美国文学期末作业---好人布朗
美国文学选读期末试卷
美国文学选读期末试卷美国文学选读期末试卷(A);PartⅠ:Choosetherelevantm;(10pointsinall,2pointfor;Group1; ColumnAColumnB;()1.BenjaminFranklina.Mo;()2.EdgarAllanPoeb. TheCa;()3.RalphWaldoEmersonc.T;()4.NathanielHawtho 美国文学选读期末试卷 (A)Part Ⅰ: Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.(10 points in all, 2 point for each)Group 1Column A Column B( )1. Benjamin Franklin a. Moby Dick( )2.Edgar Allan Poe b. The Cast of Amontillado( )3. Ralph Waldo Emerson c. The Scarlet letter( )4. Nathaniel Hawthorne d. Self-Reliance( )5. Herman Melville e. The AutobiographyPart ⅠⅠ: Gap filling (10 points in all, 1 point for each).1.2.3.4. ?The Old Man and the Sea? is written by _______ . Samuel Langhorne Clemens is better known by the pen name ______ _______ . ?the remains of my relations? means __________________ in Chinese. ?I must not only punish but punish with impunity? means ___________________________in Chinese.5. _________ is regarded as the first person to write the detective novel in the west.6. Ralph Waldo Emerson is the supporter of _________.7. Herman Melville is the famous _________and poet ofAmerica.8. In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. It was entitled _________ by Emerson.9. The historical novel ?Scarlet Letter? describes the17th century?s life style of the___________________________ in North America.10. In Herman Melville?s Moby Dick?, as the opposite of the human being, the whale stands for __________________.Part ⅠⅠⅠ: Reading Comprehension (40 po ints in all, 2 points for each).AI travel a lot, and I find out different “styles” (风格) of directions every time 1 ask “How can I get to the post office?”Foreign tourists are often confused (困惑) in Japan because most streets there don?t have names; in Japan, people use landmarks (地标) in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus sto p.”In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and d istances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, “Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile.”People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles. “How far away is the pos t office?” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “it?s about five minutes from here.” You say, “Yes, but how manymiles away is it?” They don?t know. It?s true that a person doesn?t know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, ?Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I don?t know.” People in Yucatan believe that “I don?t know” is impolite, they usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!1. When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place they usually _________A. describe the place carefullyB. show him a map of the placeC. tell him the names of the streetsD. refer to recognizable buildings and places2. What is the place where people measure distance in time? _________A. New York.B. Los Angeles.C. Kansas.D. Iowa.3. People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer ________A. in order to save timeB. as a testC. so as to be politeD. for fun4. What can we infer from the text? _________A. It?s important for travelers to understand cultural differences.B. It?s useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.C. People have similar understandings of politeness.D. New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.BHeroes of Our TimeA good heartDikembe Mutombo grew up in Africa among great poverty and disease. He came to Georgetown University on a scholarshipto study medicine — but Coach John Thompson got a look at Dikembe and had a different idea. Dikembe became a star in the NBA, and a citizen of the United States. But he never forgot the land of his birth, or the duty to share his fortune with others. He built a new hospital in his old hometown in the Congo.A friend has said of this good-hearted man: “Mutombo be lieves that God has given him this chance to do great things.”Success and kindnessAfter her daughter was born, Julie Aigner-Clark searched for ways to share her love of music and art with her child. So she borrowed some equipment, and began filming children?s videos in her own house. The Baby Einstein Company was born, and in just five years her business grew to more than $20 million in sales. And she is using her success to help others — producing child safety videos with John Walsh of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Julie says of her new program: “I believe it?s the most important thing that I have ever done. I believe that children have the right to live in a world that is safe.”Bravery and courageA few weeks ago, Wesley Autrey was waiting at a Harlem subway station with his two little girls when he saw a man fall into the path of a train. With seconds to act, Wesley jumped onto the tracks, pulled the man into the space between the rails, and held him as the train passed right above their heads. He insists he?s not a hero. He says: “We have got to show each other some love.”A. Being a star in the NBA.B. Being a student of medicine.C. His work in the church.D. His willingness to help the needy..A. helpful to his personal developmentB. something he should do for his homelandC. a chance for his friends to share his moneyD. a way of showing his respect to the NBAA. Produce safety equipment for children.B. Make videos to help protect children.C. Sell children?s music and artwork.D. Look for missing and exploited children.A. He helped a man get across the rails.B. He stopped a man from destroying the rails.C. He protected two little girls from getting hurt.D. He saved a person without considering his own safety.CTom was one of the brightest boys in the year, with supportive parents. But when he was 15 he suddenly stopped trying. He left school at 16 with only two scores for secondary school subjects. One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer group.The lack of right male role models in many of their lives — at home and particularly in the school environment — means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.They don?t see men succeeding in society so it doesn?t occur to them that they could make something of themselves. Without male teachers as a role model, the effect of peer actions and street culture is all powerful. Boys want to be part of a club. However, schools can provide the environment for change, and provide the right role models for them. Teachers need to be trained to stop that but not in front of a child?s peers. You haveto do it one to one, because that is when you see the real child.It?s pointless sending a child home if he or she has done wrong. They see it as a welcome day off to watch television or play computer games. Instead, schools should have a special unit where a child who has done wrong goes for the day and gets advice about his problems — somewhere he can work away from his peers and go home after the other children.A. He disliked his teachers.B. His parents no longer supported him.C. It?s cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.D. There were too many subjects in his secondary school..A. Peer groups.B. A special unit.C. The student judges.D. The home environment.A. Wait for their change patiently.B. Train leaders of their peer groups.C. Stop the development of street culture.D. Give them lessons in a separate area.12. A teacher?s work is most effective with a schoolboy when heA. is with the boy alone B. teaches the boy a lessonC. sends the boy home as punishmentD. works together with another teacherDFar from the land of Antarctica, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have ananswer.Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish?s blood and measured its freezing point.The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of-1.88°C and ma ny tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2.05°C. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture.The scientists? next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish?s blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein never before seen in put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point.Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules(分子)held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP..A. The terrible conditions in the Antarctic.B. A special fish living in freezing waters.C. The ice shelf around Antarctica.D. Protection of the Antarctic cod..A. The seawater has a temperature of -1.88°C.B. it loves to live in the ice-salt mixtureC. A special protein keeps it from freezing.D. Its blood has a temperature lower than -2.05°C.15. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5refer to?A. A type of ice-salt mixture. B. A newly found protein.C. Fish blood.D. Sugar molecule.16. What does “glyco-” in the underlined word “glycoprotein” in the last paragraphA. sugarB. iceC. bloodD. moleculeEIf your boss asks you to work in Moscow this year, he?d better offer you more money to doso — or even double that depending on where you live now. That?s because Moscow has just been found to be the world?s most expensive city for the second year in a row by Mercer Human Resources Consulting.Using the cost of living in New York as a base, Mercer determined Moscow is 34.4 percent more expensive including the cost of housing, transportation, food, clothing, household goods and entertainment.A two-bedroom flat in Moscow now costs $4,000 a month; a CD $24.83, and an international newspaper $6.30, according to Mercer. By comparison, a fast food meal with a hamburger is London takes the No. 2 place, up from No. 5 a year ago, thanks to higher cost of housing and a stronger British pound relative to the dollar. Mercer estimates London is 26 percent more expensive than New York these days. Following London closely are Seoul and T okyo, both of which are 22 percent more expensive than New York, while No. 5 Hong Kong is 19 percent more costly.Among North American cities, New York and Los Angeles are the most expensive and are the only two listed in the top 50 of the world?s most expensive cities. But both have fallen since last year?s study — New York came in 15th, down from 10th place,while Los Angeles fell to 42nd from 29th place a year ago. San Francisco came in a distant third at No. 54, down 20 places from a year earlier.Toronto, meanwhile, is Canada?s most expensive city but fell 35 places to take 82nd place worldwide. In Australia, Sydney is the priciest place to live in and No. 21 worldwide.17. What do the underlined words “a steal” in Paragraph 3 mean? _________A. an act of stealingB. something deliciousC. something very cheapD. an act of buying18. London has become the second most expensive city because of _________A. the high cost of clothingB. the stronger pound against the dollarC. its expensive transportationD. the high prices of fast food meals19. Which city is the third most expensive on the list? _________A. Tokyo.B. Hong Kong.C. Moscow.D. Sydney.20. Which city has dropped most on the list in North America?A. New York.B. Los Angeles.C. San Francisco.D. Toronto.Part IV: Translation (40 points in all, 20 points for each).1. When he found I would leave him, he took care to prevent me getting employment in anyother printing house of the town by going round and speaking to every master, who accordingly refused to give me work. I then thought of going to New York as the nearest place where there was a printer; and I was the rather inclined to leave Boston when I reflected that I had already made myself a little obnoxious to the governing party; and from the arbitraryproceeding of the Assembly in my brother?s case, it was likely I might if I stayed soon bring myself into scrapes, and further that my indiscreet disputations about religion began to make me pointed at with horror by good people as an infidel or atheist. I determined on the point, but my father now siding with my brother, I was sensible that if I attempted to go openly means would be used to prevent me.2. He had a weak point--this Fortunato--although in other regards he was a man to be[美国文学选读期末试卷]。
好人布朗
浅析《小伙子古德曼·布朗》中的象征摘要：《小伙子古德曼·布朗》是霍桑短篇小说中出色的一篇。
该篇小说通过描写布朗受到内心罪恶的驱使去森林间参加魔鬼聚会这件事，揭示了人的本性是恶这样一个主题，批判了信仰的不彻底性，导致了最终的堕落，但同时也表现了霍桑对清教主义的矛盾看法。
本文旨在分析其中的象征手法，让读者更好地理解小说的主题以及作者矛盾的清教观。
关键字：《小伙子古德曼·布朗》；象征；霍桑；清教主义纳撒尼尔·霍桑（1804—1864）是美国19世纪最伟大的浪漫主义作家之一。
他以其独特的审视视角和创作手法为我们留下了宝贵的文学遗产。
无论在长篇小说还是在短篇小说领域都很有建树。
像《红字》、《玉石像人》、《教长的黑纱》等都受到世人的欢迎。
由于加尔文清教意识的影响，霍桑的很多作品都着重描绘内在的堕落，人性的黑暗，讨论道德与罪恶的问题。
在揭露人的劣根性的同时，对许多善良的人们寄予了很大的同情。
在这些作品中，他不仅善于运用心理分析与描写，还大量运用象征主义手法，增加作品的深层含义以及其浪漫主义色彩。
本文所选的是他的一部短篇小说集《古宅青苔》中的名篇《小伙子古德曼·布朗》，通过分析这篇短篇小说中象征手法，让读者更好地认识这部作品的主题以及霍桑矛盾的清教观。
《小伙子古德曼·布朗》主要讲的是生活在塞勒姆小镇的一个青年人布朗的故事。
由于他没有经受住罪恶的诱惑，去森林中参加一场与恶魔的聚会，最终见证了人性丑恶的本质，失去了原有的信仰，走向了堕落的深渊。
小说采用了超现实主义的写作手法，向我们展示了一个亦真亦幻的世界，为其增添了魔幻色彩，并且大量使用的象征手法，使小说充满寓言感。
一、名字的象征意义在这部小说中，名字的象征意义十分明显。
霍桑出生于清教徒家庭，或多或少会受到一些清教影响，所以在他的很多小说中，都看到清教思想的影响因素。
在一些清教徒家庭，他们习惯用好的道德标准的修饰词加到名字当中。
好人布朗 霍桑
小伙子古德曼①·布朗--------------------------------------------------------------------------------日落时分，小伙子古德曼·布朗走出家门，来到萨勒姆村街道上，可跨出门槛又回头，与年轻的妻子吻别。
而妻子费丝——这名字对她恰如其分②——把漂亮的脑袋伸出门外，任风儿拂弄她帽子上粉红的缎带，呼唤着古德曼·布朗。
--------①古德曼（Goodman）在英文中含“好人”之意。
本故事发生的历史背景是马萨诸塞州萨勒姆一带巫术流行时期。
故事中，小伙子布朗及其妻所皈依的便是巫术。
此地后来发生了“萨勒姆事件”，大规模围剿迷信巫术的老百姓。
请参看本书“爱丽丝·多恩的恳求”及其注释。
②费丝（Faith）在英文中含“忠实”之意。
“宝贝心肝，”她樱唇贴近他耳朵，伤心地娇声曼语，“求你明天日出再出门旅行，今晚就睡在自家床上嘛。
孤单单的女人会做些可怕的梦，生些吓人的念头，有时候连自己都害怕。
今晚就留下来和我相守吧，亲爱的，一年到头只求你这一夜。
”“我的宝贝，亲爱的费丝，”小伙子布朗回答，“一年到头就这一夜，我必须离开你。
我这趟出门，就是你说的旅行，必须现在就走，明天日出时回来。
怎么，我漂亮可爱的妻子，结婚才三个月，你就怀疑我啦？”“那就愿上帝保佑你！”粉红缎带飘飘的费丝道，“愿你回来时看到一切平安。
”“阿门！”古德曼·布朗叫道，”做祷告吧，亲爱的费丝，一天黑就上床，不会有什么东西伤害你的。
”于是二人分手。
小伙子匆匆上路，到礼拜堂旁边，正要拐弯，回头一望，但见费丝仍在伫望，神情忧伤，虽然那粉红缎带仍在飘扬。
“可怜的小费丝！”他骂着自己，“俺真够可耻的，竟为了这么趟差使丢下她！她还提到了梦，讲话的样子那么愁，就像已有什么梦警告过她，今晚俺要去干啥事。
不，不，她要知道了真会活不下去。
唉，她真是个有福的人间天使，过了今晚这一夜，俺再也不离开她的裙边喽，要一直跟着她上天堂。
美国文学期末考试问答题及答案
1.What is Emerson’s attitude towards charity? Why does he holdsuch an attitude?The worst of charity is that the lives you are asked to preserve are not worth preserving.Not all charity mean goodness.One must explore if it be goodness.If malice and vanity wear the coat of philanthropy,that shall not pass,One’s goodness must have some edge to it,else it is none.2.According to the poem “A Psalm of Life”, how should our lives beled to overcome the fact that each day brings us nearer to death? According to these sentences“Be not like dumb, driven cattle!Be a hero in the strife!”