软土路基外文翻译--论公路路基施工技术
试论高速公路的软土路基施工技术
试论高速公路的软土路基施工技术高速公路的软土路基施工技术是指在软土地区进行高速公路路基工程的施工技术。
由于软土地区的地基条件较差，对于高速公路的路基施工提出了更高的要求，需要采用一系列的技术手段来保证路基的稳定性和安全性。
软土地区的路基施工需要进行详细的地质勘察和土质测试，以准确了解土壤的物理和力学性质。
这样可以帮助设计师们确定合适的路基处理方案，为施工提供参考依据。
软土地区的路基施工需要采用适当的软土处理措施。
软土地区的土壤多为黏性土，其水分含量较高，易于产生液化和塌陷等问题。
在施工前需要进行土体加固处理，如加入适量的砂土和石子来改善土壤的承载能力和抗冲刷能力。
还可以采用碎石和地基加固材料进行路基基础的加固。
软土地区的路基施工需要进行合理的排水设计。
由于软土地区土壤中含有较高的水分，容易导致路基的液化和冲刷，因此需要进行合理的排水设计，包括设置护坡、排水沟、渗透井等。
合理设置路基的横向和纵向坡度，以保证路基的排水性能。
对于软土地区的路基施工，还需要进行灰砂法加固和预压法加固。
灰砂法加固是通过在路基上撒播一层细碎的石子并混入适量的水泥灰浆，使土壤与石子、水泥灰浆发生反应，形成一层坚硬的路基。
预压法加固是在路基上设置预压桩，并施加一定的预压力，从而提高土壤的密实度和承载能力。
还可以通过地下加筋技术来加固软土地区的路基。
地下加筋技术包括使用钢筋、钢板和格子楼梯等加固材料，将其埋入土体中，形成一种有机整体，提高土体的抗拉和抗剪强度。
软土地区的路基施工还需要进行细致的施工质量检查和监测。
通过对施工过程进行全程监测，及时发现和处理施工中的问题，保证施工质量和工期的控制。
软土地区的高速公路路基施工技术需要进行详细的地质调查和土质测试，采用适当的软土处理措施，合理设计排水系统，进行土体加固和地下加筋，以及进行施工质量的监测和控制。
只有综合运用这些技术手段，才能保证高速公路在软土地区的路基施工质量和安全性。
高速公路施工中的软土路基施工技术分析
1引言我国的社会经济与科学技术在快速的发展中为我国各行业带来了新的发展道路，而在公路工程的建设中则更是有大量的新型技术诞生并应用，这些技术较好地提高了施工的效率，为我国交通事业的发展提供了更好的技术支持。
就目前来看，在公路工程中，特别是高速公路的建设中很容易会遇到软土地基的情况，这就极大地影响到了工程的质量，在后续使用中造成巨大的隐患。
基于此，本文着重对高速公路施工中的软土地基施工技术进行分析，希望能够对相关人员提供参考。
2常见的几种软土地基的处理办法2.1表层排水法所谓表层排水法，实际上就是针对于软土地基公路工程中，在地表上的路基进行开挖，形成沟槽，这样就可以有效地保证地表水能够渗出，进而更好地减少在地表土壤中存在的水分，提高软土地基的密实性，从而更好地为工程施工提供稳定且有力的施工基础。
在工程中，为了能够更好地促进开挖盲沟在实际工程中的作用，施工团队应该加强回填工作，要使用具有较好透水性能的沙砾完成回填工作。
而实际的沟通布局应该加强对地形和当地土壤的勘测和分析，要确保排水过程能够更加通畅，而路基和盲沟中应该做好碎石回填工作，并且如果是采用了埋孔管则必须要加强材料管理。
2.2砂垫层法沙垫层法是目前在软土地基公路工程施工中常见的方法之一，其主要就是使用一定厚度的沙垫层来提高软土地基的排水效率。
在实际工程中，沙垫层的具体参数应该根据实际的工程情况来确定，包括软土层厚度、软土层的压缩度等多方面的参数。
沙垫层可以较好地提高沉降的速率，并有效地减少固结过程所需要的时间，同时其还可以作为路堤内的地下排水层，可以有效地降低一些重型机械在使用过程中的阻碍。
另外，在工程中，沙垫层法的使用效果较好，并且是施工过程较为方便，但是需要注意的是，其垫层必须要具有双排水的条件，也不能过于厚，其路基的高度应该小于极限高度的2倍，场地与施工现场保持较短的距离即可。
2.3强夯法强夯法是工程中最常用到的一类专门针对于软土地基施工环境的施工方法。
探讨公路工程中软土路基的施工技术
探讨公路工程中软土路基的施工技术摘要：公路最重要的组成部分就是路基，它是在一定的技术要求和路线位置的基础上形成的带状构造，需要承受来自路面的压力，因此需要有足够的稳定性、耐久性和强度。
施工中的难点之一就是软土路基施工，软土路基施工技术也是保证路基质量的关键因素，根据这些年我国公路工程及城市道路建设施工的经验，已经寻找到一些软土路基施工的有效方法，保证了公路的施工效能并延长了公路的使用寿命。
本文主要对软土路基施工技术进行简单的阐述。
关键词：公路工程；软土路基；施工技术Abstract: the most important part of highway subgrade is, it is in a certain technical requirements and route of position, formed on the basis of tectonic belt, need to take from the pressure of the pavement, thus have sufficient stability, durability and strength. Construction is one of the difficulties in the soft soil subgrade construction, soft soil subgrade construction technology is also guarantee the quality of roadbed key factors, according to our country highway engineering and urban years construction experience of road construction, have been searching for to some soft soil subgrade construction of the effective methods to ensure that the highway construction efficiency and prolong the service life of the road. This paper focuses on the soft soil subgrade construction technology for simple in this paper.Key words: the highway engineering; Soft soil subgrade; Construction technology由于路基需要足够的强度、耐久性和稳定性，土木工程及建筑工程中也经常会遇到软土地基的问题，地基中常见的软土一般就是指粘性土。
试论高速公路的软土路基施工技术
试论高速公路的软土路基施工技术高速公路是连接城市之间的重要交通枢纽，对于国家的经济发展和社会交流都具有非常重要的意义。
而路基作为高速公路的基础部分，对于保障高速公路的安全和稳定运行同样至关重要。
在软土地区进行高速公路路基施工面临着许多挑战，比如软土的强度和稳定性较差，如果不加以科学合理的施工方法，容易导致路基失稳、沉降等问题。
