您的位置：文档网› 河大考博英语真题复习08词汇

河大考博英语真题复习08词汇


• 3 I must remind you that your new post _________considerable responsibility with it. • 我必须提醒你，你的新岗位_________相当大的 责任了。 • A Keeps v.（使）保持， （使）继续(食品）保 持新鲜；保有；保存 • B supportsv.支持 帮助；支撑；维持 • C carries v.支撑 携带；输送；运载 • D possesses [pəˈzesiz]v.有具有；占据；感觉 • considerable[美] [kənˈs ɪdərəbəl] adj.相当大 （或多）的；该注意的，应考虑的
• 8 New mineral resources may be discovered during the forth coming Antarctic ___________. 新 的矿产资源可能被发现在南极___________到来。 • A expedition [ˈ ɛkspɪˈd ɪʃən]n.考察，远航；考察队， 远征军；（短途的）旅行；迅速（办理） • B execution [ˈ ɛksɪˈkju ʃən]n.实行，履行，执行， 贯彻；作成，完成，签名盖印使法律文件生效，执行法 律；执行死刑，强制执行，执行命令；成功，奏效，效 果 • C excursion [ɪkˈsk ɚʒən]n.（尤指集体）远足；短途 旅行，游览；离题；[机]冲程 • D extraction extraction [ɪkˈstræk ʃən]n.取出，抽出； 血统，家世，出身；[化]提取（法），萃取（法），回 收物，提出物，精炼；[数]开方，求根 • mineral [ˈm ɪnərəl] n.矿物；矿石；矿物质；汽水 • adj.矿物的，似矿物的
• 5 At the head of the valley we turned right and _______ the summit . • 在村口的右转_______峰会。 • A made for 非常合适的 • B went for 攻击，尽力想求得 • C set up 建立；准备；安排；引起 • D eliminate vt.排除，消除；淘汰；除掉；<口> 干掉 • summit [ˈs ʌmɪt]n.顶点；高层会议；最高阶层 • adj.最高级的；政府首脑的
• 10 The professor picked several students ______from the class and asked them to help him with the experiment.教授______挑 出几个学生从班，请他们帮助他做实验。 • A at largeat [æ t lɑrdʒ]（囚犯）在逃； 逍遥法 外； 一般说来； 详细地 • B at random [æ t ˈrændəm] 意地，随便地； 任 信； 横七竖八； 胡乱 • C at liberty [æ t ˈl bəti]不受限制或支配； <正 ɪ >获许可的，有权的； 自由自在 • D at leisure [æ t ˈli ɚ]有空； 闲暇时； 从容不 ʒ 迫地； 不慌不忙地
• 9 The naughty boy astride the branch of a tree with his two legs __________.那个淘气的男孩在一棵树的枝干和他的两条腿 __________。 • A vibrating [vaiˈbreitiŋ] n. 动，振荡 振 • v.（使）振动[颤动] • B swaying [sweiŋ]v.（使）摇摆， （使）摇动（ sway的现在 分词 ）；影响、改变…的观点[行动]；横荡；晃晃悠悠 • C waving[weivɪŋ]adj.波浪状的v.飘扬，摇摆，起伏（ wave的 现在分词 ）；（一端固定地）飘扬；挥手指引；挥动…示意 • D swinging [ˈsw ɪŋɪŋ] adj.愉快活跃的，多姿多彩的 • v.（使）摇摆（ swing的现在分词 ）；（使）摇荡；（使）旋 转；（使）突然转向 • naughty [ˈn ɔti]adj.顽皮的；不听话的；粗俗的；下流的 • astride [əˈstra ɪd]adv.两腿分开着（地）prep.两腿分开着，跨 着，跨越 • branch [bræ ntʃ]n.树枝；分支；部门，分科；支流vi.分支形成； 分支扩张；扩大某人的兴趣，业务或活动范围；[计]下分支的指 令vt.使分支；使分叉e government will be better able to ______other problems because it won’t be caught up in planning ahead for future population growth.政府将能够更好地____其他 问题，因为它不会陷入提前规划未来人口增长。 • A tackle [ˈtækəl] .用具，装备；索具；阻挡； n 阻截队员vt.着手处理；[橄榄球]擒住并摔倒（一 名对方球员）；给（马）配上挽具vi.擒住并摔倒 一名对手 • B challenge [ˈt æləndʒ]n.挑战；盘问；质疑； ʃ 怀疑vt.质疑；向……挑战vi.提出挑战，要求竞赛 （或竞争）；驳斥 • C relieve [rɪˈliv]vt.解除；缓解；换班；（去 厕所的一种委婉说法）方便 • D eliminate [ɪˈl məˈnet] t.排除，消除；淘汰； ɪ v 除掉；<口>干掉
• 1 The English language contains a(n) multitude of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. • 英语语言包含（名词）许多的话，这是相对很少 使用在日常谈话。 • A altitude n. 高度，海拔高度；高位，高等； • B latitude n. 纬度；范围；[天]黄纬； • C multitude n. 大量，许多；大众，人群 • D attitude n. 态度，看法； • conversation n. 交谈，会话；交往，交际；会 谈；（人与计算机的）人机对话 • comparatively adv. 对比地；相对地；比较地； 有点
• 6 The people ,who believe it necessary to __________to a rapidly changing society ,believe the shifts in family structure are inevitable and positive . 人们认为有必要_____一个飞速变化的社会， 相信改变家庭结构是不可避免的和积极的。 • A adapt [əˈdæpt] i.适应于，适应不同情况（或环境） v （to）vt.改编，改写；改变……以适合（for） • B adopt [əˈd ɑpt]vt.采用，采取，采纳；收养；正式接 受，接受；批准 • C adhere [æ dˈh ɪr]vi.黏附；附着；坚持；追随 • vt.使粘附；遵循，坚持；追随，依附 • D anticipate [æ nˈt səˈpet] t.预感；预见；预料； ɪ v 先于……行动vi.过早地提出；过早地考虑（或说、做） 一件事；（在口头或用文字）预言；预测
• 7 Many people now believe that doctors have no business _________patients _________their right to know the truth about heir condition. 许多人现在 认为，医生没有生意___患者___他们知道真相的继承 人的条件。 • A depriving of deprivingv.剥夺，夺去，使丧失 （ deprive的现在分词 ） • B stripping of stripping[ˈstripiŋ] .抽锭，脱模， n 拆模v.剥皮,脱光衣服；（齿轮的齿等）折断；表演脱衣 舞 • C ridding of ridding [ridɪŋ] v.使摆脱，解除…的负 担，从…中清除,摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 • D sheltering from N (躲避恶劣天气或危险的)遮蔽物， 庇护处，掩体
• 11 The accused was given a short sentence as he had committed only a __________ offence .被告被给予一个简短 的宣判为他所犯的罪行只有一个__________。 • A subordinate [səˈb ɔrdnɪt]adj.级别或职位较低的；下级的； 次要的；附属的n.部属；部下，下级vt.使……居下位，使在次级； 使服从；使从属 • B minimal [ˈm ɪnəməl]adj.<正式>最小的，极少的；极小的n. 最简单派艺术作品 • C secondary [ˈs ɛkənˈd ɛri] adj.第二的，中等的；助手，副手； 中等教育的；间接的n.副手，代理人；[天]双星中较小较暗的一 个，卫星；[语]次重音 • D accessible [æ kˈs ɛsəbəl]adj.易接近的；可理解的；易相处 的；易感的 • accused [əˈkjuzd]n.被告v.指责（accuse的过去式和过去分 词）；控告adj.被控告的 • sentence [ˈs ɛntəns] n.句子；宣判vt.宣判，判决 • committed [kəˈm ɪtɪd]adj.忠诚的，坚定的v.保证（做某事、遵 守协议或遵从安排等）（ commit的过去式和过去分词 ）；把… 托付给；把…记（或写）下来；承诺 • offence [əˈf ns] n.犯罪，违反；冒犯，触怒；攻击 ɛ
• 2 The head office of the company has been _________from Hongkong to New York for the sake of business expansion . • 公司总部已_________从香港到纽约来扩展业务 • A transported adj. 情不自禁的 v. 运送，流放, 使万分激动 • B transplanted [医]移植的 • C transferred v. 转移，迁移（ transfer的过去式 和过去分词 ）；转让；转移（感情）；改变 • D transmitted v. 发射，播送，广播,传播；传导； 传（热、声等） • sake n. 缘故；理由；日本米酒；目的 • Expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩张物；膨胀物
合集下载

