英文文献摘要
科技文献中英文摘要范文
科技文献中英文摘要范文English:Nowadays, with the rapid advancement of technology, there has been increasing interest in applying artificial intelligence (AI) to various fields such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and more. AI has the potential to revolutionize these industries by improving efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making processes. In healthcare, AI tools can assist doctors in diagnosing diseases, predicting patient outcomes, and even personalizing treatment plans. In finance, AI algorithms can analyze market trends, predict stock prices, and detect fraudulent activities. In transportation, AI can optimize routes, reduce traffic congestion, and improve safety measures. Despite the great benefits AI can bring, there are also ethical and privacy concerns that need to be addressed. It is essential for policymakers, researchers, and industry professionals to work together to ensure responsible and ethical AI development.中文翻译:如今，随着科技的快速发展，人们越来越热衷于将人工智能（AI）应用于医疗保健、金融、交通等各个领域。
英文摘要的写法
Stokes output and good pulse shape.
资料性摘要概括地阐述论文或报告中的主要
结论，重点突出文中提及的新发现或有别于
其他同类研究的结论。
结合型摘要 (Informative Indicative Abstracts)
此类摘要综合了说明性摘要和资料性摘要
的特点
（1）This article discusses some possible roles for self-access pathways, particularly in cultures which have no tradition of self-study. （ 2 ） It suggests how pathways might influence the design and running of self-access centres, （3）and gives an illustration of how pathways were designed and employed in a centre in China. Feedback is based on a minisurvey distributed to thirty users.
Abstract: （ 1 ） This paper discusses the
effect of processing temperature on the room temperature resistivity and PTC
characteristic of the PS matrix Sn-Pb alloy composite. （ 2 ） The results show that … and the low melting point of Sn-Pb alloy results in the excellent PTC characteristic.
英文文献题目和摘要
1. Disordered Sleep in Pediatric Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: An Overview（共5页）Abstract: There is a well-established correlation between sleep disturbances and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A large number of pediatric patients diagnosed with ADHD have sleep problems, while patients with sleep disturbances often display behavioral patterns that resemble some features of ADHD. Despite these observations, the relationship between sleep problems and ADHD is not yet fully understood. It is often difficult to pinpoint which of the disorders is the primary and which a byproduct of the other. A complicating factor is that stimulant medication such as methylphenidate, a drug of choice for ADHD, may adversely affect sleep quality in ADHD patients. However, there have also been reports that it may actually improve sleep quality. This review examines the latest trends in the contemporary literature on this clinical dilemma.2. New Insights Into Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease（共21页）Abstract: Diabetic kidney disease remains a major microvascular complication of diabetes and the most common cause of chronic kidney failure requiring dialysis in the United States, Medical advances over the past century have substantially improved the management of diabetes mellitus and thereby have increased patient survival. However, current standards of care reduce but do not eliminate the risk of diabetic kidney disease. In this review, we highlight some of the novel and established moleculara mechanisms that contribute to the development of the disease and its outcomes. In particular, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease, with special emphasis on the mitochondrial oxidative stress and microRNA targets. Additionally, candidate genes associated with susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease and alterations in various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors are addressed briefly.3. Characteristic of Bacteriocines and their Application（共13页）Abstract: Bacteriocines are small peptides with anti-bacterial properties. They are produced both by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Until now, a few hundred bacteriocines were described. Classification of bacteriocines undergoes continuous alterations, as new developments regarding their structure, amino acid sequence and recognized mechanism of their action are available. Some of bacteriocins (lantibiotics) contain atypical amino acids, such as lantionine (Lan), methyllantionine (MeLan), dehydroananine (Dha), dehydrobutyrine (Dhb), or D-alanine (D-Ala). The best recognized bacteriocines are produces by lactic acid bacteria, including nisine produced by strains of Lactococcus lactis. These bacteriocines have been recognized to be fully safe for humans. At present, nisine is used in food industry, as a preserving agent. Other lactic acid bacteria bacteriocines and probiotic preparations provide an alternative for antibiobics, and are used in food and in animal feed.4．