英语学习资料大全集
英语学习资料
谚语A young idler,an old beggar.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
Grasp all,lose all.贪多必失。
Haste makes waste.忙乱易错。
欲速则不达。
Live and learn.学无止境。
Love is blind.情人眼里出西施。
语法重点：一、短语动词，常有类型：动副，动介，动副介，动名介等；注意动副短语后接宾语时，代词放中间，名词常后边。
1.put off/on/up/away/down/back2.Give away/back/up/out/in/one`s life to...3.volunteer志愿者；volunteer to do sth.志愿做...;volunteer time to do sth.自愿投入时间做...4.Call/ring/phone sb(up)=make/give sb.a call/ring打电话给某人5.Set up=establish=build建立，创立6.Each各自的，强调人或事物的个别情况，常于of连用；every每一个的，“全体”之意不接of7.Plan to do sth.计划做某事;plan+从句；make a plan about sth.制订关于...的计划8.Not only...but(also)...不但...而且...;neither...nor...既不...也不...;either...or...或...或是就近原则9.Both...and...两者都（连接两主语时动词用复数形式）10.Run to/away/into/out of11.Take after(在外貌，性格)与...相像=look like;look after=take care of=care for照顾12.Work out计算出；help sb.out帮某人解决问题；hang out闲荡闲逛13.Be able to do能够做某事；be unable to do不能做14.Thank you for doing谢谢做某事15.Fill...with...用...填满...;be filled with...=be full of...充满了...16.At once=right away立刻马上二、被动语态，由“be+v.过去分词”构成，动作执行者做介词by的宾语，表“出被”，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，一般现在时am/is/are+v.pp;一般过去时was/were+v.pp,一般将来时will be+v.pp,含情态动词是情态动词+be+v.pp,现在完成时have/has been+v.pp。
基础英语学习资料
基础英语学习资料(总13页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除基础英语学习资料第一天I.Daily Expressions日常用语：Asking about a person’s name问人名：A: My name is Lily. What’s your name, please?我叫莉莉。
请问你叫什么名字？B: My name is Lucy. 我叫露西。
A: Can you spell it, please? 你能拼拼你的名字吗？B: Yes. L-u-c-y, Lucy. 好的。
L-u-c-y，Lucy。
II.Words单词：Names of fruits 水果名：apple: n.苹果，苹果树orange: n.橙子，桔子banana: n.香蕉；芭蕉属植物pear: n.梨grape: n.葡萄；葡萄藤peach: n.桃子，桃树cherry: n.樱桃；樱桃树mango: n.芒果III.Sentence Patterns句型：Inviting a person to have something to eat/drink邀请某人吃/喝东西：A: Would you like an apple / some apples你想吃一个/几个苹果吗？B: Yes, please. / No, thanks. 是的，谢谢。
/ 不，谢谢！IV.Grammar语法：Plural form of nouns名词的复数形式：1. 一般情况加-s, 清辅音后读[s]，如grape — grapes，浊辅音后读[z]，如apple —apples；2. 以s，x，ch，sh等结尾的词，加-es，读[iz]，如peach — peaches；3. 以ce，se，ze，de，ge等结尾的词，加-s，读[iz]，如orange — oranges；4. 以“辅音字母加y”结尾的词，改y为i加-es，读[z]，如cherry — cherries；5. 以“辅音字母加o”结尾的词，加-es，读[z]，如mango — mangoes；6. 特殊情况。
英语学习资料
TOP英语协会学习资料一．美文欣赏Feed Your Mind充实你的思想Si nce the pre-historic times, man has had an urge to satisfy his needs. Be it hunger, shelter or search for a mate, he has always manipulated the circumstances to the best of his advantages. Probably this might be the reason why we human are the most developed of all living species on the earth, and probably also in the universe. As we climbed the steps of evolution with giant leaps, we somehow left behind common sense and logical thinking — we forgot that we have stopped thinking ahead of times.If you are hungry, what do you do? Grab a piece of your favorite meal and stay quiet after that? Just like your stomach, even your mind is hungry. But it never lets you know, because you keep it busy thinking about your dream lover, favorite star and many such absurd things. So it silently began to heed to your needs and never let itself grow. When mind looses its freedom to grow, creativity gets a full stop. This might be the reason why we all sometimes think "What happens next?", "Why can't I think?", "Why am I always given the difficult problems?" Well this is the aftermath of our own karma of using our brain for thinking of not-so-worthy things.Hunger of the mind can be actually satiated through extensive reading. Now why reading and not watching TV? Because reading has been the most educative tool used by us right from the childhood. Just like that to develop other aspects of our life, we have to take help of reading. You have innumerable number of books in this w orld which will answer all your “How to?” questions. Once you read a book, you