电子商务盈利模式分析 电子商务 外文翻译
电子商务网站盈利模式简析
电子商务网站盈利模式简析一、电子商务网站基本盈利模式：互联网交易中一共有三种模式，B2B、B2C、C2C。
第一种B2B，它是指business to business就是商户对商户，直接是供应商与需求商之间的交易。
现在的阿里巴巴、中国制造网、环球资源网就属于这种模式，阿里巴巴只是在中间提供一个交易的平台，并不提供实质商品。
第二种B2C，它是指business to customer也就是商家与客户之间的交易，这种模式类似于实际中的销售过程，此模式广泛使用于网上书店这种销售模式，例如：当当网、卓越网、亚马逊网上书店。
第三种C2C，它是指customer to customer即指客户与客户之间的点对点交易，网站只是提供一个交易平台收取一定的交易费用，现在的拍卖网站都是这样的，如淘宝网、易趣等。
二、网站在线服务模式1、在线销售商品模式在线销售商品模式在形式上可以分为B to B、B to C、C to C等多种。
目前蓬勃发展的是第一种B to B模式，其表现为一条产业链中上下游企业之间供应、采购活动的网络化。
这种模式都为传统生产型企业所采用，其网站的核心竞争能力表现在如何利用网络为企业更多地降低库存、采购成本和管理成本，从而获取更大的盈利空间。
如美国戴尔公司的网站，就是这种模式的成功典范。
第二种B to C模式，虽然成交额比例远远不如B to B模式，但目前也有很好的发展。
传统企业商务模式的网上迁移，去掉了"迂回经济"的非经济性，使企业进入了"直接经济"时代，生产直达消费。
和传统商务模式相比，B to C商务模式可以实现24小时在线服务，可以为企业降低销售成本和内部管理成本，从而为企业带来更大的盈利空间。
如上述戴尔公司，在顾客方面，戴尔与顾客保持互动，通过戴尔网站实行直销，不仅可以更深入地了解顾客需求，更能获取传统模式中留给中间商的利润空间，降低了销售成本。
2、在线销售数字内容模式面对信息量急剧膨胀的网上数据资源，用户对特定信息的查询往往会产生两种结果：信息过载和信息迷向。
电子商务 中英对照 E-commerce Chapter3
from its services.
盈利模式。 是公司从客户那里获得现金流的策略技术。
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Revenue models for online business
Web business revenue-generating models
1. Web catalog 网上目录模式 2. Digital content 数字内容模式 3. Advertising-supported 广告支持模式 4. Advertising-subscription mixed 广告-收费混合模式 5. Fee-based 交易费用模式 • Fee for transaction/fee for services Can work for both sale types: B2C & B2B
网络广告的成功受两个障碍的限制：
首先是没有测量网站访问的统计方法。（有时广告主甚至与网网站能够吸引到让大广告主感兴趣的访问者数量。
Can obtain large advertiser interest by: Using a specialized（专门的） information Web site
• Return policy
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Fee-for-Content Revenue Models
Firms owning written information or information rights Embrace the Web as a highly efficient distribution mechanism 拥有知识产权的企业认为互联网是一种高效的分配途径 Use the digital content revenue model 使用数字内容盈利模式 Sell subscriptions for access to information they own
电子商务外文资料翻译-- 如何使用网上交易平台
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院：经济管理学院专业：信息管理与信息系统姓名：学号： 0802010105外文出处：Electronic Commerce: Second International Workshop 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
指导教师评语：签名：年月日附件1：外文资料翻译译文如何使用网上交易平台网络交易平台，是从事外汇交易，目前最流行的方式。
您节省了不少麻烦，并通过开放的网上外汇经纪商之一帐户，开始网上交易，从你的家，。
基于网络的交易平台，促进具有许多功能，所以你实际上可以做，甚至没有一个单一的新闻纸张或任何其他材料的网上外汇交易平台提供的信息以外的整个业务。
你需要找到一个良好的网络培训平台，然后才开始使用一个。
选择网上外汇作为paltforms没有选项将满足您的需求时，你需要考虑很多事情。
大多数的网上外汇经纪公司提供一个模拟账户或试用帐户，让你了解他们的网络交易平台的想法，这样你就可以有虚拟货币交易，以了解网上外汇交易平台的优势和弱点。
如果你喜欢你所看到的，它是很容易的转换到一个新的帐户和您的模拟账户，开始真正的游戏。
情况下，如果你不满意，只需关闭一个平台模拟账户转移到另一个。
当您使用一个Web交易平台，分析和趋势图是最重要的指标。
这些图表显示了货币市场的行为。
您可以选择您看到的信息的粒度。
有时，有必要给你看当天的看法，有时一个月的看法。
趋势图通常表明你的货币的行为，当您计划买入或卖出某一特定货币。
根据货币是否正赶上或失去价值，可以使交易决策。
自动化是网上交易平台推出宽松的商人忙碌的生活的最佳功能之一。
几乎每一个网络交易平台提供此功能，无需支付额外费用。
使用此功能时，您可以轻松地定义了一套自动化您的交易规则和阈值。
这样，你的身体存在是不是强制性的贸易在货币市场上，自交易客户端软件将采取的贸易业务代表你照顾。
虽然许多网上平台用户喜欢此功能，此功能的不正确使用可能会损坏您的外汇投资组合。
电子商务信用中英文对照外文翻译文献
电子商务信用中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)英文：Towards Enhancing Trust on Chinese E-Commerce Abstract:E-Commerce has been much more popular in western countries where the development of E-Commerce systems has been relatively matured. While the technology and social credit environment are well developed, E-Commerce is relatively new and receives fewer acceptances within commercial industries in China. Building trust has been identified as one of the major concerns in E-Commerce.In this paper, we will develop an computational model, which may be used to improve the trust-building relationship among consumers, retailers and authorities. This model considers a number of factors including direct experiences, customer recommendations, and authority certification, while parties involved in the E-Commerce activities can confidently establish and reliably enhance the trustworthiness.We also conduct a case study on how to improve consumer-retailer trust relationship in an E-Commerce application by the use of the trust model, which is one of functional electronic storefronts with the consideration of trustworthiness in China. In addition, the findings from this research will also be helpful for national policy maker on legislation of Chinese E-Commerce activities.Key Words: Trust, E-Commerce, Trust-building, Computational model, Chinese E-Commerce.I. Introduction“With the rapid development of Internet technology, the landscape of exchanging information and doing business has been com pletely changed”. As a new way of doing business, E-Commerce is increasingly affecting, changing and even replacing the traditional commerce approach. People are increasingly accepting and using E-Commerce than ever before. Without any doubt, many network applications, based on initial Door to Door to B2B, B2C, and C2C models, have a profound influence on the global economy. However most of the development of E-Commerce is primarily achieved within a handful of countries, particularly in countries like US, Japan and some of European countries. Since the advent of the Internet in the late 1990’s in China, various applications can be seen in the following years, which stirred thousands of ambitious young Chinese people to establish their own business on-line with a dream of getting wealthy overnight. Over the past few years, almost 70% of the growth in Internet users from all over the world occurred only in China. However, in terms of E-Commerce development, there is still a gap between China and the developed countries. With the increased popularity of the Internet and the continuous improvement of Internet technologies, the development of E-Commerce has just made an impressive start. What hinder the development of Chinese E-Commerce can be attributed to various problems and barriers. Some of these problems such as payment method, distribution problem, and security issues have been partially alleviated. Unfortunately the consumers’ lack of trust towards E-Retailers has been identified as the biggest barrier that needs to be overcome in long-term.In the paper, we will identify the challenges in developing Chinese E-Commerce and propose a model to cooperate with current E-Commerce system as a mean of enhancing trustworthiness. The paper is organized into 6 sections. Section 2 introduces the current standing of E-Commerce, and then Section 3 briefly reviews the challenges in developing E-Commerce, and examines the “Trust problem”, which is identified as the major obstacle that hinders the spreading of E-Commerce in China. In Section 4, we propose a computational model that can be used to address the trust problem. Section 5 specifically discusses how to apply the model to improve trustworthiness, and gives a case study in Section 6. Section 7 concludes the paper by discussing further directions for improving trust between E-Commerce users.II. Current Chinese E-Commerce Standing(I) Issues in E-CommerceTrust has always been the main concern among most of Chinese E-Commerce companies. On one hand, people are impressed by doing business on-line, but on the other hand they are still worried about using E-Commerce widely. Consequently, a gap appeared between on-line retailers’interest in attracting shoppers to their electronic storefronts and many consumers’ trust in those activities. Nevertheless, researches have shown that the trust problem is not only technical problem, but more of a social problem caused by various reasons. First and foremost, for historical reasons, people may lack of confiden ce with others, therefore it’s quite difficult to puttrust in someone else in the beginning. Secondly, the commercial law and regulation for E-Commerce cannot fully protect the interests of consumers and merchants. Therefore E-Commerce users lack the confidence to take the risk when communicating with an unfamiliar party. Thirdly, the social credit system and payment system in China are still not strong enough when carrying complex E-Commerce transactions, so that on-line business frauds may happen, and harm consumers. Last but not least Internet security and cryptography techniques, which can increase consumers’confidence in on-line activity, are still under development. Due to all these issues, E-Commerce specialists commonly regard that the bottleneck of Chinese E-Commerce is as a trust problem than anything else.