“Act, -act in the living Present!Heart within, and God o'er head!”we can see the speaker is a man of action, always optimistic and cheerful, trying to achieve as much as possible in the short span of life.We should work harder and live happier.Llife is not a dream, but very real, and urges us to live it to the fullest. The purpose of life is to do something. Our own individual time on earth is limited and will pass very quickly, we should try to achieve sth on earth and leave behind something.3.Do you think the narrator and his listener ever suspect thepresence of the humor of the story in “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”? Why? How do you interpret their interactions?The narrator and his listener never noticed or suspected the presence of humor.During the intercourse the narrator went vigorously on his monotonous narrative without a little smiling talking about the animals and the things like while the listener felt rather puzzled or bothered by his stories.It seemed to be kind of coarse things. So the two different scenes go on separately without a intersection.And their interaction was a complete failure according toour common sense about communication.But it in this sense produced the effect of humor which can be tasted by our readers due to the skills adopted by Mark Twain .4.What does the title of the play “A Streetcar Named Desire” standfor?"Desire" is in fact a streetcar's name in America,but in this drama,it alludes the life of Blanche who indulging herself in desire and lies.There is an actual streetcar named “Desire” that Blanche takes on her way to the Kowalskis’. Which brings us nicely into our discussion of the metaphorical meaning of the title .Blanche is literally brought to the Kowalski place by “Desire,” but she is also brought there by desire; her sexual escapeds in Laurel ruined her reputation and drove her out of town.Desire.then Cemeterird , then Elysian Fields.Sex,death,afterlife.It’s like a linear progression.Sec leads to death,or at least some heavy-duty wreckage. Blanche herself seems to recognize some sort of connection here with this line, one that is key to understanding the role that desire plays in Streetcar: “Death, death was as close as you are. The opposite is desire” . Blanche is somehow under the impression that sex is her escape from death. She turned to sex to comfort herself after her husband died, and after her relatives passedaway one by one.5.In “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place”, the old waiter said to theyounger waiter: “We are of two different kinds.” In what way do you think they are different?The two waiters represent two contrasting attitudes towards life. The young waiter tends to be selfish and confident. He is fully confident of his marriage and work, but he does not know that all these are based on his youth, which is not reliable since it is temporary. He lives in nada, of which he is not aware at all. He lives in a state of ignorance, muddling along. We can say that he is physically alive but spiritually dead. The old waiter tends to be sympathetic and less confident. He wants to help other lonely people who have lost their beliefs, although the only thing he can offer them is a decent place as a refuge from the disorderly, dark, and meaningless world. He is fully aware of the nihilistic life of modern men, therefore, he faces such a meaningless life with courage, endurance, and dignity by seeking order, code, and meaning of life in his heart.6.What is speaker’s reaction to modern America in “ASupermarket in California”?"A Supermarket in California" doesn't use the word "America" until the end of the poem, but that doesn't mean this one's not all about our fair nation. Ginsberg imagines an America that fits a very 1950s ideal: blue automobiles in driveways of suburban homes, whole families shopping together. The speaker feels like an outsider in this America, which is all about the things you can buy; he conjures up Whitman who, he hopes, represents a "lost America of love," which was more about love than about things. But in the last line of the poem, the speaker calls all this into question: was there really ever an "America of love"? Or, like Walt Whitman, is this all a fantasy? 7.How is the egg in “The Triumph of the Egg”used to unify thenarrative elements?In the whole story of the article,the checked destiny of eggs,surly,is the main clue of all the episodes of the whole story,also,eggs reflect changes of father,mother and I.Chicken raising represents father’s starting pursuing his dream.Then chickens become sick and die constantly,making father meet troubles and can not control his own life.Grotesques somewhat equals to distorted concept. The dreadful circle ,shows the abnormal relations between egg and chicken, people and their generation.Egg trick reveals father’s desire to be respected, but the failure finally break his dream .In the end,father lay the egg, close the restaurant and go to bed ,shows that he finally decides to give up.。
美国文学期末试卷B
———系————班姓名————学号——--------------------------密---------------------封---------------------线-------衡水学院外语系英语专业2004级普本2007—2008学年第一学期期末考试美国文学史及选读课程试卷（B）命题教师：徐常兰试题审核人：孙艳I. Work-Author pairing-up: (15%)( ) 1. The Confidence-Man A. Walt Whitman( ) 2. The House of the Seven Gables B. Ralph Waldo Emerson ( ) 3. The Over-Soul C. Nathaniel Hawthorne( ) 4. There Was a Child Went Forth D. Herman Melville( ) 5. The Turn of the Screw E. Emily Dickenson( ) 6. This is My Letter to the World F. Henry James( ) 7. The Hairy Ape G.. F. Scott Fitzgerald( ) 8. The Sound and the Fury H. Eugene O’ Nell( ) 9. Tender Is the Night I. William Faulkner( ) 10. For Whom the Bell Tolls . J. Eugene O’Nell( ) 11. Emperor Jones K. Ernest Hemingway( ) 12. After Apple -Picking L. Ezra Pound( ) 13. In a Station of the Metro M. Robert Frost( ) 14. North of Boston( ) 15. In Our TimeII. Choose one suitable answer for each statement. (20%)( ) 1. In Robert Frost’s famous poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”, there are four lines like these: “The woods are lovely, dark and deep, /But I have promises to keep, / And miles to go before I sleep, /And miles to go before I sleep”. The second sleep refers to ____A. dieB. calm downC. fall into sleepD. stop walking( ) 2. Of the following American poets, whose work was first recognized in England and then in America?A. Robert FrostB. Walt WhitmanC. Emily DickensonD. Wallace Stevens( ) 3. In these lines “The apparition of these faces in the crowd; /Petals on a wet, black bough”, Ezra Pound uses the figure of speech of ___.A. metaphorB. simileC. hyperboleD. contrast( ) 4. Chinese poetry and philosophy had great influence on ______A. Robert FrostB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Ezra PoundD. Emily Dickenson( ) 5. The Hemingway code heroes are best remembered for their_____.A. indestructible spiritB. pessimistic view of lifeC. war experiencesD. masculinity( ) 6. Lots of people rushed to Gatsby’s party at the weekend and they clustered around Gatsby’s wealth like_____.A. gluttonsB. fliesC. insectsD. moths( ) 7. In a class which discusses the Imagist Movement in the United States, we will definitely NOT include ___A. William Carlos WilliamsB. Ezra PoundB. Gary Snyder D. Wallance Stevens( ) 8. Emily Dickenson was sometimes curious about the feeling of death and in one of her poems she wrote about the _________of death, the title of the poem is “ I heard a Fly buzz when I died”.A. momentB. sufferingC. happinessD. meaning( )9. In all his novels Theodore Dresier set himself to project the materialistic American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined ____.A. hereditarilyB. economicallyC. by his or her literalnessD. historically( )10. Theodore Dresier was influenced by many writers whose works he had read.But his true literary influence did not come from___.A. BalzacB. Charles DarwinC. Herbert SpencerD. Ralph Waldo Emerson( ) 11. One of the characteristics that have made Mark Twain one of the major literary figures in the 19th century American literature is the use of _____.A. vernacularB. interior monologueC. point of viewD. photographic description( ) 12. The novelistic technique of projecting the narrative through feelings and thoughts of the characters, reached a perfected form in the works of ____.A. Henry JamesB. William Dean HowellsC. Washington IrvingD. Emily Dickenson( )13. The author of The Portrait of a Lady is best at ______.A.probing into the unsearched secret part of human life.B. A truthful delineation of the motives, the impulses, the principles that shapethe lives of actual men and women.C. A dramatizing the collisions between two very different cultural systems on aninternational scene.D.Disclosing the social injustices and evils of a civilized society after the CivilWar.