6th edition(伯南克教材习题答案)Abel_Bernanke_IM_C11
product of labor when the effort level is determined by the efficiency wage 3. The difference between labor supply and labor demand is the amount of unemployment 4. The fact that there’s unemployment puts no downward pressure on the real wage, since firms
226 Abel/Bernanke/Croushore • Macroeconomics, Sixth Edition
b. Another possibility is that a firm may want to pay high wages to get a stable labor force and avoid turnover costs—costs of hiring and training new workers
Chapter 11
Keynesianism: The Macroeconomics of Wage and Price Rigidity
Learning Objectives
I. Goals of Chapter 11 A) Present the central ideas of Keynesian macroeconomics 1. Wages and prices don’t adjust quickly to restore general equilibrium 2. The economy may be in disequilibrium for long periods of time 3. The government should act to stabilize the economy B) Discuss the potential causes of wage and price rigidity
Figure 11.1 4. The effort curve, plotting effort against the real wage, is S-shaped
a. At low levels of the real wage, workers make hardly any effort b. Effort rises as the real wage increases c. As the real wage becomes very high, effort flattens out as it reaches the maximum
5. Does the efficiency wage theory match up with the data? a. It seems to have worked for Henry Ford in 1914 b. Plants that pay higher wages appear to experience less shirking c. But the theory implies that the real wage is completely rigid, whereas the data suggests that the real wage moves over time and over the business cycle d. It is possible to jazz up the model to allow for the efficiency wage to change over time (1) Workers would be less likely to shirk and would work harder during a recession if the probability of losing their jobs increased (2) This would cause the effort curve to rise and may cause the efficiency wage to decline somewhat (3) This would lead to a lower real wage rate in recessions, which is consistent with the data
Chapter 11 Keynesianism: The Macroeconomics of Wage and Price Rigidity 227
E) Employment and Unemployment in the Efficiency Wage Model oyment and unemployment, depending on how far above the market-clearing wage is the efficiency wage (Figure 11.2)
know that if they reduce the real wage, effort will decline
Analytical Problem 5 takes a more sophisticated look at the labor market, dividing it into one sector with an efficiency wage and another sector in which the real wage equates labor demand and supply.
possible level D) Wage determination in the efficiency wage model
1. Given the effort curve, what determines the real wage firms will pay? 2. To maximize profit, firms choose the real wage that gets the most effort from workers for
II. Notes to Fifth Edition Users A) More recent evidence on sticky prices is discussed in Section 11.2 B) Box 11.2, “Japanese Macroeconomic Policy in the 1990s” was deleted C) An application on “The Zero Bound” was added, which explains the concern that monetary policymakers will face as interest rates approach zero D) A new Box 11.2 on “DSGE Models and the Classical-Keynesian Debate” was added
c. A third reason is that workers’ productivity may depend on the wages they’re paid—the efficiency wage model
C) The Efficiency Wage Model 1. Workers who feel well treated will work harder and more efficiently (the “carrot”); this is Akerlof’s gift exchange motive 2. Workers who are well paid won’t risk losing their jobs by shirking (the “stick”) 3. Both the gift exchange motive and shirking model imply that a worker’s effort depends on the real wage (Figure 11.1)
each dollar of real wages paid 3. This occurs at point B in Figure 11.1, where a line from the origin is just tangent to the effort
curve 4. The wage rate at point B is called the efficiency wage 5. The real wage is rigid, as long as the effort curve doesn’t change
F) Efficiency wages and the FE line 1. The FE line is vertical, as in the classical model, since full-employment output is determined in the labor market and doesn’t depend on the real interest rate 2. But in the Keynesian model, changes in labor supply don’t affect the FE line, since they don’t affect equilibrium employment
Teaching Notes
I. Real-Wage Rigidity (Sec. 11.1) A) Wage rigidity is important in explaining unemployment 1. In the classical model, unemployment is due to mismatches between workers and firms 2. Keynesians are skeptical, believing that recessions lead to substantial cyclical employment 3. To get a model in which unemployment persists, Keynesian theory posits that the real wage is slow to adjust to equilibrate the labor market B) Some reasons for real-wage rigidity 1. For unemployment to exist, the real wage must exceed the market-clearing wage 2. If the real wage is too high, why don’t firms reduce the wage? a. One possibility is that the minimum wage and labor unions prevent wages from being reduced (1) But most U.S. workers aren’t minimum wage workers, nor are they in unions (2) The minimum wage would explain why the nominal wage is rigid, but not why the real wage is rigid (3) This might be a better explanation in Europe, where unions are far more powerful
英语专业综合英语教程-第六册-课后练习答案(全)
Key to the Exercises--- An Integrated English Course - Book 6Unit 1 Technology in Reverse●Text ComprehensionI. CII. 1. F. Not all technology makes things complicated and wasteful; it is only retarded technology that makes things complicated and wasteful. Refer to Paragraph 1.2. T. Refer to Paragraph 5.3. F. It is true that the author acknowledges the great changes brought about by new technology, buthe believes these advantageous changes are often offset by a lot of technology-related waste. Refer to Paragraph 7.4. T. Refer to Paragraph 7.5. F. The author expresses his doubt in a sarcastic tone that cellular phones could really improvemarriages and save “family values”. Refer to Paragraph 9.● Language WorkI. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.1. highly regarded, intricate, attractive2. a sudden increase3. an event that will make you feel upset for a long time4. can supposedly help, at the same time5. need to be able to use6. we receive so many press releases that we find it difficult to deal with them7. an age where hi-tech has brought us noticeably great changes8. supposed, get away from us/be unattainable9. consequence, people who know nothing about technology, impeding10. usually, insignificantII. Fill in the banks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. customized2. traumatized3. promotional4. paradoxical5. frivolity6. subscribers7. successors8. inanities9. institutionalized10. subsidyIII. Fill in each of the blanks with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.1. are clogged with2. purports to3. a vista of4. bombarded…with5. exulted over6. scribbled all over7. find… alluring8. make a comeback9. call up10. tossed … into11. was eliminated12. compress… intoIV. Explain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence.1. weak2. entrance to3. full of4. be compensated for by having the same amount deducted from his tax5. shows all the signs of6. excitement and danger7. spent the afternoon discussing8. increase her confidence9. very often10. quick diveV. Correct the errors in the following passage.VI. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.1. millionaires2. computer3. breed4. programs5. companies6. generation7. popularity8. provide9. sales10. times11. valuable12. life● Translation1.The program offers long-term care for the mentally retarded.2.He’s got a cumbersome, bulky, old computer—it’s slow and complicated to use.3. He tried not to look conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room.4. It would cause a tremendous upheaval to install a different computer system.5. The gold medal continues to elude her.6. Yo u’d be a fool not to embrace an opportunity as good as that.7. Her salary will go up by a hefty 10%.8. I scrawled a quick note to Hilary and put it under her door.9. There’s a smashing view from her office.10 The trip out there was swell, but the hotel was a bit crummy.II. Translate the following passage into Chinese.在我成长的房子里有一间屋子，我们把它称作图书馆。
Book6_Workbook答案
Book 6Unit1 Art1.虽然我不是现代艺术方面的学者，但是去看展览的主意对我很有吸引力。
Although I’m not a scholar in contemporary art, the idea of going to the exhibiti6on appeals to me.2.你知道几何学在传统的西方艺术中曾被用来勾画绘画作品吗？Do you know the geometry was used to plan paintings in tradition Western art?3.埃及文明吸引着来自全世界各地的旅游者。
The civilization of Egypt attracts tourists from all over the world.4.陶土罐非常脆弱，所以需要小心处理。
The clay vases are fragile and so should be handled with care.5.我不仅见过那个伟大的雕塑家本人，还亲眼目睹他如何雕刻大理石像。
I have not only seen the great sculptor in the flesh, but also watched him carve a marble figure.6.你说你住在西城区，能具体一点吗？在哪条大街或哪条路？You said you lived in the West City District. Could you be a bit morespecific? In which avenue or street? 7.文艺复兴时期的壁画作品的视觉效果到今天仍让人印象深刻。
The visual effect of Renaissance wall paintings is still impressive today.Unit2.Poems1.报告的第二部分提到很多具体的问题，需要马上解决。
新编英语教程第六册练习册paraphrase答案
Unit 11. Nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than the sudden flash of light that leaves you a changed person--not only changed, but changed for the better.The most inspiring and gratifying fact of life is the unexpected spark of enlightenment that makes you different and a better person than before.2. He came across the street, finally, muffled in his ancient overcoat, shapeless felt hat pulled down over his bald head, looking more like an energetic gnome than an eminent psychiatrist.A t last he walked over from the other side of the street, wrapped in his old-fashioned overcoat, his bald head covered by a shapeless felt hat. He looked like a dwarfish old man full of energy rather than a well-known psychiatrist.3. The woman who spoke next had never married because of a sense of obligation to her widowed mother; she recalled bitterly all the marital chances she had let go by.The next speaker on the tape was a woman who had remained single because she thought she was obliged to take care of her mother who was a widow. She still remembered and told others miserably about all the chances of marriage she had missed.4. In the end, if you let it become a habit, it can become a real roadblock, an excuse for not trying any more.Eventually, if you f orm a habit of saying “if only”, the phrase can really turn to an obstruction, providing you with an excuse for giving up trying anything at all.5. ... you never got out of the past tense. Not once did you mention the future.…you are always thinking of the past, regretting and lamenting. You did not look forward to what you can do in the future at all.6. ''My, my,'' said the Old Man slyly. ''If only we had come down ten seconds sooner, we'd have caught that cab, wouldn't we?''The Old Man said to me tr ickily, using the phrase “if only” on purpose, “If only we’d got here ten seconds earlier, we’d have caught the cab.” I laughed and understood what he meant. So I followed his advice and said, “Next time I’ll run faster”.Unit 21. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edict to Pharaoh. Moses justified his unwillingness to pass Jehovah’s order to Pharaoh, saying that he was “slow of speech”.2. Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.Delay leads to problems. However, in many cases, it can often stimulate the creativity in an artist.3. He notes that speedy action can be embarrassing or extremely costly.He points out that hastiness may give rise to decision which turn out to be humiliating or expensive.4. Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal---and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made.Excessive red-tape(官样文章；繁文缛节) developed because public administration was expanding in scope and because society was growing more and more complicated. In this sense, red-tape helped those in charge of policy to be fully engaged in enormous amount of paperwork and judgment, thus making it impossible for an immature decision to result.5. ...many of my friends go through agonies when they face a blank page.…many of my friends have a hard time the moment they attempt to put pen to paper.Unit 31. Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern architecture is unnerving; but I suspect---I more than suspect, I am convinced---that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money.Brought up in the old tradition, my father is naturally not prepared to accept the idea of modern architecture; his objection to it, I would assume, indeed I should say I am pretty sure, is not a result of his strong dislike of the physical building itself, but rather that of his refusal to change his attitude towards money.2. If a building's design made it appear impregnable, the institution was necessarily sound, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architectural symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory.If a building was made to look sturdy/invulnerable, it would be accordingly regarded as reliable, and the significance of the thick walls would be measured not by their artistic value, but by their seeming ability to provide a safe location for money.3. In a primitive society, for example, men pictured the world as large, fearsome, hostile, and beyond human control.P eople in a primitive society, for example, saw the world as an enormous planet full of fear, hatred and disorder.4.The principal function of today's wall is to separate possible undesirable outside air from the controlled conditions of temperature and humidity which we have created inside.Today a wall serves mainly as a physical means to protect the desired