如何在软土地区进行高速公路路基施工技术成为了当前的研究热点之一。
软土路基施工技术的特点软土地区一般指土壤的含水量较高，土层松软，抗剪强度差，孔隙度大的地质环境。
在这样的地质环境下进行路基施工，存在以下几个方面的特点：1. 土质松软：软土地区土壤常常具有较高的含水量和较大的孔隙度，因此土质松软，抗剪强度低，容易受到外力作用而产生沉降、变形等问题。
2. 沉降严重：软土地区路基施工后会出现较大的沉降问题，这是由于土层孔隙度大、土质松软等因素导致的，如果不加以有效控制，容易导致路基沉降过大而影响行车安全。
3. 压实困难：软土地区土壤的压实困难，传统的路基施工方法可能无法有效保障路基的稳定性。
软土路基施工技术需要针对软土地区的特点，采用科学合理的方法和技术手段来解决施工中遇到的问题，保障高速公路路基的稳定性和安全性。
软土路基施工技术的方法和措施1. 地基改良技术在软土地区进行高速公路路基施工时，地基改良技术是非常重要的一环。
地基改良技术是通过物理或化学手段改善软土地区的地基条件，提高土壤的承载力和稳定性。
常用的地基改良技术有土石梁、搅拌桩、灰渣桩等，这些技术可以有效提高软土地区路基的承载能力，减少路基的沉降问题。
2. 合理的路基结构设计在软土地区进行路基施工时，需要根据软土地区的特点，设计合理的路基结构。
一般来说，软土地区的路基结构应该包括较厚的填土层、加固层等，以保证路基的稳定性和承载能力。
3. 合理的填土选择和施工方法在软土地区进行填土时，需要选择合适的填土材料，并采用合理的施工方法。
土木工程毕业外文翻译---软土路基处理方法概述
Overview of Soft Subgrade TreatmentAbstract: The reinforcement of soft soil roadbed There are many ways, several to explain the reinforcement mechanism of the role, scope, and individual project example elaboration. New reinforcement materials and new technology development and utilization of soft subgrade reinforcement played an important role to do with the simple description.When road works are often encountered in soft soil subgrade, the carrying capacity of the foundation have become increasingly demanding due to the development of highway, railway, natural soft ground is far from meeting these high-grade structures are the foundation bearing force requirements. 1980s and 1990s, due to population expansion of land resources are becoming increasingly tense, soft soil subgrade reinforcement technology has made great progress, and economic conditions have improved, a variety of soft soil reinforcement theory has been fully Application and verification of soft base reinforcement technology has made rapid progress in different areas are covered; to the 1990s, a variety of soft foundation treatment technology has been widely used in various road projects.Foundation in soft soil, usually in soft new moon or under the state of the flow of new moon of the clay. Which is characterized by the natural water content, void ratio, compressibility factor, low strength and creep, thixotropy, and other special engineering geological properties, poor engineering geological conditions. Selection of soft soil roadbed application must be put forward practical measures.Soil, such as in the construction of the base of the embankment or bridge and culvert structures, optimum moisture content is not easy to grasp, is extremely difficult to achieve the required degree of compaction can not meet the density requirements after the opening, often a roadbed instability or excessive settlement. Its obvious dangers, therefore prohibiting the use.Construction of embankment on soft ground, especially Bridge Approach, if not take effective measures for the reinforcement, it will have varying degrees of collapse slip or subsidence, resulting in road damage or is not working is known as the Bump. In general, in addition to ensure that the new subgrade Using density to reduce the settlement In addition, the total settlements of the foundations of the original ground must meet the