just don't run your eyes through the lines, but even your mind decodes it and explains it to you. The interesting part of the book is stored in your mind as a seed. Now this seed is unknowingly used by you in your future to develop new ideas. The same seed if used many times, can help you link and relate a lot of things, of which you would have never thought of in your wildest dreams! This is nothing but creativity. More the number of books you read, your mind will open up like never before. Also this improves your oratory skills to a large extent and also makes a significant contribution to your vocabulary. Within no time you start speaking English or any language fluently with your friends or other people and you never seem to run out of the right words at the right time.Actually, I had a problem in speaking English fluently, but as I read, I could improve significantly. I am still on the path of improvement to quench my thirst for satisfaction. So guys do join me and give food for your thoughts by reading, reading and more reading. Now what are you waiting for? Go, grab a book, and let me know!充实你的思想自史前时代起，人类就已有满足自己需求的强烈欲望。
小学英语学习资料
小学英语学习资料汇总11. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用am , you 用are.3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用have .4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用there are.5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)二:形容词比较级详解当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是: 什么+ 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级+ than(比)+ 什么,如:I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如tall - taller , strong - stronger ,② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如fine – finer ,③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter☆注意☆比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西.典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.)比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性.应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.比较级专项练习: 一,从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子heavy tall long big(1) How is the Yellow River(2) How is Mr Green He's 175cm.(3) How are your feet I wear size 18.(4)How is the fish It's 2kg.二,根据句意写出所缺的单词(1) I'm 12 years old. You're 14. I'm than you.(2) A rabbit's tail is than a monkey's tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.三,根据中文完成句子.(1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I'm than my brother.。
小学英语最全学习资料
小学英语史上最全最实用最好复习资料一、小学英语词汇汇总1、3A1.Animals （动物）dog 狗cat 猫monkey 猴子tiger 老虎panda 熊猫zebra 斑马bird鸟elephant 象2.Fruit （水果）apple 苹果orange 橘子banana 香蕉pear梨peach 桃子mango 芒果pineapple 菠萝watermelon 西瓜3.Clothing items （衣物类）coat 外套；大衣jacket 茄克衫；短上衣sweater 毛衣；（厚）运动服blouse （女式）衬衫dress 连衣裙；晚礼服skirt 短裙shirt 衬衫TshirtT恤衫4.Food and drinks （食物和饮料）cake 蛋糕hamburger 汉堡egg 蛋；鸡蛋ice-cream冰淇淋coffee 咖啡tea 茶；茶叶milk 牛奶juice 果汁5.Colours （颜色）red 红色；红色的green 绿色white 白色black 黑色yellow 黄色blue蓝色orange桔黄色brown棕色；褐色6.Things for school （学校用品）book 书pen 钢笔pencil 铅笔ball pen 圆珠笔pencil box文具盒pencil sharpener 卷笔刀rubber 橡皮ruler 尺7.Vehicles（交通工具）car 小汽车bike 自行车bus 公共汽车plane 飞机8.Places （场所）zoo 动物园park 公__________园cinema 电影院supermarket 超市the Great Wall长城9.People（人物）man 人；男人woman 妇女boy 男孩girl 女孩10.Things in a room（房内物品）bed 床table 桌子chair 椅子fridge 冰箱bookcase 书橱desk 书桌sofa 沙发telephone 电话light 电灯TV 电视机door 门window窗子Walkman随身听box 盒子basket 篮子tap水龙头2、3B1、Family members（家庭成员）father父亲mother 母亲grandfather祖父grandmother祖母aunt姨妈；舅母uncle 伯父；舅父brother/son 兄；弟/儿子sister/daughter 姐；妹/女儿2、Clothing items （衣物）cap 便帽hat 帽子tie 领带vest 背心belt 皮带trousers（复数）长裤shoe 鞋sock 袜子3、Things for school （学校用品）storybook 故事书copybook 抄写本knife 小刀tape修正带；胶带crayon 蜡笔school bag 书包stapler 订书机4、Things in a room （室内物品）clock 闹钟computer 电脑radio 收音机camera 照相机watch 手表toy train 