( ) 14. Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality are_____.A. transcendentalismB. idealistsC. pessimistsD. impressionist( ) 15. Of all the following issues, _____ is definitely NOT the focus of the Romantic writers in the American literary history.A. Puritan moralityB. human bestialityC. noble savagesD. divinity of man( )16. “Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind” is a famous quote from ____’ writings.A.Walt WhitmanB.Henry David ThoreauC. Herman MelvilleD. Ralph Emersion ( ) 17. Moby Dick, the big white whale, is possibly read as symbolic of all the following EXCEPT_____.A. malignancyB. beautyC. adulteryD. God( ) 18. According to Nathaniel Hawthorne, romance should be ____.A.both imaginative and creativeB.full of adventuresC. a true record of human lifeD.a mixture of facts and fancy( ) 19. Whitman is noted for his use of ____ language.A. oralB. poeticC. formalD. archaic( ) 20. According to Whitman, the genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was to behave as a supreme_____.A. democratB. individualistC. romanticistD. leaderIII. Define the following literary terms: (15%)1. Jazz Age2. Local colorism3. The “Hemingway Code” of hero4. picaresque5. imagismIV. Reading comprehension:(12%)Directions: Read the following selected readings and answer the questions.1I make a pact with you, Walt Whitman—I have detested you long enough,I come to you as a grown childWho has had a pig-headed father;I am old enough now to make friends.Questions:1). What is the title of the poem?2) Who writes the poem?3) What does the poem describes?2.“ Standing on the bare ground, ---- my head bathed by the blither air and upliftedinto infinite space,---all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.Questions:(1). What is the title of the essay?(2) Who writes it?(3) How do you understand the philosophical ideas in these world?3.Tell me not, in mournful numbers,Life is but an empty dream!For the soul is dead that slumbers,And things are not what they seem.Questions:1). What is the title of the whole poem from which the stanza is taken?2) Who writes the poem?3) Summarize the poet’s advice on living.4.The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.Questions:1). What is the title of the poem?2) Who writes the poem?3). How do you appreciate this poem?V. Questions:(18%)Directions: For each of the following questions you are asked to concentrate on the essential points.1.What is writing features of Henry James?2.Give a brief analysis of the character of Huckleberry Finn.VII. Essay questions (20%)1.Give a brief analysis of Gatsby’s tragedy in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby.2. Analyze Henry’s illusions in the forest in Stephen Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage.First, Henry convinced himself that nature is benevolent, that she does not blame him for running. Next, he finds himself in a part of the woods which he interprets as a kind of religious place. The insects are praying, and the forest has the appearance of a chapel. Henry becomes satisfied with himself until he discovered a dead soldier in the “chapel”. Henry sees an ant carrying a bundle across the face of the dead man. Shifting to a belief in nature as malevolent indifferent, Henry moves back toward the front.———系————班姓名————学号——-- ------------------------密---------------------封---------------------线-------衡水学院外语系英语专业2004普本2006—2007学年第一学期期末考试英国文学史及选读课程试卷（A）Terminal Exam Paper on English LiteratureAnswer SheetI Work-author pairing-up: (15%) (each 1 point)1-5: 6-10: 11-15:II. Choose one suitable anwer for each statement. (10%) (each 1 point) 1-5: 6-10:III. True-false statement (10%)(each 1 point)1-5: 6-10: 11-15:IV Define the following literary terms: (15%)(each 3points)V Reading comprehension:(24%) (each 6points)VI Questions:(10%) (each 5 points)VII. Essay Questions(16%) (each 8points)。
Young Goodman Brown分析Nathaniel Hawthorne【范本模板】
”Young Goodman Brown” （1835) is a short story by American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne。
The story takes place in 17th century Puritan New England，a common setting for Hawthorne's works, and addresses the Calvinist/Puritan belief that humanity exists in a state of depravity, exempting those who are born in a state of grace。
Hawthorne frequently attempts to expose the hypocrisy of Puritan culture in his literature. In a symbolic fashion，the story follows Young Goodman Brown's journey into self—scrutiny which results in his loss of faith。
Plot summaryThe story begins at sunset in Salem, Massachusetts，as young Goodman Brown leaves Faith，his wife of three months, for an unknown errand in the forest. Faith pleads with her husband to stay with her but he insists the journey into the forest must be completed that night。
美国文学-Poe--TO-HELEN--最全点评-（考试专用）
美国文学-Poe--TO-HELEN--最全点评-（考试专用）TO HELENEdgar Allan PoeHelen, thy beauty is to meLike those Nicean barks of yore,That gently, o'er a perfumed sea,The weary, wayworn wanderer boreTo his own native shore.On desperate seas long wont to roam,Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face,Thy Naiad airs have brought me homeTo the glory that was GreeceAnd the grandeur that was Rome.Lo! in yon brilliant window-nicheHow statue-like I see thee stand,The agate lamp within thy hand!Ah, Psyche, from the regions whichAre Holy Land!致海伦海伦，你的美在我的眼里，有如往日尼西亚的三桅船船行在飘香的海上，悠悠地把已倦于漂泊的困乏船员送回他故乡的海岸。
早已习惯于在怒海上飘荡，你典雅的脸庞，你的鬈发，你水神般的风姿带我返航，返回那往时的希腊和罗马，返回那往时的壮丽和辉煌。
看哪！壁龛似的明亮窗户里，我看见你站着，多像尊雕像，一盏玛瑙的灯你拿在手上！塞姬女神哪，神圣的土地才是你家乡！First Stanza: Helen: An allusion to Helen of Troy in Greek mythology. Helen, the wife of King Menelaus of Greece, was the most beautiful woman in the world. After a Trojan prince named Paris abducted her, the Greeks declared war on the Trojans, fighting a 10-year battle that ended in victory and the restoration of Greek honor. Helen returned to Greece with Menelaus.Nicean: Of or from Nicea (also spelled Nicaea), a city in ancient Bithynia (now part of present-day Turkey) near the site of the Trojan War.barks: small sailing vessels.End rhyme: A, B, A, B, B.Second Stanza:wont: accustomed to (usually followed by an infinitive, such as to roam in the first line of this stanza).Naiad: Naiads were minor nature goddesses in Greek and Roman mythology. They inhabited and presided over rivers, lakes, streams, and fountains.Naiad airs: Peaceful, gentle breezes or qualitiesthe glory that . . .Rome: These last two lines, beginning with the glory that was, are among the most frequently quoted lines in world literature. Writers and speakers quote these lines to evoke the splendor of classical antiquity. The alliteration of glory, Greece, and grandeur helps to make the lines memorable.End rhyme: A, B, A, B, A.Half rhyme: Face and Greece are similar only in that they have one syllable and the same ending–"ce." The vowels "a" and "ee" do not rhyme. Thus, face and Greece make up what is called half rhyme, also known as near rhyme, oblique rhyme, and slant rhyme.agate: a variety of chalcedony (kal SED uh ne), a semiprecious translucent stone with colored stripes or bands. The marbles that children shoot with a flick of the thumb are usually made of agate (although some imitations are made of glass).agate lamp: burning lamp made of agate.Psyche: In Greek and Roman mythology, Psyche was a beautiful princess dear to the god of love, Eros (Cupid), who would visit her in a darkened room in a palace. One night she used an agate lamp to discover his identity. Later, at the urging of Eros, Zeus gave her the gift of immortality. Eros then married her.End rhyme: A, B, B, A, B.from the regions which are Holy Land: from ancient Greece and Rome; from the memory Poe had of Mrs. Stanard Edgar Allan Poe's poem, "T o Helen", was inspired by Sarah Helen Whitman, the beautiful young mother of one of Poe's boyhood friends - "the first purely ideal love of my soul," according to the poet. Or was his poetic inspiration Jane Stith Stanard, as numerous Poe scholars argue? It makes little difference. Since the poem exists in two versions with minor changes, it was apparently first occasioned by his infatuation with Mrs. Stanard and then revised for Mrs. Whitman.The woman of the title is compared to Helen of Troy, possessor of "the face that launched a thousand ships." That quotable quote appeared in Christopher Marlowe's "Dr. Faustus"and refers to the kidnapping by Paris of the world's most beautiful woman, who was the wife of King Menelaus of Sparta. That abduction was the cause of the Trojan war.No one is sure why Poe chose to refer to those ships as "Nicean barks." Nicea (or Nicaea) is an ancient city of Asia Minor. Probably the poet liked the quality of remoteness associated with the place name and the vowel music it produces in combination with "barks." Others feel he may have been echoing Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a favorite poet of the young Poe, who in "Youth and Age" wrote the line, "Like those trim skiffs, unknown of yore."The alliterative "weary, wayworn wanderer" refers to Odysseus (Ulysses in Latin), who was delayed ten years on his return voyage from the Trojan War by the adventures and misadventures recorded in Homer's Odyssey. Like the bark of Odysseus, Poe's Helen and her beauty have transported the poet on the sea of life.Ever a romantic, Poe believed that classical images and allusions were the best ways to capture the "glory" and "grandeur" of the past. His subject's hair is "hyacinth," or the reddish-orange of zircon. The term has often been poetically descriptive of hair since the mid-17th century. Her face is "classic," and "Naiad airs" allude to the graceful nymphs of mythology, who inhabited streams and lakes.In the concluding stanza, Helen becomes a statue, and we recall the serene facial expressions and flowing garments of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. The "agate lamp" in her hand connects to his mention of Psyche,the female personification of the human soul in Greek mythology. Psyche was forbidden to look at her beloved Cupid. One night she did so by the light of this kind of lamp and earnedhis prolonged anger.The Holy Land of the final stanza is the realm of ideal beauty removed both by time and space from the workaday world. In sum, his poem of adoration of a beautiful woman whom he met as an early teenager bespeaks a Platonic, transcendent form of sexuality. It seems consonant with his marriage to Virginia Clemm, a thirteen-year-old first cousin who died at 25 and who is immortalized in "Annabel Lee.""There comes Poe, with his raven, like Barnaby Rudge,/ Three fifths of him genius and two fifths sheer fudge" quipped James Russell Lowell in the "Poe and Longfellow" section of his satirical poem, "A Fable for Critics". TS Eliot compared Poe's mind with that of "a highly gifted young person before puberty".Edgar Allan Poe's poetry, whatever its limitations, was a catalyst. The current of his imagination flowed on into Europe and helped nurture the French symbolist movement. Stéphane Mallarméin "Le Tombeau d'Edgar Poe" hailed him as the poet whose angel gave "a purer meaning to the dialect of the tribe". Poe may have seemed to Eliot an intellectual adolescent, but we could retort that he was in fact the grandfather of one of Eliot's most famous lines, "To purify the dialect of the tribe".A child-like quality is certainly present in his verse. It's in the diction and the idealised childhood eroticism of "Annabel Lee". The Gothic imagination generally seems formed out of nursery shadows and nightmares, infused with adolescent sexual guilt. Poe's vision of love tainted and destroyed reaches an almost ecstatic pitch in "The Raven" and in "Ulalume: A Ballad" (a superbly made poem, better than "The Raven", I think). Poe enjoyed writing burlesque, and these narratives enjoyably teeter on, and draw back from, its brink.In more lyrical, less Gothic mode, Poe might be a decadent reincarnation of William Blake. His simple rhythms and rhymes are asserted with an emotional directness that renders the simplicity trustworthy. Poe's idealism is purely aesthetic, however. His angels are jealous or demonic; he sings his liebestod in a fallen world.In an essay, The Poetic Principle, Poe explains his aesthetic, and weaves into it an instructive anthology of poems he admires. Classics were an important influence, as the skill of his versification testifies. In this week's poem, "To Helen", classicism and aestheticism seamlessly fuse.It's an atypical poem, perhaps, with its air of calm concentration, its almostimagistic focus. Poe, like Yeats later on in "Sailing to Byzantium" tries to transfix a notional Golden Age in verse that itself is timeless and hard. Whoever his personal "Helen" may have been, she is more than an earthly beloved; partly the Helen of classical legend, she is also, the last stanza suggests, a Beatrice-like figure of moral – or, at least, untainted – illumination.A little patience is required of today's readers, not only with those "Nicéan barks of yore". There is a "perfumed sea" to compound the decorative fantasy. But why not? This sea is "perfumed" because it's an ideal sea, sniffed on board the ideal boat of imagination. The adjective prefigures the flower which, in the next stanza, will give us both the sea's colour and a lovely image of scented, curling hair: the hyacinth.In the second stanza, a slightly dislocated, Latinate grammar floats the poem towards symbolism. The speaker is the literal subject of "long wont to roam". But, metaphorically, the hair, face and "Naiad airs" have shared the voyage. The "roam/Rome"rhyme that "book-ends" this verse is a subtle touch –a miniature history in a pair of homophones.The variation in each stanza's closing lines deserves comment. The trimeter line that follows the tetrameter in "The weary, way-worn traveller bore/ To his own native shore," has the cadence of homecoming. "To the glory that was Greece./ And the grandeur that was Rome" are regular trochaic four-beat lines, planted so firmly as to transform the banal thought – and the perhaps rather vague distinction between "glory" and "grandeur".The last stanza is the amazing one. We don't expect to see Psyche at this point but there she is, in a silhouette as clear-cut as her "agate lamp". If she is the self, or soul, perhaps "the regions which/ Are Holy-Land" denote the Unconscious. The poem ends on its only dimeter line, a curtailment suggesting perfect sufficiency. This is the limit past which poets – and readers – travel only in silence. Unusually, for Poe, "T o Helen" leaves a lot unsaid. But, personally, I'd rather have this one exquisite lyric than any number of his narratives.Edgar Alan Poe：T o HelenIt is one of Poe’s most famous lyrics, inspired by Mrs. Jane Stith Stanard, the mother of a schoolmate of Poe, in Richmond, Virginia. Poe described the poem as “lines written in mypassionate boyhood, to the first, purely ideal love of my soul.”