basic stability of the settlement roughly more than 80% of the total settlement amount, to allow resurfacing. Serious settlement of soft ground, not only to increase the amount of fill, and subsidence or horizontal displacement of the bridge near the filling, retaining walls, culverts, and even the technical standards of the nearby residential, farmland, and the route will have a huge impact .To this end, according to the engineering properties of foundation soil, the selection of appropriate measures to deal with. After a long practice, the formation of roads, railways, various forms of soft ground, combined with a lot of construction companies many years of experience in construction and related experts and scholars discussed summarized as follows:A replacement cushion methodWhen the thickness of the soft soil, soft soil below the subgrade surface within part or all of the excavation, then change to fill the greater intensity of soil or other stability,non-erosive materials (usually good water permeability in coarse sand) called Replacement Cushioning. This economical and practical method to deal with the height of 2 to 3m, if the thickness of the soft soil is too large, then using the replacement method will increase the disposable side and dug side content and increase the cost of the project.Replacement higher shear strength of soil, so as to achieve the goal of enhanced foundation bearing capacity to meet the requirements of the structures on the foundation.Reinforcement Method Replacement, Stone Fill, cushion, COMPACTED silt several. Cushioning according to the different materials can be divided into the sand (gravel) cushion, gravel pads, fly ash cushion, the cushion of dry residue, soil (dust, ash) cushion. Representatives of sand cushion method and replacement method.Gravel cushion: when the embankment height is less than 2 times the limit height, soft soil layer is thin, the filling material is more difficult, or rainy season, construction, gravel (sand) cushion between the fill and the basement to set up a drainage face, so that the foundation by filling load in the foundation soil pore water discharge speed to accelerate the consolidation to improve the bearing capacity of foundations, reduce sedimentation, to prevent the foundation of local shear deformation. Pay attention to controlling the filling speed, the materials used to clean coarse sand with mud is not more than 5%, or maximum particle size less than 5cm natural gradation gravel. Replacement Method: water permeability material (gravel or crushed stone) in the soft soil thickness is not greater than 2m, filling replacement can reduce the compression to increase bearing capacity, shear strength, and reduce the settlement to improve the dynamic characteristics accelerate soil consolidation by drainage. It is characterized by the construction process is simple, but the cost is relatively high. Stone Fill: When the soft soil or marsh soil located underwater, replace the soil construction difficulties, and the thickness is less than 3m, the surface without a hard shell, the