The Role of Regulatory T Cells in IgE-Mediated Food Allergy（共12页）Abstract: tolerance, and compelling experimental evidence has demonstrated that functional allergen-specific Treg cells play a major role in healthy immune responses to allergens and clinically successful allergen-specific immunotherapy. In the particular case of IgE-mediated food allergy, further investigations are required to firmly demonstrate the role of Treg cells duringdesensitization, induction of tolerance, or both, and several studies have also suggested a key role for these cells in healthy responses to food allergens. Treg cells are able to suppress the sensitization and effector phases of allergic reactions via several mechanisms of action based on multiple soluble and surface-binding molecules. Our knowledge of the mechanisms governing the generation of food allergen-specific Treg cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa, including the specific dendritic cell subsets involved in such processes, has increased significantly over the last decade. The identification of alternative tissues where oral tolerance to food allergens might occur in vive is crucial, not only for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of food allergy, but also for the development of alternative therapeutic interventions. Recent findings demonstrate that oral tolerance can be induced in the tonsils through generation and maintenance of functional allergen-specificTreg cells. Further investigation in this area could pave the way for novel treatments of food allergy and other immune tolerance-related diseases.5. Weight Loss Strategies for Treatment of Obesity（共8页）Abstract: Obesity is one of the most serious and prevalent non-communicable diseases of the 21st century. It is also a patient-centered condition in which affected individuals seek treatment through a variety of commercial, medical and surgical approaches. Considering obesity as a chronic medical disease state helps to frame the concept of using a three-stepped intensification of care approach to weight management. As a foundation, all patients should be counseled on evidence-based lifestyle approaches that include diet, physical activity and behavior change therapies. At the second tier, two new pharmacological agents, phentermine-topiramate and lorcaserin, were approved in 2012 as adjuncts to lifestyle modification. The third step, bariatric surgery, has been demonstrated to be the most effective and long-term treatment for individuals with severe obesity or moderate obesity complicated by comorbid conditions that is not responsive to non-surgical approaches. By using a medical model, clinicians can provide more proactive and effective treatments in assisting their patients with weight loss.6. Evaluation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Respiratory Muscle Function in the Obese Population（共8页）Abstract: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is one of the most important health metrics in apparently healthy individuals, those at increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease and virtually all patient populations. In addition to CRF, a host of other variables obtained from aerobic exercise testing provides clinically valuable information. Individuals classified as obese (i.e. a body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2)) have varying degrees of CV, pulmonary and skeletal muscle dysfunction that impact CRF and other key aerobic exercise testing variables. Moreover, there is now evidence indicating inspiratory and expiratory respiratory muscle function, even in the absence of interstitial lung disease, is potentially compromised as a result of obesity. When obesity-induced respiratory muscle dysfunction is present, it has the potential to contribute to the limitations in CRF. The current review will discuss aerobic exercise testing and the assessment of respiratory muscle function in the obese population.7. The Role of Exercise and Physical Activity in Weight Loss and Maintenance（共7页）Abstract: This review explores the role of physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET) in the prevention of weight gain, initial weight loss, weight maintenance, and the obesity paradox. Inparticular, we will focus the discussion on the expected initial weight loss from different ET programs, and explore intensity/volume relationships. Based on the present literature, unless the overall volume of aerobic ET is very high, clinically significant weight loss is unlikely to occur. Also, ET also has an important role in weight regain after initial weight loss. Overall, aerobic ET programs consistent with public health recommendations may promote up to modest weight loss (~2 kg), however the weight loss on an individual level is highly heterogeneous. Clinicians should educate their patients on reasonable expectations of weight loss based on their physical activity program and emphasize that numerous health benefits occur from PA programs in the absence of weight loss.8. Impact of Obesity and Weight Loss on Cardiac Performance and Morphology in Adults（共10页）Abstract: Obesity, particularly severe obesity is capable of producing hemodynamic alterations that predispose to changes in cardiac morphology and ventricular function. These include increased cardiac output, left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic and systolic