2008年10月中科院考博英语真题单词

2008年10月中科院考博英语真题单词

2008年10中科院考博英语真题单词1. give a big hand 热烈鼓掌欢迎2. curious ['kjʊərɪəs]adj. 好奇的，有求知欲的；古怪的；爱挑剔的3. curiosity [kjʊərɪ'ɒsɪtɪ]n. 好奇，好奇心；珍品，古董，古玩4. curiousness ['kjuəriəsnis]n. 好学；好奇；不寻常5. allev iate [ə'liːvɪeɪt]vt. 减轻，缓和6. allev iative [ə'liːvɪeɪtɪv]n. 缓和剂；使减轻之物adj. 减轻的；缓解的7. allev iation [ə,liːvɪ'eɪʃən]n. 缓和；镇痛物8. unaccounted [,ʌnə'kauntid]adj. 未说明解释的；未包括在某数目中的；行踪不明的9. unaccounted for 下落不明的；未予解释的10. escalate ['eskəleɪt]vt. 使逐步上升vi. 逐步增强；逐步升高11. exalt [ɪg'zɔːlt; eg-]vt. 提升；提拔；赞扬；使得意vi. 使人得意12. exalted [ɪg'zɔːltɪd]adj. 高尚的；尊贵的；兴奋的v. 高举；赞扬；使激动（exalt的过去分词）13. exaltation [egzɔːl'teɪʃ(ə)n; eks-]n. 得意洋洋，欣喜；提拔；举起14. stumble ['stʌmb(ə)l]n. 绊倒；蹒跚而行vi. 踌躇，蹒跚；失足；犯错vt. 使…困惑；使…绊倒15. stumble upon 偶然发现16. stumble on 无意中发现；偶然遇到，碰巧找到17. stumble over 给绊倒；结结巴巴地说18. stumble across 偶然发现19. dispel [dɪ'spel]vt. 驱散，驱逐；消除（烦恼等）20. conducive [kən'djuːsɪv]adj. 有益的；有助于…的21. conducive to 有益于，有益于22. conduciveness 促成；诱因23. conduce [kən'djuːs] vi. 导致；有益，有贡献于24. cynical ['sɪnɪk(ə)l]adj. 愤世嫉俗的；冷嘲的25. speculate ['spekjʊleɪt]vi. 推测；投机；思索vt. 推断26. speculative ['spekjʊlətɪv]adj. 投机的；推测的；思索性的27. speculation [,spekjʊ'leɪʃn]n. 投机；推测；思索；投机买卖28. speculator ['spekjuleitə]n. 投机者；思索者29. speculativeness n. 思辩30. symptom ['sɪm(p)təm]n. [临床] 症状；征兆31. early symptom 早期症状32. symptomatic [sɪm(p)tə'mætɪk]adj. 有症状的；症候的33. symptomless ['simptəmlis]adj. 无症状的34. originative [ə'ridʒəneitiv, -nə-]adj. 有创作力的；有发明之才能的35. originality [ə,rɪdʒɪ'nælɪtɪ]n. 创意；独创性，创造力；原始；新奇36. originate [ə'rɪdʒɪneɪt; ɒ-]vt. 引起；创作vi. 发源；发生；起航37. originate from 发源于38. indignation [ɪndɪg'neɪʃ(ə)n]n. 愤慨；愤怒；义愤39. indignant [ɪn'dɪgnənt]adj. 愤愤不平的；义愤的40. Strongly Indignant 强烈愤慨41. disarm [dɪs'ɑːm]vt. 解除武装；裁军；缓和vi. 放下武器；裁减军备42. disarming [dɪs'ɑːmɪŋ]adj. 使解除警戒心的；使人消气的v. 解除武装；使息怒（disarm的现在分词）43. disarmament [dɪs'ɑːməm(ə)nt] n. 裁军44. dispatch [dɪ'spætʃ]n. 派遣；急件vt. 派遣；分派45. dispatcher [dɪs'pætʃə]n. 调度员；[计] 调度程序；[计] 分配器46. economic dispatch 经济调度；经济分配47. with dispatch 迅速地尽快地49. dispatch from 从发送48. dispatch center 调度中心；运输中心；勤务中心50. underneath [ʌndə'niːθ]prep. 在的下面；在的形式下；在的支配下n. 下面；底部adj. 下面的；底层的adv. 在下面；在底下51. ridiculous [rɪ'dɪkjʊləs] adj. 可笑的；荒谬的52. ridiculously [ri'dikjuləsli] adv. 可笑地；荒谬地53. ridiculousness [ri'dikjuləsnis] n. 荒谬，滑稽54. rattle ['ræt(ə)l]vt. 使发出咯咯声；喋喋不休；使慌乱，使惊慌vi. 喋喋不休地讲话；发出卡嗒卡嗒声n. 喋喋不休的人；吓吱声，格格声55. rattled ['rætld]adj. 慌乱的；愚蠢的；恼火的v. 发出咯咯声（rattle的过去式）56. rattling ['rætlɪŋ]adj. 很好的；活泼的；卡嗒卡嗒的adv. 很；非常；极佳v. 使发出嘎嘎声（rattle的ing形式）57. router ['raʊtə] n. [计] 路由器；刳刨者58. intertwine [ɪntə'twaɪn]vt. 缠绕；纠缠vi. 纠缠；编结59. intertwined [,intə:'waind]adj. 缠绕的；错综复杂的v. 使缠结，缠绕（intertwine的过去式）60. obligatory [ə'blɪgət(ə)rɪ]adj. 义务的；必须的；义不容辞的61. obligatory right 债权62. obligatory course 必修课63. obligate ['ɒblɪgeɪt]vt. 使负义务；强使，强迫；对…施以恩惠adj. 有责任的，有义务的；必需的64. obligated ['ɑblɪɡetɪd]n. 使负义务（obligate的过去式）adj. 有义务的；责无旁贷的65. obligation [ɒblɪ'geɪʃ(ə)n]n. 义务；职责；债务66. oblige [ə'blaɪdʒ]vt. 迫使；强制；赐，施恩惠；责成vi. 帮忙；施恩惠67. obliged [ə'blaidʒd]v. 要求；约束；施恩惠（oblige的过去分词）adj. 必须的；感激的；有责任的68. obliging [ə'blaɪdʒɪŋ]v. 迫使；约束（oblige的现在分词）adj. 乐于助人的；有礼貌的；体贴的；亲切的69. vendorsn. 供应商，销售商（vendor的复数）70. street vendor 小贩；大排档71. news vendor 卖报人72. herd [hɜːd]n. 兽群，畜群；放牧人vi. 成群，聚在一起vt. 放牧；使成群73. herder ['hə:də] n. 牧人；（美俚）监狱看守74. a herd of 一群（牛、鹿等）75. Herd Behavior 羊群行为；羊群效应；从众行为；群体恐慌行为76. herd instinct [动] 群居本能，群体心理77. luster ['lʌstə]vi. 有光泽；发亮n. [光] 光泽；光彩vt. 使有光泽78. pearly luster 珍珠光泽79. bright luster 镜面光泽80. lustrous ['lʌstrəs]adj. 有光泽的；光辉的81. lusterless ['lʌstəlɪs]adj. 没有光泽的82. lustreless ['lʌstəlis]adj. 无光泽的；平淡乏味的83. altruism ['æltrʊɪz(ə)m]n. 利他；利他主义84. prosper ['prɒspə]vi. 繁荣，昌盛；成功vt. 使……成功；使……昌盛；使……繁荣85. prosperous ['prɒsp(ə)rəs] adj. 繁荣的；兴旺的86. prosperity [prɒ'sperɪtɪ] n. 繁荣，成功87. comic ['kɒmɪk]adj. 喜剧的；滑稽的；有趣的n. 连环漫画；喜剧演员；滑稽人物88. comical ['kɒmɪk(ə)l] adj. 滑稽的，好笑的89. comicality [,kɔmi'kæliti] n. 诙谐；滑稽90. comic book 连环漫画册91. comic opera 喜歌剧92. gratify ['grætɪfaɪ]vt. 使满足；使满意，使高兴93. gratifiedadj. 称心的v. 使满足；使高兴（gratify的过去式及过去分词形式）94. gratifying ['ɡrætɪfaɪɪŋ]adj. 悦人的；令人满足的v. 使满意（gratify的现在分词）；使高兴95. gratification [ɡrætɪfɪ'keɪʃn]n. 满意；喜悦；使人满意之事96. kin [kɪn]n. 亲戚；家族；同族adj. 同类的；有亲属关系的；性质类似的97. kinship ['kɪnʃɪp]n. [法] 亲属关系，家属关系；亲密关系98. kith and kin 朋友和亲属99. next of kin 最近的血亲，最亲的亲戚100. kith [kɪθ]n. 朋友；邻居101. elaborate [ɪ'læb(ə)rət]adj. 精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的vi. 详细描述；变复杂vt. 精心制作；详细阐述；从简单成分合成（复杂有机物）102. elaborate on 详细说明103. elaboration [i,læbə'reiʃən]n. 苦心经营，精巧；详细阐述104. elaborateness [i'læbəreitə]n. 尽心竭力105. symbolic [sɪm'bɒlɪk]adj. 象征的；符号的；使用符号的106. symbolically [sim'bɔlikəli]adv. 象征性地；象征意义地107. symbolic expression 符号表达式；符号式108. symbolic language [计] 符号语言；象征性的语言109. wrench [ren(t)ʃ]n. 扳手，扳钳；扭伤；痛苦；歪曲；猛扭vt. 扭伤；猛扭；曲解；折磨vi. 扭伤；猛扭；猛绞110. wrenching ['rentʃiŋ]n. 苗木铲根；修截苗根v. 猛扭；歪曲；抢取（wrench的ing形式）111. pipe wrench 管扳钳；管子钳112. kick in 踢开；支付；开始生效；腿打水游进；死亡113. spoil [spɒɪl]n. 次品；奖品vt. 溺爱；糟蹋；掠夺vi. 掠夺；变坏；腐败114. spoilage ['spɒɪlɪdʒ]n. 损坏，糟蹋；掠夺；损坏物115. spoilt [spɒɪlt]adj. 宠坏的；损坏的v. 宠坏；毁坏（spoil的过去式及过去分词）116. aquifer ['ækwɪfə]n. （美）蓄水层；含水土层117. aquiferous [æ'kwifərəs] adj. 含水的；[地质] 蓄水的118. in denial 否认；拒绝接受现实；拒绝承认出了问题119. irrigate ['ɪrɪgeɪt]vt. 灌溉；冲洗；使清新vi. 灌溉；冲洗120. irrigation [,ɪrə'geʃən]n. 灌溉；[临床] 冲洗；冲洗法121. rehabilitate [riːhə'bɪlɪteɪt]vt. 使康复；使恢复名誉；使恢复原状vi. 复兴；复权；恢复正常生活122. rehabilitative [ri:hə'bilitətiv]adj. 复职的，复原的123. rehabilitation ['ri:hə,bili'teiʃən]n. 复原124. habilitate [hə'bɪlɪteɪt]vt. 提供周转资金；给…穿着vi. 取得任职资格125. replenish [rɪ'plenɪʃ]vt. 补充，再装满；把…装满；给…添加燃料126. replenishment [rɪ'plɛnɪʃmənt]n. 补充，补给127. sprinkle ['sprɪŋk(ə)l]n. 撒，洒；少量vt. 洒；微雨；散置vi. 洒，撒；下稀疏小雨；喷撒128. sprinkler ['sprɪŋklɚ]n. 洒水车；洒水器129. sprinkling ['sprɪŋklɪŋ]n. 少量；点滴；喷雾v. 洒；点缀（sprinkle的现在分词）130. silver bullet 银子弹；良方，高招131. eavesdrop ['iːvzdrɒp]n. 屋檐上流下来的水vi. 偷听，窃听132. eavesdropper ['i:vz,drɔpə] n. 偷听者133. overhear [əʊvə'hɪə]vt. 无意中听到；偷听vi. 无意中听到；偷听到134. guideline ['gaɪdlaɪn] n. 指导方针135. omit [ə(ʊ)'mɪt]vt. 省略；遗漏；删除；疏忽136. disparage [dɪ'spærɪdʒ]vt. 蔑视；毁谤137. disparaging [dɪs'pærɪdʒɪŋ]v. 蔑视（disparage的ing形式）adj. 毁谤的；轻蔑的138. disparagement [dɪs'pærɪdʒmənt] n. 轻蔑；轻视139. disparager [dis'pæridʒə] n. 毁谤者140. grievance ['griːv(ə)ns]n. 不满，不平；委屈；冤情141. grievance procedure冤屈投诉程序；苦情处理制度；抱怨程序；申诉程序142. wrap [ræp]n. 外套；围巾vt. 包；缠绕；隐藏；掩护vi. 包起来；缠绕；穿外衣143. wrapped [ræpt]v. 包裹；覆盖（wrap的过去分词）adj. 有包装的144. wrapping ['ræpɪŋ]n. 包装纸，包装材料v. 裹住（wrap的ing形式）adj. 包装用的145. wrapper ['ræpə]n. 包装材料；[包装] 包装纸；书皮146. wrap up 伪装；使全神贯注；穿暖和的衣服147. under wraps 不公开的；秘密的148. craft [krɑːft]n. 工艺；手艺；太空船vt. 精巧地制作149. crafty ['krɑːftɪ]adj. 狡猾的；灵巧的150. craftiness ['kra:ftinis]n. 狡猾；熟练；巧妙151. craftedadj. 精心制作的v. 精巧地制作（craft的过去分词）152. smart [smɑːt]adj. 聪明的；巧妙的；敏捷的；厉害的；潇洒的；剧烈的；时髦的153. smarting ['smɑ:tiŋ]n. 剧烈疼痛；刺痛vi. 感到刺痛；感到难受（smart的现在分词）adj. 剧烈疼痛的154. smartly ['sma:tli]adv. 刺痛地；漂亮地；潇洒地；火辣辣地155. smartness ['sma:tnis]n. 机灵；敏捷；现代风格156. smart phone 智能电话157. smart card [计] 智能卡158. smart money 抚恤金；罚款；因掌握内情而下的赌注；（英）伤兵抚恤159. incubate ['ɪŋkjʊbeɪt]n. 孵育物vt. 孵化；培养；温育；逐渐发展vi. 孵化；酝酿160. incubation [ɪŋkjʊ'beɪʃ(ə)n]n. 孵化；[病毒][医] 潜伏；抱蛋161. incubator ['ɪŋkjʊbeɪtə]n. [禽] 孵卵器；[儿科] 保温箱；早产儿保育器；细菌培养器162. cookie ['kʊkɪ] n. 饼干；小甜点163. cooky ['kʊkɪ] n. 饼干（等于cookie）164. touch coookie 坚强，有主意，不易受别人影响的人165. gobble ['gɒb(ə)l]n. 火鸡叫声vt. 狼吞虎咽vi. 贪食；咯咯叫166. gobble up 狼吞虎咽；贪婪地抓住167. gobbler [gɒblə]n. 雄火鸡；狼吞虎咽的人168. fitness ['fɪtnəs]n. 健康；适当；适合性169. physical fitness 身体健康；体力；身体适宜性170. fitness equipment 健身器材171. fitness center 健身中心；健身房172. tout [taʊt]n. 侦查者；兜售者vt. 兜售；招徕；刺探赛马情报vi. 兜售；招徕顾客；拉选票173. impersonal [ɪm'pɜːs(ə)n(ə)l]n. 非人称动词；不具人格的事物adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；非人称的174. impersonate [ɪm'pɜːs(ə)neɪt]vt. 扮演；模仿；拟人，人格化175. impersonation [im,pə:sə'neiʃən]n. 扮演；模仿；装扮176. impersonator [im'pə:səneitə(r)]n. 演员；模拟艺人。