atmosphere inside from being disturbed by anything unwelcome outside.5. To repeat, it is not our advanced technology, but our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine how we shall build our walls.Again, the decisive factor that can influence the design of a wall is not the advancement of science and technology, but our ever-changing attitude towards our place in this world.Unit 41. He was a man of exuberant fancy, and, withal, of an authority so irresistible that, at his will, he turned his varied fancies into facts.He was a man rich in whimsies, and intolerant of any act bold enough as to challenge his authority. When his mind caught upon something, absurd as it might be, he would do everything to make sure that it was done in the way he wished.2. When every member of his domestic and political systems moved smoothly in its appointed course, his nature was bland and genial; but whenever there was a little hitch, and some of his orbs got out of their orbits, he was blander and more genial still, for nothing pleased him so much as to make the crooked straight, and crush down uneven places.When all his subjects behaved in such a manner as they were told to, he could be gentle and kind. And he could even be more so, if anything not conforming to what he expected should occur, because that offered a great chance for him to see the undesirable removed, a thing he was most delighted in doing.3. He could open either door he pleased: he was subject to no guidance or influence but that of the aforementioned impartial and incorruptible chance.He enjoyed total freedom to choose what to do: he was not directed or influenced by anyone as to which door to open. The only thing that was decisive in terms of his fate was the above-mentioned chance, granted to all the accused alike.4. This element of uncertainty lent an interest to the occasion which it could not otherwise have attained.The fact that no one could tell for sure what might happen (to the accused) made this from of trial more attractive than any other form of justice.5. Thus the masses were entertained and pleased, and the thinking part of the community could bring no charge of unfairness against this plan; for did not the accused person have the whole matter in his own hands?Thus people enjoyed coming here to watch, and those guided by reason in the society could not possibly question the fairness of this form of trial; for was it not the fact that all the accused were given equal chances to make decisions upon their won destiny?Unit51. This semi-barbaric king had a daughter as blooming as his most florid fancies, and with a soul as fervent and imperious as his own.This semi-barbaric king had a daughter as exuberant as the wildest of his notions, a daughter who possessed a nature as fierce and tyrannical as his own.2. Of course, everybody knew that the deed with which the accused was charged had been done.It was, of course, known to all that he was guilty of the offense of conducting an affair with the princess.3. ...; but the king would not think of allowing any fact of this kind to interfere with the workings of the tribunal, in which he took such great delight and satisfaction.…,even though the ki ng was well aware that the love affair had taken place, he would still refuse to let the normal method of deciding guilt or innocence be disturbed, because he was extremely enthusiastic about his way of setting matters of this kind.4. ...; but gold, and the power of a woman's will, had brought the secret to the princess..…; but because she had the money, and above all, because her determination was so irresistible, the princess was able to get access to the secret.5. He understood her nature, and his soul was assured that she would never rest until she had made plain to herself this thing, hidden to all other lookers-on, even to the king.He knew her so well that he was perfectly positive that she would never cease to search for the secret, which remained unknown to all other spectators, even to the king himself.Unit 61. There seems to be a general assumption that brilliant people cannot stand routine; that they needa varied, exciting life in order to do their best.It is generally believed that a colorless life can freeze a creative mind, and that only a colorful life can inspire a man to creative work.2. The outstanding characteristic of man's creativeness is the ability to transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences.One of the wonders human creativity works is that man can make full use of even insignificant feelings to produce far-reaching results.3. An eventful life exhausts rather than stimulates.A life full of diversions stops man’s creativity instead of activating it.4. It is usually the mediocre poets, writers, etc.,who go in search of stimulating events to release their creative flow.Only literary artists of an average type rely on excitements in life as a source for their creative work./ Great poets, writers, etc., create works of art out of trivial and common subject.5. People who find dull job unendurable are often dull people who do not know what to do with themselves when at leisure.People who are unable to see how to be patient with repetitious work are usually those who are unable to see where to find fun in life when it comes to relaxation.。
英语专业综合英语教程-第六册-课后练习答案(全)
Key to the Exercises--- An Integrated English Course - Book 6Unit 1 Technology in Reverse●Text ComprehensionI. CII. 1. F. Not all technology makes things complicated and wasteful; it is only retarded technology that makes things complicated and wasteful. Refer to Paragraph 1.2. T. Refer to Paragraph 5.3. F. It is true that the author acknowledges the great changes brought about by new technology, buthe believes these advantageous changes are often offset by a lot of technology-related waste. Refer to Paragraph 7.4. T. Refer to Paragraph 7.5. F. The author expresses his doubt in a sarcastic tone that cellular phones could really improvemarriages and save “family values”. Refer to Paragraph 9.● Language WorkI. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.1. highly regarded, intricate, attractive2. a sudden increase3. an event that will make you feel upset for a long time4. can supposedly help, at the same time5. need to be able to use6. we receive so many press releases that we find it difficult to deal with them7. an age where hi-tech has brought us noticeably great changes8. supposed, get away from us/be unattainable9. consequence, people who know nothing about technology, impeding10. usually, insignificantII. Fill in the banks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. customized2. traumatized3. promotional4. paradoxical5. frivolity6. subscribers7. successors8. inanities9. institutionalized10. subsidyIII. Fill in each of the blanks with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.1. are clogged with2. purports to3. a vista of4. bombarded…with5. exulted over6. scribbled all over7. find… alluring8. make a comeback9. call up10. tossed … into11. was eliminated12. compress… intoIV. Explain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence.1. weak2. entrance to3. full of4. be compensated for by having the same amount deducted from his tax5. shows all the signs of6. excitement and danger7. spent the afternoon discussing8. increase her confidence9. very often10. quick diveV. Correct the errors in the following passage.VI. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.1. millionaires2. computer3. breed4. programs5. companies6. generation7. popularity8. provide9. sales10. times11. valuable12. life● Translation1.The program offers long-term care for the mentally retarded.2.He’s got a cumbersome, bulky, old computer—it’s slow and complicated to use.3. He tried not to look conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room.4. It would cause a tremendous upheaval to install a different computer system.5. The gold medal continues to elude her.6. Yo u’d be a fool not to embrace an opportunity as good as that.7. Her salary will go up by a hefty 10%.8. I scrawled a quick note to Hilary and put it under her door.9. There’s a smashing view from her office.10 The trip out there was swell, but the hotel was a bit crummy.II. Translate the following passage into Chinese.在我成长的房子里有一间屋子，我们把它称作图书馆。
高中英语(牛津译林版)选修六配套文档Unit 1 Period One Word版含答案
Mr. BeanYou must have seen this man somewhere—funny-looking，always in a jacket and a red tie. He seldom talks but always acts humorously.Who is he？He is the well-known Mr.Bean，who is very popular with most people all over the world and he always makes us laugh by means of his funny body language.Mr. Bean is the main character in the British comedy television series of the same name.It was written by Rowan Atkinson，Robin Driscoll，Richard Curtis and Ben Elton.The first episode was shown on 1st January 1990 and its final episode GoodNight，Mr. Bean was shown on 31st October 1995.During its five-year run，the series gained a large audience in the UK and throughout the world.People are most amused by the antics(滑稽动作) of Mr.Bean—a child in a grown man’s body.Mr.Bean often seems short of worldly(善于处事的)experience.The program usually shows his attempts to complete what would normally be considered simple tasks，such as going swimming or taking an exam.But he is quite not clever in dealing with the problems presented to him each time. The humor largely comes from his original solutions to any problem and his total disregard for others when solving them.The role of Mr.Bean is played by Rowan Atkinson—an Oxford University graduate.Atkinson is considered to be a great comedian in the style of Charlie Chaplin.People are very impressed by his humor.If you enjoy Mr. Bean，please enjoy his shows—Mr. Bean!阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)1．Mr. Bean used to make the people laugh by his humorous words. (F)2．Mr. Bean always seems very clever when he deals with the problems in his life. (F)3．An Oxford University graduate plays the role of Mr. Bean.(T)Period OneWelcome to the unit & ReadingⅠ.重点单词1．comedy n．喜剧2．weekly n．周刊；周报；adj.每周的week n．周，星期3．tease v t.取笑；揶揄；戏弄4．previous adj.先前的，以往的5．variety n．(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式various adj.不同的，各种各样的vary v t.& v i.变化，不同6．style n．风格；方式；样式7．behave v i.&v t.表现behavio(u)r n．表现8．performance n．表演，演出；表现，业绩perform v t.& v i.表演，演出；做，履行；工作，运转performer n．演员；表演者9．little-known adj.鲜为人知的10．technical adj.技术的；技能的technology n．技术technically ad v.从技术上来说11．amuse v t.逗笑，逗乐；提供(消遣)，(使)娱乐amusement n．娱乐12．saying n．格言，警句，谚语Ⅱ.重点短语1．stand up for支持，维护2．depend/rely on/upon依赖，依靠3．react to 对……做出反应4．queue up排队5．trip over绊倒6．make fun of拿……开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄7．have affection for喜爱，钟爱8．come up with想出；拿出9．follow in one’s footsteps/follow the footsteps of sb.效法某人，以某人为榜样10．pass away去世，亡故Ⅲ.重点句式1．while引导让步状语从句While this kind of humour may sound cruel，it usually only works if both the comedian and the audience have affection for or admire the person being made fun of.这种幽默听起来有点刻薄，但通常只有当喜剧演员和观众都喜欢或者崇拜这个被取笑的对象时，这种幽默才奏效。
高级英语 book one unit6mark twain课后练习答案
II.B. (P.125)
• 1. The first paragraph functions as a general introduction to the whole passage, through which we can get a glimpse of the great American writer, MarkTwain, who was not only adventurous,patriotic,romantic,and humorous,but also cynical,bitter and unhappy.
• 2. His experience immensely enriched his writing and helped him depict various characters successfully in his works.
II. (P. 124) A
• 3 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. ’’
II. (P. 124) A
• 6. According to Twain, Americans should keep their daring and pioneering spirit by relaxing, resting,or staying away from the crazy struggle for success occasionally and keep their edges sharp.
• The author first makes the readers travel with Mark Twain to Nevada's Washoe region,where he succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever,and accepted the job as a newspaper reporter due to his mining failure. From then on,he began working hard to gain regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. Then the author makes the readers board with Mark Twain for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers.But because of some scathing columns he wrote, Mark Twain fled to the goldfields in the Sacramento Valley. There in Angels Camp he kept a notebook from which his first successful short story “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” was born. Mark Twain’s national reputation was then well established as “the wild humorist of the Pacific slope. ”
高级英语 book one unit6mark twain课后练习答案
Key to Exercises of Mark Twain- Mirror of America
II. (P. 124) A
• 1. The other Mark Twain the author found was a man who grew cynical,bitter,saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race,who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.
• 2. His experience immensely enriched his writing and helped him depict various characters successfully in his works.
II. (P. 124) A
• 3 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. ’’
• 4. He sharply satirized tourists who had no idea of the lands they sawexcept what the guide books fed them. The book became an instant best-sellerbecause it was full of scathing comments on Europe and the Holy Land, whichstimulated great interest am• 1. The first paragraph functions as a general introduction to the whole passage, through which we can get a glimpse of the great American writer, MarkTwain, who was not only adventurous,patriotic,romantic,and humorous,but also cynical,bitter and unhappy.