substrate water content over liquid limit, embankment above the weight of the soft soil that can be squeezed out, drainage more difficult when using cast stone tablets (diameter generally less than 30cm) to squeeze the deposition method. Start from the middle of the rubble, gradually extending to the sides, out of mud, to improve the subgrade strength.2 deep compactionThe use of blasting, compacting, extrusion and vibration and join the high shear strength of materials, etc., the foundation of deep soft soil density vibration and compaction of the foundation reinforcement method is called deep compaction. For soft soil thickness> 3m thick soft soil reinforcement, distribution of a wide area of soft Reinforcement processing, has consolidated its depth is up to 30m.Vibration, squeezing ground Turkey body dense consolidation, and added with high shear strength of the pile material replacement of part of the soft soil of thethree-phase (gas, liquid and solid phase) portion to form a composite foundation, to improve the shear strength of purpose.Main reinforcement methods: dynamic compaction, soil (or dust, fly ash plus lime) piles, sand piles, blasting, gravel pile (vibration and substitution method), lime piles,cement, fly ash gravel pile pile (CFG), the DJM France, jet grouting piles. On behalf of rubble piles, dynamic compaction, cement and fly ash gravel piles, DJM France. The dynamic compaction method can be used to hammer compaction or dynamic compaction: sand foundation and the water content in a range of soft clay foundation. Its basic principle is: the soil under the huge impact in the soil to produce a lot of pressure and shock wave, resulting in the soil of local compression, tamping points around within a certain depth to produce the fissures good drainage channel, so that the soil pore water (gas) discharged smoothly, the rapid consolidation of soil. Dynamic compaction, foundation bearing capacity can be increased 3-4 times, compression can be reduced from 200% to 1000%. Good ram is able to hit: In theory, the best tamping can function in the foundation soil pore water pressure reaches the soil weight pressure, such tamping energy known as the best tamping energy. Therefore, according to the superposition of the pore water pressure value to determine the best tamping energy. In sandy soil, the growth and dissipation of pore water pressure of only a few minutes, the pore water pressure can not be with the tamping can increase and overlay, the maximum pore water pressure increment and the number of tamping relations to determine the best tamping can. Sea highway landslide accumulation of broken mudstone deposits thickness of 4 ~ 12M from the soil samples of the soil test report shows that for low liquid limit clay containing Water 29.8 to 20.2, the cohesiveness 13.8 ~ 12.2KPA internal friction angle of 13.8 ~ 20.2.Sand compaction piles, rubble pile reinforcement method: a kind of composite foundation, thick soft soil replacement to handle the more difficult, the foundation soil is unsaturated cohesive soil or sand, sand compaction piles