dysfunction of both ventricles. Facilitated by co-morbidities such as hypertension, the sleep apnea/obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and possibly certain neurohormonal and metabolic alterations, these abnormalities may predispose to left and right heart failure, a disorder known as obesity cardiomyopathy.9. Early lung development: lifelong eff ect on respiratory health and disease（共15页）Abstract: Interest in the contribution of changes in lung development during early life to subsequent respiratory morbidity is increasing. Most evidence of an association between adverse intrauterine factors and structural eff ects on the developing lung is from animal studies. Such evidence has been augmented by epidemiological studies showing associations between insults to the developing lung during prenatal and early postnatal life and adult respiratory morbidity or reduced lung function, and by physiological studies that have elucidated mechanisms underlying these associations. The true eff ect of early insults on subsequent respiratory morbidity can be understood only if the many prenatal and postnatal factors that can aff ect lung development are taken into account. Adverse factors aff ecting lung development during fetal life and early childhood reduce the attainment of maximum lung function and accelerate lung function decline in adulthood, initiating or worsening morbidity in susceptible individuals. In this Review, we focus on factors that adversely aff ect lung development in utero and during the fi rst 5 years after birth, thereby predisposing individuals to reduced lung function and increased respiratory morbidity throughout life. We focus particularly on asthma and COPD.10. Adipocytokines in obesity and metabolic disease（共13页）Abstract: The current global obesity pandemic is the leading cause for the soaring rates of metabolic diseases, especially diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis. Efforts devoted to find cures for obesity and associated disorders in the past two decades have prompted intensive interest in adipocyte biology, and have led to major advances in the mechanistic understanding of adipose tissue as an essential endocrine organ. Adipose tissue secretes an array of hormones (adipokines) that signal key organs to maintain metabolic homeostasis, and their dysfunction has been causally linked to a wide range of metabolic diseases.In addition, obesity induces production of inflammatory cytokines (often referred to together with adipokines as adipocytokines) and infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue, which creates a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Metabolic inflammation has been increasingly recognized as a unifying mechanism linking obesity to a broad spectrum of pathological conditions. This review focuses on classic examples of adipocytokines that have helped to form the basis of the endocrine and inflammatory roles of adipose tissue, and it also details a few newly characterized adipocytokines that provide fresh insights into adipose biology. Studies of adipocytokines in clinical settings and their therapeutic potential are also discussed.11. Drug-Induced Liver Injury (共12页)Abstract: Drug hepatoxicity can be nonidiosyncratic (predictable), as in the case of acetaminophen, or idiosyncratic (unpredictable). This review article focuses primarily on idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI). New epidemiologic data suggest that approximately 20 new cases of DILI per 100,000 persons occur each year. Idiosyncratic DILI accounts for 11% of the cases of acute liver failure in the United States. Risk factors for DILI include medication dose, drug lipophilicity, and extent of hepatic metabolism. There is mixed evidence to support the role of host factors such as age, sex, and chronic liver disease in the development of DILI. For specific drugs, a genetic predisposition appears to be a risk factor for DILI. Suspected cases of idiosyncratic DILI should be categorized as hepatitic, cholestatic, or mixed on the basis of the degree/ratio of abnormalities in the alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. A careful evaluation for other causes of liver disease should be performed, though a liver biopsy is rarely needed. There is evidence that some patients with DILI may actually have hepatitis E and this diagnosis should be considered. Amoxicillin/clavulanate isoniazid, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are among the most common causes of DILI. Drug discontinuation or dechallenge should lead to an improvement in liver biochemistries in most patients, though a bilirubin value of more than 3 g/dL is associated with mortality of at least 10%. New biomarkers for DILI using proteomics and micro RNA appear promising but require further study. New studies on drugs with potential for causing DILI are reviewed herein, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists, fluoroquinolones, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, statins, and supplements. PubMed was used with search terms of drug induced liver injury OR DILI with filter settings of ―English language‖ and ―humans‖ and custom date range of ―January 1, 2000.