人大考博英语真题常用词汇

人大考博英语真题常用词汇

人大考博英语真题常用词汇hang on/to稍等;坚持住;赖着不走;抱(推，抓)住不放hang out晾衣服;居住，呆(在某处);停留hang together团结合作，互相支持;一致，不矛盾hang up挂起来;挂上话筒;耽搁，搁置have/give access to得以进入;可以接近have/give an/the advantage over比...占上风;有利/优于...have to do with与...有关系hit on/upon无意中找到;偶然想出hold back犹豫(该不该做某事);阻止;阻碍;隐瞒;忍住hold in抑制(情绪等)，控制住hold on(to)坚持下去;等一等;别挂电话hold on to抓住不放hold out坚持要求;坚持到底;守住;提出;伸出;主张;坚持;维持hold out for坚持(得到...)而不肯妥协hold together(合在)一起;团结在一起hold up举起;托住;支撑;使停滞;耽搁;提出;阻挡;列举，推举;(理论等)经得住hunt for搜索;探求hurry up赶快;快点if only只要;哪怕;要是...就好了;真希望go up升高;提高;涨高;增长;盖起;建造起;被烧(炸)毁;(舞台幕布)拉起go with连带;带有;伴随;与...匹配;同...协调grow away from与...疏远起来grow from由...长大，由...发展起来grow in在...方面成长;增加(力量等)grow into成长为,发展为grow on使越来越感兴趣，渐渐成为习惯;加深对...的影响grow out of由...产生;长高大了(衣服等)穿不上;抛弃;戒除(恶习) grow up长大成人;成长;发展hand down(财产，技术或知识)往下传,传给(后人)hand in交进来(去);交上去;递交;面呈hand out派送;分发;(乱)给(批评，处分，忠告等)hand over/on to捐赠;移交;让与;将...移交给;交出;将...送交，依次传递hang about/around闲逛;转悠;观望/闲逛;缠(人);与...泡在一起hang back畏缩不前;迟疑(不肯做某事)hang behind迟迟不离开，落在后面a matter of几(分钟，里路，块钱等)的事;大约，左右;是个…问题，事关…about of即将;打算absent from不在;缺席absorbed in吸引;专心于…account for说明(原因);解释;占…adhere to粘附在…上;坚持，遵守;依附adjust to调整以适应after all还是;终于;毕竟aim of瞄准;致力于…;旨在all but几乎，差点;除…之外的全部all the while一直地;始终all the more更加越发all the same尽管如此，仍旧allow for酌量;考虑到and vice versa反过来也一样anything/nothing but一点也不/只是;仅仅是anything but一点也不，决不是nothing but只是，只不过是.apart from除了;且不说appeal to要求;上诉;引起…注意approve of赞赏，同意;获准，认可around the corner在拐角处;即将到来as a matter of course当然，理所当然的(事)as a result/consequence结果;因此as fellows如下as for/to/regards至于，说到就…而言/关于as it is(was)实际上;按照原样as it were似乎;实际上可以这么说;简直是;可谓as opposed to和…相反;与…相对比as well也…;和as/so far as就…而言;至于;到…程度;在…范围内ask after/for问候，询问，探问/请求;找某人;要求at a stretch不休息地，一口气地at a time一次at all一点也不，完全不(用于否定句)at(the)best/worst顶多，充其量也不过/最坏也就是at(all)time总是;无论何时，一直at a loss不知所措at all/any cost(s)不惜一切代价at all events不管怎样，反正at any moment随时at any rate不管怎样;总而言之at first起初;开始at first sight乍一看，一见就at intervals(of)不时，时时;每隔…at large一般的;普遍的;详尽地;在逃;逍遥自在地at leisure有空闲，闲着的;从容地，慢慢地at liberty自由，有权(做某事);闲着at(the)most/least至多/至少at stake关系到…的得失;在危险中at that就这样;而且at sea茫然，不知所措at the mercy of完全受…支配，听命于at the moment此刻at the risk of冒…的危险attach to附上;贴上;使隶属attend to处理，办理;照看，照料;注意,专心于back up支持;倒退be bent on(upon)一心想做(某事)be better of处境更好;情况转好be bound to肯定，注定;一定要;决心be composed of由…组成be concerned with关于…，与…有关;参与…be determined to坚定;坚决;决心be fed up with/about对…厌烦了;讨厌be fit for适合be inclined to倾向于…;想要be obliged to(do)被迫，不得不be obliged to感谢be related to与…相关的，同…有亲戚关系be/get tired/sick of对…失去兴趣;厌烦be/get used/accustomed to习惯于bear/keep in mind记住;牢记bear on/upon对…施加压力;与…有关;对…有影响before long很快;不久以后blow out(使火)熄灭;(轮胎)爆裂blow up炸毁;充气;放大(照片);勃然大怒boil/narrow down(to)压缩成;归结为;简化为…break down(机器)发生故障;(计划，谈判等)失败;分析;分解;破除;战胜;(感情)失控，(身体)垮了break in闯入;打断;训练;使驯服;使习惯于;break into闯入;打断;突然开始…;突然…起来break out突然暴发;逃脱break through突破;冲破;克服;挤过break up使粉碎;弄破;解散;结束;解体解散;中断;终止;(学校)放假使苦恼;恳(地)bring down使垮台;失败;击落，打下;降低(物价，温度等)本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

(word完整版)考博英语翻译热点词汇

(word完整版)考博英语翻译热点词汇

学苑教育名师倾情奉献考博英语翻译热点词汇总裁助理assistant president综合治理comprehensive treatment安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents信息化information-based；informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power; knowledge—intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工laid—off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel三角债chain debts素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and—order situation民族国家nation state台独"independence of taiwan"台湾当局taiwan authorities台湾同胞taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

taiwan is an inalienable part ofthe chinese territory。

西部大开发development of the west regions可持续性发展sustainable development风险投资risk investment通货紧缩deflation扩大内需to expand domestic demand计算机辅助教学computer—assisted instruction （cai ）网络空间cyberspace虚拟现实virtual reality网民netizen （net citizen )电脑犯罪computer crime电子商务the e-business网上购物shopping online应试教育exam—oriented education学生减负to reduce study load下岗laid—off workers下海plunge into the commercial sea下网off line小康之家well-off family; comfortably—off family新秀up-and-coming star, rising star新新人类new human being ；x generation信息港info port形象小姐/ 先生image representative of a product or a brand 虚拟网virtual net学生处students’affairs division研究生毕业证/ 学位证graduate diploma/graudate degree’sdiploma 摇钱树cash cow以人为本people oriented；people foremost义务教育compulsory education易拉罐pop can应试教育examination-oriented education system舆论导向direction of public opinion运球dribble在职博士生on—job doctorate早恋puppy love招生就业指导办公室enrolment and vocation guidance office证券营业部stock exchange; security exchange知识产权intellectual property rights中专生secondary specialized or technical school student中流砥柱mainstay, chief corner stone专卖店exclusive agency；franchised store自我保护意识self-protection awareness综合国力comprehensive national strength综合业务数字网integrated service digital network （isdn）公正、公平、公开just, fair and open好莱坞大片hollywood blockbuster黄金时段prime time假唱lip—synch劲射power shot拉拉队cheering squad来电显示电话机caller id telephone论文答辩（thesis) oral defense泡沫经济bubble economy票贩子scalper，ticket tout拳头产品competitive products；knock—out products; blockbuster三角恋爱love triangle三维动画片three—dimensional animation”扫黄" 、”打非" eliminate pornography and illegalpublications申办奥运会bid for the olympic games实现中华民伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the chinesenation市场疲软sluggish market素质教育education for all-around development筒子楼：tube-shaped apartment脱贫致富cast (shake，throw）off poverty and set out on a road toprosperity 网吧internet bar网恋online love affair网上冲浪surf the internet网上交易平台online trading platform网友net friend无人售票self-service ticketing无绳来电显示电话cordless telephone with caller id无线应用协议wap （wireless application protocol ）2013年考博英语院校招生简章-学苑教育。