or broken Shizhuang reinforcement method, the foundation soil compacting bulk density increased, pores less than to prevent liquefaction of sand in the earthquake or by vibration and improve the foundation soil shear strength and the level of resistance, reducing the consolidation settlement, so that the foundation to change uniform , play replacement, compaction, drainage and to prevent the foundation to produce sliding failure, completed ahead of the settlement to reduce the differential settlement.3 drainage consolidation methodPressure on the soft ground and in line with internal drainage, accelerate the drainage of the soft ground, speed up the processing of soft soil consolidation known as drainage consolidation method. For saturated cohesive soil foundation in handling all types of mud, silt clay and red fill.Soft ground in the role of the additional load is gradually passed to the pore water, the void ratio decreases, resulting in consolidation deformation. In this process, with the gradual diffusion of excess pore water pressure in soil, soil effective stress, and settlement in advance or improve the settling velocity.Reinforcement methods: heap preloading method sand wells France, packed sand, vacuum preloading method, electro-osmosis water method, dewatering method, plastic drainage plate method.Preloading: divided into the surcharge preloading, set Preloading and less preloading, the construction process is simple, but a longer duration, surcharge preloading time isgenerally six months, usually used in conjunction with wastewater treatment foundation . New kiln South Road, Guangzhou City, road works is to use a heap load reinforcement of soft soil roadbed. New kiln South Road road works starting point for Guangzhou Avenue K4, +600, and finish at North Village K11, to +700, total length of about 7KM road along the stratigraphic architecture were as follows: the crust hard shell loose, miscellaneous fill, fill factors, and soft plastic like cultivated soil, thickness of 0.40 to 2.20; soft layers including the flow of plastic-like silt and silty soil, thickness of 1.51 ~ 9.39, along thickness variation; underlying layer of cohesive soil and sand heap preloading time from 1995 to 2003, about 7 to 8 years.Packed sand: soft soil subgrade for soft soil thickness, embankment stability, high filling, packed sand, increase the soft soil the vertical drainage capacity, shorten the horizontal direction of the drainage distance, accelerate the soft soil strength. Sand bags poured into the sand, sand wells can be used to hammering or vibration method of construction. Complexity of its construction process, the relatively high cost, used for a long time, can be rectangular or plum-shaped cloth pile. Geological Survey of the Pearl River area of a city road show that the foundation soil is more evenly distributed, surface 0m about Cultivate soil, then a 8.6m thick high water content, high compression, low-intensity, high content of viscous super-weak sludge. The third layer is thick and 1.0m shell powder sand; the fourth floor and 7.6m thick silty