?The Helen of Greek myth was the beautiful daughter of Zeus. Her abduction by Paris was the cause of the Trojan War and the source of the Iliad of Homer.Psyche was the daughter of an unknown king. Her beauty was so extraordinary that men would worship her instead of courting her. Aphrodite then, out of jealousy for her beauty, sent Eros to make Psyche fall in love with some unworthy man whilean oracle said that Psyche must wed a horrible monster on the top of a mountain. Psyche then was first exposed, and then carried by the wind to a castle. But Eros, instead of obeying Aphrodite, fell in love with Psyche and visited her every night, although never allowing Psyche to see him. However, following the advices dictated by jealousy that her two sisters gave her, Psyche managed to know who her lover was. Eros then deserted her, and when their love was discovered, Psyche suffered the wrath of Aphrodite, who mistreated her in many ways. However, after several complications the lovers could reunite, and Psyche was reconciled with Aphrodite and made immortal.Throughout the Poem, Poe uses allusions to classical names and places, as well as certain kinds of images to create the impression of a far-off idealized, unreal woman, like aGreek statue.Helen stands, not like a real woman, but like a saint in a “window-niche”. She becomes a symbol both of beauty and of frustration, a romantically idealized, yet inaccessible image of the heart’s desire.。
美国文学期末试卷及其规范标准答案
《美国文学》期末考试试卷（B卷）1.Poor Richard’s Almanac ( )2.The House of the Seven Gables ( )3.“Raven”( )4.My Antonia ( )5.Babbitt ( )6.A Streetcar Named Desire ( )7.Maggie: A Girl of the Streets ( )8.A Farewell to Arms ( )9.The Call of the Wild ( )10.Long Day's Journey into Night ( )mon Sense ( )12. “Rip Van Winkle”( )13. Walden( )14. The Song of Hiawatha( )15. Uncle Tom’s Cabin( )16.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn( )17.Sister Carrie( )18.The Waste Land( )19. A Farewell to Arms( )20.The Great Gatsby( )1.defined poetry as the rhythmical creation of beauty.2.While working for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, Samuel LanghorneClemens adopted the pseudonym , the way of a boatman taking soundings, and meaning two fathoms.3.Ezra Pound initiated a campaign for , which emphasized the directtreatment of an object or situation. He also advocated the language of common speech, but always the exact word.4.Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the 1920s decade in hismasterpiece novel _________.5.is the first American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature for hisvigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters.6.The first of American literature was not written by an American, but by___________________, a British captain, who thus became the first American writer.7._________________ has been considered the “Father of modern American Poetry.\8._______________________was a great democratic poet. He is also the great poet touse the form of free verse.9._____________________is the first American lyric poet.10._______________________is also called novel of the road, it strings the incidentson the line of the hero’s travel.Ⅲ. Choose only one answer form the four choices as the most appropriate answer. (30%)1. In American literature, the eighteenth century was the age of the Enlightenment, _______________ was the dominant spirit.A. HumanismB. RationalismC. RevolutionD. Evolution2. Who was considered as the “Poet of American Revolution”?A. Michael WigglesworthB. Edward TaylorC. Anne BradstreetD. Philip Freneau3. The finest example of Hawthorne’s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in_______.A. The Scarlet LetterB. Young Goodman BrownC. The Marble FaunD. The Ambitious Guest4. ____________ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.A. ThoreauB. EmersonC. HawthorneD. Whitman5. Choose the work NOT written by Mark Twain.A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. Innocents AbroadC. Life on the MississippiD. The Rise of Silas Lapham6. Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?A. The American ScholarB. English TraitsC. The Conduct of LifeD. Representative Men7. Melville’s ____________________ is an encyclopedia of everything, history,philosophy, religion, etc, in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.A. The Old Man and the SeaB. Moby DickC. White JacketD. Billy Budd8. American literature produced only one female poet during the nineteenth century. Thiswas ___________.A. Anne BradstreetB. Jane AustenC. Emily DickinsonD. Harriet Beecher9. The main theme of _______________ The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo thatrepresentation of life should be the main object of the novel.A. Henry James’B. William Dean Howells’C. Mark Twain’sD. O. Henry’s10. ___________ showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the poetry of Li Po into English, and was influenced by Confucian ideas.A. Ezra PoundB. Robert FrostC. T. S. EliotD. E. E. Cummings11. With William Dean Howells, Henry James, and Mark Twain active on the scene,_______ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century.A. sentimentalismB. romanticismC. realismD. naturalism12. Ezra Pound's long poem____________ contained more than one hundred poemsloosely connected.A. The Waste LandB. The CantosC. Don JuanD. Queen Mab13. In Paris, Ernest Hemingway, along with _____________, accomplished a revolutionin literary style and language.A. Gertrude SteinB. Ezra PoundC. James JoyceD. all of the above14. __________ tells the Joad family' s life from the time they were evicted from theirfarm in Oklahoma until their first winter in California.A. Of Mice and MenB. The Grapes of WrathC. The Great GatsbyD. For Whom the Bell Tolls15. The two areas on which the modem American writers concentrated their criticismwere the failures of American society and ___________ .A. the failure of communication among AmericansB. the economic depressionC. the extreme prosperity of AmericaD. the paradise of New LandIV. Choose TEN of the following and decide whether the statements are true or false. (10%)1. All his literary life, Hawthorne seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in life.2. Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about love and religion.3.The First World War led the American intellectuals to a bitter disillusionment.4. Hemingway’s works have sometimes been read as an essentially negative commentary on a modern world filled with sterility, failure, and death.5.Mark Twain’s region was the Deep South, with its bitter history of slavery, civil war and destruction.6. Ernest Hemingway developed a spare, tight, reportorial prose based on simple sentence structure and using a restricted vocabulary, precise imagery, and an impersonal, dramatic tone.7.John Steinbeck' s theme was usually that simple human virtues such as kindness and fair treatment were far superior to official hard-heartedness, or the dehumanizing cruelty of exploiters for their own commercial advantage.8. Short-lived, the Imagist movement failed to exert a tremendous influence on modern poetry.9. Robert Frost won four Nobel Prizes in his life.10.In his novels, F. Scott Fitzgerald had revealed the stridency of an age of glittering innocence, he had portrayed the hollowness of the American worship of riches and the unending American dream of love, splendor and fulfilled desires.11.Of Plymouth Plantation was written by William Bradford.12.Realists thought highly of individual status