2008医学考博英语统考真题

2008医学考博英语统考真题

2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. A.It was called off unexpectedly.B.It raised more money than expected.C.It received fewer people than expected.D.It disappointed the woman for the man’s absence.2. A.A thoracic case.thoracic[θɔː'ræsɪk]adj.[解剖]胸的；[解剖]胸廓的B.A nervous disorder.C.A stomach problem.D.A psychiatric condition.3. A.In the housing office on campus. B.In the downtown hotel.C.At a rental agency.D.In the nursing home.4. A.Thrilled.vt.使…颤动；使…紧张；使…感到兴奋或激动n.激动；震颤；紧张vi.颤抖；感到兴奋；感到紧张B.Refreshed[rɪ'freʃ]vt.更新；使……恢复；消除……的疲劳vi.恢复精神；喝饮料，吃点心；补充给养C.Exhausted.exhausted[ɪɡ'zɔːstɪd]adj.疲惫的；耗尽的v.耗尽；用尽；使…精疲力尽（exhaust的过去式）D.Depressed.adj.沮丧的；萧条的；压低的v.使沮丧；使萧条（depress的过去式和过去分词形式）；压低5. A.To travel with his parents.B.To organize a picnic in the country.picnic['pɪknɪk]n.野餐vi.去野餐C.To cruise,even without his friends.n.巡航，巡游；乘船游览vt.巡航，巡游；漫游vi.巡航，巡游；漫游D.To take a flight to the Maldives.6. A.He’s got a revert.[rɪ'vɜːt]vt.使回复原n.恢复原状者vi.回复；重提；返祖遗传；归还B.He’s got nausea.nausea[ˈnɔ:ziə]n.恶心，晕船；极端的憎恶C.He’s got diarrhea.diarrhea[,daɪə'riə]n.腹泻，痢疾D.He’s got a runny nose.流鼻涕用的线7.A.To suture the man’s wound.suture['suːtʃə]n.缝合；缝合处；缝合状vt.缝合B.To remove the bits of glass.C.To disinfect the man’s injured.D.To take a close look at the man’s wound.8. A.Mr.Lindley had got injured. B.Mr.Lindley had fallen asleep.C.Mr.Lindley had fallen off his chair.D.Mr.Lindley had lost consciousness.9. A.She will apply to Duke University.B.She will probably attend the University of Texas.C.She made up her mind to give up school for work.D.She chose Duke University over the University of Texas.10.A.Her boyfriend broke up with her.分手；结束，打碎B.She was almost run over by a truck.C.One of her friends was emotionally hurt.D.She dumped her boyfriend’s truck in the river.adj.废弃的；被甩了的v.倾倒；猛地扔下11.A.The patient will not accept the doctor’s recommendation.B.The doctor lost control of the allergic reaction.C.The doctor finds it hard to decide what to do.D.The medicine is not available to the patient.12.A.It was more expensive than the original price. B.It was given to the woman as a gift.C.It was the last article on sale.D.It was a good bargain.13.A.excited. B.Impatient.C.Indifferent.adj.漠不关心的；无关紧要的；中性的，中立的D.Concerned.14.A.She regrets buying the car. B.The car just arrived yesterday.C.She will certainly not buy the car.D.This is the car she has been wanting.15.A.He is seriously ill. B.His work is a mess.C.The weather is lousy this week.D.He has been working under pressure. Section BPassage One16.A.He has got bowel cancer. B.He has got heart disease.C.He has got bone cancer.D.He has got heartburn.17.A.To have a colonoscopy. B.To seek a second opinion.C.To be put on chemotherapy.D.To have his bowel removed.18.A.A pretty minor surgery. B.A normal life ahead of him.C.A miracle in his coming years.D.A life without any inconveniences.19.A.Thankful. B.Admiring. C.Resentful. D.Respectful.20.A.It was based on the symptoms that man had described.B.It was prescribed considering possible complications.C.I was given according to the man’s actual condition.D.It was effective because of a proper intervention.Passage Two21.A.Smoking and Lung Cancer. B.Lung Cancer and the sexes.C.How to quit smoking.D.How to prevent lung cancer.22.A.Current smokers exclusively. B.Second-hand smokers.C.With a lung problems.D.At age40or over.23.A.156 B.269 C.7498 D.942724.A.Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancer.B.Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men.C.Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men.D.When struck by lung cancer,men seem to live longer than men.25.A.Lung cancer can be early detected.B.Lung cancer is deadly but preventable.C.Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictable.D.Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differently.Passage Three26.A.A hobby B.The whole worldC.learning experience.D.A career to earn a living27.A.Her legs were brokenB.Her arms were brokenC.Her shoulders were severely injuredD.Her cervical vertebrate were seriously injured.28.A.She learned a foreign language B.She learned to make friends.C.She learned to be a teacher.D.She learned a living skills.29.A.She worked as a skiing coach.B.She was a college instructor.C.She was a social worker in a clinic.D.She worked as elementary school teacher.30.A.Optimistic and hard-bitten. B.Pessimistic and cynical.C.Humorous and funny.D.Kind and reliable.Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section A31.I’m afraid that you’ll have to___________the deterioration n.恶化；退化；堕落of the condition.A.account for对…负有责任；对…做出解释；说明……的原因；导致；（比例）占B.call for要求；需要；提倡；邀请；为…叫喊C.look for寻找D.make for导致；有助于；走向32.Twelve hours a week seemed a generous adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽宏大量的；有雅量的___________of your time to the nursing home.A.affliction n.苦难；苦恼；折磨B.alternative adj.供选择的；选择性的；交替的n.二中择一；供替代的选择C.allocation n.分配，配置；安置（location n.位置（形容词locational）；地点；外景拍摄场地）distributeD.alliance n.联盟，联合；联姻33.Every product is_________tested before being put into market.A.expensivelyB.exceptionally adv.异常地；特殊地；例外地C.exhaustively adv.耗尽一切地D.exclusively adv.唯一地；专有地；排外地34.Having clean hands is one of the___________rules when preparing food.A.potent adj.有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的B.conditional adj.有条件的；假定的n.条件句；条件语C.inseparable adj.[数]不可分割的；不能分离的n.不可分离的事物；形影不离的朋友D.cardinal n.红衣主教；枢机主教；鲜红色；【鸟类】(北美)主红雀adj.主要的，基本的；深红色的35.The educators should try hard to develop the________abilities of children.A.cohesive adj.有结合力的；紧密结合的；有粘着力的B.cognitive adj.认知的，认识的C.collective adj.集体的；共同的；集合的；集体主义的n.集团；集合体；集合名词ic adj.喜剧的；滑稽的；有趣的n.连环漫画；喜剧演员；滑稽人物36.Mortgage vt.抵押n.抵押房屋抵押贷款___________had risen in the last year because the number of low-income families was on the increase.A.defects n.缺点，缺陷；不足之处vi.变节；叛变B.deficits n.赤字；不足额C.defaults vi.拖欠；不履行；不到场n.违约；缺席；缺乏；系统默认值vt.不履行；不参加（比赛等）；对…处以缺席裁判（fault n.故障；[地质]断层；错误；缺点；毛病；（网球等）发球失误vi.弄错；产生断层）D.deceptions n.欺骗，欺诈；骗术37.The symptoms n.[临床]症状；症候；病徵may be__________by certain drugs.A.exaggerated adj.夸张的，言过其实的v.夸张，夸大B.exacerbated vt.使加剧；使恶化；激怒=aggravateC.exceeded adj.非常的；过度的；溢出的v.超过（exceed的过去分词）；越出D.exhibited adj.展出的v.展出；表现出（exhibit的过去分词）38.Her story was a complete adj.完整的；完全的；彻底的vt.完成_________from start to finish, so nobody believed in her.A.facility n.设施；设备；容易；灵巧B.fascination n.魅力；魔力；入迷（adj.fascinating迷人的；吸引人的；使人神魂颠倒的fascinated着迷的；被深深吸引的）C.fabrication n.制造，建造；装配；伪造物（n.fabric织物；布；组织；构造；fabricator制作者；杜撰者v.fabricated制造，组装；伪造，捏造（fabricate的过去分词）vt.fabricate制造；伪造；装配）D.faculty n.科，系；能力；全体教员39.The police investigating the traffic accident have not ruled out排除；取消；划去；反对；阻止_________.A.salvage n.打捞；海上救助；抢救财货；救难的奖金vt.抢救；海上救助B.safeguard n.[安全]保护；保卫；保护措施vt.[安全]保护，护卫C.sabotage vt.妨害；对…采取破坏行动vi.从事破坏活动n.破坏；破坏活动；怠工D.sacrifice n.牺牲；祭品；供奉vt.牺牲；献祭；亏本出售vi.献祭；奉献40.The government always_________on the background n.背景；隐蔽的位置vt.作…的背景adj.背景的；发布背景材料的of employees who are hired for sensitive military projects.A.takes up拿起；开始从事；占据(时间,地方)B.checks up检查；核对（check out检验；结账离开；通过考核；盖章，结账后离开，结帐后离开，办理退房、出院手续）C.works out解决；算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；弄懂；锻炼D.looks into调查；观察；窥视；浏览；看Section B41.The19th century physiology n.生理学；生理机能was dominated vt.控制；支配；占优势；在…中占主要地位vi.占优势；处于支配地位by the study of the transformations of food energy into body mass体重and activity.A.boosted adj.升高的；升压的；加力的v.提高，推进；宣传（boost的过去式）erned v.管理（govern的过去式和过去分词）；统治；支配C.clarified adj.澄清的；透明的v.阐明（clarify的过去分词形式）；澄清D.pioneered v.倡导；作先驱（pioneer的过去式）42.Surely,it would be sensible adj.明智的合乎情理的通情达理的意识到的，能感觉到的to get a second opinion before taking any further action.采取进一步行动，进一步的行动A.realistic adj.现实的；现实主义的；逼真的；实在论的B.sensitive adj.敏感的；感觉的；[仪]灵敏的；感光的；易受伤害的；易受影响的n.敏感的人；有灵异能力的人C.reasonable adj.合理的，公道的；通情达理的D.sensational adj.轰动的；耸人听闻的；非常好的；使人感动的（economic sanction经济制裁）43.The Chinese people hold the ancestors n.祖先；被继承人in great veneration.n.尊敬；崇拜（Ancestor veneration祖先崇拜）A.recognition n.识别；承认，认出；重视；赞誉；公认B.sincerity n.真实，诚挚C.heritage n.遗产；传统；继承物；继承权D.honor n.荣誉；尊敬；勋章vt.尊敬；[金融]承兑；承兑远期票据44.I worked to develop the requisite skill必要技能（requisite adj.必备的，必不可少的；需要的n.必需品）for managerial adj.[管理]管理的；经理的post.n.岗位；邮件；标杆vt.张贴；公布；邮递；布置vi.快速行进A.perfect adj.完美的；最好的；精通的vt.使完美；使熟练n.完成式B.exquisite adj.精致的；细腻的；优美的，高雅的；异常的；n.服饰过于讲究的男子C.unique adj.独特的，稀罕的；[数]唯一的，独一无二的n.独一无二的人或物D.necessary adj.必要的；必需的；必然的n.必需品45.If exercise is a bodily maintenance activity维修活动and an index n.指标；指数；索引；指针vi.做索引vt.指出；编入索引中of physiological age生理年龄,the lack of sufficient exercise may either cause or hasten aging.二者择一的；要么…要么…A.instance n.实例；情况；建议vt.举...为例B.indicator n.指示器；[试剂]指示剂；[计]指示符；压力计C.appearance n.外貌，外观；出现，露面D.option n.[计]选项；选择权；买卖的特权（potent adj.有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的）46.The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise剧烈运动.（strenuous adj.紧张的；费力的；奋发的；艰苦的；热烈的）A.arduous adj.努力的；费力的；险峻的B.demanding adj.苛求的；要求高的；吃力的v.要求；查问（demand的ing形式）C.potent adj.有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的D.continuous adj.连续的，持续的；继续的；连绵不断的47.The hospital should be held accountable for负责，对…应付责任the quality of care护理质量it delivers.A.practicable adj.可用的；行得通的；可实行的B.reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的n.可靠的人C.flexible adj.灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的D.responsible adj.负责的，可靠的；有责任的48.Greenpeace n.绿色和平组织（保护动物不遭捕猎等）has been invite to appraise vt.评价，鉴定；估价the environment costs of such an operation.A.esteem vt.尊敬；认为；考虑；估价n.尊重；尊敬B.appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别vi.增值；涨价appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的；合适的C.evaluate vt.评价；估价；求…的值vi.评价；估价audit,estimate,assess,reckonD.approve vt.批准；赞成；为…提供证据vi.批准；赞成；满意49.The company still hopes to find a buyer,but the future looks bleak.adj.阴冷的；荒凉的，无遮蔽的；黯淡的，无希望的；冷酷的；单调的A.chilly adj.寒冷的；怕冷的B.dismal adj.凄凉的，忧郁的；阴沉的，沉闷的n.低落的情绪C.promising adj.有希望的，有前途的v.许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）D.fanatic n.狂热入迷者；盲信者；盲信adj.狂热的；盲信的50.These were vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的；有活力的decisions n.决定，决心；决议that bore upon（bear upon）有关；瞄准；对…施加压力the happiness of everybody.A.ensured vt.保证，确保；使安全B.ruined n.废墟；毁坏；灭亡vt.毁灭；使破产vi.破产；堕落；被毁灭C.achieved vt.取得；获得；实现；成功vi.达到预期的目的，实现预期的结果，如愿以偿D.influenced n.影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事vt.影响；改变Part III Cloze(10%)Are some people born clever and others born stupid?Or is intelligence n.智力；情报工作；情报机关；理解力developed by our environment and our experiences（可数名词：经历；不可数名词：经验）?Strangely___51___,the answer to both these questions is yes.To some extent在一定程度上；在某种程度上our intelligence is given us at birth生下来时（innate adj.先天的；固有的；与生俱来的）,and no amount of即使再大（或再多）的…（也不）special education can make a genius n.天才，天赋；精神___52____a child born with low intelligence.On the other hand另一方面,a child who lives in boring adj.无聊的；令人厌烦的environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surrounding.Thus the___53___of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth,but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his ___54___.This view,not held by most experts can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent在一定程度上；在某种程度上___55___we are born with.The closer the blood relationship血统；血缘关系between two people,the closer they are likely to be in intelligence.Thus if we take two unrelated people___56___,it is likelythat their degrees of intelligence will be completely different.If on the other hand we take two identical twins[遗]同卵双胞胎；[妇产]单卵性双胎they will likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters,parents and children,usually have___57___intelligence and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.___58___now that we take identical twins and put them in different environments.We might send one,for example to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring.We would soon find differences in intelligence developing,and this indicates vt.表明；指出；预示；象征that environment___59___birth plays a part.This conclusion is also suggested by the ___60___that people who live in close contact with each other.But who are not related at all,are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.53.A.amounts n.数量，总额（amount的复数）v.总和（amount的第三人称单数形式）B.qualities[统计]品质C.limits n.限制；限度；界线vt.限制；限定D.scores n.分数；二十；配乐；刻痕vt.获得；评价；划线，刻划；把…记下vi.得分；记分；54.A.disposition n.处置；[心理]性情；[军]部署；倾向B.perception n.知觉；[生理]感觉；看法；洞察力；获取C.endowment n.捐赠；捐助；捐款；天资56.A.in advance adv.预先，提前B.for effect为了给人良好的印象；为了得到效果C.at random胡乱地；随便地；任意地D.under way进行中；航行中；在行进57.A.similar adj.相似的n.类似物B.various adj.各种各样的；多方面的C.appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的；合适的vt.占用，拨出D.inborn adj.天生的；先天的Part IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Passage One1.Fourteen-year-old Sean MeCallum lay in a hospital bed waiting for a new heart.Without it, Sean would die.Sean’s case is not unusual.Everyday many people die because there just aren’t enough human organs to go around.四处走动；供应；（消息）流传2.Now scientists say/they can alter the genetic make-up基因组成，遗传构成of certain animals/so that their organs may be acceptable to使...可接受humans.With this gene-altering technique to overcome vt.克服；胜过vi.克服；得胜（come over过来；顺便来访；抓住）our immune rejection免疫排斥to foreign organs,scientists hope to use pig heart for transplants vt.移植；迁移；使移居n.移植；移植器官；被移植物；移居者vi.移植；迁移；移居by the year2008.3.That prospect n.前途；预期；景色vi.勘探，找矿vt.勘探，勘察,however,has stirred up激起；煽动；搅拌；唤起strong opposition n.反对；反对派；在野党；敌对among animal fight activities.They protest vi.抗议；断言vt.抗议；断言n.抗议adj.表示抗议的；抗议性的that the whole idea of/using animal organs is cruel adj.残酷的，残忍的；使人痛苦的，让人受难的；无情的，严酷的and unjust.adj.不公平的，不公正的；非正义的.Some scientists also fear such transplants may transmit vt.传输；传播；发射；传达；遗传unknown diseases to humans.4.Others believe transplanting animal organs into humans is lions of/dollars spent on breeding pigs for their organs could be better spent on health education programs.They believe seventy-five percent of the heart disease cases that lead to a need for organ transplant are preventable adj.可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的.The key is to convince people to eat healthily,and not to smoke or drink alcohol.Scientists could also use research funds to improve artificial adj.人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的；武断的organs.5.Still others believe that though new inventions and prevention programs may help,spending money to encourage more people to donate their organs is an even better idea.If enough people were educated about organ donations,everyone who needed an organ could be taken off起飞；脱下；离开the waiting list in a year.61.What is the problem the passage begins with?A.High mortality rate of immune rejection.B.A malpractice n.