(II) Opportunities of Chinese E-CommerceIn 2005, Chinese E-Commerce has been experiencing the upsurge of B2C markets. With the recognition of trust problem, many retailers are experimenting with various trust building strategies to establish trustworthiness towards E-Retailers. Establishing trust between E-Commerce users is a long term process. Apart from more education or training in the long term, we can resort to technology to enhance consumer trust in an unfamiliar E-retailer. One effective method is to participate in third-party assurance programs, which assist consumers in an accessible level of trust they should place in an E-Commerce transaction. In that way, merchants who agree to meet a third party assures standards can either use the assure certified technology, or agree to be bound in some way by the assure procedures or oversight are registered by the assure and permitted to display an identifying logo or assurance seal on their website. Consumers can reveal specific validation of the merchants good-standing with the assure or additional disclosures related to the merchants’ business practices or history. Some theories suggest that trust in an E-retailer can be speci fically defined as consumers’ willingness to accept vulnerability in an on-line transaction based on their positive expectations regarding an E-Retailers future behavior. By evaluating a party’s post behavior and tracking its activities, the party’s futu re behavior can be expected and trust level can be considered so that consumers can make purchasing decision according to the trust level of E-Retailer. In this paper, a third party assurance program that can be cooperated with the current E-Commerce system is proposed. Through tracking E-Retailer ’s activity records, collecting consumer experiences, and recommendations, the computation model is capable of considering the level that consumer can trust an unfamiliar E-Retailer. More detail about the model is described in Section 4.III. Challenges in Developing Chinese E-CommerceChinese E-Markets is undeniably of great potential. E-Markets are not only beneficial for national economy, but also for the global economy, especially since China has entered the World Trade Organization (WTO). However, in terms of developing E-Commerce, there is a gap between China and other developed countries. The primary cause is that the advent of information age has a great impact on the economy of industrialized countrie s, while the social environment and China hasn’t become used to its coming. These can be noticed from various aspects including information infrastructure, barriers of social environment, degree of technologyinnovation, level of awareness, and trustworthiness and so on. Technically, the improvement is obvious, but it’s difficult to catch up in short term for some social problems.(I) Informationization GapCurrent social environment in China is yet to match the rapid informationization. The understanding of the relation and interaction between industrialization and informationization is inadequate. In addition, the importance and urgency of informationization in social and economic development haven’t been fully appreciated. Apart from that, for a long term progress, the awareness and acceptance to informationization are still underway both theoretically and practically.Furthermore, the global information infrastructure are building up, China is not a exception. However, the popularity of informational and electronic facilities in China is still behind the USA, even though 70% of the growth in Internet users occurred in China. That is mainly due to the huge population of China and the imbalanced development of different regions.In terms of the innovation of information technology, China is catching up to the developed countries progressively, although the exploring and utilization of information resources and services are not yet adequate.(II) Social Barriers in E-CommerceIn China, E-Commerce activities are impeded by some social barriers as well. For instance, the law and regulation are not flawless. E-commerce gives a full impetus to social and economic development; in the meantime, it raises some new problems. So we need to address the inadequacy of traditional policy and laws in the new circumstance, and recommend new and effective law and regulation system. E-commerce may cause multi-facet problems, such as legitimacy and authentication of E-currency, E-contract, and E-bill. Taxation is another problem. It includes how to collect business tax and custom; whether new tax and collecting methods are needed for some intangible products (e.g. software, electrical audio and video); how to secure market and prevent monopoly, especially telecommunication monopoly; how to protect privacy and Intellectual Property(IP); how to manage and control export and import of intangible products, and so on.There is a lack of E-Commerce standard. Standardization and legislation is a difficult but important task in developing E-Commerce. For instance, before the E-Signature Standard was invented in China, there was no particular standard to normalize the behaviors on Internet, therefore, it could not setup a standard business environment compatible with international standards, which has a huge impact on integration of individual country and global economy.Another problem associated with E-Commerce is the social credit system and payment system. The present E-Commerce can only be regarded as quasi-E-Commerce. Since the credit system lacks of trust, effective monitoring and payment mechanism. The Internet commodity transaction centers only fulfilled parts of E-Commerce processes, but by no mean to be full processes from pre-purchase to post-purchase. The current distribution system for Chinese E-Commerce is still not satisfied enough. For instance, the delivery of products has yet to be separated frommanufacturing and commercial enterprisers. The incomplete distribution system still responds passively to production and sales departments, where different processing links such as warehousing, transporting and loading functions as independent entities so that the distribution problem has not been solved well at present.In summary, these informationization gaps and social barriers indeed hinder the development of Chinese E-Commerce, but many people consider lack of consumers trust in E-Commerce merchants, technology, social, financial and legal infrastructures of E-Commerce environment as the most concerned issues that affect the development in an individual country, since most traditional cues for assessing trust in physical world are not available on-line.(III)Trust IssueTrust is a catalyst for human cooperation, and it has received considerable attention in the business and social science literature. Lack of trust can result in a waste of time and resources on protecting ourselves against possible harm and thereby clogs up the economy. Consumer’s trust in an E-Retailer can be defined as consumers’willingness to accept vulnerability in an on-line transaction based on their positive expectations in regard with an E-Retailers future behavior. Factors that affect trust in E-Commerce for consumers include security risks, privacy risks, and lack of reliability in E-Commerce processes in general. As pointed by Nielsen, real trust builds through a company’s actual behavior towards its customers over time, and it is seen to be difficult to build and easy to lose. Theoretically, there are three trust-building processes summarized in:1. Knowledge-based trust is described as a form of trust that develops over time as one party learns about intentions, capabilities, and activity experiences. Example can be recommendation, evaluations, and reputations.2. Institutional-based trust relied on the creation of a “trust infrastructure”, of socially recognized third-party intermediaries that certify the trustworthiness of parties in a commercial exchange or actually enforce trustworthy behaviors on the part of one or both partners. Such example is certificate, membership of association.3. Trust transfer happens when one party ascribes trustworthiness to an unfamiliar exchange partner based on that partner’s association with a trusted party.In the ext section, we will describe a computational model, which can be used to facilitate the trust- building process in E-Commerce, particularly for Chinese E-Commerce market.In this paper, we surveyed the E-Commerce activities currently under going in China. We have closely analyzed the gap between the informationization and barriers of Chinese E-Commerce systems. Among the topics of facilitating development of a positive, effective and satisfied E-Commerce system, “trust” is a major issue, which has not received adequate attention in past decades. We have proposed a computational trust model (ERC2G), which can foster a trust relationship between consumers and merchants, and illustrate how to apply the model in a Chinese E-Commerce system. From the case study of EI Computer, we briefly talked about the implementation of E-Commerce systems with the consideration of enhancing trust. However, establishing trust must be a complex process, which involves moreinformation sources, so continuous improving and enhancing the trustworthiness will be the main objective we need to achieve in future work.翻译：提升中国电子商务信用度摘要电子商务在西方国家已经非常流行，并且电子商务系统在这些国家的发展也相对成熟。
电子商务英语专业术语
Unit 3
Card reader 读卡器 Consumer-aggressive techniques 侵犯消费者权益的技术 Informaiton superhighway 信息高速公路 push marketing 推式营销 Pull marketing 拉式营销
电子交易 商业指南列表 财会系统 商业需求 信用等级 技术解决方案 门户网站 内容网站
Information public Information private Informtion safety Dispatch management Distribute processes Access market
Relational database
01
Flat model database
02
Hierarchical model database
03
Network model database
04
Relational model database
05
1
Conversion: 转型
2
Backbone :主干
charge-free policy 免费政策
profit-making models 盈利模式
gross profit margin 毛利率
profit margin 边际利润率
sell product line 销售产品线
operating profit 营业利润
cost-cutting moves 成本消减措施 after-hours trading 盘后交易 fulfillment cost 实现成本 customer-service center 客服中心 e-taxe(electronic taxe) 电子税收 e-shop 网上商店 general counsel 法律总顾问
电子商务外文翻译文献
