting to take hold in other European countries (24) ___________ (hit) hard economically.Homegrown Hamilton, a coffee chain of Canada, has decided to join the effort. “It’s a fantastic initiative (25) ___________ we decided to help out. We had been doing it pretty much anyway, just not under a banner. During the winter, we were giving away coffee or soup to the homeless,” said man ager Mike Pattison, “Staff members are always close to the coffeehouse’ front door, and (26) ___________ they see someone walking by who looks like they want, a coffee but can’t afford it, they approach that person. If the offer (27) ___________ (accept), they provide the coffee.”However, not everyone supports the idea.In a posting on the website, Consumerist, columnist Laura Northrup raises (28)___________ number of objections, including that coffee isn’t nutritious food for people who are hungry and (29) ___________ the action could result in “greedy people” aking advantage of others’ kindness. He says people (30) ___________ consider other ways to help.Smart Phone Application Tracks Mental HealthMilitary service is obviously rough on a service member’s mental health. According to some31____, 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four monthsof returning home after leaving the army.The military is spending more money than ever to 32____mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after leaving the army. The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to 33____ emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening at work or in the home. The smart phone app isn’t supposed to be a pocket 34 ____, though. It serves more as an extremely accurate and 35____record of a service mem ber’s mental health.Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for TeleHealth and Technology, where this smart phone app was created. He says this smart phone app will produce much more accurate results on the36 ____conditions of service members who have returned home. “Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patient 37____ when trying to gather information about symptoms over the previous weeks or months,” Bosmajian said.“Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be 38____. The best record of an experience is when it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post-traumatic (受伤后的）stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a(n) 39____ that can be observed by physicians and therapists.The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became 40____ on the Android Market a year ago. Users of iPhones can also have access to the app some time next year.Directions MatterJet lag(时差感）may be the worst part of travelling, and it hits many people harder travelling east than west. Why they feel this way is 41________, but scientists recently developed a newmodel that provides an explanation for the mystery and insights on recovering from jet lag.The model imitates the way neuronal oscillator cells (神经振子细胞）42________ crossing time zones. These cells in our brains 43 ________our biological docks. However，the cells don’t quite operate on a perfect 24-hour schedule. Instead, their activity follows a 44________ that lasts slightly longer than that, about 24.5 hours. According to Michelle Girvan, an associate professor of physics at the University of Maryland and a co-author of the study, that means it’s 45________ for us to extend the length of a day—for example, by flying west across time zones—than to shorten the day, by flying east.The scientists found that for 46________ travel, a person who crossed three time zones would fully 47________in a little less than four days. For six time zones, recovery would take about six days. For nine time zones, the recovery would take just less than eight days.However, when a person travels eastward, the recovery time doesn’t match up as48________. When a person crosses three time zones going east, it takes a little more than four days to recover. For six time zones, the recovery time 49________ to more than eight days. And for nine time zones, the recovery period is more than 12 days.Girvan noted that not everyone has a biological clock of exactly 24.5 hours. 50________ , it varies from person to person. The other factor to consider is 51________ cues such as sunlight, Girvan added. How a person reacts to these cues can also 52________how quickly he or she will adjust to a new time zone.The scientists hope that their new model can be used in the future to figure out the best ways to 53________ jet lag. For example, if you will be traveling six time zones eastward, start by setting your clock ahead an hour or two several days before you leave. And when you arrive in a new time zone, make sure that the outside cues you are exposed to 54 ________the new time zone. That means that if it’s daytime in the new time zone, expose yourself to sunlight. And if it’s nighttime, avoid artificial 55________, including those from smartphones and computers, to help your biological clock adjust.41. A. incredible B. apparent C. surprising D. unclear42. A. cope with B. account for C. respond to D. result in43. A. kick B. watch C. stop D. regulate44. A. cycle B. routine C. process D. pattern45. A. safer B. easier C. more dangerous D. more difficult46. A. eastward B. southward C. westward D. northward47. A. adjust B. understand C. prepare D.change48. A. relatively B. nicely C. classically D. awkwardly49. A. reduces B. jumps C. contributes D. leads50. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. However D. Rather51. A. external B. verbal C. social D. chemical52. A. promote B. emphasize C. impact D. orient53. A. form B. endure C. shelter D. beat54. A. specify B. match C. shift D. destroy55. A. lights B. barriers C. flavours D. soundsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A woman standing over six feet tall and weighing about 200 pounds is bound to make an impression. But in Mary Fields’ case, these features were outmatched by a heart of gold that made her legendary(传奇的).Born into slavery in Tennessee in 1832 or 1833, Mary had nothing, not even a date of birth. However, in her early years, she found something of truly lasting value—a friend named Dolly. In addition to friendship, Dolly also may have taught Mary to read and write, an invaluable advantage for slaves. At the end of America’s Civil War, Mary finally received her freedom and made her own way out into the world.Mary was employed on a steamboat as a maid when she received word from Dolly, now a nun （修女）in Ohio called Mother Amadeus. Mary arrived in Ohio in 1878 and worked at Amadeus’ girls’ school, managing the kitchen and garden. She became known as a gun-carrying, cigar-smoking woman, but also as an example of kindness and reliability. After a few years, though, Amadeus was sent to another school out West in Montana, becoming the first black woman to settle in central Montana.When Mary was in her 50s, a sick Mother Amadeus called her West. So Mary made her way to the small town of Cascade, Montana, to nurse Amadeus to health. She did this and more, running supplies and visitors to St. Peter’s Mission where Amadeus lived. Once when her wagon(四轮马车) overturned, she guarded the delivery from wolves through the night.But Mary's rough edges caused the local bishop (主教) to prohibit her from working at the mission. Mother Amadeus then set her up as the first African-American female employee of the U.S. Postal Service. Though in her 60s, Mary was such a dependable mail carrier that she earned the name“tagecoach” Mary. She became a beloved figure in Cascade. She was the only woman allowed in the saloon (酒馆), was the baseball team’s biggest fan and was given free meals in the town hotel.Nearly 70, Mary quit delivering the mail but remained in Cascade. The town’s school closed to celebrate her unknown birthday twice a year. When she passed away in 1914, a simple cross was placed to mark her grave and her legend in the Wild West.56. What about Mary Fields impressed people most?A. Her tall and fat figure.B. Her reputation as an educated slave.C. Her friendliness and responsibility.D. Her habit of carrying a gun and smoking.57. Which of the following shows Mary’s life experience in the order of time?①Mary began to deliver mail in Cascade.②Mary worked in a school in Montana.③Mary was taught to read and write.④Mary took care of sick Amadeus.⑤Mary worked on a steamed boat.A.⑤①③②④B•⑤④②①③C.②④⑤③①D.③⑤②④①58. Mary became a mail carrier because. ,A. people in Cascade loved herB. she once worked at St. Peter’s MissionC. Mother Amadeus recommended herD. the US Postal Service needed a female employee59. In the last paragraph, t4her legend" most probably refers to.A. her high social statusB. her unusual life as a pioneerC. her friendship with Amadeus.D. her role in the liberation of slaves (B)JENISON PUBLIC SCHOOLSPart Time Enrollment(Home School Elective Courses)Grades 1-12Jenison International Academy is excited to offer online, nonessential courses to international students. Kindly view the online elective options, as well as the enrollment process, below. The application window for part time enrollments will close on Friday, December 30, 2016.Online Courses Offered Grades 1-12Elective OpportunitiesPlease click to view our Elective Course Offerings.Part Time Enrollment at JIAStudents participating in the program are allowed to enroll in up to 4 elective courses each semester, and have the option to take 100% of their courses online or create a schedule combination of online and on-campus courses at Jenison Public Schools, which may also include Tech Center, Co-op, and other qualified programs.Student Application ProcessSTEP 1: Online PreparationPlease review the following Interactive Online Readiness Criteria. Please keep this form for your own records. Online Readiness CriteriaSTEP 2: Submit Forms & DocumentationBy completing the Part Time Enrollment Application, applicants are fulfilling the Virtual Learning and District-Required Documentation.Printed ApplicationParents or guardians can download, print, and complete the JIA Enrollment paperwork & JPS District Application. Mail, scan or fax all completed paperwork using the contact information provided on the first page. Printed ApplicationAdditional Required Documentation can be found within the enrollment packet .An email will be sent to the parent or guardian email account when a completed application has been received. Upon review and approval, a welcome message and course selection email will be issued to the same address.60. The courses are designed for.A. high-level students who are studying in Jenison Public SchoolsB. international students whose parents work in Jenison Public SchoolsC. foreign students who can’t study full time in Jenison International AcademyD. graduate students who want a part-time job in Jenison International Academy61. To get enrolled, one should.A. prepare both online and offlineB. print the Online Readiness CriteriaC. contact JIA in person beforehandD. email the J1A Enrollment paperwork62. What can be learned from the webpage?A. The enrollment should be applied on December 30, 2016.B. The parent or guardian needs to have an email account.C. The students need to study at least 8 courses each year.D. The courses can only be learned online. (C)Two heads are better than one, according to the old saying. So why are groups with lotsof“heads” known for making bad decisions?Why does “groupthink” immediately mean ineffectiveness and mistakes?These questions are answered in a fascinating new book called Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make Groups Smarter, written by Cass R. Sunstein, a former White House official, and Reid Hastie, an academic specialized in the psychology of decision making. Building on their combined experiences and research, Sunstein and Hastie analyze what goes wrong in group decision-making, and then offer clear-out solutions to overcome these problems.Group decision-making involves discussions among members of a group, each with their own skills, experience, ideas and information. Unfortunately, as the authors explain, there are two types of influence on group members—informational signals and social pressures—which skew (扭曲）the discussions. Informational signals cause people to keep information to themselves when it disagrees with information from others, especially leaders. Social