英语专业综合英语教程-第六册-课后练习答案(全)
Key to the Exercises--- An Integrated English Course - Book 6Unit 1 Technology in Reverse●Text ComprehensionI. CII. 1. F. Not all technology makes things complicated and wasteful; it is only retarded technology that makes things complicated and wasteful. Refer to Paragraph 1.2. T. Refer to Paragraph 5.3. F. It is true that the author acknowledges the great changes brought about by new technology, buthe believes these advantageous changes are often offset by a lot of technology-related waste. Refer to Paragraph 7.4. T. Refer to Paragraph 7.5. F. The author expresses his doubt in a sarcastic tone that cellular phones could really improvemarriages and save “family values”. Refer to Paragraph 9.● Language WorkI. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words.1. highly regarded, intricate, attractive2. a sudden increase3. an event that will make you feel upset for a long time4. can supposedly help, at the same time5. need to be able to use6. we receive so many press releases that we find it difficult to deal with them7. an age where hi-tech has brought us noticeably great changes8. supposed, get away from us/be unattainable9. consequence, people who know nothing about technology, impeding10. usually, insignificantII. Fill in the banks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. customized2. traumatized3. promotional4. paradoxical5. frivolity6. subscribers7. successors8. inanities9. institutionalized10. subsidyIII. Fill in each of the blanks with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.1. are clogged with2. purports to3. a vista of4. bombarded…with5. exulted over6. scribbled all over7. find… alluring8. make a comeback9. call up10. tossed … into11. was eliminated12. compress… intoIV. Explain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence.1. weak2. entrance to3. full of4. be compensated for by having the same amount deducted from his tax5. shows all the signs of6. excitement and danger7. spent the afternoon discussing8. increase her confidence9. very often10. quick diveV. Correct the errors in the following passage.VI. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.1. millionaires2. computer3. breed4. programs5. companies6. generation7. popularity8. provide9. sales10. times11. valuable12. life● Translation1.The program offers long-term care for the mentally retarded.2.He’s got a cumbersome, bulky, old computer—it’s slow and complicated to use.3. He tried not to look conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room.4. It would cause a tremendous upheaval to install a different computer system.5. The gold medal continues to elude her.6. Yo u’d be a fool not to embrace an opportunity as good as that.7. Her salary will go up by a hefty 10%.8. I scrawled a quick note to Hilary and put it under her door.9. There’s a smashing view from her office.10 The trip out there was swell, but the hotel was a bit crummy.II. Translate the following passage into Chinese.在我成长的房子里有一间屋子，我们把它称作图书馆。
新编英语语法教程第六版课后答案全
1A1B2AWithin the stricken area,not a single soul remained alive,and the city centre looked as if it had been razed by a monster steam-roller.The bomb exploded 1,000 the ground.On August 6,1945,an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Japanese town of Hiroshima.Three days later,yet another bomb of the same kind gave the town of Nagasaki the same fatal blow.The explosion made one and a half square miles of the city an expanse of reddish rubble.Within the fraction of a second,the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an im-mense mass of expanding gas,millions of degrees hot.A tremendous blast of hot air whirled the debris of stone,concrete,metal,and woodover the ground.2BPond,once praised by Thoreau for its natural beauty,is now the site of manytourist stands.2. Almost every summer night the cooling northeast w ind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome./ Sweeping through our bedroom windows almost every summer night,the cooling northeast wind made...3. The steep surrounding slopes were capped with snow, which fed two streams plungingdown to join in the valley below.the river on one side and a large tree providing shade,this is a good spot for apic-nic,and we can spread our blanket on the grassy knoll.for breath after running up the stairs,Mr Wood stood at his neighbour's door and knocked again and again till someone opened it.town folk envied Horace, who had come into a small fortune with which hebought a big house and obtained a partnership in the biggest grocery in town.in front of the mirror,Jim looked at his image,wondering at the big changethat had come over him in recent years.idea that his only daughter whom he had greatly wronged might never forgive himalmost drove him mad.9. The story, written in plain language, consists of three parts with an interesting plot centering round an aristocratic family living in 17th-century France.and shivering,John sat hunched over a bowl of hot broth prepared by hisfather to drive off the chill.above the waters of a beautiful lake and over the tops of the tall pine treesgrowingon the steep slopes of a hill stand five Chinese-style pavilions.12. Farther down the street,the old man stopped and leaned against a lamp-post,listeningto a cheerful song coming out of a restaurant on the opposite side of the street. sank in the nearest chair,completely exhausted,her limbs stiff with cold,her mind a piece of blank.the day Mrs Rymer behaved very properly,her pleasant,refined facewearing a grave look,her elegant figure wrapped in deep mourning while occasionally she uttered a sigh or a sob.thought it necessary to break the news to his family,that Mr Jacob,his former employer,had promised him a half-day job at 20 pounds a week.,I will have to...,I was...,there has been...,Roberts returned the cheque.5. Oddly enough, he did not... unreasonably, he protested...,he never knew that he...,the two sides may...9. Quite obviously, he does not want to... enough,the burglar had not taken... enough,a solution will be...,the Chinese people protested... more important, we ought to put...,I have met him before.15. To our regret,he refused our invitation. ,someone managed to find me. telephoned the hospital first,quite rightly. ,the girl did not ask your name.,her appointment has not been confirmed. 20. Curiously, the dog never barked.3Bother words other words/That is to say5. In that caseallallthat aresult ;Secondly;Thirdly and most importantly 4A have were,are are were4B,is,are,their,their,It,wasThey,is/are,their,they,disapprove ,they5A5B 1.'s10.' s,is, isarearepoin tare5C are areare arehave caresis,has 6A6Bmuch work have you done this morning?dig a tunnel will need a great amount of labour.'s done the least work.4.There are several methods of approaching this problem.know little French.must be less empty talk but more practical work.7. Were there many people at the reception?I have a few words with you?9. There were fewer people today at the exhibition than yesterday.made the fewest mistakes.'ve learnt more poetry and done more exercises than I have.'s done the most work and made the most mistakes.'s done a lot of work and made a lot of mistakes.millionaire has lots of money-and lots of worries.has enough worries because she hasn't got enough money.telephone rang every few minutes.have been persisting in making the experiment all these last few cold days.his next books on English linguistics will come out in 2020.we learned that we had to wait another three more weeks.brother spent $1,000 for a second-hand car,but I spent