文献信息：文献标题：ELECTRONIC COMMERCE（电子商务）国外作者：Đerić Slavko文献出处：《Economics》,2017,4字数统计：英文2060单词，11447字符；中文3455汉字外文文献：ELECTRONIC COMMERCESUMMARY Electronic commerce can be defined in different ways. Any definition helps to understand and explain that concept as better as possible. Electronic commerce is a set of procedures and technologies that automate the tasks of financial transactions using electronic means. Also, according to some authors, electronic commerce is defined as a new concept, which is being developed and which includes process of buying and selling or exchanging products, services or information via computer networks, including the Internet. Electronic commerce is not limited just to buying and selling, but it also includes all pre-sales and after-sales ongoing activities along the supply chain. Introducing electronic commerce, using the Internet and Web services in business, realizes the way to a completely new type of economy—internet economy.Keywords:electronic commerce, development, purchase, sale, economy, InternetINTRODUCTIONToday, development of modern means of communication, especially electronic, which radically change the existing power relations and the power on the global market, have a significant role in more evident process of globalization. The magnitude of impact of the development of communication and information resources on the world economy may be implied by the fact that it goes into traditional laborintensive activities, where before there were not opportunities for the application of modern information technology.Managers of large companies, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, need to understand first of all the importance, as well as many advantages that use of modern digital technology enables them in the creation of new business ideas and their realization. In the new digital era the benefits and opportunities of e-business represent a significant potential that should be used in the best and the most efficient way. Thanks to the internet there are some changes in the way of business, geographical boundaries are disappearing, language barriers and currency restrictions are being bowed down.ELECTRONIC COMMERCEToday’s way of doing business is completely changed, mostly thanks to the Internet. E-commerce has a great role in the process of globalization and in the development of modern means of communication, especially electronic, by radically changing the existing power relations and the power on the global market. In modern business there is a transition from mechanical to electronic phase of business. Besides the technological aspect it is necessary to emphasize the economic aspect and define e-commerce as a new market that offers new types of goods and services, such as digital products through digital processes. Sellers of physical goods are also being included in digital processes, such as on-line ordering, market research and payment, which are the parts of the new market.Electronic commerce is the exchange of business information, maintaining business relationships, and conducting business transactions between different organizations via telecommunication networks and is more than a set of Internet technologies.E-commerce can be viewed from the narrower and wider point of view. In the narrow sense electronic commerce involves buying and selling through the Internet, and in a broader sense it includes the exchange of business information, maintaining business relationships, and conducting business transactions by means oftelecommunications networks. In fulfilling tasks it uses electronic communication media such as the Internet, extranets, e-mail, database and mobile telephony. Electronic commerce includes several activities such as electronic sales and purchases of goods and services, online delivery of digital content, electronic funds transfer, public procurement, direct consumer marketing and other after-sales services. The basis of e-business is often called a fully digital business and it contains three components: product, process and participants, which have two components, physical and digital. Everything that can be sent and received via the Internet is considered to be a digital product.Electronic commerce creates new markets and economic activities, which are characterized by rapid information processes and market dynamics. Electronic networks provide the infrastructure for collecting and disseminating information. They also serve as a new channel for the sales, promotion of products and services delivery. Moreover, network integrate information for managing business activities at all levels of the company and provide new electronic connections with customers and partners in the supply chain. An increasing number of activities that add value to the economy take place in cyberspace through globally connected electronic networks. The Internet has expanded the premises to which companies reach. Managers can detect a greater number of business opportunities due to obtaining many additional business information from the Internet.ELECTRONIC MARKETMilicevic (2002) states that the Internetand new information technologies are leading to restructuring of markets on a global level and some industrial and service sectors. As well as on traditional (physical) market, also in electronic market, customers and sellers exchange goods and services for money or other goods or services, but only electronically. Electronic market uses electronic transactions leading to a new way of distribution of products and services to ultimate consumers. Electronic market means a place where electronic commerce is conducted, that is to say a network of interactions and communication where the information, products,services and payments are exchanged. In recent years, electronic market is gaining importance in the modern way of doing business. When it comes to e-business, business center is a network based on the locations where there are customers, sellers and other participants and they all find each other electronically and do business so.MODELS OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCEThere are many models of electronic commerce that vary according to the relations which exist between participants in trade (companies, customers, employees, government). Some of the models are: B2B, B2C, B2E, C2C, C2B, but lately there are also more complex forms that are created as a combination and updating of existing models such as B2B2C and C2B2C.B2B (Business to Business) is the automated exchange of information between different organizations;B2C (Business to Consumer) means the sale of goods and services to end consumers;B2E (Business to Employee) is a model which is also known as Intranet, or the Web site that gives products or information to employees;C2B (Consumer to Business) is a model where the consumer requests a product or service from the seller;C2C (Consumer to Consumer) is a model in which customers sell to each other;B2B2C (Business to Business to Consumer) is a model that is realized using B2B model that supports the company’s operations on the model of B2C;C2B2C (Consumer to Business to Consumer) is a model that connects consumers using on-line company as an intermediary.LEGAL ISSUES SPECIFIC TO ELECTRONIC COMMERCEThe most important legal issues specific to e-commerce are: assigning domain names, tax collection from incomes generated electronically and intellectual property protection. When assigning Internet addresses or domain names, problems arise when several companies that have similar names compete around the domain. The problemis solved in court or before an international arbitration system. Federal, state and local authorities are trying in every way to calculate how to get a share of revenue generated electronically. The problems are particularly prominent in international trade, when the question is where you need to pay a tax for a business license, income tax, value-added tax, the annual income tax and the like, as well as who controls the charge. Protection of software and other intangible creations is difficult to be implemented over the Web, which is why the issues of copyright and protection of intellectual property are subjects of frequent discussions. One solution might be a tax that is unique to the Internet, the so-called “bit tax”. The idea of this tax is based on the fact that each bit that travels through the network represents a subject to taxation at a rate that is unique. It could be collected in telephone exchanges or at the service provider and to be submitted to the competent tax authorities. However, such a tax would not take account of the nature of the information or goods that are purchased. The largest amount of bits on the Internet belongs to the children’s video games which are in most countries, wheree-business is developed, tax-exempt or taxed at the lowest rate. It is also unclear which government would take over the tax that is a result of cross-border data flow. Besides safety problems, the problem of unclear model of taxation of commercial transactions on the Internet certainly inflicts great torments to fiscal experts