clay;0.5m thick clay and 3.0m thick silty sand. Down for the blow count (SPT) is greater than 19 hit pebbly coarse sand layer, and then down the soil better. The foundation soil is about 20m deep mud, up to 85.7% moisture content, vane shear strength is only 4Kpa and silt distribution depth of roughly inclined by the former direction of the rear land, the former light after the dark, in front of a relatively favorable. Roads need such a large area of very soft silt foundations for the deep processing of soft foundation to prevent the construction of soft foundation settlement is slow, cause there is still a large residual settlement after the completion of the project, at the same time not cause damage to the foundation instability due to load . This area due to improper soft foundation engineering quality or safety incidents is more common, the design Ф7cm packed sand plus sand cushion heap load Preload soft Reinforcement by playing set the sand well Second, after the consolidation of the four-story mud soil drainage, the soil strength improved, reducing the settlement after the project put into operation, to ensure the normal use of the project to meet project design requirements.Plastic Drainage Board: Drainage Principles and packed sand factory production, its quality is stable, light weight, easy transportation and storage, construction techniques are relatively simple, less investment in labor, relatively low cost, and percolation water absorption , has a certain strength and elongation, soil disturbance is small, preloading a long time, been widely used in engineering, but improve the soil's shear capacity than packed sand.软土路基处理方法概述摘要：软土路基的加固有很多种方法，本文对常用的几种方法从加以解释对其加固机理,作用,作用范围以及个别的工程实例的阐述.新型的加固材料以及新工艺的开发和利用对提高软土路基的加固技术水平所起的重要作用等做以简单的阐述.在道路工程中经常会遇到软土路基，由于高速公路、高速铁路的发展，对地基的承载能力要求越来越高，天然的软土地基远远不能满足这些高档次的构造物对地基承载力的要求。
试论高速公路的软土路基施工技术
试论高速公路的软土路基施工技术高速公路建设是我国交通基础设施建设的重要组成部分，而软土地区的路基施工技术对于保证高速公路的安全运营至关重要。
本文将就软土地区高速公路路基施工技术进行探讨。
软土地区的特点是土壤的孔隙比较大，抗剪强度低，易于发生塑性沉降和变形。
在软土路基施工过程中需要采取一系列措施来加固土壤，提高土壤的抗剪强度。
一种常用的施工技术是土壤加固技术。
该技术主要通过加固土壤的物理性质，提高土壤的抗剪强度。
常见的加固方法有加入填料，使用土工合成材料，以及改良土壤等。
加入填料是指在土壤中加入砂石等颗粒状物质，以填充土壤中的孔隙，增加土壤的密实度。
土工合成材料是一种具有高抗拉性能的材料，能够有效地增加土壤的强度和稳定性。
改良土壤是通过添加化学药剂改变土壤的组成和性质，使其具有较高的抗剪强度。
另一种施工技术是码填法。
该方法主要通过填充和加固填料来加固软土路基。
在填料的选择上，一般选择砂石或者矿渣等颗粒状材料，填充到软土中，形成一个稳定的路基层。
在填料的选择上，需要考虑填料的密实性、抗变形性和抗剪强度等性能。
还应根据软土地区的实际情况，合理选择路基的高度和宽度。
一方面，要避免过高或者过宽的路基造成资源浪费，也要考虑到土壤的承载力以及水毁等因素，合理选择路基的高度和宽度。
在施工过程中还需要做好节水措施，合理利用降水资源，并加强对路基的排水设计，以防止路基发生塑性沉降等问题。
软土地区的高速公路路基施工技术主要包括土壤加固技术和码填法。
通过加固土壤的物理性质，提高土壤的抗剪强度，通过填充和加固填料来加固软土路基。
还应合理选择路基的高度和宽度，做好节水措施和排水设计。
这些措施能够保证高速公路在软土地区的安全运营。
公路工程软土路基施工技术探讨
公路工程软土路基施工技术探讨公路工程中，软土路基的施工是一个非常重要的环节。
软土是指土质较松散、黏性较大、含水量较高的土壤，施工过程中容易出现沉陷、不均匀沉降等问题。
因此，软土路基施工技术的选择和应用对于保证道路的安全和稳定具有十分重要的意义。
本文将对软土路基施工技术进行探讨，以期提高施工质量和效率。
一、软土路基施工前的准备工作在进行软土路基施工之前，需要进行一系列的准备工作。
首先需要对软土路基进行勘察和测量，确定软土的性质和力学参数，并结合地质条件进行初步的设计。
同时，需要对施工现场进行准备，清除杂物和残渣，保持施工区域的整洁和平整。
二、软土路基的加固技术软土路基加固技术是保证道路安全和稳定的关键环节。
常用的软土路基加固技术包括以下几种：1.土石混合法土石混合法是指在软土路基中加入适量的砂石、砾石等材料，通过充填和振实的方法提高路基的承载能力。
这种方法可以有效地增加土体的密实度和强度，减小路基的沉降变形。
2.地下排水法地下排水法是通过设置排水设施，如排水管、渗水带等，将软土路基内的水分迅速排出，降低土体的含水量和黏性，提高土体的稳定性。