玩具火车key 钥匙5、Musical instrument（乐器）piano 钢琴violin 小提琴guitar 吉他accordion 手风琴6、Sports （体育运动）football 足球basketball 篮球volleyball 排球baseball 棒球swimming 游泳skating 滑冰climbing 爬山skiing 滑雪fishing 钓鱼jogging 慢跑running 跑rowing 划船7、Food and drinks（饮食）hot dog 热狗sandwich 三明治pie 馅饼bread 面包rice 米饭softdrinks清凉饮料chocolate 巧克力milk 牛奶8、Rooms （房间）sitting-room 起居室dining-room 餐厅bedroom 卧室bathroom 舆洗室study 书房kitchen 厨房3、4Aa pen一支钢笔a dog一条狗a key一把钥匙a ball pen一支圆珠笔a tiger一支老虎apurse一个钱包a pencil一支铅笔a fan一把扇子a storybook一本故事书a book 一本书acat一只猫a tape一个修正带a car 一辆小汽车a bike 一辆自行车a kite 一个风筝abus一辆公共汽车a ruler一把尺a rubber一块橡皮a pencil case一个铅笔袋a tiger一只老虎a panda一只熊猫a desk一张课桌a shop一家商店a pair of shoes 一双鞋子a sweater 一件毛衣a jacket 一件茄克衫big 大的small 小的long 长的short 短的one 一two 二three 三four 四five 五six 六seven七eight八nine 九ten 十eat 吃drink 喝write 写read 读close 关、闭open 打开tired 疲劳的、累的ill 有病的cold 冷的hungry饥饿的thirsty渴的4、4Ba student 一个学生a teacher 一个老师a doctor 一个医生a nurse 一个护士a boy 一个男孩a girl 一个女孩a man 一个男人a woman 一个女人new 新的grandfather (外)祖父grandmother (外)祖母father 父亲mother 母亲brother 兄弟sister 姐妹an eye 一只眼睛a mouth一张嘴white白色的a skirt一条短裙a friend一个朋友a policeman一个policewoman一个女警察a waiter一个男服务员a waitress一个女服务员a driver 一个司机aworker一个工人an engineer一位工程师a farmer 一个农民a postman一个邮递员acook一个厨师apples苹果an apple一只苹果oranges桔子an orange一只桔子bananas香蕉abanana一只香蕉peaches桃子a peach一只桃子grapes葡萄a grape一粒葡萄watermelons西瓜a watermelon一个西瓜pears梨 a pear一只梨some一些astation一个车站a hospital一家医院a supermarket一家超级市场by train坐火车by plane坐飞机by taxi坐出租汽车on foot步行please请chip油炸土豆条noodle面条sweet糖果chocolate巧克力tea茶coffee咖啡juice汁液a pie 一个馅饼a chair一张椅子ablackboard一块黑板a computer一台计算机a picture一张图画a bookcase一个书架(橱) anoffice一个办公室a playground一片操场a classroom一个教室our我们的a knife一把刀aplate一个盘子a glass一个玻璃杯a cup一个杯子a bottle一个瓶子a table一张桌子afridge一只冰箱an egg一个蛋(不可数名词) bread面包rice米；米饭5、5Aday(一)天;白天all所有的;全部a reading room一间阅览室sure有把握的floor(楼房的)层;地面;地板a garden一个花园a house 一间房子a flower一朵花live居住;生活a study一个书房a bedroom一间卧室large大的beside在……旁边;靠近awall一面墙between在……中间;在(两者)之间a bed一张床under在……下面behind在……后面a door一扇门a lesson 一课a song一首歌sing唱，唱歌dance跳舞play演奏learn学，学会listen听swim游泳make 做，制造ride骑(马、自行车) put放，摆can能a family 一个家庭things东西、物品a vase一个花瓶a horse一只马a chicken一只鸡a duck一只鸭子apig一只猪evenings晚上need需要work工作，劳动a candle 一支蜡烛morning 早晨，上午ring（铃、钟等）响sweep扫，扫除Maths数学sleep睡觉run 跑，奔跑walk步行，散步jump 跳跃say说chess棋laugh笑，大笑a newspaper一张报纸class课，（学校里的）班perhaps可能a tent一个帐篷a pot一只锅a towel一条毛巾a hill一座小山children孩子们，儿童fat胖的thin瘦的show出示，给……看over结束a square一个正方形a star一个星形、星形物us我们（宾格）fly飞、放（风筝、飞机模art艺术、美术teach教、教书the moon月亮paper纸a heart一个心、心形物a shape一个形状a circle一个圆圈the sun太阳help…with帮助… wash clothes洗衣服6、5BMonday 星期一Tuesday 星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五aweek一星期（周）Chinese 汉语、中文、中国人Science 科学、自然科学Computer Studies计算机课程English 英语、英国的、英国人的a subject 一门学科（科目）interesting 有趣的a headache 头疼 a cough 咳嗽a fever 发烧a cold 伤风lunch 午餐speak说，讲(同义词：say) bad 坏的、严重的(反义词：good) get 变得、购买feel 感觉、觉得now 现在a stamp 一张邮票 a coin 一个硬币a ship 一艘船an animal 一只动物a classmate一位同班同学collect收集beautiful 美丽的、漂亮的hobbies(复数) 业余爱好collectstamps 收集邮票collect coins 收集硬币go shopping 去购物take photos 拍照makeclothes做衣服an e-mail 一封电子邮件write an e-mail写一封电子邮件a town一个城镇busy 忙(碌)的age 年龄usually 通常well 好fast 快的，快地high 高的，高地run fast跑得快jump high 跳得高time时间，次left左right右stop停止touch触摸，接触anarm一只手臂a hand一只手a leg一条腿a foot一只脚a face一张脸agame一个游戏，一次比赛half半，一半night夜，夜间on duty值日past过a quarter一刻钟，四分之一quick快的(地) ready准备好的really真正地，确实talk谈话，讲话spend度过weekend周末very很，非常learn…from…向…学习sport 体育运用often经常，常常of course当然catch抓住，捉住an ant一只蚂蚁a bee一只蜜蜂a butterfly一只蝴蝶a visitor一位参观者，一位来访者UK英国，联合王国visit参观，访问British英国人the Great Wall长城USA美国American美国人Japan日本Japanese日本人,日语France法国French法国人，法语7、6Astop停止mean意思是，意指should应当，应该must必须，应当shouldn’t=should not不应当litter乱丢杂物park停放（汽车）danger危险March三月April四月May 五月June六月July七月when什么时候，何时ago 以前as作为，当做ago 