worldwide.ADV ANTAGES AND DISADV ANTAGES OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE The main characteristic of e-commerce is a profound and very rapid change in the way trade is conducted. Today, e-commerce has many advantages over traditional conducting commercial transactions. Extensive use of e-commerce leads to new advantages. A set of interactive, content-rich and personalized messages can be delivered tospecifically selected consumers to increase sales. Today companies have a lot more information than before, which allows them to take advantage of this information as efficiently as possible, to segment the market and to adapt their products or services to potential customers or service users as well as possible.The impact of e-commerce is especially expressed in industries engaged in theproduction of computers, software and computer equipment and other elements necessary for realization of e-commerce. E-commerce has enabled companies to choose suppliers all over the world regardless of their geographical location, and to sell and market their products or services anywhere in the global market.Compared to traditional commerce the advantages of Internet commerce are numerous because properties are not necessary, as well as window dressing, sales staff is reduced to a minimum, there is a possibility of selling around the world, instant communication, presentation of interactive multimedia catalog that can provide the information that the customer wants (there is no classic catalog and postal shipping), promotion is much cheaper, it is easier to achieve publicity on the internet, there are more opportunities to adapt to customer needs, and with allthat the customer is enabled easier purchases carried out from an armchair, with no time limit (nonstop) ,without affecting the sales staff in the decision-making and various other benefits. Due to the complexity of the system of electronic trade problems in the sale or purchase over the Internet may occur. Problems refer to the fact that many potential customers still do not have Internet access or do not use it, some do not have fast Internet connection, online purchase involves a lot of confidence, privacy is compromised and there is a problem of the actual existence of stores on the Internet. Internet is a public network that is accessible to everyone, and because of that there is a possibility that someone monitors comunication without authorization and to abuse it later. Because of these reasons, it is necessary to find mechanisms that will ensure the protection of information, information integrity, and their authenticity. Cryptography is the science that deals with methods of maintenance of the confidentiality of information and which has its own features such as encryption, decryption and key. Defining and verifying the identity of the sender is achieved by using digital signatures and certificates. The purpose of the digital signature is authentication of the message content, as well as provision of guarantee of identity of the sender of the message.CONCLUSIONWith the advent of the Internet a lot has changed in terms of business and trade. Once the operating was based on the principle of face-toface, but now with the advent of the Internet participants in trade do not need to know, nor meet and see each other. With the advent of e-commerce there are no more geographical borders, nor language barriers and currency constraints. In modern business there is a transition from mechanical to electronic phase of business, which leads to more rapid penetration of technical progress in trade. It comes to development of electronic stores, which have significant benefits for end consumers, but there are new problems related to payments and the security of transactions carried out in this way. E-commerce and e-business are becoming inevitable everyday. Paper, pencil, stamp and other equipmentare replaced by computer and the Internet, thanks to which it is much easier and better to conduct an increasing number of business transactions. Online purchase and e-commerce are developing very fast, thus opening up new business opportunities, which affects an increase in productivity, reduction of costs and faster capital turnover. E-commerce creates employment opportunities, stimulates economic growth, investment in innovations, new technologies and knowledge, which contributes to the emergence of new operators in the market.中文译文：电子商务摘要电子商务可以用不同的方式进行定义。
电子商务外文翻译doc资料
电子商务外文翻译Information Security Problems in E-commerceⅠ. IntroductionE-commerce (E-Business) is in open networks, including between enterprises (B2B), business and consumers (B2C) commercial transactions, compared with the traditional business model, e-commerce with efficient, convenient, covered wide range of characteristics and benefits. However, e-commerce open this Internet-based data exchange is great its security vulnerabilities, security is a core e-commerce development constraints and key issues.In this paper, the basic ideas and principles of systems engineering, analyzes the current security threats facing e-commerce, in this based on security technology from the perspective of development trend of e-commerce.Ⅱ. E-commerce modelModern e-commerce technology has focused on the establishment and operation of the network of stores. Network in the department stores and real stores no distinction between structure and function, differences in their function and structure to achieve these methods and the way business operate.Web store from the front view is a special kind of WEB server. WEB site of modern multimedia support and a good interactive feature as the basis for the establishment of this virtual store, so customers can, as in a real supermarket pushing a shopping cart to select goods, and finally in the checkout check out. These online stores also constitute the three pillars of software: catalog, shopping cart and customer checkout. Customers use an electronic currency and transaction must store customers and stores are safe and reliable.Behind the store in the network, enterprises must first have a product storage warehouse and administration; second network to sell products by mail or other delivery channels to customers hands; Third, enterprises should also be responsible for product after-sales service, This service may be through networks, may not. Internet transactions are usually a first Pay the bill and getting goods shopping. For customers, convenience is that the goods purchased will be directly delivered to their home, but hard to feel assured that the goods can not be confirmed until the hands reach into their own hands, what it is.Therefore, the credibility of the store network and service quality is actually the key to the success of e-commerce.Ⅲ.the key to development of electronic commerceE-commerce in the telecommunications network to develop. Therefore, the advanced computer network infrastructure and telecommunications policy easing the development of electronic commerce has become a prerequisite. Currently, telecom services, high prices, limited bandwidth, the service is not timely or not reliable and so the development of e-commerce has become a constraint. Speed up the construction of telecommunications infrastructure, to break the telecommunications market monopoly, introduce competition mechanism to ensure fair competition in the telecommunications business, to promote networking, ensure to provide users with low-cost, high-speed, reliable communications services is a good construction targetnetwork environment, but also all of the world common task.E-commerce the most prominent problem is to solve the on-line shopping, trading and clearing of security issues, including the establishment of e-commerce trust between all the main issues, namely the establishment of safety certification system (CA) issues; choose safety standards (such as SET , SSL, PKI, etc.) problems; using encryption and decryption method and encryption strength problems. Establishment of security authentication system which is the key.Online trading and traditional face to face or written transactions in different ways, it is transmitted through the network business information and trade activities. The security of online transactions means:Validity: the validity of the contract to ensure online transactions, to prevent system failure, computer viruses, hacker attacks.Confidentiality: the content of the transaction, both transactions account, the password is not recognized by others and stealing.Integrity: to prevent the formation of unilateral transaction information and modify.Therefore, the e-commerce security system should include: secure and reliable communications network to ensure reliable data transmission integrity, prevent viruses, hackers; electronic signatures and other authentication systems; complete data encryption system and so on.Ⅳ.e-commerce security issues facingAs e-commerce network is the computer-based, it inevitably faces a number of security issues.(1) Information leakPerformance in e-commerce for the leakage of business secrets, including two aspects: the parties are dealing transactions by third parties to steal the contents; transaction to the other party to provide documents used illegal use by third parties.