这种方法适用于水分含量较高的软土路基。
3.土改法土改法是指通过添加改良剂，如石灰、水泥等，改变软土的物理和化学性质，提高土体的稳定性和抗气候变化能力。
这种方法可以使软土具有较高的抗剪强度和承载能力。
三、施工现场管理和质量控制在软土路基施工过程中，施工现场的管理和质量控制是非常重要的。
需要严格按照设计要求进行施工，合理安排施工工艺和施工顺序。
同时，加强现场监督和检查，定期进行技术交流和培训，提高施工人员的技能水平和质量意识。
在施工过程中，需要进行严格的质量控制。
包括对材料的选择和检测，施工工艺的选择和优化，施工过程的监督和记录等。
同时，需要对施工过程中的问题进行及时解决，确保施工质量符合设计要求。
四、软土路基施工后的维护与管理软土路基施工完成后，还需要进行一系列的维护和管理工作。
浅谈公路施工中的软土路基处理技术
浅谈公路施工中的软土路基处理技术随着公路建设的不断扩张，软土路基处理技术被广泛应用。
软土路基是指在公路建设中，土工程专业术语中称为“软基础”的，“软”指土质松软，易于受外力变形或产生沉降的地基。
软土路基处理技术是指通过使用机械设备、化学药剂、地质勘探、数学模型等技术手段对软土路基进行加固与处理，以提升其承载力和稳定性，使其满足公路设计要求，达到安全、可靠和经济的目的。
软土路基处理技术在公路建设中占有重要地位，本文将从软土路基特点、处理技术和实例应用三个方面进行分析。
一、软土路基的特点软土路基具有以下特点：首先，软土路基的地基土层无法支撑道路设计实际承载能力的要求。
其次，软土路基土层具有强的振动性和可压缩性，施工后的路面易受到振动影响和减少了承载的地基层。
再次，软土路基的地基具有较大的液化倾向，如在地震等自然灾害时，软土地基容易失去承载能力。
最后，软土路基中含有较多水分，使其稳定性受到严重影响。
1. 压实处理：通过使用压实机械进行压实处理，有效减少软土路基所含的水分和空气含量，提升土壤的密实度，增加承载力和稳定性。
2. 增强处理：通过使用增强材料，如钢筋、硬化剂、高强度地基增强材料等，将软土路基加固，增加其抗振性和承载能力。
3. 土壤改良：包括物理改良和化学改良。
物理改良主要是利用混合物、机械振动等方法，改善软土路基的物理性质。
化学改良主要是利用化学药剂等处理养护软土路基，使其成为具有承载能力的地基。
4. 岩石垫层：在软土路基上加一层岩石垫层，可以有效地防止软土路基的地基下沉和变形。
5. 桩基处理：在软土路基中安装桩基，可以有效对地基进行加固处理，提升其承载能力和稳定性。
三、实例应用1. 珠海市拱北立交道路软土路基处理。
该项目使用了压实处理，改变了软土路基的物理结构，增加了承载能力和稳定性。
综上所述，软土路基处理技术在公路建设中占有重要地位。
软土路基处理技术主要包括压实处理、增强处理、土壤改良、岩石垫层、桩基处理等。
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论公路路基施工技术1引言公路路基施工是整个公路施工工程的关键所在，稍有偏差，将给整个工程埋下质量隐患。
例如，在公路施工中常会遇到诸如软土路基，黄土路基等不良路基，如不加以特别处理，会引起填方路堤施工后沉降或不均匀沉陷，路面纵横坡变碎，平整度下降，导致行车颠簸等，严重影响公路的正常使用，造成大量的人力、物力、财力浪费。
因此，路基施工应根据施工当地地形、地质状况、公路等级、所在地区的气候、结合施工填挖方平衡等来选择施工方法。
2路基填压公路路基的强度和稳定性很大程度取决于路基填料的性质及其压实的程度。
从现有条件出发，改进填土要求和压实条件是保证路基质量经济有效的方法。
2.1路基填料现行《公路路基设计规范》（以下简称规范）规定了对路基填料的要求。
对路基填料的最小强度和最大粒径给了量化的标准，采用承载比实验（CBR）值表征路基土的强度，引入了路床的概念。
对上路床的填料提出了限制条件，高速公路和一级公路路面底以下0cm-30cm的路床填料，其CBR值应大于8，对下路床及下面的填土也给出相应的规定值。
2.2路基压实当前路基施工，普遍采用了大吨位的压路机，碾压效果有了明显的改善。
对于提高路基土的压实度起了很好的作用。
规范规定高速公路和一级公路路面底面以下80cm－150cm部分的上路堤其压实度必须≥95％，对其它等级公路当铺筑高级路面时，其压实度亦应按高速公路和一级公路的标准采用。
此外，还增加了对路堤基底的压实度不宜小于93％的规定。
随着我国高速公路的飞速发展，路基施工技术也取得了相当大的进步，对于特殊路基的处理技术也日渐成熟和完善。
（1）过湿地区路基的填压。
过湿土地基的填筑比较简单，一般采用填砂砾垫层和加铺土工格栅的方法，该方法简单易行，处理效果较好。
但路基的压实是相当困难的，规范对此作出了若干调整：一是压实度标准可根据试验资料确定或较表列数值降低2—3个百分点；二是对于天然稠度小于1.1，液限大于40，塑性指数大于18的粘质土，用于下路床及下路堤填料时，可采用规定的轻型压实标准；三是改善填料的性质，在土中掺加生石灰，通常可以获得预期的效果，也可采用新型吸水材料加固。
（2）黄土路基的压实。
与其他公路路基黏性土相比，黄土尤其易受水的侵害，是一种特殊的黏性土。
常将黄土路基划分为两类：非湿陷性黄土和湿陷性黄土。
其中，湿陷性黄土主要分布在我国中西部地区，其作为路堤填筑材料时，由于水浸湿后，本身结构被迅速破坏，应有强度减小，若施工不当则会发生很大的下沉量，引起路基失稳，特别是高路堤地段的填筑更是会引发一系列的工程病害。
因此，黄土路基的压实也应根据实际情况的不同合理选择。
①冲击压实：冲击压实处理地基的原理是用一定的冲击能量使土体里的水分扩散固结并挤密压实土体而达到加固土体的目的。
冲击压实技术只适合于浅层湿陷性及湿软性黄土地基的处理，且其有效影响深度一般不超过80cm，冲压遍数以30遍左右为宜。
在冲压施工的过程中应注意：保持最佳含水量；受冲击压实机的机型限制，被冲压的路基长度一般不应小于120m，宽度不宜小于15m；每一层冲压前，应先沿路基边沿冲压5遍左右，以减少在冲压过程中冲击能对路基的侧向挤压作用；用冲击压实机进行路堤边沿压实时速度应稍慢，否则，可能引起车身滑出路堤；冲压时应注意轮迹的连续性，特别是调头处，不要预留空白带而影响压实效果。
②强夯施工：又称动力固结法，是用起重机械将8t～40t夯锤起吊到6m～25m 高度后，自由落下，给地基以强大的冲击能量的夯击，使土中出现冲击波和冲击应力，迫使土体孔隙压缩，土体局部液化，在夯击点周围产生裂隙，形成良好的排水通道，孔隙水和气体逸出，使土粒重新排列，经时效压密达到固结，从而提高地基承载力，降低其压缩性的一种有效地基加固方法。
3路基排水水是影响路基强度和稳定性的一个重要因素，水的侵蚀会造成许多路基病害的。
同时，从环境保护和不损害当地农田水利设施考虑，必须做好路基排水，形成排水系统，并与地区排水规划相协调，防止因各种原因造成的水患，给路基、路面施工造成不必要的损失。
公路排水主要包括两个方面：一是地下排水，即减少地下水、农田排灌水对路基稳定性及其强度的影响；二是路表排水，除将路面、地面的水迅速排出之外，应最大限度地减少雨水对路基、路面质量的影响，减少因路表水排水不畅或路表水下渗对路基、路面结构和使用性能产生的损害。