‖ The authors also manually searched bibliographies from key references and included seminal references before the year 2000.12. INSULIN REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES BY ISOLATED PANCREATIC ISLET TRANSPLANTATION（共8页）Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia which causes microand macrovascular complications. A significant increase in diabetes morbidity rate has been observed. It is estimated that in year 2030 there will be 552 million diabetics worldwide. Type 1 diabetes requires lifelong treatment with insulin. The only available treatment of diabetes restoring physiological glucose metabolism is transplantation of pancreatic β cells in form of pancreas or isolated pancreatic islets transplantation. The treatment restores normoglycemia and reduces chances of complications of diabetes. Over the past 10 years there has been significant progress in the development of the islet transplantation procedure. Constant improvement of themethod, in particular the development of islets isolation and sourcing techniques, shows promise. According to the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry in 1999-2009, there have been performed 1,072 allotransplantations. This paper summarizes the indications and contraindications for the procedure, the transplantation process, as well as the surgical procedure and immunosuppressive treatment. The review presents problems related to pancreatic islet cells transplantation and standard scheme of immunosuppressive treatment, requiring a solution.13. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypertension: An Update （共8页）Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly relevant to patients with hypertension (HTN). These 2 conditions frequently coexist (an estimated 50% of patients with HTN have concomitant OSA), and recent evidence supports the notion that OSA represents the most prevalent secondary contributor to elevated blood pressure (BP) in patients with resistant HTN (Figure 1).14. Molecularly targeted cancer therapy: some lessons from the past decade （共10页）Abstract: The tremendous advances achieved in the understanding of cancer biology have delivered unprecedented progress in molecularly targeted cancer therapy in the past decade. The fast growing category of targeted anticancer agents available for clinical use is accompanied by a conceptual revolution in anticancer drug development. Nevertheless, molecularly targeted cancer therapy remains challenged by a high failure rate and an extremely small proportion of patients that can benefit. It is pivotal to take lessons from the past and seek new solutions. This review discusses conceptual progress and remaining challenges in molecularly targeted cancer therapy, and proposes feasible alternatives to increase chances of clinical success in the future.15. Progress in detecting cell-surface protein receptors: the erythropoietin receptor example （共12页）Abstract: Testing for the presence of specific cell-surface receptors (such as EGFR or HER2) on tumor cells is an integral part of cancer care in terms of treatment decisions and prognosis. Understanding the strengths and limitations of these tests is important because inaccurate results may occur if procedures designed to prevent false-negative or falsepositive outcomes are not employed. This review discusses tests commonly used to identify and characterize cell-surface receptors, such as the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR). First, a summary is provided on the biology of the Epo/EpoR system, describing how EpoR is expressed on erythrocytic progenitors and precursors in the bone marrow where it mediates red blood cell production in response to Epo. Second, studies are described that investigated whether erythropoiesisstimulating agents could stimulate tumor progression in cancer patients and whether EpoR is expressed and functional on tumor cells or on endothelial cells. The methods used in these studies included immunohistochemistry, Northern blotting, Western blotting, and binding assays. This review summarizes the strengths and limitations of these methods. Critically analyzing data from tests for cell-surface receptors such as EpoR requires understanding the techniques utilized and demonstrating that results are consistent with current knowledge about receptor biology.16. Effects of Diabetes on the Eye （共7页）Abstract: Hyperglycemia has toxic effects on almost all cells in the body. Ophthalmic complications of hyperglycemia are most profound in cornea and retina. Seventy percent of diabetics suffer from corneal complications, collectively called diabetic keratopathy, which includes include recurrent erosions, delayed wound healing, ulcers, and edema. Confocal microscopy has permitted in vivo imaging of corneal nerves,which are also affected in diabetic subjects. Gene therapies upregulating MNNG HOS transforming gene (cMet) and/or downregulating MMP10 and cathepsin S are potential future therapies for diabetic keratopathy. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common cause of blindness in people over the age of 50. There is accumulating evidence that DR is an inflammatory disease. The initial events in animal models of DR are increased vascular permeability and leukostasis. This binding of leukocytes to the endothelium results from an increase in intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the retinal capillary endothelium (EC) and expression of CD11/CD18 on the surface of the activated leukocyte. We have observed polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) at sites of EC vascular dysfunction in diabetic retinas as well as choroid. Anti-inflammatory drugs like etanercept, aspirin, or meloxicam reduce leukostasis and EC death. Future therapies may include repopulation of the acellular capillaries after EC and pericyte death with vascular progenitors made from the patient‘s own blood cells.17. Common Cell Biologic and Biochemical Changes in Aging and Age-Related Diseases of the Eye: Toward New Therapeutic Approaches to Age-Related Ocular Diseases （共6页）Abstract: Reviews of information about AMD, cataract, and glaucoma make it apparent that while each eye tissue has its own characteristic metabolism, structure, and function, there are common perturbations to homeostasis that are associated with age-related dysfunction. The commonalities appeared to be biochemical stresses and their sequelae. Recognition of shared etiologic factors for age-related debilities allows rationalization of comparable risk factor-disease incidence relationships—such as nutritional risk factors for AMD and cataract (as well as cardiovascular disease and diabetes)—and informs about potential new therapeutic avenues, such as stress reducers (i.e., antioxidants) and/or proteolysis enhancers. It also maximizes the return on the investment in research effort and costs. For example, drugs or nutrients that protect against AMD may also prove effective against cataract, glaucoma, or/and other age-related neurodegenerative debilities. This article summarizes cell biologic and biochemical changes in aging and age-related diseases of the eye. Clearly, this is a larger challenge with a richer literature than can be properly treated in a short review such as this. In this short review, we focus on age-related stresses and current and anticipated means to diminish the stress. Recognizing that almost all age-related diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, cataract, AMD, glaucoma, diabetes, and the premature aging diseases such as progeria, have in common the accumulation of damaged proteins, we select three aspects of age-related biochemical changes that are common to most eye tissues: oxidative stresses; problems associated with and/or due to damaged proteins that accumulate in the retina, lens, and cornea; and intracellular degradative capacities that usually keep levels of damaged proteins in check in early life or when tissues are not stressed, but that may fail upon stress or aging (Figs. 1, 2). We offer apologies to investigators whose work we do not cite or can acknowledge only via reviews.1 The most rapidly growing segment of many societies is the elderly. The prevalence of cataract, AMD, and glaucoma accelerates with age. Among those who are aged 75 years or older, prevalence rates of cataract, AMD, and glaucoma are approximately 60%, 15%, and 20% of the population, respectively respectively. These estimates almost double for people aged just 10 years older. Like most tissues in general, most eye tissues suffer from the accumulation of damaged proteins. Such accumulation appears to involve post-synthetic modifications to proteins and limits on the proteolytic capacities that are normally available to degrade and remove the altered or obsolete proteins before they transform into cytotoxic aggregates. Collectively, we call the sum of synthesis, post-synthetic modification, editing and removal of proteins ‗‗proteopoise.‘‘ Compromises to proteopoise are also thought to be etiologic for many age-related neuropathies and premature aging syndromes.1–7 Herein, we work our way from the anterior of the eye, or cornea, through to the lens and on to the posterior segment or retina, recalling commonthemes of age-related changes and protein quality control.18. Feelings about food: the ventral tegmental area in food reward and emotional eating （共10页）Abstract: Overconsumption of high caloric food plays an important role in the etiology of obesity. Several factors drive such hedonic feeding. High caloric food is often palatable. In addition, when an individual is sated, stress and food-related cues can serve as potent feeding triggers. A better understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of food palatability and environmentally triggered overconsumption would aid the development of new treatment strategies. In the current review we address the pivotal role of the mesolimbic dopamine reward system in the drive towards high caloric palatable food and its relation to stress- and cue-induced feeding. We also discuss how this system may be affected by both established and potential anti-obesity drug targets.19. Recent advances in mammalian protein production （共8页）Abstract: Mammalian protein