(2) AlteredE-commerce information for business performance in the authenticity and integrity issues. Electronic transaction information in the network transmission process may be others to illegally modify, delete or re-changed, so that information about its authenticity and integrity.(3) IdentificationWithout identification, third-party transactions is likely to fake the identity of parties to a deal breaker, damage the reputation of being counterfeit or stolen by one party to the transaction fake results and so on, for identification, the transaction between the two sides can prevent suspicion situation.(4) Computer virusesComputer virus appeared 10 years, a variety of new virus and its variants rapidly increasing, the emergence of the Internet for the spread of the virus has provided the best medium. Many new viruses directly using the network as its transmission, as well as many viruses spread faster through dried networks, frequently causing billions of dollars in economic losses.(5) HackerWith the spread of a variety of application tools, hackers have been popular, and are not in the past; non-computer expert can not be a hacker. Have kicked Yahoo's mafia boy did not receive any special training, only a few attacks to the users to download software and learn how to use the Internet on a big dry.Ⅴ.e-commerce security and safety factorsEnterprise application security is the most worried about e-commerce, and how to protect the security of e-commerce activities, will remain the core of e-commerce research. As a secure e-commerce system, we must first have a safe, reliable communication network, to ensure that transaction information secure and rapid transmission; second database server to ensure absolute security against hackers break into networks to steal information. E-commerce security technologies include encryption, authentication technology and e-commerce security protocols, firewall technology.(A), encryption technologyTo ensure the security of data and transactions to prevent fraud, to confirm the true identity of transaction parties, e-commerce to adopt encryption technology, encryption technology is through the use of code or password to protect data security. For encrypted data is called plaintext, specifically through the role of a encryption algorithm, the conversion into cipher text, we will express this change as the cipher text is called encryption, the cipher text by the decryption algorithm to form a clear role in the output of this a process known as decryption. Encryption algorithm known as the key parameters used. The longer the key, the key space is large, traverse the key space the more time spent, the less likely cracked.Encryption technology can be divided into two categories: symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption to the data encryption standard DES (Data Encryption Standard) algorithm is represented. Asymmetric encryption is usually RSA (Rivets Shamir Aleman) algorithm is represented.(B), authenticationCommonly used security authentication technologies: digital signatures, digital certificates, digital time stamp, CA security authentication technology.(C), hacker protection technologyCurrently, hackers have become the biggest e-commerce security threats, thus preventing hacking network security technology has become the main content, by governments and industry are highly valued. Hacking techniques include buffer overflow attacks, Trojans, port scans, IP fraud, network monitoring, password attacks, and denial of service Dos attacks. At present, people have made many effective anti-hacker technologies, including firewalls, intrusion detection, and network security evaluation techniques.Ⅵ.the future security of e-commerceIncreasingly severe security problems, are growing threat to national and global economic security, governments have been based on efforts in the following areas:(1) Strengthen the legislation, refer to the advanced countries have effective legislation, innovative, e-commerce and improve the protection of the laws againstcyber-crime security system.(2) Establishment of relevant institutions, to take practical measures to combat cyber crime. Development of the law, the implementing agencies should also be used for its relevant laws, which must establish an independent oversight body, such as the executing agency to implement the law.(3) Increase investment in network security technology; improve the level of network security technology. E-commerce security law is the prerequisite and basis for development and secure e-commerce security technology is a means of protection. There are many security issues are technical reasons, it should increase the technology resources, and continuously push forward the development of old technologies and developing new security technology.(4) To encourage enterprises to protect themselves against Internet crime against. To avoid attack, companies can not hold things to chance, must attach great importance to system vulnerabilities, in time to find security holes to install the operating system and server patches, and network security detection equipment should be used regularly scan the network monitoring, develop a set of complete security protection system to enable enterprises to form a system and combined with the comprehensive protection system.(5) To strengthen international cooperation to strengthen global efforts to combat cyber crime. As e-commerce knows no borders, no geographical, it is a completely open area, so the action against cyber crime e-commerce will also be global. This will require Governments to strengthen cooperation, can not have "the saying which goes, regardless of others, cream tile" misconception.(6) To strengthen the network of national safety education, pay attention to the cultivation of outstanding computer.Ⅶ. ConclusionE-commerce in China has developed rapidly in recent years, but the security has not yet established. This has an impact on the development of electronic commerce as a barrier.To this end, we must accelerate the construction of the e-commerce security systems. This will be a comprehensive, systematic project involving the whole society. Specifically, we want legal recognition of electronic communications records of the effectiveness of legal protection for electronic commerce; we should strengthen the research on electronic signatures, to protect e-commerce technology; we need to build e-commerce authentication system as soon as possible, to organize protection for electronic commerce. Moreover, for e-commerce features without borders, we should also strengthen international cooperation, so that e-commerce truly plays its role. Only in this way, we can adapt to the times Promoting China's economic development; also the only way we can in the economic globalization today, to participate in international competition, and thus gain a competitive advantage.REFERENCES：[1]Grover, V. et al., 2001, E-Commerce and the Information Market, Communications of the ACM, vol. 44, no. 4, April, 79-86.[2]EWT Ngai.Fuzzy decision support system for risk analysis in e-commerce development. 2005[3]DH McKnight.What trust means in e-commerce customer relationships: an interdisciplinary conceptual typology .2001[4]W Wang.Interactive decision aids for consumer decision making in e-commerce: the influence of perceived strategy restrictiveness .2009[5]Lohse, L. G., Spiller, P., 1998, Electronic Shopping, Communications of the ACM, vol. 41, no. 7, July, 81- 88.[6]Lima, R. S. et al, 2000, Evaluating Web sites for an educational environment target for cardiology, The 3rd European Software Measurement Conference –FESMA-AEMES, Madrid, September.。
电子商务中英文翻译