以前moment瞬间，片刻a date一个日期a birthday一个生日a present 一份礼物excited激动的，兴奋的exciting令人激动的，令人兴奋的a race一次竞赛plantmilk挤；牛奶a cow 一头母牛taste品尝pull up把…向上拔a festival一个节日a gate一扇大门answer回答；答复ask问；请求people人；人们last最近刚过去的；最后的infront of 在…前面take photos拍照look for寻找just now刚才(a moment ago) pullup把…向上拔have a good time过得愉快Children’s Day儿童节National Day国庆节SpringFestival春节New Year’s Day元旦8、6Bthan 比young年轻的old年老的heavy 重的light 轻的tall高的strong 强壮的low低fish鱼，钓鱼slow慢late晚stop停车站along沿着street街、街道postoffice邮局weather天气spring春季summer夏季hot热的autumn秋季cold冷的winter 冬季plan计划，打算picnic野餐play(戏剧的)演出be good at善长于turn left向左转turn right向右转post office邮局get on 上车get off下车take part in参加…参与… write a letter写（一封）信penfriend 笔友also也glue胶水二、小学英语短语汇总a new student 一个新学生a new teacher一个新老师I’m new here. 我是新来的.Welcome to our school. 欢迎到我们学校.excuse me 打扰一下the boy in the tree 树上的那个男孩let me see 让我看看come down 下来climb trees 爬树in the zoo 在动物园里come here 过来the man over there 那边的那个男人good evening 晚上好at a party在聚会上my brother 我的弟弟/哥哥the boy with big eyes大眼睛的那个男孩nice to meet you 见到你很高兴the one in the white skirt 那个穿着白色短裙的which one 哪一个the man with a big mouth那个大嘴巴的男人the one in red那个穿红衣服的the girl with a small nose 那个小鼻子的女孩the woman with long hair那个长头发的妇女be late for school上学迟到the boy with big ears 大耳朵的那个男孩the one in the green shirt 那个穿着绿色衬衫的男人in the car 在小汽车里my good friend我的好朋友her small eye她的小眼睛a big nose一个大鼻子You’re right. 你是对的an old woman 一个老太太buy fruit 买水果some grapes 一些葡萄how many kilos 多少公斤three kilos三公斤I’d like --- 我想要------Here you are. 给你.these apples这些苹果those oranges那些桔子these or those这些还是那些Can I help you?我能为你效劳吗? (营业员用语)by taxi坐出租车on foot 步行go by taxi 坐出租车去go to the theatre去剧院go there 去那儿go to the Great Wall去长城go to the supermarket去超市this train for Shanghai去上海的火车the plane for Beijing 去北京的航班good idea 好主意play football 踢足球in the school 在学校be free 有空.go to school by bike 骑自行车去学校at a snack bar在一家小吃店(快餐店)里how about---? ------怎么样?some noodles 一些面条Something to drink一些喝的东西something to eat一些吃的东西orange/apple juice 桔汁/苹果汁Anything else? 还要别的东西吗?a cup of coffee/ tea 一杯咖啡/茶a glass of milk/ juice一杯牛奶/果汁some chocolate 一些巧克力some sweets一些糖果some water 一些水play basketball 打篮球some cakes 一些蛋糕get up 起床have some juice 喝点果汁What would you like? 你要什么?open day 接待日our classroom我们的教室watch TV看电视big and bright又大又明亮in your classroom 在你的教室里in class在课上near the window靠近窗some songbooks一些歌本on the piano在钢琴上lots of books许多书in the library在图书馆里in the playground 在操场上On the chair在椅子上on the table在桌上open the blue box 打开蓝色的盒子in the cupboard 在碗柜里on the table在桌上in the fridge在冰箱里on the sofa 在沙发上use chopsticks 用筷子I’d like to try. 我想试试.a pair of chopsticks 一双筷子Let me try again. 让我再试试.in my classroom 在我的教室里Good idea!好主意!the first day of the new term 新学期的第一天all the students 所有的学生at school 在学校see each other 互相见面a new building 一座新大楼a lot of 许多I’m not sure. 我不确定。
英文资料(完整版)
英文资料(完整版)第一部分：引言随着全球化的不断推进，英文作为国际通用语言，其重要性日益凸显。
无论是在学术研究、商业交流还是日常生活中，掌握英语都已成为一种基本能力。
本资料旨在为读者提供一份全面、系统的英文学习指南，涵盖词汇、语法、阅读、写作、听力、口语等多个方面，帮助读者全面提升英语水平。
第二部分：词汇词汇是语言的基础，掌握丰富的词汇量是提高英语水平的关键。
本部分将介绍词汇学习的策略和方法，包括记忆技巧、词汇拓展、同义词辨析等。
同时，还将提供大量的词汇练习，帮助读者巩固所学知识。
第三部分：语法语法是语言的规则，掌握语法是正确表达思想的前提。
本部分将详细介绍英语语法的基本规则，包括时态、语态、句型结构等。
通过大量的语法练习，读者可以更好地理解和运用英语语法。
第四部分：阅读阅读是获取信息、提高语言能力的重要途径。
本部分将介绍阅读技巧和方法，包括快速阅读、精读、理解文章主旨和细节等。
同时，还将提供大量的阅读材料，涵盖不同领域和题材，帮助读者提高阅读能力。
第五部分：写作写作是表达思想、交流观点的重要方式。
本部分将介绍写作技巧和方法，包括文章结构、段落展开、句子构建等。
同时，还将提供大量的写作练习，帮助读者提高写作能力。
第六部分：听力听力是语言输入的重要方式，提高听力能力对于理解英语口语和听力材料至关重要。
本部分将介绍听力技巧和方法，包括预测、笔记、理解主旨和细节等。
同时，还将提供大量的听力材料，帮助读者提高听力能力。
第七部分：口语口语是语言输出的重要方式，提高口语能力对于流利地表达思想至关重要。
本部分将介绍口语技巧和方法，包括发音、语调、词汇运用等。
同时，还将提供大量的口语练习，帮助读者提高口语能力。
本资料涵盖了英语学习的各个方面，旨在为读者提供一份全面、系统的英文学习指南。
通过本资料的学习，读者可以全面提升英语水平，更好地应对各种英语学习和应用场景。
英文资料(完整版)第一部分：引言随着全球化的不断推进，英文作为国际通用语言，其重要性日益凸显。
(完整word版)很全的英语口语学习资料
1. I see．我明白了。
2。
I quit! 我不干了！3。
Let go! 放手!4。
Me too．我也是。
5。
My god！天哪！6。
No way！不行!7。
Come on．来吧(赶快）8。