玩忽职守；不法行为；治疗不当in heart transplantation.C.An unusual case of organ transplant.D.A shortage of human organs.62.Not only is the gene-altering technique a technical issue技术问题,according to the passage but also it_________________________.A.introduces an issue of inhumanity n.不人道，无人性；残暴B.raises the issue of justice n.司法，法律制裁；正义；法官，审判员in medicineC.presents a significant adj.重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的n.象征；有意义的事物threat to human nature人性；人类本性D.pushes the practice of organ transplant to the limits63.Doubtful of the necessity of using animal organs,some scientists___________________.A.are to narrow adj.狭窄的，有限的；勉强的；精密的；度量小的n.海峡；狭窄部分，隘路vt.使变狭窄the scope n.范围；余地；视野；眼界；导弹射程vt.审视of organ transplantsB.switch to v.切换到；转到；转变成t he development of artificial organse up with提出；想出；赶上alternatives to the current problemD.set out to打算，着手,开始purchase n.购买；紧握；起重装置vt.购买；赢得vi.购买东西better ways of treating heart disease64.It can be inferred from推断the concluding paragraph of the passage that __________________.A.the gene-altering technique will help those waiting for organ transplantsB.the present supply of human organs still has potential n.潜能；可能性；[电]电势adj.潜在的；可能的；势的（potent adj.有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的）to be explored vt.探索；探测；探险C.people prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿；提出；提升vi.喜欢；愿意the use of animal organs for medical purposes n.目的；用途；意志vt.决心；企图；打算D.the gene-altering technique leaves much to believed65.The information the passage carries is__________________________.A.enlightening adj.使人领悟的；有启发作用的v.启蒙；通知（enlighten的ing形式）B.unbelievable adj.难以置信的；不可信的C.imaginative adj.虚构的；富于想象的；有创造力的（imaginable可能的；可想像的）D.factual adj.事实的Passage Two1.There is a great irony n.讽刺；反语；具有讽刺意味的事adj.铁的；似铁的of21st century global health:While many hundreds of millions of数以亿计people lack adequate adj.充足的；适当的；胜任的food as a result of economic inequities n.不公平，不公正,political corruption政治腐败（corruption n.贪污，腐败；堕落）,or warfare n.战争；冲突,many hundreds of millions more are overweight/to the point of达到…的程度increased risk for/diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity n.肥大，肥胖is a worldwide phenomenon n.现象；奇迹；杰出的人才,affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but/the poorest countries/to divert vt.转移；使…欢娱；使…转向scarce resources稀有资源（scarce adj.缺乏的，不足的；稀有的adv.仅仅；几乎不；几乎没有）away from food security粮食安全；食品安全；食物保障to take care of people with preventable adj.可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的heart disease and diabetes.n.糖尿病；多尿症长难句：Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon,affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but/（the poorest countries）to divert away from/food security to/take care of people with /preventable heart disease and diabetes.2.To reverse n.背面；相反；倒退；失败vt.颠倒；倒转adj.反面的；颠倒的；反身的the obesity epidemic adj.流行的；传染性的n.传染病；流行病；风尚等的流行,we must address vt.演说；从事；忙于；写姓名地址；向…致辞；与…说话；提出；处理n.地址；演讲；致辞；说话的技巧；称呼the fundamental cause根本原因.Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended vt.花费；消耗；用光；耗尽in activity.The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity.People use extra income to eat more and be less physically active.Market economies encourage this.They make people with expendable adj.可消费的；排出的；不重复使用的；可牺牲的n.消耗品income into consumers of aggressively adv.侵略地；攻击地；有闯劲地（侵略=aggress;aggression;invade;invasion）（exaggerated adj.夸张的，言过其实的v.夸张，夸大aggravate vt.加重；使恶化；激怒）marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value营养价值,and of cars,television set,and computers that promote sedentary adj.久坐的；坐惯的；定栖的；静坐的behavior.Gaining weight are good business.Food is particularly business because everyone eats.3.Moreover adv.而且；此外,food is so overproduced vt.过度生产that many countries, especially the rich ones,have far more than远远超过，多得多的they need-another irony.In the United States,to take an extreme adj.极端的；极度的；偏激的；尽头的n.极端；末端；最大程度；极端的事物example,most adults--of all ages,incomes,educational levels,and census vt.实施统计调查n.人口普查，人口调查categories n.种类，分类；[数]范畴–are overweight.The U.S.food supply provides3800kilocalories per person per day,nearly twice as much as required vt.需要；要求；命令by many adults.Overabundant adj.太充足的；过多的food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising,health claims,new products,large portions.And campaigns vi.作战；参加竞选；参加活动n.运动；活动；战役directed toward children.Food marketing promotes weight gain.Indeed adv.的确；实在；真正地；甚至,it is difficult to think of any major industry that might benefit if people eat less food;certainly not the agriculture,food product, grocery n.食品杂货店,restaurant,diet or drug industries.All flourish n.兴旺；茂盛；挥舞；炫耀；华饰vt.夸耀；挥舞vi.繁荣，兴旺；茂盛；活跃；处于旺盛时期when people eat more.And all employ armies of lobbyists n.说客；活动议案通过者to discourage vt.阻止；使气馁government from doing anything to inhibit vt.抑制；禁止=bar；restrain；control；stay overeating.注：discourage sb from doing阻止某人做某事;阻止做某事;不鼓励;劝某人打消做某事的念头66.The great irony of21st century global public health refers to_____________.A.the cause of obesity and its counteractive adj.反作用的；抵抗的；反对的n.反作用；抵抗，对抗；反对measuresB.the insufficient and superfluous adj.多余的；不必要的；奢侈的consumption of foodC.the scarce natural resource and the negligence of food securityD.the consumption n.消费；消耗；肺痨of food and the increased risk for diet-related diseases67.To address the fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic,according to the passage,is _______.A.to improve political and economic managementB.to cope with处理，应付the energy imbalance issueC.to combat vt.反对；与…战斗n.战斗；争论adj.战斗的；为…斗争的diet-related chronic diseasesD.to increase investment in global health68.As we can learn from the passage,the second irony refers to参考；涉及；指的是；适用于_____________.A.affluence n.富裕；丰富；流入；汇聚and obesityB.food energy and nutritional valueC.food business and economic prosperity经济繁荣；发展生产（prosperity n.繁荣，成功）D.diseases of civilization n.文明；文化and pathology n.病理（学）;异常状态of inactivity69.As a result of the third irony,people_____________________.A.consume3800kilocalories on a daily basisplain about food overproductionC.have to raise their food expensesD.are driven towards朝...方向驱使（Drive Towards The Light驶向光明drive towards south照南开Drive Towards Zero零排放）weight gain70.Which of the following can be excluded vt.排除；排斥；拒绝接纳；逐出as we can understand based on the passage?A.The economic dimension.经济局面（层面）B.The political dimension政治方面（层面）C.The humane adj.仁慈的，人道的；高尚的dimension.人文方面（层面）D.The dietary n.饮食的规定；食谱adj.饮食的，饭食的，规定食物的dimension饮食层面注：dimension n.方面;[数]维；尺寸；次元；容积vt.标出尺寸adj.规格的3-dimension三维Passage Three1.Women find a masculine adj.男性的；阳性的；男子气概的n.男性；阳性，阳性词（muscle n.肌肉；力量vt.加强；使劲搬动；使劲挤出）face with a large jaw n.颌；下巴；狭窄入口；唠叨vt.教训；对…唠叨and a prominent adj.突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的brow n.眉，眉毛；额；表情more attractive when they are more likely to conceive vt.怀孕；构思；以为；持有，according to a study published in the June24Nature.Before,during,and just after menstruation n.[生理]月经；月经期间；有月经，however,they seem to be drawn to被…所吸引less angular adj.[生物]有角的；生硬的，笨拙的；瘦削的,more“feminine”adj.女性的；妇女（似）的；阴性的；娇柔的male faces, the researchers report.2.“Other studies of female preference n.偏爱，倾向；优先权,mainly for odors n.气味；名声,show changes across the menstrual cycle生理]月经周期,”says leading author Ian Penton-Voak of the University of St.Andrews on Scotland.“we thought/it would be interesting to look at visual adj.视觉的，视力的；栩栩如生的preferences and see if they changed also.3.The research showed39Japanese women composite n.复合材料；合成物；菊科adj.复合的；合成的；菊科的vt.使合成；使混合male faces that/emphasized masculine or feminine facial features面部特征；面容to differing degrees.The women preferred vt.更喜欢；宁愿；提出；提升images with more masculine features男性特性when they were in the fertile adj.富饶的，肥沃的；能生育的phase n.相；阶段；[天]位相vt.使定相；逐步执行of their menses n.[生理]月经；[生理]行经but favored more feminine features during their less fertile phase.4.The type of face women find attractive also seems to depend on the kind of relationship they wish to pursue vt.继续；从事；追赶；纠缠,according to another experiment.The cyclic preference for偏爱…muscular faces was evident adj.明显的；明白的=obvious/distinct/visible among23 British women asked to choose the most attractive face for a short-term adj.短期的relationship, Penton-Voak says.The26women asked to choose an attractive face for a long-term relationship 长期关系,however,preferred the more feminine features throughout their menstrual cycle.5.Another22women/who were using oral contraceptives[药]口服避孕药/did not show monthly changes/in the faces they preferred even for即使对于short-term relationships, indicating that表明,正在翻译,结果表明(indicat e vt.表明；指出；预示；象征)hormones n.[生理]激素，荷尔蒙might play a role in在……起作用determining vt.决定，确定；判定，判决；限定attractiveness n.吸引力；迷惑力,Penton-Voak says.6.Men/whose faces have some feminine softness n.温柔；柔和/are perceived as“kinder’men/who may make better husbands and partners,he adds,white macho adj.大男子气概的n.强壮男子；大丈夫features may be associated with和…联系在一起；与……有关，与……有关系higher testosterone(睾丸素)levels and good genes.He cautions n.小心，谨慎；警告，警示vt.警告,however,that research hasn’t yet shown a link between a woman’s preferences in such tests and her actual behavior实际行为.71.The researchers made a study on_____________________.A.women’s menstrual cycleB.men’s preferred female imagesC.women’s visual preferences of menD.men’s masculine and feminine features72.Women are drawn to a masculine face,according to the researchers,when they___________.A.grow to be feminineB.are on oral contraceptives[药]口服避孕药C.are ready for conception n.怀孕；概念；设想；开始D.are on menstruation n.[生理]月经；月经期间；有月经73.It was found in Britain that women’s preferred male images were influenced by受…的影响___________.A.their family planningB.the years of marriage they hadC.the length of their menstrual cycle[生理]月经周期D.the term of relationship they seek74.Just because the studies of female preferences show changes across the menstrual cycle,as Penton-Voak implies,does not mean that__________________.A.visual preferences do exist vi.存在；生存；生活；继续存在B.a woman acts this way is reality n.现实；实际；真实C.a man will buy into the phenomenon n.现象；奇迹；杰出的人才D.men and women prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿；提出；提升the same image75.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.Does a woman judge from a man’s appearance?B.Is there such a thing as beauty in the world?C.Are women more emotional than men?D.Is beauty more than meets the eye?Passage Four1.Well-do they or don’t they?For years,controversy n.争论；论战；辩论has raged n.愤怒；狂暴，肆虐；情绪激动vi.大怒，发怒；流行，风行over whether the electromagnetic fields电磁场produced by power lines电力线;输电线could cause cancer,especially leukemia白血病in young children.But in Britain last week,confusion n.混淆，混乱；困惑reached new heights达到新的高度.2.One team from Bristol announced that/it has evidence to back n.后面vt.支持；后退；背书；下赌注a controversial adj.有争议的；有争论的but plausible adj.貌似可信的，花言巧语的；貌似真实的，貌似有理的theory n.理论；原理；学说；推测which would explain how power lines might cause cancer(Electric fields attract airborne pollutants).Only to be followed/by the release of results/by another group/in London/which suggested/there is nothing to worry about.what is going on?3.Actually,the confusion may be more apparent adj.显然的；表面上的than real.There can be no doubt that/the effects/of power lines on water droplets水滴；微水滴，小水滴,pollutants and naturally occurring radon uncovered vt.发现；揭开；揭露by the Bristol team are real and interesting.But to suggest that/they have anything to do with leukemia in children is prematureadj.早产的；不成熟的；比预期早的n.早产儿；过早发生的事物.The extra n.临时演员；号外；额外的事物；上等产品adj.额外的，另外收费的；特大的adv.特别地，非常；另外exposure n.暴露；曝光；揭露；陈列to pollution for a child living near power lines would be tiny adj.微小的；很少的,and it is not obvious adj.明显的；显著的；平淡无奇的why radon-a gas normally associated with与…有关系；与…相联系lung cancer-would cause leukemia in children.4.The second study,which drew reassuring vt.使…安心，使消除疑虑blank,is the world’s biggest ever probe n.探针；调查vt.探查；用探针探测of the statistical adj.统计的；统计学的link between childhood cancers and magnetic fields of the sort produced by power lines and the electrical appliances日用电器.It is one of several recent studies近代研究that have failed to find a link.Unlike adj.不同的，不相似的earlier research,these newer studies involved vt.包含；牵涉；使陷于；潜心于going into homes to measure the electromagnetic fields.The fields they measured included vt.包含，包括(exclude vt.排除；排斥；拒绝接纳；逐出.preclude vt.排除；妨碍；阻止) input from major power lines if they were nearby.5.Which is not to say the research is perfect.Critics n.评论家；批评者；吹毛求疵的人（critic的复数）argue that/Britain’s childhood cancer study,for example,has not yet taken into account考虑；重视；体谅(take sth into account对某事加以考虑;考虑;把;考虑某事)the surges n.汹涌；大浪，波涛；汹涌澎湃；巨涌v.汹涌；起大浪，蜂拥而来in exposure that might come from,say, switching appliances on and off.And some people might wonder n.惊奇；奇迹；惊愕vt.怀疑；惊奇；对…感到惊讶adj.奇妙的；非凡的why measurements of the electric fields that are also produced by power lines did not figure n.数字；人物；图形；价格；（人的）体形；画像vt.计算；认为；描绘；象征in last week’s study.But neither criticism n.批评；考证；苛求amounts to相当于，总计为a fatal blow.致命的打击.Electrical fields cannot penetrate vt.渗透；穿透；洞察the body significantly adv.意味深长地；值得注目地,for example.6.A more serious concern vt.涉及，关系到；使担心n.关系；关心；关心的事whether the British research provides an all-clear adj.放行；空袭警报信号解除的；无危险信号的signal for such countries such as the US where power lines carry more current and therefore adv.因此；所以produce higher magnetic fields.Pedants(书呆子)would conclude vt.推断；决定，作结论；结束that it doesn’t.But these counties will not have long to wait for answers from a major Japanese study.7.In Britain the latest epidemiological study流行病学研究can be taken as the final word on the matter.If the electromagnetic fields in Britain homes can in some unforeseen adj.未预见到的，无法预料的way increase the risk of cancer,we can now be as certain as science allows that the increase is too tiny to measure.76.Both the question“Well-do they or don’t they?”and the question“what is going on?”suggest _______________.A.the high incidence of LeukemiaB.the advent n.到来；出现；基督降临；基督降临节of bewilderment n.困惑；迷乱；慌张among peopleC.the warning of the worsening air pollutionD.the tense relation between Bristol and London77.What would the author say of the result of the first study?A.Enlightening adj.使人领悟的；有启发作用的v.启蒙；通知（enlighten的ing形式）B.Insignificant adj.无关紧要的C.Reassuring adj.安心的；可靠的；鼓气的v.使放心（reassure的ing形式）D.Apparent adj.显然的；表面上的(parent n.父亲（或母亲）；父母亲；根源)78.What can be suggested from the results of the second study?A.There does exist a danger zone near power lines.B.There is much to be improved in terms of design.。