工商企业管理二班王建稳12292330051E-commerce is coming of ageThe 21st century are the information time, the tertiary industry unceasingly rise in the various countries' proportion, specially service industry, information service industry becomes for the 21stcentury the leading industries, this has caused the electronic commerce production and the development in the global information is under the influence which the situation drives, the various countries' electronic commerce unceasing improvement and the consummation, the electronic commerce is a focal point which each country and each big company capture. And, along with the whole world electronic commerce swift and violent development, the electronic commerce scale expands day by day, if US in 2000 the electronic commerce amounts to 488.7 billion US dollars, Japanese 31.9 billion US dollars, German 20.6 billion US dollars. Thereupon, the various countries unceasingly opens sends out the form to be diverse, the characteristic each different electronic commerce solution. But, because various countries and some international organization to electronic commerce understanding existence difference, thus the formulation and implementation development electronic commerce policy also has the obvious difference between the country and the country electronic commerce live agent lacks the effective coordinated mechanism to develop slowly, simultaneously a country interior electronic commerce activity also because of lacks the effective policy safeguard to receive the restriction. Therefore, the research discussion electronic commerce present situation and the formulation implementation appropriate electronic commerce policy question extremely is urgent. But in our country, the computer and the network technology popularization and the development, the electronic commerce rapidly rises, the multitudinous information technology enterprise, the venture capital company, the production circulation enterprise develops the electronic commerce in abundance. Looked from national Economical trade committee to more than 630 enterprises' investigations that, at present enterprise in Internet application and development electronic commerce aspect, eastern area enterprise good to middle area, middle is markets. But many record shops and travel agents could be in for a tougher time. Erik Blachford, the head of IAC’s travel side and boss of Expedia, the biggest internet travel agent, thinks online travel bookings in America could quickly move from 20% of the market to more than half. Mr Bezos reckons online retailers might capture 10-15% of retail sales over the next decade. That would represent a massive shift in spending. How will traditional shops respond? Michael Dell, the founder of Dell, which leads the personal-computer market by selling direct to the customer, has long thought many shops will turn into showrooms. There are already signs of change on the high street. The latest Apple and Sony stores are designed to display products, in the full expectation that many people will buy online. To some extent, the online and offline worlds may merge. Multi-channel selling could involve a combination of traditional shops, a printed catalogue, a home-shopping channel on TV, a phone-in order service and an e-commerce-enabled website. But often it is likely to be the website where customers will be encouraged to place their orders. One of the biggest commercial advantages of the internet is a lowering of transaction costs, which usually translates directly into lower prices for the consumer. So, if the lowest prices can be found on the internet and people like the service they get, why would they buy anywhere else?One reason may be convenience; another, concern about fraud, which poses the biggest threat to online trade. But as long as the internet continues to deliver price and product information quickly, cheaply and securely, e-commerce will continue to grow. Increasingly, companies will have to assume that customers will know exactly where to look for the best buy. This market has the potential to become as perfect as it gets. Certain products or services appear more suitable for online sales; others remain more suitable for offline sales. While credit cards are currently the most popular means of paying for online goods and services, alternative online payments will account for 26% of e-commerce volume by 2009 according to Celent. Many successful purely virtual companies deal with digital products, (including information storage, retrieval, and modification), music, movies, office supplies, education, communication, software, photography, and financial transactions. Examples of this type of company include: Google, eBay and Paypal. Other successful marketers such as use Drop shipping or Affiliate marketing techniques to facilitate transactions of tangible goods without maintaining real inventory. Examplesinclude numerous sellers on eBay. Virtual marketers can sell some non-digital products and services successfully. Such products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio, they may involve embarrassing purchases, they may typically go to people in remote locations, and they may have shut-ins as their typical purchasers. Items which can fit through a standard letterbox — such as music CDs, DVDs and books —are particularly suitable for a virtual marketer, and indeed , one of the few enduring dot-com companies, has historically concentrated on this field. Products such as spare parts, both for consumer items like washing machines and for industrial equipment like centrifugal pumps, also seem good candidates for selling online. Retailers often need to order spare parts specially, since they typically do not stock them at consumer outlets -- in such cases, e-commerce solutions in spares do not compete with retail stores, only with other ordering systems. A factor for success in this niche can consist of providing customers with exact, reliable information about which part number their particular version of a product needs, for example by providing parts lists keyed by serial number. Purchases of pornography and of other sex-related products and services fulfill the requirements of both virtuality (or if non-virtual, generally high-value) and potential embarrassment; unsurprisingly, provision of such services has become the most profitable segment of e-commerce. There are also many disadvantages of e-commerce. one of the main ones is fraud. This is where your details (name, bank card number, age, national insurance number) are entered into what look to be a safe site but really it is not. These details can then be used to steal money from you and can be used to buy things on line that you are completely unaware of until it is too late. this information is leaked into the wrong hands. People are able to steal your identity, and commit more fraud crimes under your name. Finally there are many problems with e commerce some of which are: Failure understands customers why they buy and how they buy. Even a product with a sound value proposition can fail if producers and retailers do not understand customer habits, expectations, and motivations. E-commerce could potentially mitigate this potential problem with proactive and focused marketing research, just as traditional retailers may do. Failure consider the competitive situation. One may have the will to construct a viable book e-tailing business model, but lack the capability to compete with Amazon. Inability predicts environmental reaction. What willcompetitors do? Will they introduce competitive brands or competitive web sites? Will they supplement their service offerings? Will they try to sabotage a competitor's site? Will price warsbreak out? What will the government do? Research into competitors, industries and markets may mitigate some consequences here, just as in non-electronic commerce. Over-estimation of resource competence. Can staff, hardware, software, and processes handle the proposed strategy? Have e-tales failed to develop employee and management skills? These issues may call for thorough resource planning and employee training. Products less suitable for e-commerce include products that have a low value-to-weight ratio, products that have a smell, taste, or touch component, products that need trial fittings —most notably clothing —and products where color integrity appears important. Nonetheless, has had success delivering groceries in the UK, albeit that many of its goods are of a generic quality, and clothing sold through the internet is big business in the U.S. Also, the recycling program Cheapcycle sells goods over the internet, but avoids the low value-to-weight ratio problem by creating different groups for various regions, so that shipping costs remain low.译文：电子商务是时代的到来21世纪是信息时代，第三产业不断上升，在各国的比重，特别是服务业，信息服务业成为，21世纪的主导产业，这导致了电子商务的产生和发展，在全球信息该驱动器的情况的影响下，各国的电子商务不断的改进和完善，电子商务是每一个国家和每一个大公司捕捉的焦点。
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范文：Electronic business profit model analysisAbstract:With the development of social economy, the technology innovation of the Internet, electronic commerce develops the market, expand their business, promote the mainstream means of trade. Althoughe-commerce can be divided into B2B, B2C, C2C according to the transaction object such as a variety of patterns, but on the whole industry B2B e-commerce has become the subject of e-commerce market. From the point of our domestic, despite a late start, but the B2B is the most profitable mode of electronic commerce, healthy development of B2B e-commerce can also be about e-commerce process is the key.Based on the sustained profitability of China under the background of the search engine market, for the world's largest Chinese search engine, baidu e-commerce profit model is analyzed, and pointed out problems existing in baidu profit model, at the same time introduces the baidu new profit model.