and role in the world. The romanticists preferred the innate or intuitive perception by the heart of man. They thought that man was essentially of goodwill, only the civilized society made him degenerate. They pointed out, the means to uproot evils and to save mankind was habits, and to return to “natural primitive state”.13.Deists believed in a Creator God, but rejected providence(Godly direction) and revelation (divine will or Godly "truth")in favor of reason.14..President Lincoln praised Anne Bradstreet as “the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war.”15.Edgar Allan Poe wrote two poems both entitled “ To Helen”.16.The thinking of Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau also greatly influenced the activethinking of Americans who became increasingly concerned with the possibility of building a government. Locke and Rousseau represented the impulse for a Jeffersonian democracy, and Hobbes represented the point of view, often expressed by Hamilton, of a strong central government.17.Hemingway, Pound, Cummings, Dos Passos, and Fitzgerald, belong to the school of “Beat Generation”.18.F. Scott Fitzgerald is called the leader and poet laureate of the Jazz Age who wrote the novels of the Jazz Age.19.Yoknapatawpha saga is a name for John Steinbeck’s novels.20.“Thanatopsis” is a word Bryant borrowed from Greek meaning “meditation on death”. V. Choose THREE of the following fragments and answer the questions. (20%)Passage OneLo! in you brilliant window-nicheHow statue-like I see thee stand,The agate lamp within thy hand!Ah, Psyche, from the regions whichAre Holy-Land!Questions:1.This is the last stanza of a poem “To Helen”. Its writer is _________.(1%)2. With whom is Helen associated in this stanza? (1%)3. How to appreciate the beauty of this poem? (3%)Passage 2I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the differenceQuestions:1. Who is the writer of this poem? (1%)2. What is the title of this poem? (1%)3. What kind of feeling does this stanza show? (3%)4. How do you appreciate this poem? (3%)Passage 3I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it byexperience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God. Questions:1. This passage is taken from a famous work entitled _________ . (1%)2. The author of the work is____________ . (1%)3.List by yourself at least five reasons that the author gives for going to live in thewoods. (5%)Passage 4But, on one side of the portal（入口），and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush, covered, in this month of June, with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him.Questions:1.This part is from the novel , written by . (2%)2.What does “the wild rose bush” symbolize according to your opinion? (5%)Passage 5Often I think of the beautiful townThat is seated by the sea;Often in thought go up and downThe pleasant streets of that dear old town,And my youth comes back to me.And a verse of a Lapland songIs haunting my memory still:"A boy's will is the wind's will,And the thoughts of youth are long, long thoughts." Questions:1.The stanza is taken from the poem______?(1%)2.The author of the poem is_____ . (1%)3.The seventh line in each Stanza of this poem contains a key word, usually averb, which sums up the feeling established in the stanza. What is the verb andwhat kind feeling that it conveys?(4%)Passage 6Thou hast an house on high erect,Framed by that mighty Architect,With glory richly furnished,Stands permanent though this be fled.It’s purchased and paid for tooBy Him who hath enough to do.Questions:1.This stanza is taken from the poem _______by_______.(2%)2.What is one’s real house according to the poet? (5%)VI. Choose TWO of the following and Comment on them. (20%)1.Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter. （10%）2.Emily Dickinson's “Because I Could not stop for Death”.（10%）3.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Self-Reliance.（10%）《美国文学》期末考试试卷B卷答案暨评分标准Ⅰ. Choose TEN of the following works and write the names of the authors. (1*10=10%)1.Benjamin Franklin2.Nathaniel Hawthorne3.Edgar Allan Poe4.Willa Cather5.Sinclair Lewis6.Tennessee Williams7.Stephen Crane8.Ernest Hemingway9.Jack London10.Eugene O’Neill11.Thomas Paine12.Washington Irving13.Henry David Thoreau14.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow15.Harriet Beecher Stowe16.Mark Twin17.Theodore Dreiser18.T.S. Eliot19.Ernest Hemingway20.F. Scott FitzgeraldⅡ. Choose FIVE of the following and fill in the blanks. (2*5=10%)1.Edgar Allan Poe2.Mark Twain3.Imagism4.The Great Gatsby5.Sinclair Lewis6.John Smith7.Ezra Pound8.Walt Whitman9.William Cullen Bryant10.Picaresque novelⅢ. Choose only one answer form the four choices as the most appropriate answer. (2*15=30%)IV. Choose TEN of the following and decide whether the statements are true or false. (1*10=10%)V. Choose THREE of the following fragments and answer the questions. (20%)Passage 11.Edgar Allan Poe (1)2.Psyche (1)3.The beauty of form. （diction，rhyme and rhythm，rhetorical devices.）The beauty of content. (3)Passage 21.Robert Frost(1)2."Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"(1)3.This poem is written in classic five-line stanzas, with the rhyme scheme a-b-a-a-b and conversational rhythm. The poem seems to be about the poet, walking in the woods in autumn, choosing which road he should follow on his walk. In reality, it concerns the important decisions which one must make in life, when one must give up one desirable thing in order to possess another. Then, whatever the outcome, one must accept the consequences of one' s choice for it is not possible to go back and have another chance to choose differently.4.In the poem, the poet hesitates for a long time, wondering which road to take, because they are both pretty. In the end, he follows the one which seems to have fewer travelers on it. Symbolically, he chose to follow an unusual, solitary life; perhaps he was speaking of his choice to become a poet rather than some commoner profession. But he always remembers the road which he might have taken, and which would have given him a different kind of life.Passage 3Walden (1)Henry David Thoreau (1)Find the answer from the passage. (5)Passage 41.The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne.(2)2.life and liberty.(2)Passage 51.My Lost Youth.(1)2.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1)3.“haunting" sums up the feeling that was begun earlier with "Often in thought "and "comes back to me" .(3)Passage 61.Upon the Burning of Our House, Anne Bradstreet.(2)2.One's real house is in heaven, built by the great architect, God. (2)VI. Choose TWO of the three passages and comment on them. (20%)1. Analyze Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter. （10%）2. Analyze Emily Dickinson's “Because I Could not stop for Death”.（10%）3. Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Self-Reliance.（10%）The score is given to the theme, (7) content (6) and writing style(7) of the work chosen.。