production platforms have had a profound impact in many areas of basic and applied research, and an increasing number of blockbuster drugs are recombinant mammalian proteins. With global sales of these drugs exceeding US$120 billion per year, both industry and academic research groups continue to develop cost effective methods for producing mammalian proteins to support pre-clinical and clinical evaluations of potential therapeutics. While a wide range of platforms have been successfully exploited for laboratory use, the bulk of recent biologics have been produced in mammalian cell lines due to the requirement for post translational modification and the biosynthetic complexity of the target proteins. In this review we highlight the range of mammalian expression platforms available for recombinant protein production, as well as advances in technologies for the rapid and efficient selection of highly productive clones.20.Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Gastrointestinal Neoplasia （共17页）Abstract: Obesity is among the fastest growing diseases worldwide; treatment is inadequate, and associated disorders, including gastrointestinal cancers, have high morbidity and mortality. An increased understanding of the mechanisms of obesity-induced carcinogenesis is required to develop methods to prevent or treat these cancers. In this report, we review the mechanisms of obesity-associated colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers and potential treatment strategies.。
完整英文摘要
完整英文摘要第一篇：完整英文摘要lee's culture is located in the west of Long shan mountain, WeiShui river of the ancient county, is one of the cradles of Chinese ancient civilization, and also the birthplace of The lee.With Dunhuang culture, Tianshui fuxi culture, LaBuLengSi Tibetan Buddhism culture is one of four culture of Gansu province.But at present, the cultural development of West gansu is lagging behind, a lot of development and utilization of resources is difficult to get, it has to do withWest gansu geographical position relatively closed, human resources development has a close relationship.Lee's culture as an important form about culture, also suffered a bottleneck in its development, lee's cultural history and contemporary development not well together, especially in the promotion and development of invested is not enough, lead to lee's culture has been difficult to familiar to the general public.Local economic backward culture is difficult to promote the development process.Fully realize the importance of West gansu lee culture, reasonable and effective development of lee's culture, make its internal value have spread wider, deeper reach to culture to promote economic and cultural development dual goal.Cultural characteristicscountermeasuresThe economicdevelopment第二篇：摘要英文摘要温度是生产过程中常见和重要的物理参数。
摘要英文范文
英语论文摘要seems like we need to do some copy plus translation work.the differences in manners and customs between Chinese and western cultures.done. run your spell check please. I didnt pay any attention about spelling and the numbers of words while typing. add some words of your major couses.good luck and best wishes.英文摘要格式主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出，次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。
各数字或字母后均为一句点，空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目，其上下行左边必须对齐。
需要注意的是，同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上，即：有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ，有A应有B，以此类推。
如果英文论文提纲较长，需两页纸，则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码，即ii（第一页无需标页码）。
三、摘要1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。
（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距：统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,1.5倍行间距。
4、英文题目：使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要：“Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。
6、英文关键词：“Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。
四、正文有标题页和提纲页的英语论文，其正文第一页的规范格式为：论文标题居中，其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm，距正文第一行约1.5cm。
在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式，即：句末号（句号、问号及感叹号）后应空两格，其他标点符号后则空一格。
学术英文摘要范文
学术英文摘要范文Title: Exploring the Role of Social Media in Shaping Public Perceptions of Climate Change Abstract:This study delves into the intricate relationship between social media platforms and the formation of public perceptions surrounding climate change. Amidst the escalating urgency of addressing global climate challenges, understanding how information disseminates and is interpreted on social media has become paramount. The research aims to identify key factors that influence how individuals perceive climate change through their engagement with social media content, as well as to assess the potential impact of these perceptions on individual behaviors and societal responses.Background and Motivation:Climate change, a pressing global issue, necessitates a profound transformation in societal attitudes, behaviors, and policies. Social media, with its unparalleled reach and influence, has emerged as a significant force in shaping public discourse and opinions on this matter. However, the complexity of information circulation on these