Hold on．等一等.9. I agree. 我同意。
10。
Not bad．还不错。
11。
Not yet．还没。
12。
See you．再见。
13. Shut up! 闭嘴!14. So long．再见。
15. Why not？好呀! （为什么不呢？）16。
Allow me．让我来。
17。
Be quiet! 安静点!18. Cheer up！振作起来！19. Good job! 做得好!20. Have fun! 玩得开心!21。
How much？多少钱?22. I'm full．我饱了。
23。
I'm home．我回来了。
24. I'm lost．我迷路了.25. My treat．我请客。
26。
So do I．我也一样。
27。
This way. 这边请。
28. After you．您先。
29。
Bless you! 祝福你！30。
Follow me．跟我来。
31. Forget it! 休想! (算了！) 32。
Good luck! 祝好运！33. I decline！我拒绝!34. I promise．我保证.35. Of course！当然了!36. Slow down! 慢点！37. Take care！保重！38. They hurt．（伤口）疼。
39. Try again．再试试。
40。
Watch out！当心。
41。
What’s up? 有什么事吗?42. Be careful！注意！43。
Bottoms up！干杯（见底）! 44。
Don’t move！不许动! 45. Guess what？猜猜看？46。
I doubt it 我怀疑。
英语词汇学学习资料1
1.外来词分为四类：1 Denizens ,cup from cuppa , port form portus 2) Aliens garage , décor 3) Translation –loans e.g. long time no see 4) Semantic- loans.e.g. dream.2.Motivation 分类：onomatopoeic motivation, morphological motivation, semantic motivation, etymological motivation. Types of meaning: grammatical ~ & lexical ~; conceptual ~& associative ~(connotative~, stylistic~, affective ~, collocative ~,)多义关系及两种研究方法:Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to all natural language that one word has two or more senses or meanings. Diachronic approach is an approach to polysemy which studies how a word derived its different meanings from its primary meaning in the course of time.3.Synchronic approach is an approach to polysemy which studies the coexistence of various meanings of the same word in a certain historical period of time.4.Primary meaning is the only meaning that a word had when it was first created.5.Derived meanings are the meanings that a word gets from the primary meaning at different stages of its development in the course of time.6.同形同音异义关系Homonymy is one of the features of words that a word is different in meaning from another, but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling with the other Homonyms generally fall into three classes: perfect homonyms (same name); homographs (same spelling) and homophones （some sound）. Perfect homonyms are those words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning, e.g. bear /bea/ (n) a large heavy animal; bear /bea/ (v) to put up with. Homographs are the words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. saw / / (v) to scatter seeds; sow /sau/ (n) female adult pig. Homophones refer to the words identical only in sound but different in spelling and meaning, e.g. dear /dia/ (n) a loved person; deer /dia/ (n) a kind of animal.7.同形同音异义词与多义词的区别Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully identical with regard to spelling and pronunciation. This creates the problem of differentiation. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the fact that the former refers to different words which happen to share the same form and the latter is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings. One important criterion is to see their etymology, i.e. homonyms are from different sources whereas a polysemant is from the same source which has acquired different meanings in the course of development. The second principal consideration is semantic relatedness. The various meanings of a polysemant are correlated and connected to one central meaning to a greater or lesser degree, e. g. neck (See 6.1 Polysemy) . On the other hand, meanings of different homonyms have nothing to do with one another. In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries.8.