almost twice theamountfor the same stuff.adviceimportant piece of information it is fun not numerousarehastimes,rivalry,wereisis7Bswarm1 . Dick's decision to emigrate to Australia.expansion of the Physics Department/The Physics Department's expansion...3 ... a novel of Jane Austen's.long report of Mr Allen's...new shoes of yours...6 ... the article of the student...7 ... Shakespeare's tragedies/the tragedies of Shakespeare8 ... a ship's carpenter.punishment of the offenders...10.. the past decade's events/the events of the past decade11.. the enemy's unconditional surrender/ the unconditional surrender of the enemy.12.. other people's criticism of him.13.. the younger generation's education/ the education of the younger generation.14.. at John Wiley's,the bookseller's.15.. an article of '...16.. this policy of the government's...?17.. an idiot's tale.dog of Frank's...book of Joe Hill's...leg of the table is broken.Key to Exercises 229and John's house is on the corner.3 . on birds'nests.4 ... the students'problems.5.... at the Joneses'.6./7 . Charles' car but someone else's.8 . in ten years'time.9. The products'effectiveness... week's news...than the last two weeks'.11 others'problems.12 . each other's worries.13. My brother and sister-in-law's house... friend of my father's...wheel of the car...16./17. The baseball players'wives...18... women's clothing only.19... Milton's long poems.new shoes of yours...8B,money,etc,ones ,cause8C8A1 . little opportunity to travel.2 ... many such novels.3 ... / Neither sentence is correct English.4. He has many more problems...5 ... this kind of apple/ these kind(s)of apples. enjoy either kind,...7 . every book in the fiction section.8 . than in any other country in the world.9 ... a greater amount of rainfall this year than there was last year.10.. all this luggage/all the luggage at the airport.11.. such beautiful poetry/such a beautiful poem that it is hard to believe shehas never had a formal education.12.. a great many friends in New York.13. Whatever nonsense... third sister of his...can't for the life of me remember. there are fewer/ less diseases...17.. than all other methods.18.. once every three months.19.. study of language.20.. some more soup?8EOf all the things we eat and drink,water is the most many people understand this,but it is quite human body can go without food for a long time, but two or three days without water will result in death.Many people do not understand how much water the human body needs to workproperly,and many people do not drink people drink when they are thirsty,but often need much more,especially when they have been taking exercises.It is vital that people should drink enough water every can help people to keep can also ease pain in case of habit of drinking water soon after getting up will bring a purging and refreshing effect;likewise,drinking some water before bedtime will also do people,especially old people,a lot of good. Wheno ne is fainting, water will bring him back to consciousness;if one is badly wounded, water will help to lendhim vig-a word,water means lack of water in the body is most harmful to health.9A,an,the,the,a,the,the,the,the,0,the,a,an,a,the,the,a,the ,the,the,the,the,the ,0,0,0,0,0,0/a 9B the9CM ichigan3. The Straits of Gibraltar4. Qomolangma5. The National Gallery World Cup8.The Olympic Games10. the BBC 12. The Times14. the Finance Ministry 16. the Senate John Spence and Smith Watermans20. The White House universityhospitaltrain28. The hovercraft, the boat taxibusferrycinema35. The filmPope world9AI.15.Sam'sII.9Ethe spot top to bottom hand ur the front a fashion a fancy tocase of the fancy of trouble,lend a hand the board reach of top of the case of the shade a loss possession of the possession of 18. under cover the midnight oil 20. at short notice 9F travels faster than sound. quiet,'t let me hear a sound. writingEnglish,after each word we leave a space. box occupies too much space.a big meal,you should take a rest. needs food,drink and rest.7.He did it out of kindness.have done me a kindness.9.He lives close at hand.10.The children suffered a lot at the hands of their stepfather. you got anEnglish-French dictionary?12. Have you got an English and a French dictionary? do you like the red and white roses in my garden? you seen the red(roses)and the white roses in my garden? isstill in hospital. 'm going to the hospital to see him.is a garden in front of the house. is a picture in the front of the book. style of dress is no longer in fashion. likes to read about the latest fashions. 't talk too much at table.friend was sitting at the table writing a letter. 23. When we called, his family were at dinner. we called,his family was giving a dinner. students take/ took quite a fancy to their teacher. exhibits in the hall soon took the fancy of the visitors. old man is in possession of a huge fortune. island was once in the possession of Great Britain. must immediately consult a doctor in case of illness.is stupid,but it is different in the case of Mary;she is just lazy.10AWhen it comes to making a conscious effort to help keep a public place clean,most people just don't make the 'm a maintenance man for a department people did make the effort,I probably wouldn't have a job.The area that I have to spend the most time cleaning is the employees'lunchroom . Employees go there during breaks,lunch,and dinner. The maintenance department sup-plies containers for garbage and ashtrays for cigarette butts. But when they finish their food,the employees will either throw their papers on the floor or leave them on the employees will on occasion throw their papers in the garbage container,but most of themwho smoke will either flick their ashes on the floor or in the half-filled soda butts are found anywhere other than in the ashtray,because the ashtrays may have been stolen or have been filled with gum. Sometimes an employee will remark, “ Aren't these people pigs? They don't even clean up after themselves,"as they proceed to walk away from their littered table.,hehas,it has to theirthem(informal) is/ they are(informal)their(informal)'t it takes(informal),their/his(informal) their(informal),her,his ,themselves ,itself10Csheherone's(too formal), he/ one(too formal), his/ one's(too formal)shehe or she(formal), she he/ he or she(formal) her12. his/his or her,his/ his or her, his/ his or her himhim,it/hehe or she her shehe or shehe or she,he/he or sheelse's,her11A,ours,it'shisprofessor himselfherself6.beside ourselveshimselfhe himself(no change in informal 10.(no change) style) she herself(no change in informal style) , who (no change in informal style) arriving late (no change in informal style)28. he himself he you're 11B,any ,anyless ,neither,all11C1 ... to teach the facts of life to their children.2 ... to change this situation...3 ... with great potentials which are not enhanced...4 ... major in accounting.Ellis challenged Jody Baker to a game of chess when they met at the Recreation Centre.morning's paper says that Route 4 can't be used until the flood damage is a hill was situated the cottage, which...8.Two weeks after his uncle moved to Florida, Ed sold...9 . as if the jails were equipped with revolving doors.put the package of frozen strawberries...she left for Europe,Mother asked Mrs Spry to visit her.12 this vitamin, which is essential to sound teeth.'s being given the leading role in the play displeased the rest of the cast.14 all the clothes stored in the attic were ruined.and Jan wouldn't even look at each other when they met...her arrival in New York,this was the first time that she had seen her mother.17 pleased Mother tremendously.18 Those/ The people interviewed are sometimes indignant.he spoke to the lawyer, Dad was extremely nervous...20 that the holiday makers can hardly find places to sit down,which is peoplewho hate crowds keep away from these places.11A repaired. why those12Ais likely to let you down. team is certain to win.appears to be no doubt about it. happened to be the only witness.chanced to be out of London at the time. doesn't seem to be coming after all.'re not supposed to play football on Sundays. is supposed to have arrived at five.9.He's sure to be there. are certain to need help.think it's going to rain this evening. am I to pay my debts?new building is going to be six storeys high. 