09级课程设计

2009级课程设计任务：09级学生在12周内，完成一篇与自身专业方向相关的全英文作文。

要求：1.选择与自身专业方向（如国际商务英语方向、旅游与酒店管理、文秘方向）相关的话题，完成一篇作文。

可以从自身的实践谈，但必须与英语相关。

全文主要分成三部分：字数: 800-1200（即3-5页）a.介绍选题的原因，目的和意义。

b.正文部分进行详细阐述。

c.对全文进行总结，并得出相应的结论。

2.封面填写要求：a.字体：中文和数字三号宋体，不加粗；英文小三号Times New Romanb.系别专业: 外语系英语专业c.实验课程：课程设计d.班级: 填写方式与论文填写方式一样，即：2009级英语（旅游与酒店方向）* 班2009级英语（国际商务方向）* 班2009级英语（文秘方向）e.可在模版上根据自己的信息进行修改，但注意下划线长度一致。

3．成绩填写：a. 百分制：100%b. 成绩分布：4．导师指导修改及评分参考：a. 是否出现语法错误。

b. 全文结构安排是否合理，衔接过渡是否合乎逻辑。

c. 是否具有实践经验总结或指导意义。

5．正文格式如下：a.题目：Times New Roman小二，加粗，居中。

b.空一行开始正文，段首缩进2个字符c.全文分成三部分，每一部分不用小标题。

正文字体为Times New Roman小四。

1.5倍行距。

不加粗。

d.范文如下：成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院实验报告系别专业外语系英语专业实验课程课程设计指导教师谢璐学生姓名陈宾力班级2009级英语（旅游酒店与管理方向）1班学号2009511210Cultural Barrier in International BusinessNegotiationCommercial negotiations are not just something about the interests of each party for economic exchanges and cooperation, but also about the collision and communication, especially between different countries and ethnic groups. it is influenced by the respective state and national politics, economic, cultural and other factors, for all of them, cultural is the most complicated factor. Cultural gap would lead to collision and even conflict, what worse sometimes result in negotiation failure. Therefore correct understanding of cultural differences is quite important.There are many reasons for cultural barrier. Firstly, different concepts of interpersonal, in business negotiation, Chinese focus on not the subject of negotiatio n but establishing long cooperation relations. They often talk about something like social activities or other topics involving many broad fields before they know each other and develop the mutual trust relations. Then they will enter into the subject of negotiation. But for western, the subject of negotiation and transaction are the most important things. Secondly, different concepts of time, for Chinese people, the concept of punctuality is not so strong as western. They often change the time of date and some scheduled things randomly. But for western, every minute means that a new value will be produced. Fast pace of work and life made them believe that time is money. So their targets are to chase the profit and they take the supremacy of interest as their business principle. They always arrange their plans seriously and never do some tenements easily. Thirdly, different concepts of value, for some developing countries, collective interests above on anything else. But personal abilities also limited by this concept. They will more rely on the collective power of the country,other people, or other social organizations, when they struggle against the nature and seek personal survival and development in the social reality. But for western, personal interests are the most important. They stress personal abilities, personal initiative. Cultural barrier reflect in many area. Firstly, different communication mode of negotiating language, language is a bridge of any country, any region, and any people to communicate with each other. Although the negotiators have high suitability on using language in variety of cultural, the differences of language are obviously in international business negotiations. So the negotiating parties in different culture backgrounds have their own communication modes in international negotiations. In the meantime, not only the contents but also the use of language including the communication mode is important during negotiating process. And the negotiators cannot express their original meanings no matter them using the negotiating language excessive or less. Secondly, different negotiating style. Negotiating style is the main grace and style performance of negotiator in negotiating, including behavior, manner and the method on controlling the process of the negotiation. Eastern tend to conservative and pay more attention to status. Also they think the credit, the initial cooperation, mutually dependent relationship is very important. For western, business is business. And they adhere to a principle that we must treat people and things differently. They think economic interest is the most important. Time is the money and money is everything. Thirdly, different decision-making mode, the decision-making mode base on the way of thinking. Negotiators have different decision-making modes under different cultural backgrounds. For western, details are the most important things and they are fond of analyzing details first. On the contrary eastern are fond of analyzing the whole thing first and they think that looking a thing as a whole is the key. The whole thing is important but not to distinguish them as the primary or secondary. All we need to do is to set the overall framework before we discussing those details. What strategies we can take to overcome these cultural barriers in intercultural negotiations. At first, language strategy, respecting the negotiating partners always stand their position to consider things. In the meantime, when you talk about your own products, do not speak with these words like “I” “we”all the time. But take this strategy that you are always standing your negotiating partners’ position and take the attitudes of them. Changing the self-attitude to other-attitude, for example, you can express this words “We have a good select ion of this new winter clothes at China’s Autumn Export Commodities Fair” as “You can choose from a very good selection of the new winter clothes at China’s Autumn Export Commodities Fair”. Then changing your opposite attitudes to optimistic attitudes is happy to accept the cultural barrier. Second, the establishment of cross-cultural negotiating awareness, strengthening cultural negotiating awareness is necessary in international business negotiation. At first, knowing the difference of demanding, motivation and belief of negotiators in different cultural backgrounds are necessary. Second, learning to understand, accept and respect the other’s culture in order to voiding the cultural barrier. At last, overcoming the cultural barrier, we cannot see ourselves culture, because the culture is a part of ours. We do not know our culture so well that we always think there are no such differences in other countries. So the negative emotions appear w hen meet other’s different culture, even feel surprised and think that it’s impossible. In international business negotiation, we must overcome this and understand it seriously and accept the differences of other different culture.With the deepening of economic globalization, it become the main reason that the negotiating parties lack of understanding for other’s culture backgrounds and ignore the influence of cultural differences. Successful negotiation requires the negotiators exchange information smoothly. But those cultural barriers like different negotiating styles and different negotiating languages become problems in international business negotiations. So facing up to and learn to understanding negotiating partners’ different culture become necessary. Then it’s indispensable that training the negotiators’ abilities on mastering intercultural business negotiating knowledge, skills, right strategies and so on. The proper use of these skills and strategies will lead to the negotiators achieve success in international business negotiations.。