同义关系Synonyms are words which share the same or nearly the same meaning with each other but different in sound and spelling. There are absolute synonyms and relative synonyms which result from borrowing, dialects and regional English, figurative and euphemistic use of words, coincidence with idiomatic expressions. There exists the difference between or among synonyms in terms of their denotation, connotation or application. Absolute synonyms or complete synonyms are words which are identical in meaning in all its aspects. Relative synonyms or near-synonyms are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality.9.Sources of Synonyms 1) Borrowing 2)Dialects and regional English 3) Figurative and euphemistic use of words 4) Coincidence with idiomatic expressions10.如何区分同义词？1Difference in denotation2 Difference in connotation 3 Difference in application11.What are the characteristics of antonyms?12.1) Antonyms are classified on the basis of semantic opposition 2) A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym. 3) Antonyms differ in semantic inclusion. 4) Contrary terms are gradable antonyms, differing in degree of intenisty, so each has its own corresponding opposite.13.上下义关系:Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. Superordinates refer to some general words; subordinates denote those more specific words. Hyponymy can be described in terms of tree-like graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates. But their status either as superordinate or subordinate is relative to other terms. For example, horse, dog, pig are subordinates in relation to animal, but superordinates of mare, hound and boar, Animal itself becomesa subordinate of creature. And creature in turn becomes14.词义变化的种类There are five types of meaning, changes: extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation, and transfer among which extension and narrowing are the most common. Changes in meaning can be accounted for from extra-linguistic factors (historical reason, class reason, and psychological reason) and intra-linguistic factors (shortening, the influx of borrowing, and analogy).15.词义的扩大Extension is a process by which a word with a specialized sense is generalized to cover a broader or less16.definite concept. Compare the following；词义的缩小Narrowing is a process by which a word of wider meaning acquires a specialized sense；词义的升华Elevation is a process by which a word moves from a derogatory or neutral sense to a neutral and/or appreciative sense；词义的降格Degradation is a process by which a word of reputation slides into a pejorative use,；词义的转移Transfer is a process by which a word denoting one thing changes to refer to a different but related thing. Paper serves as an example. This word formerly denoted an African plant papyrus, which was once used to make paper. In modern times, paper is made from rags, wood, straw and the like, but the product has retained the same name. There is associated transfer. There are other kinds of transfer, such as, concrete to abstract, abstract to concrete and transfer of sensation.17.语境的种类:非语言语境。
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total.)│Part 1.rmvb 19.02 MB│Part 2.rmvb 13.69 MB│Part 3.rmvb 23.90 MB│Part 4.rmvb 9.63 MB│Part 5.rmvb 20.14 MB│Part 6.rmvb 15.23 MB├─WTO实战英语系列之商业英语会话(0 folders, 4 files, 1.19 GB, 1.19 GB in total.)│WTO实战英语系列之商业英语会话Audio-CD1.rar 86.04 MB│WTO实战英语系列之商业英语会话Audio-CD2.rar 74.53 MB│WTO实战英语系列之商业英语会话cd-Rom1.rar 560.98 MB│WTO实战英语系列之商业英语会话cd-Rom2.rar 492.53 MB├─彩绘英文童书(1 folders, 3 files, 1.17 GB, 1.79 GB in total.)││中级彩绘英文童书（上）.rar 391.14 MB││高级彩绘英文童书.rar 423.25 MB││中级彩绘英文童书（下）.rar 387.35 MB│└─初级英文童书(0 folders, 2 files, 633.41 MB, 633.41 MB in total.)│学龄前.rar 195.38 MB│小学1、2年级.rar 438.03 MB├─法律英語(Legal English) (0 folders, 2 files, 726.67 MB, 726.67 MB in total.)│Legal.English.mdf 726.67 MB│Legal.English.mds 1.51 KB├─疯狂英语(1 folders, 0 files, 0 bytes, 1.15 GB in total.)│└─口语绝招(0 folders, 5 files, 1.15 GB, 1.15 GB in total.)