're not to talk like that.'s likely to see her.16.You've got to be joking.17.He tends to be stupid. fail to see what you mean. happened to be there. chanced to meet him in the park. appeared to enjoy the concert.22. They seemed not to notice it.23. The swimmer failed to reach the shore. were to have been married in May. pursewas not to be found.26. He was never to see his wife or children again.'s going to be a long time before we can reduce our prices. is bound to be in the office.of us can say what our future is to be. did not fail to keep his word.12B2.called off3.carry out4.catch up with5.came round / to6.cutting down7.looked intoup up off him out you off13. leave out up up16. blew it up17. Look out18.put off19.look on20.put up21.running into22.run up againstoutfor/ call in...in26. turned down27. turned outout up30. took on,worn out,give...up12C1.This case is being looked into by the police. long the children had taken to their new teacher.3.We can't rely on other countries to help us tide over the difficulty.4.The First World War broke out in 1914. she came to,she found herself lying in a hospital.6. He was not really feeling sad. He was just putting on.new problems cropped up at the last minute.8.As most members were absent,the meeting had to be called off.you figure out a way to solve this problem?10.When he was criticized, he flared up.'t be taken in.12. I got very angry that he should come out with that rude remark. must work hard,or you won't be able to keep up with the rest of the class. is going to take aday off tomorrow;I must fill in for her.15. We are going to bring up this question at the next meeting.'m looking forward to meeting you in Shanghai.17. We all look up to Doctor Lin,because she serves her patients selflessly.worked in the United States for three years,and he made the most of the opportu-nity to improve his English.was so lazy that she made a mess of her room.is a used car;it has changed hands several times.12A(1)finding(2)occurred (3)waiting(4)studied(5)stood(6)read(7)read(8)decided(9)satisfy(10)carried (11)colored (12)taste(13)watching (14)slipped (15)took (16)found(17)was(18)ran (19)shouted(20)drank (21)tasted (22)was(23)learned (24)to question13Awears out stones.2.Pride goes before a fall. speak louder than words. swallow doesn't make a summer.5.The Changjiang flows into the East China Sea.6.Water doesn't exist on the moon. isn't ever cold in Hawaii.in Paris isn't always nice;it sometimes rains a lot.9.He occasionally is wrong, but not often. never does any homework,but he does well in class. company doesn't always make very high profits. mother doesn't usually have coffee in the mornings. hardly ever goes to bed before midnight.,the capital of Arizona,is very dry;it hardly ever rains. parents seldom go to church on Sundays.earth revolves round the sun. lies to the south of China.Thames flows through London.usually vote for a Democrat,but my roommate almost always votes for a Republican. is an ill wind that blows nobody good.13Bwill see7.set to, did13. sleep / will sleep21. does not dislike(d)did,sat,began;is;is;sits;rubs;coughs13C living...standing getting...spendingboilinggettingalways writing...talking about13. writes,know,is doing, Does your son write;hear,seemsalways hammering;keeps,begins,hear,shakes; do,think,is coming,is probably watches,gets,forgets,ispressing,is thinking running; passes, kicks; heads, misses;hits,bounces;ishappening;is ing;is running;is running;is blowing13A 1. arrived, was telephoning,telephoned...do;was(just)doing(always)ringing5. was burning, was sleeping; was playing, (was) singing; was; stopped; woke6. was drowning, dived, savedlistening,rang,did not hear,was landing,climbed;were waiting, witnessed;was going(still)moving,jumped;thought, was happening,ran11. Did...want;hoped/ was hoping12. (1) was (just) hanging out(2)started (3) was wiping (4) lost (5) fell off(6) was washing(7)rushed (8)knocked over(9)let(10)was talking(11)managed(12) was doing(13) cut(14) was peeling (15) was reversing(16) forgot(17) bumped14A been telephoning,Haven't you nearly finished; haven't got,have been trying, has been been playing,haven't played been writing/ have written4. have...been learning / have...learned been sleeping/ has slept been coughing/has ironing,irons, lying;is hold-coughed known,have been reading,haven't finished been,have..e been learning, has mastered been raining,has stopped travelled...read been reading read.let been crying17.has injured been assassinated been working20.has been losing 14B I.(1)struck(2)reached(3)lit(4)sat(5)had left(6)had had(7)put(8)undressed(9)got(10)fell(11)had put(12)had forgotten(13)dropped(14)burned(15)found(16)had burned(17)had...madeI.(1)opened(2)saw(3)had...been listening(4)wondered(5)had heard(6)asked(7)had been doing/ was doing(8)said(9)had dropped(10)had been looking(11)didn't see(12)found(13)had...dropped(14)opened(15)had been taking(16)were(17)turned(18)asked(19)pulled(20)ran(21)recovered(22)had disappeared(23)moved(24)found(25)had been standing(26)had been telling14Cwere't said4. hadn't drunk,hadn't drunk expected,had intended 't lost't toldhad knowncomemeantwanted't't beennever seengivenseen asked't brokennever been invented14A explained had ,drove,got,gave;has been breathalysed ,had visited tried 6. will be, have had to going to stay,will be,haven't been be,havetaught;teach,take,will be...getting on;have done,learnt...been;went,went,was,had been,liked,go14E[1]1. Do you...know would like3.have just heard exactly suit 't apply6. won't get8.had just left10.was going12.(had)found13.have heard 't even know17.should/ would be.18.would phone tried20. doesn't/ didn't seem[2]up heard beginning gone10. Would/ Could you please check received12. have received/ did receive/received13.haven't decided14.should/ would be15.would tell already been17. should/ would like18.don't get19.will have to21.w ill have/ have15Ajust be coming out2.will be, will be wonderingcome4.will be doing, will be working5.will get, will still be, will be going, will ask6.will be melting,will be7:.won't start,will give8.will tell9.will be reading, will be ringing10.will be cooking, will ringgoing to shampoo12. is going to bake, will soon get seegoing to havegoing to bottleyou going to paint,am going to take going to ringgoing to start,Are you going to do,is going to help19.will start,will get,will bake going to make,will burn arriving,Is he spending,is he catching,is spending,is giving,is attending going to dye,Are you going to do,are you going to have,am going to have going to rainyou doing,are coming,am going to show,Are you taking,am going to take going to send,am seeing moving,Are you going to have,am going to paint going to buy,is going to beyou going to do,Are you going to sell,am going to learn,am getting,arestarting,is coming going,is having,is looking,is coming31.will have finished, will be starting32.will have planted33.will have done, will be relaxing34.will have done, will soon be leaving be trying,will have sent36.will be living, will have spent37.will be giving, will have given38.will be coming, will have picked39.will be fishing, will have been polluted, will be dying40.will be repairing, will have repaired15Bhave/were going to have going to swim/ were swimming/ were to swim3.was to discover4.