2010年河南大学考博英语真题含答案

2010年河南大学考博英语真题含答案

2010年河南大学考博英语真题注意：1、答案必须做在答题纸上，做在本试卷上一律不得分。

2、不得在试题和答题纸上作任何与答题无关的标记，否则以作弊论处。

Part 1. VocabularyDirections: In this part there are 30 incompletes. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes thesentence. Then put your choice in the corresponding blank on the AnswerSheet.(15%,0.5point for each )1. When she was a student, his father gave him a monthly towards his expense.A currencyB payC allowanceD permission2. The newly built Science Building seems enough to last a hundred years.A spaciousB sophisticatedC substantialD steady3. There is an undesirable nowadays to make firms showing violence.A directionB traditionC phenomenonD trend4. Competition, they believe, the national character rather than corrupt it.A enforcesB confirmsC intensifiesD strengthens5. Man closes his eyes quickly when a fly suddenly rushes to his face, we can callit theof human being.A volunteerB stimulationC instinctD nature6. Without a wholehearted to a keen forward-looking vision and a deep insight, you can not be a leader.A obligationB determinationC resolutionD commitment7. John planned to take part in the competition but had to on account of the car accident.A. break out B get out C drop out D look out8. My university courses are not really to the needs of the students or their future employers.A associatedB relativeC gearedD sufficient9. The population question courses as well as well as some other issues is going to be discussed when the congress is in again next spring.A assemblyB sessionC conferenceD convention10. When at the party, be sure not to form the person who tries to encourage you in conversation.A turn awayB turn downC turn offD turn back11. We were so fascinated by the Yangtze River that we spent hours sittingno its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts.A medianB mightyC measurableD maximal12. Accuracy and expressiveness are two in translation, the first is toexpress the exact thought of the original article and the second is to make the translation readily understood.A acquisitionsB requisitesC requestsD inquires13. All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read the letters from their families.A affectionateB sentimentalC intimateD sensitive14. Although the pay is not good, people usually find social work in otherway.A payableB respectfulC gratefulD rewarding15. It is well known that Knowledge is the condition for expansion ofmind.A incompatibleB incredibleC indefiniteD indispensable16. Teachers set up those for no other purpose than to challenge thestudents to overcome them.A. principles B obstacles C standards D goals17. Try as we would, they could not be brought to give their .A consentB complaintC contentD completion18. My passport last month, so I will have to get a new one.A elapsedB expiredC endedD terminated19. Today paper houses are holding up well under the forces of nature and are more people than at first.A furnishingB containingC providingD accommodating20. During the night a person’s temperature may drop one or two degrees, and itcan be difficult tohim in the morning if his body hasn’t become hot yet.A ariseB arouseC arouseD rise21. In order to their difference, both generation must realize that the worldhas changed, that new responses are necessary for many of the problems of society.A deduceB reconcileC complementD compensate22. The most efficient of practice or study sessions varies with thekind of material being learned.A distinctionB distributionC diversionD domination23. This is the first draft of the books. Please feel perfectly free to it.A cope withB comment onC complainD confirm24. If you can convince the interviewer of your special qualifications, your changeof being accepted will be greatly .A appreciatedB encouragedC frustratedD enhanced25. An extra part was added to the house in 1850, which spoilt the ofits front.A symmetryB synthesisC strategyD similarity26. Interest rates generally in a cyclical manner depending upon thestrength and weakness of the economic.A flushB flattenC minimizingD magnifying27. Unlike a judge, who must act alone, a jury discusses a case and reaches itsdecision as a group, thus the effect of individual bias.A maximizingB strengtheningC minimizingD magnifying28. I with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this newcolumn.A expressB confessC verifyD acknowledge29. Knowledge, experience and pleasure can be from good reading.A deprivedB derivedC ensuredD guaranteed30. It was a small country house but it was large urban standards.A atB forC withD byPart II StructureDirections: In this part there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completesthe sentence. Then put your choice in the corresponding blank on theAnswer Sheet.（15%，1 point for each）31. I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time thelast bus.A to have caughtB to catchC catchingD havingcaught32. Great efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage avoided.A is to beB can beC will beD has been33. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, insufficiently popular with all members.A being consideredB consideringC to be consideredD having considered34. Help will come from the UN, but the aid will be near what’s needed.A everywhereB somewhereC nowhereD anywhere35. For there successful communication, there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present.A isB to beC will beD being36. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe it provides thebuilding blocks from which the other elements are produced.A so thatB but thatC in thatD provided that37. Scientists generally agree that the Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 yearsit has warned in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.A as long asB as much asC as soon asD as well as38. The business of each day, selling goods or shopping them, went quite smoothly.A it beingB be itC was itD it was39. for her anthropological research. Miss Meal also was involved with the World Federation Mental Health.A Noted primarilyB Nothing primarilyC Being primarily notedD having primarily noted40. Tom slowed down his walking pace, himself for acting so foolishly, for there was nothing to fear in a town as quiet as this.A. ashaming of B to be ashamed of C ashamed of D having ashamed of41. Collin’s struggle to make a place for herself as ballet is the kind of life story a fascinating novel might be written.A of whichB about whichC by whichD for which42. I know nothing about the matter I have read in the newspaperA. but what B but that C in that D beyond what43. The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half .A of last year’sB those of last year’sC of that of last year’sD of those of last year44. It isn’t cold enough for there a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.A would beB beingC wasD to be45 The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree the students’potentiality is developed.A of whichB with whichC in whichD to which Part III. Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are three passages. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. After reading the passage, you should decideon the best choices and then put your choice in the corresponding blankon the Answer Sheet. (30%, 2point for each)Question 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When we think of creative people the names that probably spring to mind are thoseof men such as Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, and Pablo Picasso, i.e. great artists, inventors and scientist — a selected and exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius. The tendency to regard creativity and imaginative thinking as the exclusive of lucky few disregards the creative and imaginative aspects inherent in the solution of many of the tasks we regularly have to face —— the discovery and development of new methods and techniques, the improvement of old methods, existing inventions and products.Everyone has creative ability to some extent. Creative thinking involves posting oneself a problem and then originating or inventing a solution along new and unconventional lines. It involves drawing new analogies, discovering new combinations, and/or new applications of things that are already known. It follows, then, that a creative person will exhibit great intellectual curiosity and imagination. He will be alert and observant with a great store of information which he will be able to sort out and combine, in the solution of problems. He will be emotionally receptive to new and unconventional ideas and will be less interested in facts than in their implications. Most important of all, he will be able to communicate uninhibitedly and will not be too concerned about other people’s reaction to his apparently “crazy” notions. People called the Wright brothers mad but it did not stop them from becoming the first men to construct and fly a heavier-than-air craft.46. The author believes that creative thinking .A is only possessed by great artistsB requires rare talent and geniusC is needed in the solution of many problems.D belongs to a lucky few47. In order to solve scientific problems, peopleA should not be afraid of what others thinkB should be madC must possess crazy notionsD should have inhibitions48. Creative thinking involvesA drawing new pictures of old thingsB observing the action of great peopleC finding the problems and originating a solutionD discovering new emotion49. A creative person shouldA not be interested in factsB look at facts for what they implyC be more interested in applying new ideas than in factsD be emotional when he looks at facts50. Which is the following is true?A. A creative person is emotional B Creative people are few and luckyC Most people are creativeD Anyone has some creativity Question 51 to 55are based on the following passage.Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does notlearn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking.He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses andthe language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes tomake his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learning to doall the other things they learn to do without being taught— to walk, run, climb,whistle, ride a bicycle—compare their own performances with those of more skilledpeople, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a childa chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do itall for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unlessit was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomesdependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the helpof other children if he wants it, what this is a good way of saying or doing thisor not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, gavehim the answer book. Let him correct him own papers. Why should we teachers wastetime on such routine work?Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the wayto get the right answer. Let’s end all nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let usthrow them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own outstanding, how to know what they know or donot know.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, withour help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body ofknowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life in nonsensein a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teacherssay,“But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will needto get on in the world”Don’t worry! If it is essential, they will go out intothe world and learn it.51. What does the author think is the best way for the children to learn things?A by copying what other people doB by making mistakes and having them correctedC by listening to explanations from skilled peopleD by asking a great many questions52. What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?A .They give children correct answerB They point out children’s mistakes to themC They allow children to mark their own workD They encourage children to copy from one another53. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycleare .A. not really important skillsB more important than other skillsC basically different from learning adult skillsD basically the same as learning other skills54. Exams, grades and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by .A. educated persons B teachersC the children themselvesD parents55. The author fears that children will grow up into adults who are .A too independent of othersB too critical themselvesC unable to think for themselvesD unable to use basic skillsQuestion 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge.(facts)Even in the true science distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited (使不相信). The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that and specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at stratifying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes —for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. Is this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science. Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their finding would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientistsdedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic(抱歉) about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.56. To define science we may simply call it .A the study of unrelated fieldsB classified knowledgeC the study of unrelated subjectsD an attempt to explain natural phenomena57. Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope, .A is not always as pure as we supposeB necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cellC may lead to antiscientific, “impure” resultsD necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery a cell58. Which of the following statements does the author imply?A. In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fictionB Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure scienceC Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveriesD Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.59. A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach .A. pure scienceB. environmental scienceC. applied scienceD. agricultural science60. The best title for the passage is .A Hypotheses and TheoriesB On Distinguishing Fact from FictionC The Nature of Science and ScientistsD Biology and the Scientific AgePart IV. TranslationDirections: Read the following passage and translate it into Chinese. Put your translation on the Answer Sheet. (20%).Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and general and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year ,or manured a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conquer or general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savage is good, but it is not be civilized.Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that side which has killed most has won. It means that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the greatest wars in history, in which millions of people do not fight and kill each other in the streets, that is to say, we have got to stage of keeping the rules an behaving properly to each other in daily life while nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.Part V. WritingDirections: Since the last decade foreign language examination has always been a perquisite ( 先决条件) for promotion in professional titles. Recently there is the heated discussion about this kind of examination. Some people even denounce it as something stupid that wasted both-energy and money. There is no practical use at all. In this part you are required to write a comment of about 250 words on this kind of examination. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet. (20%)。