│句型经典.ISO 257.63 MB│场景会话经典.ISO 191.47 MB│脱口而出经典.ISO 207.19 MB│语音突破经典.ISO 250.02 MB│自我表达经典.ISO 271.92 MB├─赖世雄(2 folders, 1 files, 59.01 MB, 1.29 GB in total.)││赖世雄教你学英语语法.pdf 59.01 MB│├─精准美国英语音标发音指南文本＋语音(0 folders, 5 files, 12.40 MB, 12.40 MB intotal.)││fayin1[1].ram 1.80 MB││fayin2[1].ram 1.59 MB││fayin3[1].ram 1.76 MB││fayin4[1].ram 1.68 MB││fyzn.chm 5.58 MB│└─美国英语教程(3 folders, 1 files, 4.06 MB, 1.22 GB in total.)││超星图书浏览器.rar 4.06 MB│├─中级(0 folders, 2 files, 468.44 MB, 468.44 MB in total.)││中级美语教程《赖世雄》.chm 83.87 KB││赖世雄中级美语教程.rar 468.36 MB│├─初级(0 folders, 5 files, 654.04 MB, 654.04 MB in total.)││初级美国英语(教材超星版）上册.rar 4.09 MB││初级美国英语(教材超星版）下册.rar 4.25 MB││初级美国英语教程_入门篇(教材超星版）.rar 3.62 MB││赖世雄初级美国英语教程.rar 458.79 MB││赖世雄初级美语入门篇.rar 183.29 MB│└─高级(0 folders, 2 files, 120.23 MB, 120.23 MB in total.)│赖世雄高级美语教程.rar 115.59 MB│高级美国英语教程(教材超星版）.rar 4.63 MB├─李阳疯狂英语(3 folders, 12 files, 1.94 GB, 5.62 GB in total.)││100个发音秘决.rar 56.00 MB││CrazyEnglish.rar 159.40 MB││标准美语发音宝典(102MP3+1PDF教材).rar 1.32 GB││成功之路全套录音(18RM音频+1MP3).rar 67.68 MB││第一期夏令营绝密资料.txt 14.98 KB││国际化中国人必备365句.txt 16.14 KB││口语突破MP3.iso 139.11 MB││美语发音秘诀MP3.rar 136.64 MB││配套学习卡片(328JPG).rar 56.39 MB││突破单词.rar 4.27 MB││突破句型.rar 4.45 MB││突破语法.rar 2.99 MB│├─2006脱口而出系列(0 folders, 5 files, 2.82 GB, 2.82 GB in total.)││准备篇.iso 644.85 MB││口语句型入门与提高.iso 148.71 MB││练嘴篇.iso 695.99 MB││卖弄篇.iso 697.26 MB││实战篇.iso 700.57 MB│├─疯狂说英语(Crazily speak English)vcd转mp3高清晰128k (0 folders, 2 files, 853.95 MB, 853.95 MB in total.)││李阳疯狂说英语A.iso 399.69 MB││李阳疯狂说英语B.iso 454.26 MB│└─口语绝招(1 folders, 1 files, 4.24 MB, 27.08 MB in total.)││李阳介绍.rm 4.24 MB│└─疯狂美语口语绝招(0 folders, 4 files, 22.85 MB, 22.85 MB in total.)│疯狂美语口语绝招1A.rm 1.03 MB│疯狂美语口语绝招1B.rm 6.80 MB│疯狂美语口语绝招2a.rm 7.88 MB│疯狂美语口语绝招2b.rm 7.14 MB├─美国人每天说的话(0 folders, 1 files, 78.85 MB, 78.85 MB in total.)│日常俚语(11WMA+19JPG).rar 78.85 MB├─诺曼开口说-生活口语系列-玩得开心(0 folders, 8 files, 3.27 GB, 3.27 GB in total.) │[诺曼开口说-生活口语系列-玩得开心].NORMANDY_CD1.iso 587.57 MB│[诺曼开口说-生活口语系列-玩得开心].NORMANDY_CD2.iso 485.80 MB│[诺曼开口说-生活口语系列-玩得开心].NORMANDY_CD3.iso 341.95 MB│[诺曼开口说-生活口语系列-玩得开心].NORMANDY_CD4.iso 334.00 MB│[诺曼开口说-生活口语系列-玩得开心].NORMANDY_CD5.iso 426.54 MB│[诺曼开口说-生活口语系列-玩得开心].NORMANDY_CD6.iso 428.46 MB│[诺曼开口说-生活口语系列-玩得开心].NORMANDY_CD7.iso 424.60 MB│[诺曼开口说-生活口语系列-玩得开心].NORMANDY_CD8.iso 322.28 MB├─抢救上班族英语系列之办公室会话篇(0 folders, 2 files, 1.08 GB, 1.08 GB in total.) │抢救上班族英语系列之办公室会话篇CD-ROM1.rar 562.01 MB│抢救上班族英语系列之办公室会话篇CD-ROM2.rar 545.59 MB├─随心所欲说英语II (0 folders, 11 files, 3.85 GB, 3.85 GB in total.)│ A.句型篇.ISO 415.67 MB│ B.情景篇I(成长之路云游四方).ISO 470.26 MB│ C.情景篇II(上班一族).ISO 460.66 MB│ D.情景篇III(生活空间).ISO 476.97 MB│ E.词汇篇.ISO 654.41 MB│ F.背诵篇.ISO 517.56 MB│G.语音篇.ISO 424.29 MB│H.欣赏篇.ISO 510.83 MB│随心所欲.说英语.II.补丁1.[V ].zip 9.40 MB│随心所欲.说英语.II.补丁2.[V ].zip 2.11 MB│随心所欲.说英语.II.补丁3.[V ].exe 36.06 KB├─新东方(14 folders, 8 files, 1.81 GB, 10.77 GB in total.)││背诵文选2006新版.Recitation.iso 299.53 MB││初级中级高级口语教程(MP3+文本).rar 246.26 MB││胡敏读故事记单词四级(55MP3+1PDF).rar 24.01 MB││美国口语课堂.rar 369.94 MB││商务口语3cds合成版.ISO 166.13 MB││生而为赢-背诵美文30篇(Born.to.Win)(30MP3+1文本).rar 41.49 MB││四级词汇速听速记.iso 689.05 MB││新东方英语2006上半年合集.rar 21.86 MB│├─4+1 (0 folders, 6 files, 1.07 GB, 1.07 GB in total.)││ZzFlash1.4(播放器).rar 746.46 KB││电影听说.rar 264.27 MB││口语句型.rar 214.34 MB││口语语汇.rar 204.23 MB││美语思维.rar 216.90 MB││语音语调.rar 198.83 MB│├─BEC中级精华班(0 folders, 9 files, 113.64 MB, 113.64 MB in total.)││BEC中级写作_孙能武.doc 6.81 MB││BEC中级口语谢娇岳.doc 322.50 KB││BEC中级听力_高媛媛.doc 249.50 KB││BEC中级阅读_耿耿.doc 836.50 KB││ZzFlash1.4(播放器).rar 746.46 KB││口语谢姣岳11.0课时.rar 35.39 MB││听力高媛媛9.0课时.rar 28.14 MB││写作孙能武6.0课时.rar 14.73 MB││阅读耿耿9.75课时.rar 26.46 MB│├─CET6网络课堂(2 folders, 3 files, 163.89 MB, 722.81 MB in total.)│││CET6历年听力原声(96.01-05.06).rar 162.87 MB│││CET6历年试题及答案.rar 293.77 KB│││ZzFlash1.4(播放器).rar 746.46 KB││├─配套电子书(0 folders, 2 files, 2.01 MB, 2.01 MB in total.)