(1)is going to catch/ is catching/ is to catch(2)is going to attend/is attending/is to attendgoing to show/ was about to show6. was going to be / was to be not to use8.(1) would be/ was going to be/ was to be(2) were going to discuss/ were to discuss9.(1) Are...going to watch(2)was going to watch(3)is arriving(4)am going to meet(5)was going to arrive10.(1)are...to be(2)were to be(3)were to have got(4)was to have taken place(5)are...to have 15C 'll start off as soon as the rain stops.'ll ring you up directly I hear the news.you are leaving early tomorrow morning,you'll have to finish packing before bedtime.4.The committee are to gather next Thursday to settle the question. is not to stay here any is to leave at once.said that by the end of the week she would have been back to China.told me yesterday that he was going to get married next month.announced at the press conference that the prime minister of Japan was to visit Chinanext Monday.you go and see him at six,he will be taking morning exercises.will you be doing at 7:30 tomorrow evening?you come back from Nanjing next week,the discussion will have finished.next weekend,I'll have been here for a whole year.'t get off the bus till it stops.are going to spend their holidays in Dalian next summer.! The dark clouds are is going to rain.I'm at lunch when he comes,please tell him to wait a little while.'ll stay here for a couple of days before we go on to Xi'an.'re having our dress rehearsal tomorrow you coming?many students are going?Are they going by boat?Foreign Ministers were to have met on May 14 to discuss the proposals for easing the crisis,but the war broke out.15Abe find driving seedrivetraveled19. was markedrunning to spendto go32. came runninglooking for16A topic has been talked about... will then be dealt with... children weren't properly looked after. this matter been looked into? you being attended to?'s warehouse was broken into... application has been turned down.8. This question will be brought up... trains were held up by fog.10. Your argument is not borne out by the facts. stories are made up.application has been filled in incorrectly. scheme was thought out carefully.14.The prices were put up. photographs will be blown up well. recorded programmes can be played back. interruptions were put up with.retirement is being looked forward to very much.19. The responsibilities are being faced up to badly. was looked up to by everyone. piece of legislation had been done away with reluctantly. wo22.They weren't taken in by her story. was got through the written papers byspecial coaching. will be seen off at the airport by all the ministers. it rains,the match will have to be put off...16B't someone be asked to do the work privately without being known? were shocked by the boy's rudeness, which was put down to his having been spoiled by his parents. 3... that the picture had been stolen.question was put to debate,but on very few occasions was a question fully debatedin Parliament.5 .. and martial law was declared./The army put down the rebellion and declaredmar-tial law.6. He wanted the information to be treated as confidential,...7 .. and the proceeds will be shared among his family.the members should have an equal right to speak and to in this way could they make the law effectively.been ignored for many years,...it be proved beyond doubt that the fire was caused by an accident,the man being held on suspicion of arson will be released.being informed that he was wanted by the police,the man realized that he had been betrayed by his accomplice.12 . it was found that most of its fittings had been stripped and the air had beenlet out of the tyres.13 . ,but it had to be cancelled at the last minute because of a cabinet crisis.fire was finally got under control,but not before it had caused extensive damage/ but not before extensive damage had been caused.15 . before you m ade any decision.was not accepted,any more than capitalism is.17 . and two thousand pounds' worth of jewellery had been stolen.about the source from which the startling news had been obtained waswithheld by the reporter./ The reporter withheld information about the source from which he had obtained the startling news.army authorities needn't have caused him so much distress by telling him that his brother had died in action,as they later discovered that they had made a mistake as tothe missing man's identity.kind of lid is fixed to the top of the pipe,and the oil is allowed to flow gently through taps.16Cis said that she can speak several foreign languages/ She is said to be able to speak several foreign languages.is known that many people are homeless after the earthquake / Many people are known to be homeless after the earthquake.is understood that this is the result of recent negotiations/This is understood to be...is thought that she has recovered/She is thought to have recovered.。
BK6 教师用书 Unit 7
Unit 7How to Get the Poor off Our ConscienceJohn Kenneth GalbraithStructure of the TextPart I (Paras.1-2)The author begins with an analysis of ways of “getting the poor off our conscience”.Part II (Paras. 3-9)Five solutions offered historically and the author’s critique of these solutions. The solutions are arranged in chronological order.1.The solution proposed in the Bible. (Para. 3)2.The solution offered by utilitarianism. (Para. 4)3.The solution offered by Malthusianism. (Paras. 5 and 6)4.The solution offered by Social Darwinism. (Paras.7 and 8)5.The argument that public assistance to the poor interferes with the effective operation of theeconomic system. (Para. 9)Part III(Paras. 10-11)Transition: Roosevelt’s New Deal and the social welfare policies of the post-World War II presidents seemed to have solved the problem. But actually the matter was only temporarily held in place.Part IV(Paras. 12-19)A critical analysis of five current designs to get the poor off our conscience.1.The first design is that since the government is incompetent it should not be asked to aid thepoor. (Paras. 12-13)2.The second design is that any form of public help to the poor hurts the poor. (Paras. 14-15)3.The third design is that public help to the poor will reduce the incentive of the rich to workand encourage the lethargy of the idle. (Para. 16)4.The fourth design is that public help to the poor will have an adverse effect on freedom.(Paras. 17-18)5.The fifth design is psychological denial. (Para. 19)Part V (Para. 20)Summary of the five designs and the popularity of the advocates of these designs.Part VI(Para. 21)Conclusion: The author points out that public assistance to the poor is in the interest of the rich. It is a conservative course of action.Detailed Study of the Text1. I would like to reflect on one of the oldest of human exercises... (Para. 1)Question: What does the author want to reflect on?The author wants to discuss how people have been trying not to feel guilty about the existence of poor people and justify the continuing existence of poverty.Paraphrase: I want to think seriously about one of the oldest practices of human beings...Translation: 我要严肃考虑一种人类最古老的实践活动。