河北大学考博英语真题试题试卷2011

河北大学考博英语真题试题试卷2011

Part I Grammar and Vocabulary(15%)1.He______his children nothing and gave them everything they wanted,which spoiled the children.A)disagreed B)rejected C)declined D)denied2.The new apartment house that was built a few months ago is large enough to______over two hundred people.A)accommodate B)settle C)live D)share3.Despite______,it did a great deal of good work inside the trade union.A)mistakes and weaknessesB)of mistakes and weaknessesC)it had mistakes and weaknessesD)there were mistakes and weaknesses4.She isn't rich;______that she will ever be.A)and I imagine B)and do I imagine C)nor I imagine D)nor do I imagine5.It is an almost universal truth______the more we are promoted in a job,the less we actually exercise the skills weinitially used to perform itA)that B)which C)what D)as6.Think carefully before you answer his questions.You may be trapped______vital information.A)giving away B)to give away C)into giving away D)give away7.Marianne was tempted to turn the large rooms into traditional French-style salons,______Howard was in favorof a typically English look.A)when B)which C)where D)while8.The school has very good teachers,but when it comes______its buildings,the school is poor.A)to renovate B)to renovating C)for renovating D)as renovate9.That book is worth at Least$15,but we could let you have it______$10.A)for B)by C)at D)on10.Though be worked part time after class,his exam results are______above average.A)away B)too C)very D)way?11.Tommy talks about pyramids as though he______them himself.A)sees B)has seen C)is seeing D)had seen12.Non-gaseous substances which______naturally as pure elements,such as gold,are rare and are often highly valued.A)happen B)occur C)perceive D)assume13.______the government's record on unemployment,their chances of winning the election look poor.A)Give B)Giving C)Given D)To give14.A sacred site might be a mountain that is______some significance to a tribe.A)with B)by C)of D)at15.He said ft was important that every member______his subscription by the end of the month.A)send B)sent C)had sent D)would sentPart II Reading Comprehension(25%)Directions:There are5passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A)B)C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions16to20are based on the following passage:Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.The primary nurse stays with the patient through the hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor.If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor.What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is atrue colleague.Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized(分散的)nursing administration.Every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses.In addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising,and they make salary recommendations.Each unit’s nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.Beth Israel’s nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital.She is also a member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.16.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?A)The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.B)Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.C)The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.D)The primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.17.It can be inferred from the passage that______.A)compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient.B)in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of viewC)in most hospitals nurses get low salariesD)compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital18.A primary nurse can propose different approach of treatment when______.A)the present one is refused by the patientB)the patient complains about the present oneC)the present one proves to be ineffectiveD)the patient is found unwilling to cooperate19.The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former______.A)is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospitalB)has to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nursesC)can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient.D)has full responsibility in the administration of the unit's nurses.20.The author's attitude towards the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital is______.A)negative B)neutral C)critical D)positiveQuestions21to25are based on the following passage:The quality of university life is declining under strain from the higher education,leading independent schools in British complied.The warning followed survey of the impressions of campus life gained by students of school. Poor interviewing of the applicants,infrequent contacts with tutors,worries over student safety,and even complaint over the food were seen as symptoms of the pressure on universities.Head teachers said that standards could well drop if the squeeze on universities budgets continued.A survey was carried out because of fears that the level of green area in universities had declined.A great number of student suicides had raised concerns among head teachers.Although most of the6,000students surveyed were enjoying university life,almost a third were less than satisfied with their course.About one in10had serious financial problems and some give alarming accounts of conditions around their halls of their residence.Incidents mentioned included a fatal stabbing and shooting outside a hall of residence,the petrol bombing of cars near another residence,and two racist attacks.Nine percent of women and seven percent of men rated security as unsatisfactory in the area where they lived.Stanford University had the lowest satisfaction ncaster and Kinston universities were rated the safest.The survey confirmed head teachers'fears about contact between students and tutors slipping,with a quarter of the students seeing their tutors only every three weeks.New students,used to regular contact with their teachers, found it hard to adapt to the change.Interview techniques were a cause for concern,with the school calling for more training of the university staff involved in admissions.Some headmasters complained that interviews were increasingly“odd”.One greeted an applicant by throwing him an apple.Another interview lasted only three minutes. About a quarter of the students found the workload at university heavier than they had expected.Imperial College London,Oxford,and Cambridge universities registered by far the highest workload.There were differences between subjects,with architectures,engineering,veterinary science,medicine and some science subjects demanding the most work.Veterinary science was nevertheless the most popular subject,followed byphysiotherapy and history of art.General engineering,economics,computing and sociology were the least popular. The survey also confirmed that previous concerns about possible racial prejudice in admissions to medical courses. Applicants with names suggesting an ethnic minority background had been rejected with qualifications as good as successful white candidates.21.According to the passage,the main problem existing in the interview of admission is that______.A)the interviewers often greeted the applicants by throwing an appleB)the interviewers spent only a few minutes interviewing an applicantC)the interviewers were not knowledgeable to interview the applicantsD)the interviewers lack enough training and interview techniques22.From the passage,we can learn that______.A)most students surveyed were satisfied with university lifeB)many head teachers were killed by the students in universityC)veterinary science was popular for its workload was lightD)students were worried about the squeeze on university budgets23.From the passage,we can see that the author's description of the quality of university life in British is______.A)objectiveB)subjectiveC)pessimisticD)arbitrary24.Among the following,which is the proper statement of the status of the student’s security?A)Fatal stabbing and shooting often happened outside the hall of residence.B)The students in British were so worried about their security in university.C)Students were often watchful against people around their halls of residence.D)The status of students’security in Stanford University might be awful.25.From the passage,we can infer that in high school,students______?A)were never worried about their securityB)had regular contact with their tutorsC)were often dissatisfied with their courseD)were worried about their entrance examQuestions26to30are based on the following passage:Many stray dogs and cats wander in the streets of the ually they end up in animal shelters,where staffs must find ways to dispose of them.One legitimate disposal route has been the research lab.But in California, animal rights groups recently have been learning(leaning)hard on animal shelters,effectively cutting off much of the supply.About30years ago,Los Angeles voters defeated a proposal to prohibit the release of the animals for the laboratory use.But today,with new proposals being submitted to city councils and country boards,the result could be well different.And the new proposals are much more sweeping.They would create review boards for all animal experimentation.A group of California investigators even have organized a committee for animal research in medicine.“Most scientists don’t realize the danger,”ways Caltech neurobiologist John M.Allman,who uses monkeys to study the organization of the brain.“Such movements in the past---in this country,at least—have largely been the efforts of small,fragmented and relatively ineffective groups.But this new movement is carefully orchestrated,well organized,and well financed.”it is easy to look at the history of animal experimentation and compile a catalog of horrors.But the day is long past when a researcher can take animal and do anything he pleases to it with a total disregard for its welfare and comfort.“People don’t realize,”says Allman,“that we are already extensively reviewed.In my work I must follow the ethical codes laid down by the National Institute of Health and the American Physiological Society,among others.And we might have a surprise visit at any time from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s inspectors.It’s the USDA field veterinarians who do the enforcing.Believe me,these inspections are anything,but routine,and these fellows have a great deal of power.Because their reports can adversely affect federal funding,their recommendations are,in reality,orders.”It is important that the animal rights advocates do not impose their solutions on society.It would be tragic indeed---when medical science is close to learning so much more that is very useful to our health and welfare---ifalready regulation-burdened and budget-restrained researchers were further hampered.I wander about those purists who seek to halt all animal experimentation on moral grounds:Do they also refuse,for themselves and others,to accept any remedy—or information—that gained through animal experimentation?And do they have the right to make such decisions on behalf of all patients in cancer wards?26.According to Para.2,which of the following statements is true?A)People in Los Angeles voted against sending animals to lab30years ago.B)People in Los Angeles voted for sending animals to animal shelters30years ago.C)People in Los Angeles hold the same attitudes toward the laboratory use of animals as30years ago.D)The attitude of people in Los Angeles toward the laboratory use of animals has changed in the past30yes.27.What does the word“orchestrated”in Para.3most probably mean?A)Arranged.B)Performed.C)Held.D)Formed.28.The following organizations may have strong influence on animal experimentation in Los Angeles except____.A)National Institute of Health B)American Physiological SocietyC)U.S.Department of Agriculture D)City Council29.If animal rights advocates realize their ideas on the experimentation,what will happen?A)The scientists are sure to gain more research results.B)It may help the scientists to gain more financial did.C)The government may choose their regulation of the experimentation.D)The development of medical science may slow down.30.What’s the author’s attitude towards people who oppose animal experimentation?A)Supportive.B)Opposite.C)Indifferent.D)unclear.Questions31to35are based on the following passage:Most people would agree that,although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge,there is no corresponding increase in wisdom.But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define“wisdom”and consider means of promoting it.There are several factors that contribute to wisdom.Of these I should put first a sense of proportion:the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight.This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians.Suppose,for example,that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine.The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your mind.You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine.You succeed(let us say)as modern medicine has succeeded,in enormously lowering the infant death-rate,not only in Europe and America,but also in Asia and Africa.This has the entirely unintended result of making food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations.To take an even more dramatic example,which is in everybody’s mind at the present time:you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.Therefore,with every increase of knowledge and skill,wisdom becomes more necessary,for every such increase augments(增强)our capacity for realizing our purposes,and therefore augments our capacity for evil,if our purposes are unwise.31.Disagreement arises when people try to decide______.A)how much more wisdom we have now than beforeB)what wisdom is and how to develop itC)if there is a great increase of wisdom in our ageD)whether wisdom can be developed or not32.According to the author,“wisdom”is the ability to______.A)carefully consider the bad effects of any kind of research workB)give each important problem some careful considerationC)acquire a great deal of complex and special knowledgeD)give suitable consideration to all the possible elements in a problem33.Lowering the infant death-rate may_______.A)prove to be helpful everywhere in the worldB)give rise to an increase m population in EuropeC)cause food shortages in Asia and AfricaD)raise the living standard of the people in Africa34.The author uses the examples in the passage to illustrate his point that______.A)it's extremely difficult to consider all the important elements in a problemB)success in medical research has its negative effectsC)scientists may unknowingly cause destruction to the human raceD)it's unwise to be totally absorbed in research in scientific medicine35.What is the main idea of the passage?A)It is unwise to place the results of scientific research in the lands of a.powerful mad man.B)The more knowledge one has,the wiser one becomes.C)Any Increase of knowledge could lead to disastrous results without the guidance of wisdom.D)Wisdom increases in proportion to one's age.Questions36to40are based on the following passage:Looking back on my childhood,I am convinced that naturalist are born and not made.Although we were all brought up in the same way,my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects.Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages.I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary.I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in,of my room and my toys.Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents,aunts,uncles and cousins who gathered next door.But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs,the farm animals,the local birds,and above all,the insects.I am a naturalist,not a scientist.I have a strong love for the natural world and my enthusiasm had led me into varied investigations.I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people's observations and discoveries.Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind.Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle,because it all seems to fit together.This has resulted in my publishing300papers and books,which some might be honored with the title of scientific research.But curiosity,a keen eye,a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline,a quality I lack.A scientist requires not only self-discipline but hard training,determination and a goal.A scientist,up to a point,can be made.A naturalist is born.If you can combine the two,you get the best of both worlds.36.The first paragraph tells us the author______.A)was interested in flowers and insects in his childhoodB)lost his hearing when he was a childC)didn't like Ms brothers and sistersD)was born to a naturalist's family37.The author can't remember his relatives clearly because______.A)he didn't live very long with themB)the family was extremely largeC)he was too young when he lived with themD)he was fully occupied with observing nature38.It can be inferred from the passage that the author was______.A)a scientist as well as a naturalistB)not a naturalist but a scientistC)no more than a born naturalistD)first of all a scientist39.The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he______.A)has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmeticB)lacks some of the qualities required of a scientistC)just reads about other people's observations and discoveriesD)comes up with solutions in a most natural way40.According to the author,a born naturalist should first of all be______.A)full of ambition B)knowledgeableC)full of enthusiasm D)self-disciplinedTranslate the following sentences into Chinese(25%)41.Let's hope our educators answer students'cries for career education,but at the same time let's ensure thatstudents are prepared for the day when they realize their short-sightedness.There is a lot more to life than job.42.The Olympics remains the most pure example of competition for the sake of competition itself.Athletessacrifice their careers and bodies risking injury,defeat and complete failure to compete for nothing more than honor for their country and themselves.43.Once you turn on a new leaf,you can't expect to change completely right away.You are bound to fluctuate attimes.The key is to be satisfied with gradual improvement,expecting and accepting the occasional slips that come with any change.44.To be a healthy person physically and psychologically,one should lead a balanced life.Those little things---reading mystery novels,playing volleyball.Spending time with family and friends---may seem relatively insignificant means to a healthy end.But,they can be at least rewarding.45.Excluding someone because he or she has a disability that does not affect performance is equivalent to wrongssuch as hiring based on race.Everyone deserves to have the opportunity to do a good job,and as a result have a sense of pride in being a part of society.Part IV Writing(15points)46.Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic We Need to Turn to Education for Prosperity.You should write at least150words and you should base your composition onthe outline(given in Chinese)below:1.教育的作用和意义。

河北工业大学考博英语核心词汇集锦

河北工业大学考博英语核心词汇集锦1.vocal['vəukəl] a.声音的;有声的;歌唱的n.元音;声乐作品2.vocation[vəu'keiʃən]n.职业;召唤;天命;天职;才能3.voice[vɔis]"n.声音;嗓音;发音能力;意见,发言权;语态"4.void[vɔid] a.空虚的;没有的;无效的5.volcano[vɔl'keinəu]n.火山6.volleyball['vɔlibɔ:l]n.排球7.volt[vɔlt]n.伏特8.voltage['vəultidʒ]n.电压9.volume['vɔlju:m]"n.容积,体积;卷,册;音量"10.voluntary['vɔləntəri]"a.自愿的,志愿的"11.volunteer"[,vɔlən'tiə]""n./v.自愿(者,兵);自愿(提供)"12.vote[vəut]"n.投票,表决;选票,选票数v.投票,表决"13.vowel['vauəl]"n.元音,元音字母"14.voyage['vɔiidʒ]n.航海;航行;旅行需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

15.vulgar['vʌlɡə] a.粗俗的，庸俗的，本土的，通俗的，普通的16.vulnerable['vʌlnərəbl]a.易受攻击的17.wage[weidʒ]"n.(常pl.)工资,报酬vt.进行,开展"18.wagon['wæɡən]"n.运货马车,运货车;敞蓬车厢"19.waist[weist]"n.腰,腰部"20.wait[weit]v.(for)等待;(on)侍候n.等候，等待时间21.waiter[weitə]"n.侍者,服务员"22.waitress['weitris]"n.女侍者,女服务员"23.wake[weik]"v.醒来,唤醒;使觉醒,激发,引起"24.waken['weikən]"v.醒,弄醒,唤醒"25.walk[wɔ:k]v.走，步行，散步;走遍n.走，步行，散步26.wall[wɔ:l]n.墙，壁，围墙vt.筑墙围住，用墙隔开27.wallet['wɔlit]"n.皮夹,钱包"28.wander['wɔndə]"v.漫步,徘徊;迷路,迷失方向;离题"29.want"[wɔnt,wɔ:nt]""vt.想要;希望;需要;缺,缺少n.需要;短缺"30.war[wɔ:]n.战争(状态);冲突vi.作战31.ward[wɔ:d]n.病房;行政区;监护;被监护人vt.挡住32.wardrobe['wɔ:drəub]"n.衣柜,衣厨;衣服;行头;剧装"33.warehouse"['wεəhaus,'wεəhauz]""n.仓库,货栈"34.warfare['wɔ:fεə]n.战争(状态);斗争;冲突35.warm[wɔ:m] a.温暖的，热心的，热情的v.(使)变暖36.warmth[wɔ:mθ]"n.暖和,温暖;热心,热情"37.warn[wɔ:n]vt.警告vi.发出警告38.warrant"['wɔrənt,'wɔ:-]""n.正当理由;许可证,委任状v.保证,担保"39.wash"[wɔʃ,wɔ:ʃ]"n.洗;洗的衣物vt.冲刷，洗;冲出vi.洗澡40.waste[weist]v.浪费 a.无用的;荒芜的n.浪费;废物41.watch"[wɔtʃ,wɔ:tʃ]"v.观看;看守;(for)窥伺，等待n.看管;表42.watch"[wɔtʃ,wɔ:tʃ]"v.观看;注视;看守;警戒n.注视;手表;守护43.water"['wɔ:tə,'wɔ-]"n.水vt.浇灌;给…饮水vi.流泪，加水44.waterfall"['wɔ:təfɔ:l,'wɔ-]"n.瀑布45.waterproof"['wɔ:təpru:f,'wɔ-]""a.防水的,耐水的"46.watt[wɔt]"n.瓦,瓦特"47.wave[weiv]"n.波浪;(挥手)示意;飘扬v.(挥手)示意,致意"48.wax[wæks]"n.蜡,蜂蜡v.打蜡"49.way[wei]n.道路，路程;方法/式，手段;习惯;状态50.we[wi:弱wi]pron.我们<主格>本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

考博英语词汇大全完全版

考博英语词汇大全完全版XXX in the air。

such as XXX is the term for space XXX is a platform outside of a building。

Bald means having no hair on the head。

A XXX。

and a XXX insect。

and someone who is nearsightedXXX means to give or grant。

To bewilder means to confuse or perplex。

To bid can mean to offer a price or to give a command。

A bishop is a XXX to the middle class。

and a bridegroom XXX is a metal alloy。

and a brood can refer to a group of XXX is a type of animal。

and a bug can be an XXX is a type of horn。

and to bump means to collide or hit。

Bureaucracy refers to a system of government with many rules and XXX cooking。

and to buzz means to make a humming sound。

Cable can XXX。

XXX is a building material。

and to censor means to review and edit。

Charcoal is a type of fuel made from wood or other organic materials.Curly refers to something that is curled or has curls。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编36.doc