│││CET6.swf 1.07 MB│││flash电子书阅读器.exe 964.04 KB││└─网络课堂(0 folders, 10 files, 556.91 MB, 556.91 MB in total.)││200106.iso 32.41 MB││200201.iso 27.84 MB││200206.iso 32.10 MB││200306.iso 45.42 MB││200406.iso 38.94 MB││CET6(2004)词汇张亚哲12.0课时.rar 84.03 MB││CET6(2004)听力乐静12.0课时.rar 81.20 MB││CET6(2004)阅读何钢16.0课时.rar 126.91 MB││CET6(2004)作文李鑫8.0课时.rar 64.80 MB││CET6听力原文无 5.25课时.iso 23.26 MB│├─白易礼英语语法（30.25全）(0 folders, 2 files, 248.28 MB, 248.28 MB in total.) ││ZzFlash1.4(播放器).rar 746.46 KB││白易礼英语语法.rar 247.55 MB│├─词汇教程（古典、刘畅）2004 (0 folders, 4 files, 263.69 MB, 263.69 MB in total.) ││ZzFlash1.4(播放器).rar 746.46 KB││刘畅词汇笔记（咪咪打印版）.pdf 0.98 MB││英语词汇.古典.19.75课时.rar 134.60 MB││英语词汇.刘畅.17.5课时.rar 127.38 MB│├─大学英语六级40天突破(0 folders, 4 files, 2.05 GB, 2.05 GB in total.)││新东方大学英语六级40天突破.CET6_1.iso 537.03 MB││新东方大学英语六级40天突破.CET6_2.iso 563.13 MB││新东方大学英语六级40天突破.CET6_3.iso 519.32 MB││新东方大学英语六级40天突破.CET6_4.iso 476.49 MB│├─胡敏练口语记单词（四六级）(0 folders, 2 files, 176.72 MB, 176.72 MB in total.) ││胡敏练口语记单词cet4(10MP3+1PDF).rar 97.31 MB││胡敏练口语记单词cet6(10MP3+1PDF).rar 79.41 MB│├─口语词汇一招鲜(0 folders, 2 files, 0.95 GB, 0.95 GB in total.)││口语词汇一招鲜1.iso 503.80 MB││口语词汇一招鲜2.iso 467.63 MB│├─手把手教你写四、六级作文(0 folders, 5 files, 105.27 MB, 105.27 MB in total.)││ 1.段落.rmvb 26.08 MB││ 2.句子1.rmvb 32.38 MB││ 3.句子2.rmvb 23.06 MB││ 4.用词.rmvb 12.12 MB││ 5.综合.rmvb 11.62 MB│├─随意啃英语002[VOA常速英语] (1 folders, 1 files, 632.31 MB, 652.74 MB in total.)│││随意啃英语002[VOA常速英语].iso 632.31 MB││└─随意啃英语.1.10升级程序(0 folders, 2 files, 20.43 MB, 20.43 MB in total.) ││Syk.exe 20.43 MB││使用方法.txt 132 bytes│├─王强口语(0 folders, 5 files, 1.25 GB, 1.25 GB in total.)││MP3.rar 166.24 MB││ZzFlash1.4(播放器).rar 746.46 KB││第二册68.75课时.rar 565.59 MB││第一册Flash.rar 541.80 MB││文本.rar 5.67 MB│├─英语900句（mp3软件版）(0 folders, 2 files, 273.71 MB, 273.71 MB in total.)││开口篇.ISO 139.50 MB││生活篇.iso 134.21 MB│├─英语天天背(0 folders, 2 files, 675.02 MB, 675.02 MB in total.)││StepEn.iso 675.02 MB││序列号.txt 24 bytes│└─英语语音速成(0 folders, 2 files, 493.39 MB, 493.39 MB in total.)│英语语音速成.mdf 493.39 MB│英语语音速成.mds 486 bytes├─新概念英语(7 folders, 5 files, 643.43 MB, 2.33 GB in total.)││21天精通新概念.ISO 124.38 MB││新概念英语EBook.exe 6.14 MB││新概念英语Flash03.iso 394.74 MB││新概念英语MP3.iso 63.48 MB││新概念英语有声E书.iso 54.69 MB│├─XDF补充材料(0 folders, 9 files, 3.27 MB, 3.27 MB in total.)││XDF新概念英语第1册补充教材.doc 233.50 KB││XDF新概念英语第2册补充教材.doc 235.50 KB││XDF新概念英语第3册补充教材.doc 280.50 KB││XDF新概念英语第4册补充教材.doc 210.00 KB││ZzFlash1.4(播放器).rar 746.46 KB││新概念补充材料第01册.swf 256.26 KB││新概念补充材料第02册.swf 374.20 KB││新概念补充材料第03册.swf 418.64 KB││新概念补充材料第04册.swf 596.20 KB│├─笔记(0 folders, 5 files, 15.11 MB, 15.11 MB in total.)││新概念第一册笔记.pdf 5.33 MB││第四册对照表.pdf 242.79 KB││新概念第二册笔记.pdf 1.25 MB││新概念第三册笔记.pdf 4.06 MB││新概念第四册笔记.pdf 4.23 MB│├─美音版(0 folders, 3 files, 157.14 MB, 157.14 MB in total.)││新概念英语美音版第2册mp3.rar 90.27 MB││新概念英语美音版第3册mp3.rar 21.02 MB││新概念英语美音版第4册mp3.rar 45.85 MB│├─文本(0 folders, 4 files, 563.34 KB, 563.34 KB in total.)││第一册.rar 59.07 KB││第二册.rar 101.43 KB││第三册.rar 136.08 KB││第四册.rar 266.75 KB│├─新东方新概念英语课堂讲解(0 folders, 4 files, 1.43 GB, 1.43 GB in total.)││新概念英语_III.iso 395.05 MB││新概念英语_IV.iso 486.67 MB││新概念英语_Ⅱ.iso 549.92 MB││新概念英语_Ⅱ_Add.rar 32.72 MB│├─英音版(0 folders, 3 files, 80.07 MB, 80.07 MB in total.)││新概念英语英音版第2册mp3.lrc歌词.rar 22.82 MB││新概念英语英音版第3册mp3.lrc歌词.rar 31.33 MB││新概念英语英音版第4册mp3.lrc歌词.rar 25.92 MB│└─语法精粹(0 folders, 4 files, 22.79 MB, 22.79 MB in total.)│新概念语法精粹第02册.doc 5.66 MB│新概念语法精粹第02册.pdf 4.85 MB│新概念语法精粹第03册.doc 6.48 MB│新概念语法精粹第03册.pdf 5.79 MB└─游戏学英文男女速配篇(Adventures in romance) (0 folders, 4 files, 1.43 GB, 1.43 GB in total.)Play.cd1.mdf 724.15 MBPlay.cd1.mds 8.81 KBPlay.cd2.mdf 742.95 MBPlay.cd2.mds 8.81 KB补充说明：托业.Complete.Guide.Of.The.TOEIC.Test的安装注册码：1X2580-12X5新东方商务口语3CD合成版的序列号附在镜像里面注意：请选择您所需的下载，因为是BT共享，所以可能比较慢，大家要有耐心，如果无源我可以为大家补种。