【key words 】: B, e-commerce, profit model, baidu search engineBody:A. Continue profit mode of Chinese search engine marketChina's e-commerce development is restricted by the profit pattern of a big problem. Search engine as a domestic one of the most promising profit pattern, has totally changed people's way of life, more and more attention by people. Search engine at the same time in the face of personal and corporate customers, Internet users need to balancing the needs of the two groups.The current search engines generally follow and adopt profit pattern is as follows:Bidding: when people search, can input the corresponding keywords, keyword enterprise through bidding, can make people more likely to be found, is to search the main source of income.Online advertising: in a proper to join in the search keyword advertising business, both for enterprise customers to provide effective way of network marketing, also can bring main source of revenue for search engines.Search marketing: rely on to provide the user experience to attract popularity, collecting eyeballs, have enough after user traffic, then the advertisement to the user, in order to charge customers. The higher the user traffic, the greater the value of advertising.2. The world's largest Chinese search engine, baidu e-commerce profit model(a) the success of baidu in the search field of several factors:(1) good technical barriers(2) a strong cognitive users(3) the higher the user switching costs(4) a strong distribution channel(2) the baidu website profit pattern1. The search engineAs the pioneers of China Chinese search engine baidu. Has been more and more in the online form a brand, Internet users use baidu has become a habit, and this kind of online habits in a short period of time is difficult to change by other factors.First, increase user viscosity, promote search serviceItself is the search engine baidu, no doubt, through baidu space integration baidu's search service, convenient in baidu space users at the same time, can contribute to the flow of search service. Baidu to achieve the win-win.Second, found that users advantage, build B2C and C2C platform2. Enterprises biddingBaidu decided from the background to the fore, set up their own websites, and adopt the new profit model -- the bidding of the enterprise.The charge to the enterprise, make its priorities on any possible search page, this can help potential customers direct access to enterprise website, increase the possibility of win new customers. Baidu's competitive ranking service, make the network marketing industry has a huge change. Has become enterprises to carry out the network marketing of one of the first mode.This is a network for media advertising model. Baidu is utilization rate reached more than 80% of Internet users in China, because most Internet users through search engines to find the information they want. And enterprise's first priority is to make a profit, so to get publicity by advertising, so we all hope that through the network advertising to reduce the cost. So baidu successfully launched an online advertising form, this let more enterprises will cost into the network, so that the company get more profit!(3) a few of the features of baidu service1. Baidu search hidden profit patternHidden baidu search is a free network favorites, help you efficiently collect, sort out all kinds of web pages, documents, etc. Various kinds of network resources. Use baidu account, enjoy the baidu search to hide the personalized favorites service for you. You can log in to "my collection" anytime and anywhere.(1) of baidu search several big functionsFree to view and share of search page: enter "my collection", you can quickly find a collection of web pages. Even if failure also can find through the "snapshot" page. Your exclusive collection of domain name for "/ your user name," public collection of web pages, you can optionally be worthy of the name search expertsRandomly select add collection tools: browser quick links to search hidden, the right mouse button shortcut tool, baidu search (quick addDiverse collection service: full-text search, fast search, web snapshot, easy and quick, sharing resources2. Baidu profit pattern of the communityOnline community is to use the network to establish a complete network of social relations, which makes the network community has a very rich product line. This is a "with a little round" Internet "enclosure movement".(1) a few of the features of baidu community services's largest Chinese search game community: network game for the first stop of the value of the network game, network game industry have so a word "2 million, 2 million to promote". So as network advertisers to network game maker of business, it must be a one-way ticket. "Baidu" menof baidu other products quickly gathered popularity, form the relatively concentrated group of high value, so as to attract other businesses to advertise or other cooperation.One of the world's largest Chinese communities: according to the definition of Web 2.0 development trend nowadays, post bar is a completely user-driven Web services, emphasis on the user's independent participation, synergy creation and sharing, it is because of these features, baidu post bar to to its the most widely discussed topics (based on keywords), brought together a variety of interest groups to communicate.Theme community: baidu post bar is a theme based on keywords communication community; It closely integrated with the search, accurately grasp the user demand, by the user to enter the keywords, automatically generated discussion area, users can participate in communication, immediately issued for the information about your topic of interest that you have and idea. This means that if a user is interested in a subject, so he immediately on baidu post bar can establish corresponding discussion area.Interactive search platform based on search: baidu know is an interactive quizzes, sharing platform based on search and everybody used to search service is different, "baidu know" is not directly query the content already exists in the Internet, but according to the specific needs of the users themselves problems are put forward, through the integral incentives to other users, to create the answer. At the same time, the answers to these questions and will further as search results, provided to other users with similar questions, achieve the result of sharing knowledge. Is the biggest characteristic of baidu knows, and the perfect combination of search engines, let users have tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge, the user is baidu know the content of the user, is the creator of baidu know at the same time, here the accumulated knowledge data can be reflected in the search results. Through the interaction of the user and search engine, search engine guidelines. Baidu knows of search engine function can also be regarded as a supplement, let the user in mind tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge, through to the answer of precipitation and organization form new information database, in which information can be further retrieval and utilization by the user. This means that the user is not only the search engine's users, but also the creator. Baidu know that can be said to be the search engine of relying too much on technology of a kind of human nature.Open Internet encyclopedia: baidu encyclopedia, a netizens co-authored open Internet encyclopedia, everyone is free to access and participate in the writing and editing, share and dedicate their knowledge knowledge, all people will be the common writing into a full encyclopedia, update and make it perfect. Baidu encyclopedia spirit of equality, cooperation, share the spirit of the Internet, advocating everyone is equal before the Internet, all people work together to write an encyclopedia, let the knowledge in certain technical rules and cultural context to the combination and development; It provides users with a creative network platform, emphasis on user participation and dedication spirit, fully mobilize grassroots people power, funnel hundreds of millions of users mind wisdom, and actively communicate and share, at the same time with the perfect combination of search engines, from different levels to meet the demand of information to the user. Users can use baidu encyclopedia, for autonomous learning growth knowledge, can also be involved in programming of share the wisdom, will mind of tacit knowledge to organization, perfecting humanity's common open accumulating knowledge base; Baidu wikipedia and baidu post bar, baidu know trinity services, to build a complete system of knowledge search, become the beneficial supplement of the web searches, can better improve the user's search experience.3. Baidu what make money(1) the theme baidu promotionBaidu union theme promotion can analyze your web page content, and will be the most relevant to the theme of baidu bidding word chain dropping to the corresponding page of the website, to promote the customer and maximize the benefit of website owners with advertising. Web site users by clicking on the capacity for revenue generated, the website owners can get the corresponding commission from baidu.Baidu union is the theme promotion offer for text links are pertinent to the topic content pages, users can obtain more valuable information, so as to improve the user experience.Baidu is the largest bidding promotion service provider in China, has a mature promotion service management system and rich experience of bidding, distribution in each industry of a large number of trusted promotion customer resources, to make your website share with baidu bidding income at the same time, get more long-term development.Relying on baidu's strong technical strength, can provide detailed traffic for your website baidu click statistics, such as allowing you to learn more about the behavior of users.