考研英语阅读理解视频课程讲义
研究生英语阅读教程-基础级PPT B_reading_02
Background Information
In the American education system, students must have obtained a high school diploma before they are admitted into college or university. Foreign students who would like to attend an American college or university must have completed coursework that is equivalent to what is taught at an American high school.
Background Information
3. Undergraduate school Students who have completed high school and would like to attend college or university must attend what is referred to as an undergraduate school. These are schools that offer either a two-year degree (called an associate degree) or a four-year degree (called a bachelor’s degree) in a specific course of study. That course of study is called the major. While most schools that offer a four-year degree will admit students who have not yet chosen a major, all students are required to select (or declare) a major by their second year at school. Students who complete an associate degree can continue their education at a four-year school and eventually complete a bachelor’s degree.
03.考研英语二阅读讲义-语意理解题
考研英语二阅读讲义语义理解题（词汇题、指代题、句子理解题）【大纲要求】根据上下文推测生词词义。
【题型界定】语义理解题考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语和句子意思的能力，可细分为词汇题、指代题和句子理解题三类。
词汇题所考查的词汇多为超纲词和熟词僻义词，指代题往往问代词指代对象，句子理解题多考作者表述或引用他人某一句话的用意，有时这句话会以比喻或类比等形式出现。
【题干特征】The word/phrase“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)most probably means____________.Which of the following best defines the word“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)?The sentence“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)shows that____________.“This”refers to(Line X,Paragraph X)____________.【词汇题】【解题思路】逻辑关系法1.反义（转折）关系常见引导词：but yet however on the other hand while not ande.g.He is so homely，not as handsome as his brother【词汇题】【解题思路】逻辑关系法2.同义关系常见引导词：and ore.g.job and occupation3.定义关系常见引导词：that is，callede.g.The food is hard but brittle，that is，it can break easily.例题一【2010-2】例：27.Judging from the context,the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line2,Para.2)most probably means_______.［A］generating motivation［B］exerting influence［C］causing damage［D］creating pressure原文①This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.②And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.①The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late1970s.②Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.③Given the current divorce rate of nearly50percent,that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year—a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.例题二【2012-4】例：36.By saying“to find silver linings”（Para.2）the author suggests that the jobless try to_________.[A]seek subsidies from the government[B]make profits from the troubled economy[C]explore reasons for the unemployment[D]look on the bright side of the recession原文①No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.②Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.③In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.④At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.例题三【2016-1】例：25.The word“coax”(Para.6)is closest in meaning to____.A.persuadeB.frightenC.misguideD.Challenge原文①Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.②But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.③These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes—for the rest of their lives.④The younger they learn how computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.【指代题】【解题思路】(1)返回原文，找到该指代词(2)向上搜索，找最近的名词，名词性短语或句子(3)将找到的词、词组或者句子带入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺“向上搜索，进行带入”例题一【2013-2】例：26.“Birds of passage”refers to those who.[A]stay in a foreign country temporarily[B]leave their home countries for good[C]immigrate across the Atlantic[D]find permanent jobs overseas原文①A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.②Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and who would make some money and then go home.③Between1908and1915,about7million people arrived while about2million departed.④About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,for example,eventually returned to Italy for good.⑤They even had an affectionate nickname,“uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.【句子理解题】【大纲要求】理解句子在文中的含义【句子理解题】【解题思路】返回原文，找到该句，根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推断（即考虑该句所在段落中句与句的逻辑关系），或直接结合文章主旨题解题。
04.考研英语二阅读讲义-篇章结构题
考研英语二阅读讲义篇章结构题（例证题&文章续写题）【例证题】通常情况下，例证题考查例子在文章中的作用。
根据例子在文章中所处的不同位置，将例证题进一步划分为1.开头举例2.细节例证3.全文例证【例证题-开头举例】1.例子的标志：(1)example,case,story(2)人名，数字，话语（直接引语&间接引语）2.题干特征：提问写作意图…is mentioned/noted to suggest that___.The example of…is used to show___.3.解题总则：开头举例目的是为了引出主题。