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编36.doc考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编36(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on ______(2005年春季电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.consciousnessB.impulseC.instinctD.response2.The university has sought to ______ a special fund for physically disabled students. (2008年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.administer/doc/385115547.html,plimentC.performD.institute3.For many people, overeating and overspending are as ______ to Christmas as candles and holly.(2002年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.integralB.suitableC.inevitable/doc/385115547.html,patible4.She did not go out because of the ______cold.（分数：2.00）A.tenseB.intenseC.intensiveD.extensive5.Efforts to reach the injured men have been ______ because of a sudden deterioration in weather conditions.(2002年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.enforcedB.intensifiedC.continuedD.strengthened6.As the pressure______the liquid rock is forced up through channels in the resistant rock to the earth's surface.(2003年南开大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.intensifiesB.magnifiesC.heightensD.deviates7.The patient's health failed to such an extent that he was put into______care.（分数：2.00）A.intensiveB.rigidC.tenseD.tight8.Charles has not the least______ of giving up his research.（分数：2.00）A.intentionB.ideaC.play9.She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn't my______to hurt her.(2002年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.intentB.schemeC.intentionD.meaning10.Whatever the questions he really wanted to ask at the reprocessing plant, though, he would never allow his personal feelings to ______with an assignment(2007年3月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.interruptB.botherC.interfereD.intervene11.The poor reception on your TV is probably due to outside______.（分数：2.00）A.interferenceB.inaccessibilityC.interruptionD.irregularity12.The old man______the events of the time in accordance with his peculiar ideas.（分数：2.00）A.understoodB.forecastC.toldD.interpreted13.In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to ______ dreams were likely to be highly respected.(2005年春季电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.interpretB.interveneC.inheritD.impact14.It's rude to______people when they are speaking.（分数：2.00）A.interruptB.disruptC.interfereD.intervene15.Because of her dual nationality in the United States and Mexico, Maria was almost required to pay taxes in both countries until her accountant______ with a satisfactory solution for both countries.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.interceptedB.interactedC.interpretedD.intervened16.He was very angry. He refused to give any______ to journalists.（分数：2.00）A.chanceB.opportunityC.interviewD.audience17.When one calls a man "Jack" instead of "Mr. Hill", he is on ______ terms with him.（分数：2.00）B.regularC.formalD.intimate18.A stateless young man may have felt______ after having been denied asylum and right of residence by many countries.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.intriguedB.initiatedC.indicatedD.intimidated19.The novel's unusual name______ me, so I bought one without hesitation.(2007年中国矿业大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.invertedB.invadedC.intervenedD.intrigued/doc/385115547.html,munication orally involves more than reading or talking: gesture, posture, movements may all be ______to it.(2002年10月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.intrinsicB.coherentC.appealingD.submissive21.Diamonds have little______value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.(2011年四川大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic22.A new system of quality control was ______to overcome the defects in the firm's products.（分数：2.00）A.installedB.insertedC.introducedD.admitted23.It is very strange but I had an ______ that the plane wouldcrash.(2011年四川大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.inspirationB.intuitionC.imaginationD.incentive24.AIDS is causing great public concern because the ______ fatal disease hits primarily young people.(2002年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.invariablyB.imperativelyC.transientlyD.deceptively25.In March Israel launched a major ______ of Lebanon, seizing about 10 percent of the land.（分数：2.00）A.intrusionC.invasionD.aggression。

河北大学2007博士统考英语真题

Part ΙV ocabulary and Structure1.She was embarrassed by her friend’s bad manners.A ashamed because ofB endangered byC amazed atD challenged2.Archaeological discoveries strengthened the hypothesis that Troy existed.A assumptionB propositionC idealD concept3.The substance of an education is its effect on your life, and is not just the ability to pass the life.A purportB natureC essenceD feature4.The people in the room were shocked by his blasphemous language.A exaggerativeB offensiveC boastfulD thrilling5.He found the old house in complete desolation.A distinctionB devastationC dispositionD disillusion6.His remark are always succinct.A wittyB briefC instructiveD humourous7.I resent his hypocritical posing as a friend for he is interested only in his own advancement.A selfishB uglyC deceptiveD frank8.He managed to keep an earnest expression on his face even though he wanted to smile.A a dramaticB a neutralC a seriousD an annoyed9.The merit of a sales tax is that it decreases government reliance on income taxes.A impositionB surplusC virtueD interaction10. Few disputes between neighbours can not be settled outside the courtroom.A apologiesB billsC anxicticsD argumentsⅡFor each of the following incomplete sentences there are four choices marked A BC and D.Y ou are to choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.11. Milk proteins________ for their high nutritional content.A valuedB is valuedC are valuedD are to be valued12. I insist on _________ this small present as a token of my appreciation.A you to acceptB your acceptingC you acceptingD you accept13. _________ a raining day ,we gave up our plan to go for an outing.A WithB WithC BeingD It being14.__________ the conclusion of each theatrical production, the east customarily reappears before the audience to take a bow.A OutB BeforeC AtD In15. Some areas,_________ their severe weather conditions are sparsely populated.A due toB in spite ofC but forD with regard to16. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _______ the book from which it was made.A have readB had readC should have readD am reading17.There is no rule _________ has exceptions.A butB thatC whichD unless18. It was presumed that he was dead; then one day he ______ in Italy.A turned onB turned upC turned roundD turned out19. The chemical composition of sandstone is the same as _________A that of sandB that sand isC sand is thatD what if sand20.The phenomena __________ observed by astronomers throughout the world.APart ⅡReading ComprehensionQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.One of the major problems of nuclear energy is the inability of scientists to discover a safe way to dispose of the radioactive wastes which occur throughout the nuclear process. Many of these wastes remain dangerously active for tens thousands of years, while others have a life span closer to a quarter of a million years. V arious methods have been used to date, but all have revealed weaknesses, forcing scientists to continue their search.The nuclear process involves several stages, with the danger of radioactivity constantly present. Fuel for nuclear reactors comes from uranium ore, which, when mined, spontaneously produces radioactive substances as by products. This characteristic of uranium ore went undetected for a long time, resulting in the deaths, due to cancer, of hundreds of uranium miners.The United States attempted to bury much of its radioactive waste material in containers made of steel covered in concrete and capable of holing a million gallons. For a long time it was believed that the radioactive wastes problem had been solved, until some of these tanks leaked, allowing the radioactive wastes to seep into environment. Canada presently stores its nuclear waste in underwater tanks, with the long-term effects largely unknown.However, plans are under consideration for above-ground storage of spent fuel from reactors. These plans include the building of three vast concrete containers, which would be two stories high and approximately the length and width of two football fields. Other suggestions include enclosing the waste in glass blocks and storing them in underground caverns, or placing hot containers in the Antarctic region, where they would melt the ice, thereby sinking down about a mile. This idea has since been abandoned because of the possible adverse effect on the ice sheets.1.It is implied in the passage that the primary difficulty in seeking a safe way todispose of nuclear waste in caused by __________A the nuclear process involving the danger of radioactive at its every stageB fuel for nuclear reactors producing dangerous wastesC the weakness scientists have found in every previous methodsD the nature of nuclear wastes together with their lengthy life span2. According to the passage, uranium ore is very dangerous because_______A it produces radioactive substances after it is dug outB it has caused deaths of many minersC the mining of it produces dangerous by productsD there is a problem in mining techniques3. According to paragraph two, scientists failed to ________A discover the characteristic of nuclear processB discover the nature of uranium oreC save the life of uranium minersD store nuclear wastes in underwater tanks4. Hot containers of nuclear wastes to be put in Antarctic region would _______A remain above ice sheetsB be safe to environmentC be highly probableD remain under sea5. The best title for the passage might be __________A Scientific Approach to Dispose Of Nuclear WastesB Process and It Nuclear Energy and Public SafetyC Uranium Ore and Its CharacteristicD Nuclear WastesQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Professor Kline concludes that competition with research in the university is so detrimental(有害的) to teaching that he recommends that the two functions be physically and financially separated by setting up research institutes. I suggest that the development of a sound program of educational research would be much more beneficial to teaching. Such a program would not only improve teaching teaching theory and technique, it would make clear what competencies are required of a good teacher and help professors attain them. Educational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research, but it cannot be raised to those standards without comparable support and commitment. Competent education research is no more a part-time activity than competent scientific research. The relatively trivial educational research so common in the universities is an inevitable consequence of trivial commitment by the universities. Rather than be little such research, the professors have an obligation to see that it is upgraded. Let no one think that educational research is easy; it is concerned with no less than unraveling the complexities of the human mind. There is no reason to believe that an effective theory and technology of instruction is any easier to achieve than controlled nuclear fusion. It is certainly every bit as worthy.6. Professor Kline believes that competition with research in the universities________A leads to the establishment of separate research institutesB should not be encouraged unless separate research institute is set upC functions well in the universitiesD is financially unsound7. The author wants to improve__________A research institutesB development programsC educational researchD part-time activity8. The author believes that scientific research__________A is not necessarily more difficult than educational researchB has standards that educational research cannot attainC is trivial compares to educational researchD must be relegated to a part-time activity9. According to the author educational research ___________A is relatively easyB is quite complexC is often trivialD should have lower standards10. Educational research in most universities today___________A receives adequate supportB is no longer a part-time activityC is easy to achieveD needs more commitment Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passageThe characteristics of student-teacher relationships on American campuses vary somewhat, depending on whether the students involved are undergraduate or graduate students, and depending on the size and nature of the school. Graduate students typically have more intense relationships with their professors than undergraduates do; at smaller schools student-teacher relationship are typically even less formal than they are at larger schools.To say that student-teacher relationships are informal is not to say that there are no recognized status differences between the two groups. There are. But students may show their deference only in subtle ways, mainly in the vocabulary and tone of voice they use when speaking to teachers. Much of their behavior around teachers may seem disrespectful. American students will eat in class, read newspapers, and assume quite informal postures. Teachers might not enjoy such behavior, but they tolerate. Students , after all, are individuals who are entailed to decide for themselves how they are going to act. American teachers generally expect students to ask them questions or even challenge what they say. Teachers do not generally assume they know all there is to know about a subject. Nor do they that they invariably explain things clearly. Students who want clarification or additional information are expected to ask for it during the class, just after class ends, or in the teacher’s office at the times the teacher has announced as “office hours.”Students who do not ask questions may be considered uninterested.While most teachers welcome students’questions and comments about the material being covered in the course, they do not welcome student efforts to negotiate for high grades. Teachers normally believe they have an acceptable system for determining grades, and, unless it seems possible that a mistake has been made, teachers respond very negatively to students who try to talk them into raising a grade.11. Why do teachers normally not welcome students to negotiate for higher grades?A Because teachers don’t like to admit that they have made mistakes in marking.B Because teachers normally believe they have an acceptable system for determining gradesC Because they are afraid of students’ protest against themD Because they hate students12. The student-teacher relationships are informal in the U S in the following ways except________A American students eat in classB American students read newspapers in classC American students assume quite informal postures in classD American students don’t show respect to teachers13. Students who ask questions are considered ___________A uninterestedB troubledC interestedD intelligent14. What do you think of the main idea of the passage?A The student-teacher relationship in U.S.B American students’ manners in schoolC Characteristics of American university teachersD American education system15. Which is right according to the passage?A The student-teacher relationship is quite informal across the countryB American teachers generally like students to challenge themC Graduate students seem quite disrespectful to their teachersD It is not easy for students to find their teacher.PartⅢTranslation(只翻译划线部分)The idea of evolution was known to some of the Greek philosophers. By the time of Aristotle, speculation had suggested that more perfect types had not only followed less perfect ones but actually had developed from them. But all this was guessing: no real evidence was forthcoming. When, in modern times, the idea of evolution was revived, it appeared in the writings of the philosophers----Bacon, Descartes, Leibniz and Kant.36) Spencer was preaching a full evolutionary doctrine in the years just before Darwin’s book was published, while most naturalists would have none of it. Nevertheless a few biologists ran counter to the prevailing view, and pointed to such facts as the essential unity of structure in all warm-blooded animals.The first complete theory was that of Limerick, who thought that modifications due to environment, if constant and lasting, would be inherited and produce a new type.37) Though no evidence for such inheritance was available ,the theory gave a plausible hypothesis for naturalists to use. Many of the social and philanthropic efforts of the nineteenth century were framed on the tacit assumption that acquired improvements would be inherited.But the man whose book gave both Darwin and Wallace the clue was the Reverend Robert Malthus, sometime curate of Albury in Surrey.38) The English people were increasing rapidly, and Malthus argued that human race tends to outrun its means of subsistence unless the redundant individuals are eliminated. This may not always be true, but Darwin writes:In October 1838, I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on, from long continued observation of the habits of animals and plants. 39) It at once struck me that, under these circumstances, favorable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavorable ones to be destroyed. The result of this would be the formation of new species. Here then I had a theory by which to work.40) The hypothesis of natural selection may not be a complete explanation, but it led to a greater thing than itself-----an acceptance of the theory of organic evolution, which the years have confirmed. Y et at first some naturalists joined the opposition. To the many, who were unable to judge the biological evidence, the effect of the theory of evolution seemed incredible as well as devastating, to run counter to common sense and to overwhelm all philosophic and religious landmarks. Even educated man, choosing between the Book of Genesis and the Origin of Species, proclaimed with Disraeli that he was “on the side of Angels”。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
相关文档
最新文档