platforms, coupled with the prevalence of misinformation and disinformation, poses challenges to effective communication and understanding of climate change.Research Objectives:To analyze the content of social media posts related to climate change, focusing on the prevalence of different narratives and perspectives.To investigate the factors that influence the formation of public perceptions of climate change through social media engagement, including information sources, credibility perceptions, and emotional responses.To assess the potential impact of these perceptions on individual behaviors related to climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as on broader societal responses.Methodology:This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative content analysis of social media posts with qualitative interviews of social media users. A random sample of social media posts related to climate change from major platforms (e.g., Twitter, Facebook) will be analyzed to identify common themes and narratives. Subsequently, a subset of users will be interviewed to gain deeper insights into their perceptions of climate change, their social media usage habits, and the influence of social media on their attitudes and behaviors.Expected Results:The study anticipates revealing patterns in the dissemination of climate change information on social media, as well as identifying key factors that shape public perceptions. It is expected that the findings will shed light on the role of social media in amplifying or mitigating the effects of misinformation and disinformation, and will offer insights into how to more effectively communicate about climate change to engage and mobilize the public.Implications and Contributions:The research has the potential to make significant contributions to the fields of environmental communication, social media studies, and climate change policy. By uncovering the mechanisms that drive public perceptions of climate change on social media, it can inform the development of more effective communication strategies and interventions aimed at fostering greater public awareness, engagement, and action on climate change.Keywords: Climate change, social media, public perceptions, information dissemination, communication strategies.。
英文摘要-英文摘要.ppt
• 目前摘要编写中的主要问题有： • 要素不全，或缺目的，或缺方法；出现
引文，无独立性与自明性；繁简失当。
• 五、具体注意事项： • 1) 要反映论文的新内容和特别强调的观点，
尤其不要出现在本学科领域已成常识的内容； • 2) 不应对论文内容作解释和评论，尤其不应 作自我评价； • 3) 不要用第一人称，而应采用第三人称。
• （8）文词要纯朴无华，不用多姿多态的文学性描
述手法； 如：“Working against time on hot slag and spilled metal in condition of choking dust and blinding steam，are conditions no maker would choose for his machines to operate in．”
•
• • • • • • • •
（10）删繁从简； 如用 increase代替 has been found to increase
（11）文摘中涉及他人的工作或研究成果时，尽量列出他 们的名字； （12）文摘词语拼写，用英美拼法都可；但每篇中应保持 一致；
enquire(英)与 inquire(美)， tyre (英)与tire （美） licence (英)与license （美） colour(英)与color （美） ， refrigerator(英) fridge （美） 2nd March, 1996（英）与March 2, 1996（美） （13）题目中尽量少用缩略词，必要时亦需在括号中注明 全称（尽管中文文献题目中常用英文缩略字或汉语拼音缩 略字），特殊字符及希腊字母在题目中尽量不用，或少用。
三．论文摘要书写存在的问题 Problems in Writing
英语摘要如何写范文
英语摘要如何写范文英文回答：An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper, thesis, or other academic work. It provides a brief overview of the work's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract is typically the first part of a research paper, and it is often used by readers to decide whether or not to read the full paper.There are many different styles of abstracts, but they all typically include the following information:Purpose: The purpose of the research paper is stated in the abstract. For example, the purpose of the study might be to investigate the effects of a new drug or to test a new theory.Methods: The methods used in the research paper are described in the abstract. For example, the methods mightinclude a survey, an experiment, or a literature review.Results: The results of the research paper are presented in the abstract. For example, the results might show that a new drug is effective or that a new theory is supported.Conclusions: The conclusions of the research paper are stated in the abstract. For example, the conclusion might be that a new drug should be approved for use or that a new theory should be accepted.The abstract is a very important part of a research paper, and it should be written carefully. The abstract should be clear, concise, and informative. It should also be accurate and objective.中文回答：摘要是研究论文、论文或其他学术作品的简短总结。