4.解题技巧开头举例型文章的主题在第一段结尾或第二段开头【典型例题】【2003-1】英一例：42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text to_.[A]introduce the topic of online spying[B]show how he fought for the US[C]give an episode of the information war[D]honor his unique services to the CIA原文：Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World WarⅡand later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information....These days the Net,...,is reshaping Donovan‘s vocation as well.【典型例题】【2006-3】英一例：31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones原文：When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large, slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.例题一【2010-2】例：29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?［A］The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.［B］Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.［C］Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.［D］Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.原文Ⅰ①I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women’s group that had invited men to join them.②Throughout the evening,one man had been particularly talkative,frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.③Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them.④This man quickly nodded in agreement.⑤He gestured toward his wife and said,“She’s the talker in our family.”⑥The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt.⑦“It’s true,”he explained.⑧“When I come home from work I have nothing to say.⑨If she didn’t keep the conversation going,we’d spend the whole evening in silence.”Ⅱ①This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.②And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.例题二【2013-1】例：21.The joke in Paragraph1is used to illustrate_____.[A]the impact of technological advances[B]the alleviation of job pressure[C]the shrinkage of textile mills[D]the decline of middle-class incomes原文Ⅰ①In an essay entitled“Making It in America,”the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today,“a man and a dog.②The man is there to feed the dog,and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Ⅱ①Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession,but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.【例证题-细节例证】1.细节例证（小例证）的形式特征：段落中间（至少不在首句）2.解题技巧：返回原文，找到该例证所在位置，搜索该例证周围区域，找到例证支持的观点，通常是该段落首句或小例子的前一句。
16考研英语语法j讲义
2016考研英语基础语法讲义语法专题——长难句分析：不考语法，语法渗透在试题中。
长难句会频繁用在阅读，完型等试题当中。
试卷中明确考察的试题主要有一个，即翻译。
考研的难点：词汇和长难句如何攻克：剖析其结构、推敲其译文、总结其特征如何有效破解——通过一套完整的拆分信号，而这套信号就是我们在这次语法课程当中讲到的考研语法体系。
This trend began during the second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail.看到这句是不是有些稍许的茫然This trend began during the second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion.看到这句心里边升起了光明的一线This trend began during the secondWorldWar.再看这句，人生变的色彩斑斓This trend began.这句一看，所有的疑问便烟消云散。
释义：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家政府得出这样的结论：具体的要求通常是无法具体地预见到的。
以上的那个句子经过层层的抽丝剥剥茧，达到了以下的最精炼的一个呈现。
达到这样的境界的话，你能第一时间抓住句子的主干，从而提高理解的速度和精度。
•真题再现（2004年翻译第46题）•The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.•结构分析：正确翻译此句关键在于弄清楚which在句子中所指代的先行词是什么。
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2017考研英语新题型所有题型全部真题及大纲样题全精讲专用讲义(英语一)
2017考研英语一新题型历年所有题型及大纲样题全精讲编讲商志主讲介绍：★直取本质，彻底破解，主讲的考研英语传奇系列课程成为了考研界无人能够企及的巅峰之作；★考研英语辅导史上划时代的传奇名师，其课堂批量制造高分，被称为“高分梦工厂”、“牛人集中营”；★教育部考试中心首席专家，高等教育出版社考研英语高分系列图书主编，“考研路上最不可错过的一位英语老师”★考研英语应试教学法第一人,传奇考研英语写作创始人,考研英语辅导神话的缔造者,全国一线城市考研英语首席主讲拨开考研迷雾打破英语瓶颈揭示致命误区铺就高分坦途阅读理解B部分是在2005年才设置的，之前在考研英语试卷上没有这种题型，所以这种题型被称为新题型。
也就是说，迄今为止，新题型一共只考过12年。
其中英语一共考过12次（2005年到2016年）、英语二共考过7次（2010年到2016年）。
一、大纲对阅读理解B部分的要求本部分1篇500---600词左右的文章，共5题,10分。
主要考察考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的总体结构和微观结构。
实际上就是《大纲》对考生提出的阅读理解八项技能要求中的第六项“(考生应能)理解文章的整体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系”的具体体现。
本部分有5种备选题型，实际考试时将从中仅选择一种进行命题。
需要注意的是：英语一只考前3种。
而英语二只考其中的后2种。
题型一：试题内容是一篇文章中有5个空白处。
每个空白处本应有一个或一组句子。
文章后面有6-7段文字，要求考生根据文章内容从这6-7段文字中选出能放进文章中每个空白处的一段文字，使上下文连贯、一致。
英语一的12年真题中有7年考了这种题型，分别是05、06、08、09、12、13以及2015年。
题型二：在一篇长度约500-600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。
要求考生根据文章内容和结构将所列段落(6--7个)重新排序，其中1-2个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
英语阅读答题技巧
③ 冒号。冒号的后面进一步补充说明前面的内容，冒号的前后有一个从抽象到具体的过程。
④ 分号。分号是用来分隔句子的，并列结构：语意上的并列、结构上的并列。
⑤ 破折号。两个破折号之间是补充说明成分，在阅读中可以先不读。如果不能读懂破折号之前的句子的意思可借助破折号间的内容加以理解。
3.宏观阅读的方法 ：
怎样对待一篇文章：
① 一般来说，任何一篇文章都讲一个主题。
② 注意抓两类文体：一个是议论者态度。
③ 注意看清楚文章是由几个自然段构成，同时要注意看清楚文章的段落与段落之间是顺承结构还是转折结构。
⑥ 引号。引用和讽刺两种作用：⑴引用某人的观点（是支持还是反对）；⑵用来反讽，讽刺。
引用的目的：不论是正面还是反面引述都是为了说明核心概念、中心思想，否则就没有意义。
⑦括号。两种作用：补充说明、解释生词。
2.微观阅读的技巧 ：
① 抓主干。
② 看标点符号。
③ 被动变主动。
but, yet, although, however, in contrast（与之形成对照的是）
⑶ 表示结果的词：thus, as a result, consequence
⑷ 表示递进的词：further more, in addition to
⑸ 表示重要的词：prime（首要的）； above all（最重要的）；first of all
10.重点题型中的几个问题：
① 词汇题：字面意思不是答案，要根据上下文推测其深刻含义
② 句子理解题：一般不要求推理，只看句子本身。
③ 推理题：答案很大程度上是原文的重现，不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。
2021考研英语《恋练有词》讲义U14-U16
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