(2) the baidu promotion of cooperationBaidu alliance cooperation promotion is geared to the needs of each big web site baidu company launched a new type of partnership. After each website owners apply for membership of cooperative promotion, product code on the page, the web site users to pay order for products or services, web site can share of baidu cooperative extension into income.Baidu to promote the cooperation business is mature and industry promotion customer partnerships, union members and users of the service to our customers, has a strong technical backing, provides a wealth of product style, to provide users with the most wonderful experience.As the world's best Internet listed company, the country's largest union system, baidu union for many years of good faith service and reliable reputation is the gold-lettered signboard, choose to cooperate with baidu will greatly enhance the brand and reputation of your site(3) the baidu software cooperation businessBaidu launched software cooperation business, as long as you are a software author, has a its own software, with baidu search (bound, after installation (baidu users, click search (search for promotions, software authors get baidu bid revenue sharing. Home, the vast majority of Internet users reputation good software, chose the cooperating with baidu, not only received from the brand to the income of the overall value-added, also has realized the close combination of function and its own search.Baidu is the largest bidding promotion service provider in China, has a mature for marketing management system and rich experience, distribution in each industry of a large number of trusted promotion customer resources, to make your website share with baidu bidding income at the same time, get more long-term development.Baidu's strong technology development strength, can guarantee the performance of software products for the user the escalating, perfect functions of products can be rich user experience.Baidu is the world famous Internet company, enjoying high reputation in the industry, cooperate with baidu can greatly enhance your brand value.(4) the baidu site searchBaidu site search service is baidu union launched a free service. Website owners through the baidu search box code into any web page, and can provide site search functions to its users. The user use baidu search results page of Chinese web search technology in addition to providing users with relevant results, can also according to user's search keywords that show the most relevant bidding baidu promotion content, and thus income for website owners. This is baidu union site search and the difference between baidu web search service.3. The problems existing in the baidu profit model1. Click fraud problems unresolved.The challenges from the customer against baidu bidding business is crucial triggered by "invalid clicks" increase customer pay problem, so the nature of the problem is to solve the problem of the search engine marketing effect can assess, therefore "comprehensive ranking index" and cannot solve the challenges from the customers, especially for those who rely on search engine marketing Internet site, so will cause certain influence to income.2. Facing to integrate agent and direct selling pressure of two modes.Baidu with direct instead of Beijing distributors, wants to increase competitiveness in key areas, from the agency to direct marketing, in a certain can improve customer satisfaction, but due to the direct selling team need time to convert and follow up the customer, so active customer number in the short term by impact.The profit pattern of a singleClose to 98% of their income in baidu's revenues are dependent on the single mode of search engines income, it is very important in, because there is no a structure model of a single company can always maintain high growth, this is rule.The disadvantages of bidding enterpriseOpen three search engine Google, baidu, yahoo, respectively input search keyword "computer", Google showed only home page is the first commercial paid advertising, yahoo's search results show that the first page of no more than four commercial advertising, baidu's search results show that the first page and second page are all bidding business results. In the long term, individual users how to choose, corporate clients and how to choose, believe time will give a fair evaluation. Search engine providers must understand, who is the basis of their survival? Instead of corporate customers, individual users. If a search engine does not have the personal user, which the customer is willing to pay for advertising it? For the crazy pursuit of short-term profits, excessive cater to corporate clients and ignore the use of the individual user experience, is the only can hold search the feast of the last supper.4. Baidu new profit model1. Baidu is declared in "accurate search", "accurate advertising""Accurate advertising" means relying on the "accurate search" for the user's search, browse, speech online activities such as to determine the spending power of Internet users, register point-to-point advertising for someone.2. Baidu one hundred generations to establish strategic cooperationMarked the Internet industry and the music companies to find a win-win business model, for the development of the global digital music provides a landmark template. "Generation of baidu to use all of its one hundred mandarin songs, free demo on baidu's MP3 search for Internet users, and one hundred generation and baidu will be divided into by the sponsors who advertise on. At the same time, the two sides also pledged to further explore ad-supported free music download mode. From baidu MP3 download solving copyright experience, baidu service for copyright providing advertising space and ranking, baidu can enjoy service to provide users with song search for free download.3. The digital content of strategy of baidu winds have from entertainment to the antivirus software.Baidu collection six antivirus vendor McAfee, trend of science and technology, Dr. Ann, and domestic manufacturers kingsoft antivirus, jiangmin science and technology, laboratory Ann day, launched baidu online anti-virus service. Baidu online antivirus already think good profit model. Mainly through the user pay baidu COINS to buy online services4. Baidu announced a full update baidu, film and television serviceBaidu free, huge, high-quality search and see the video show broadcast, baidu users can now through the baidu "interactive TV" on-demand video show, free online and real time appreciation of film and television, music and entertainment content. And Kings will form a winner-take-all situation, professional video website survival will be even more difficult.Conclusion:Through to the world's largest Chinese search engine, baidu e-commerce mode profits analysis, points out the problems existing in baidu profit model, at the same time introduces the baidu new profit model. I think baidu should improve to solve the problems of the click fraud. After all, with the rapid development of Internet, more and more Internet users will gradually become rich search experience, for baidu search click fraud will be more and more, on the contrary, Google and yahoo small amounts of the bidding and no click fraud will be more and more get the favour of Internet users, and baidu will gradually lost competitiveness in this area, and is likely to be kicked out.In addition, baidu is facing to integrate agent and direct selling pressure of two kinds of patterns are more and more heavy. In the third quarter of 2006 with direct instead of Beijing distributors, baidu wants to increase competitiveness in key areas. 4 2006 degrees, baidu's active users for 108000 households, only 5.9% growth in the third quarter of 2006, the lowest quarterly growth for the year. From the agency to direct marketing, in a certain can improve customer satisfaction, but due to the direct selling team need time to convert and follow up the customer, so active customers in the short term by certain influence. So baidu need to balance in the channel management channels and the proportion of direct selling, cooperation to expand the market scale. Including establishing normal channel sales order, the standard channel operation, the agent system, pay attention to long-term cooperation with channels, such as agent and share options, form a community of interests.References:【1 】Wen Hao, the electronic commerce economic profit pattern, guangxi electric power, 2002 (8) : 54-55[2] guo xiaochuan, tea, the enterprise profit model based on knowledge and network, fudan journal, 2003 (5) : 64-66[3] Zhou Jie, consistently profitable search engine market, journal of shandong, 2005 (4) : 34 and 35[4] Timmers. Business Models for Electronic Markets. Journal on Electronic[5] Kevin Kelly, the New Rules for the New pa. Seminar on e - business. IBM Corporation, July1999电子商务盈利模式分析摘要：随着社会经济的发展，因特网等技术的创新，电子商务成为开拓市场、拓展业务、促进贸易的主流手段。