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定义Definition：——From a consumer perspective, health tourism can be defined as traveling for the maintenance, enhancement or restoration of wellbeing in mind and body (Carrera and Bridges, 2006).——From a supplier perspective, health tourism can be defined as traveling to destinations which provide facilities and health-care services explicitly and in addition to their regular tourist amenities (Goodrich and Goodrich, 1987).——Scholars view health travel as comprising three elements:1. staying away from home;2. health as the primary motive or characteristic of trip; and3. occurring in a leisure setting (Hall, 1992; Bennett et al., 2004).——a commercial phenomena of industrial society which involves a person travelling overnight away from the normal home environment for the express benefit of maintaining or improving health, and the supply and promotion of facilities and destinations which seek to provide such benefits (Hall, 2003, p. 274).——wellness can be defined as the balanced state of body, spirit and mind, including such holistic aspects as self-responsibility, physical fitness/beauty care, healthy nutrition, relaxation, mental activity and environmental sensitivity as fundamental elements. （Messerli and Oyama (2004, p. 9)——medical travel is the international phenomenon of individuals travelling, often great distances, to access health-care services that are otherwise not available due to high costs, long waiting lists or limited health-care capacity in the country of origin, and medical tourism referring specifically to the increasing tendency among people from developed countries to undertake medical travel in combination with visiting tourist attractions. Medical tourism is often seen as adding medical services to common tourism. （ESCAP 2009, p. 1)——Health promotion：——the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health".[1]The primary means of health promotion occur through developing healthy public policy that addresses the prerequisites of health such as income, housing, food security, employment, and quality working conditions. By the World Health Organization's 2005 Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion in a Globalized World----the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health. By the American Journal of Health PromotionWorksite health promotion programs----include exercise, nutrition, smoking cessation and stress management.旅游动机：Health travel is driven by:⏹shifts in demographic structures as well as lifestyles and an active aging population (Opaschowski, 2006; Jordan and Gibson, 2005; Mehmetoglu et al., 2001);⏹the need for stress reduction among the working population (Tarlow and Muehsam, 1992; Elliott and Johns, 1993; Grell, 1994);⏹ a shift in the medical paradigm towards prevention and alternative practices (Murray, 1995);⏹increased interaction between public health and health psychology (Winett et al., 1999);⏹the shift from mass tourism towards customized forms of travel (Goodrich and Goodrich, 1997).Motivation for health travel:Hallab (2006) identified five factors of motivations for health travel, including healthy living, excitement/thrills, education, indulge, and escape.世界养生旅游目的地Health Travel DestinationLeading among such treatment travel is Cuba, especially for the American tourists/patients. India is also packaging itself in similar terms.Ayurvedic treatment and yoga are two upcoming products in this regard in the international tourism market. Thailand is trying to shake off its previous notorious popularity and gain ground as a tourist destination for health tourism.⏹SwitzerlandIn 2004 5.8 percent of all trips of Swiss residents could be considered health oriented, up from 3.3 percent in 2001 and 1.9 percent in 1998. They mainly take place in spring and autumn (Bieger and Laesser, 2005).In terms of socio-demographics, health travelers appear to be rather female, middle aged, medium to well educated and predominantly working in middle and high managerial positions. Health travel in contrast can hardly be found with retirees.⏹Thailandit is emphasising on long stay health care, wherein the target patients from developed countries can stay/afford long-term treatment away from home. Usually these health resorts in Thailand provide medical facilities for checkups or treatment. The resorts also incorporate other activities such as traditional Thai massage, spas and herbal treatment. Speciality services, such as, dental care may be arranged on request and cultural tours are usually thrown in.In addition, short-stay health care targets include executives who would like to take a short vacation in Thailand and have their periodical health check-up or some minor health problems taken care of without waiting in long lines.The cost of health care in Thailand is relatively cheap. A coronary bypass at a leading Bangkok hospital costs US $6500, approximately half the US price. Annual income of Thailand from health tourism is estimated to be around US $40 million according to the officials at the Ministry of Commerce (/issues/ oct2000/headline/healdine_main.htm) .⏹Singapore⏹Macao---Malo Clinic-Spa⏹Dead Sea 死海周边Dead Sea is promoted/marketed as a place/destination with unique combination ofsalts and minerals, higher oxygen content and therapeutic mud which alleviates skin conditions, muscular, articular and some respiratory problems. Many sites on the heating effects of Dead Sea are posted by travel agents, state tourist board and also hotels such as Hyatt Regency. These sites have information on specialised treatment sessions for dermatological problems, Arthritic and Rheumatic conditions, Respiratory conditions and so on. Sometimes one spa or treatment clinic provide only one service and sometimes all the treatment facility.India:Dental treatmentAyurveda韦达养生学（Ayurveda）即源于阿塔发韦达经，着重以饮食、运动、生活习惯来预防疾病。