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Young Goodman Brown is one of the best short fictions written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1835. It tells us a story that Young Goodman Brown, a religious element, left his wife Faith and ventured deep into the forest to attend the assembly of evil in order to satisfy his curiosity. However, as an eyewitness of the congregation, both sinners and saints and including his faithful wife Faith had converted the devil, young Goodman Brown broke down and became a zombie.Owing to the closeness of short stories and the features of Hawthorne’s novels (symbolism and indirectness), only when we do deep analysis on it, the whole world of the story can be stretched out.And this paper analyses the inner meaning of some words and phrases of Young Goodman Brown from three aspects: Firstly, what’s the inner meaning of some words in this story. Secondly, why Hawthorne wrote this story, which including the satire at politics, society, racial discrimination and the introspection on Salem Witch Trials. Thirdly, how to see the good and evil.What’s the inner meaning of some words in Young Goodman Brown? Salem: ①H awthorne’s hometown.②It was where the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 happened.③It means a city of peace.④It is the latter part of Jerusalem, which shows the strong belief inChristianism of early colonistYoung: ①Goodman Brown was in a young age.②He just established his faith of God and just married with Faith.③He has the curiosity to learn about the world.Goodman:①Good man, good-hearted person.②It is a given name, which was given by families rather than born with.③Irony. Brown is not actually a good man for he cheated on his wife (myjourney is forth and back again), himself (felt himself justified inmaking more haste on his present evil purpose), the devil (theynever spoke theses matters) and also Goody Cloyse (cutthrough the woods until left her behind).Brown:①a common last name.②average person, everyman, every man.③brown is a color that generated by mixing black, red and white. Italso reflects that Brown is not totally a sinner nor a saint.④Brown is a last name passed down from generation to generationwhich cannot be changed and it also reflects that everyone has theoriginal sin.⑤Something tires somebody. It indicates the death of Brown.Faith: ①Strong religious belief in God②Loyal to love.③Purity of human nature.④Goodman’s wife and also a part of Goodman’s belief.Pink ribbons:①Faith wearing a pink ribbons shows that she was a young three-month newly bride②Pink is red and white,so it’s not pure, which reflects that Faithwas not faithful actually and she is an angel with sin.Sunrise/night: Nature cycle of day and night reflects the changes of human being .sunrise-sunset, day-night, good–evil,converts-apostates.Forest: ①The trees block out the sun, making people depressed and afraid.②Forest represent freedom and growth of youth.③The different views that the Puritanism and the transcendentalism towards nature.Fellow-traveler:①The devil who persuaded Brown to give up his belief.②It was Brown’s id according to Freud’s theory about id, ego andsuperego. Primitive desires and instincts of Brown wasmaterialized into this certain image.The staff which looks like a serpent:①devil in the shape of staff/serpent②It is a staff can display the miraculous signsand casing disaster just like Mose’s one..Why Hawthorne wrote this story?With the rapid development of science and technology and various kind of rights movement, some political and moral problems of capitalism and puri used to be hidden has come to light and it also forced us to re-examine the world and ourselves.Satire at political: Devil said that the selectmen, the majority of Great and General court, board of the province and the governors workfor his interests in the novel. It means that when politicianwork for their own interests rather than the public interests,they are the devils.Satire at social: sons murder their fathers for heritage, wives kill their husbandin order to marry lover, mothers buried the otherman’s child and the clergies molested their households.People do baldly everything as they want despite of laws andmoral to meet all their private demand.Satire at discrimination: It is apparently that Goodman Brown were greatly influenced by his father. Goodman’s father set fire to anIndian village in King Philips’s War and his son looked downupon the Indians (devilish Indians/Indian powwow). Britishsailed across the Atlantic and landed at New England in themiddle of 17century and finally settled down with the help withthe original inhabitants---the Indians. However, thedevelopment of colonists infringed the Indians’ interests andleaded to the battle for territory. The people whom thecolonists should show their gratitude to were massacred andthose returned evil for good hasn’t be punished.The introspection on Salem Witch Trials: Some details of the novel improves that it is also an introspection of Salem Witch Trials .The twowizards with broomstick in the novel, Goody Clyce and GoodyCorey, were named after the two poor hanged villagers SaraClyce and Giles Corey. The Salem Witch Trials began withthe unexplained disease of local minister’s children in 1692and ended in1693, during the year more than two hundredinnocent villagers were sent to jail and more than 20 of themwere sentenced to hang. The kind and diligent early Puritanswho immigrant to New England in order to escaping from thesuppression of heresy in England then also became the devilwho believing in the rigid Puritanism and killing the “heresy”with an appearance of angel because of the doublecharacters comes from the destruction of humannature.Hawthorne’s ancestor, William Hathorne, once usingcorporal punishment on heretic to forced her to give uporiginal belief (Goodman’ grandfather lashed a Quakerwoman)and John Hathorne was one of the judges whosentenced more than twenty innocent people to hang duringthe Salem Witch Trials!Hawthorne felt so shameful that hechanged h is last name “Hathorne” to “Hawthorne” to show hisdifference from his ancestors.How to see the good and evil?Hawthorne holds the belief that man born with sin and so do I.According to Bible, God made the first man Adam and then made the first woman Eve by one of Adam’s ribs. They were settled in the Garden of Eden and were warned that eating the apples from Tree Of Knowledge of Good and Evil is forbidden. Nevertheless, Satan changed into a serpent and persuaded Eve to eat the apple from the Forbidden Tree. As a result, Both Adam and Eve were drove out of Eden for they disobeyed the command of God and ate that apple.According to Young Goodman Brown, Goodman Brown and his wife Faith(who is also a part of Goodman as spiritual forces) were living in the city of peace (Salem). The devil with a staff which bore the likeness of a wriggle serpent (devil) lured Goodman Brown as well as Faith to the forest and join into the assembly of evil. The assembly destroyed their pure faith and neither of them can go to Heaven.Human were born with greed and ignorance, so they always do the same wrong things as their ancestors and maybe that’s what original sin is. As theoriginal sin cannot be avoided and life is not an either-or thing, we shouldfully understand what sin is andaccept the imperfect of ourselves and others, being kind rather than being right just like Faith and other villages of Salem. They are sinner in a sense, but they returned to the peaceful village from the evil forest and still knew how to love. From my personal perspective, the greatest evil is not doing evil things, but losing the ability of love and being loved, and the greatest kindness is keeping the power toward the light to fight against the evil of human nature. Goodman Brown thought that he should be the chosen one who would go to Heaven with Faith (faith) and refused admitting the existence of evil thought he knew them in fact, so the only thing he saw was the sins of other people after eyewitnessing the assembly of evil. Goodman Brown was the only one who didn’t “come back” from the forest for h e had left his mind to darkness and completely became a devil.。