pressures cause people to keep information to themselves to avoid punishment from leaders who are denied.These influences lead to four problems, the authors write: Instead of correcting the errors of their members, groups actually expand those errors; cascade effects (联级效应）take over when the group follows whomever spoke first or loudest; groups become more extreme in their ideas, as the internal discussions strengthen their predisposed（预先有倾向的）thoughts; and groups focus on shared information instead of unshared information.Having laid out the core problems, the authors offer solutions. They begin with a list of methods aimed at handling the four core problems, such as:Leaders have to keep quiet and convince group members that they sincerely want to hear all ideas. Group success should be rewarded. Group members must understand that if the group is right, everyone benefits; this will encourage them to ensure that they find the right answer instead of pushing their own ideas.Group members should be assigned specific roles, thus ensuring that everyone contributes.Either individuals or assigned teams should be tasked with acting as devil’s advocates (唱反调的人).Groups also fail, the author writes, because they don’t distinguish between the early rounds of discussions, in which all ideas must be allowed on the table, and the final rounds of discussions, in which groups must be tight and analytical as they seek the accurate solution. Successful groups will deliberately separate the two processes.In another approach, the authors demonstrate that the wisdom of crowds will often lead to the right answer if a majority of crowd members know their material. Decision-makers often prefer to rely on one single expert, but“chasing the expert” significantly reduces the probability of getting the decision right.Wiser is a quick, engaging and thoughtful read that convincingly argues that, with a few simple steps and open-minded leadership, group discussions can, indeed, lead to wiser decisions.63. The passage is mainly written to.A. make an advertisement for a new bookB. introduce the main points of a new bookC. prove that two heads are better than oneD. show how to make groupthink more effective64. According to the passage, groups sometimes make bad decisions because some members.A. are critical of othersB. are punished by the leaderC. disagree with the leaderD. do not share different ideas65. Which of the following can help improve the effectiveness of groupthink?A. An expert helps to make the final decision.B. Team success is advocated with positive measures.C. No one is allowed to put forward their disagreement.D. Leaders don’t express their own opinions in the process.66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Wiser may be welcomed by decision-makers.B. Wiser can change decision-makers’ attitude towards work.C. The more people in the group, the better decision will be made.D. The final rounds of discussions are the most important in decision-making. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day.B. Children don't seem to mind that they have a tutor.C. Diagnostic tests can help take into account the areas of study needing special review and emphasis.D. Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules.E. Children work cooperatively with their private tutors.F. Nor is it aimed only at lower-achieving students.Tutoring a New NormalIt’s not piano lessons or dance lessons. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity in the West is going to a tutor. “I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It’s costly,” says Pet, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, “after finding out half my daughter’s class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead.”Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. “When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always shouting. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done.”Tutoring isn’t simply a private school phenomenon. 67________ In Canada alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year. Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. 68 ________As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.69________ “A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework,”says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. “Others couldn’t help their children after Grade 3.”There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. “Children used to get bullied(欺侮）for having a tutor,” Diamond says. “Now it’s becoming the norm to have one.”________One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. “For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need，” she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actually asked for one.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gene Therapy“We used to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that, in large measure, our fate is in our genes,” said James Watson. Watson is a molecular (分子的）biologist and co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are seeing that gene therapy is revolutionizing the treatment of disease.In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective(有缺陷的）cells to prevent or cure disease. While much of the research is in the beginning stages, some successes point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic disease with gene therapy. This disease most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inserting normal, healthy genetic material into a vims and then infecting the patients, scientists seem to be able to cure the disease. Although the children given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.Gene therapy has also been used to help older patients. These people suffer from a disease that causes slow movement and uncontrollable shaking because part of the brain dies. Those treated with gene therapy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Researchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic disease will have gene therapy as its treatment. But more research is needed to assure its safety.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 你是否赞成为贫困学生设立一项基金？（approve)73. 不可否认的是上海迪斯尼乐园每天人满为患。