地下水排水设计可以采用适当提高路基最小填土高度或在路基底部设置隔水垫层等办法。
在施工前开挖临时排水边沟，排除施工期地表水并降低地下水，同时在路基底部掺加低剂量石灰处理，设置40cm厚的稳定层等，可起到较好的效果。
路表排水设计，一是可以通过路面横坡、边沟、边沟急流槽等将路表水迅速排出路基以外。
二是设计中央分隔带纵向碎石盲沟、软式透水管及横向排水管将施工期进入中央分隔带的雨水及运营期中央分隔带的下渗水迅速排出路基之外。
三是设计泄水孔以迅速排除桥面水。
四是采用沥青封层、土路肩纵横向碎石盲沟或排水管将渗入路面面层的水引出路基之外。
路面渗水的排水设计，沿路面边缘设置由透水性填料集水沟、横向出水管和过滤织物组成的路面边缘排水系统，通过设置沥青封层、土路肩纵横向碎石盲沟和排水管，将渗入路面面层的水引出路基之外。
由于通过沥青面层下渗的水量有限，设计中应在每10m左右设置一道Ф5cm 横向排水管以确保路面下渗水的排除。
4路基防护路基防护主要有三个方面。
（1）坡面防护。
坡面防护的目的是防止地表水流的冲刷、坡面岩土的风化剥落以及与环境的协调。
通常措施是采用石砌圬工防护，混凝土预制块护坡多用在路堤边坡，连片的及带窗孔的护面墙，用于路堑边坡。
但由于石砌圬工及混凝土防护存在造价高、易破损等诸多问题。
现在，种草防护技术应用较为广泛，边坡较高则采用砌石框格种草防护，起到改善生态环境、美化景观和坡面防护的三重效果。
石砌圬工防护的使用仍较普遍，混凝土预制块护坡多用在路堤边坡，连片的及带窗孔的护面墙用于路堑边坡。
破裂的或易于风化破碎的岩石路堑边坡采用锚杆挂铁丝网或高强塑料网格喷浆或喷射混凝土以及喷射纤维混凝土防护也有较好的效果。
但考虑到石砌圬工及混凝土防护造价高、易破损等诸多问题，从环境保护的角度出发，建议大力推广既能改善生态环境又美化景观的种草防护技术。
（2）冲刷防护。
传统的方法是用砌石、抛石、铁丝石笼和挡土墙防护，改进后可以用高强土工格栅代替铁丝做石笼，用聚脂或聚胺脂类土工织物混凝土护坡模袋做成的护面板防护受水冲击的边坡，很能适应土体不均匀沉降。
（3）支挡防护。
挡土墙用于支挡防护目前仍占主要。
①石砌的重力式挡土墙多用于石料丰富、墙高较低、地基较好的场合；②钢筋混结构的悬臂式挡土墙、扶壁式挡土墙和板柱挡土墙其受力比较合理，墙身圬工体积小，也已广泛应用于公路路基的防护；③垛式挡土墙易于调整墙的高度，并采用预制构件拼装，是一种特殊形式的挡土墙。
On the road subgrade construction technology1 IntroductionRoadbed construction is the key to the highway construction project, the slightest error will lay the whole project quality risks. For example, the Central Standing Committee met in the highway construction such as soft soil roadbed, roadbed and other bad loess roadbed, if not special treatment, would lead to construction of the embankment fill or uneven settlement after settlement, the road becomes broken vertical and horizontal slope, roughness decreased, resulting in road bumps, etc., seriously affect the normal use of the highway, causing a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to waste. Therefore, construction of embankment construction should be based on local topography, geology, road grade, where the region's climate, combined with the construction of such fill and cut Fang Pingheng to select the construction method.2 roadbed fill pressureRoad subgrade strength and subgrade stability largely depends on the nature and degree of compaction. Starting from the existing conditions, requirements and compacted fill to improve conditions is to ensure the quality and cost-effective way to subgrade.2.1 subgradeThe existing "roadbed design specification" (hereinafter referred to as norms) provides for the embankment fill requirements. The minimum strength of the subgrade and the maximum size for a quantitative standard, using Bearing Ratio test (CBR) value of the strength of the subgrade soil characterization, the introduction of the concept of the road bed. Of fill material for road beds proposed restrictions, highway and a road surface at the end of the following 0cm-30cm road bed fill, the CBR value should be greater than 8, the next road on the bed and fill the following provisions also give the corresponding value.2.2 Subgrade compactionThe current roadbed construction, generally with a large tonnage of rollers, rolling effect has been significantly improved. For improving the degree of compaction of subgrade soil played a positive role. Specification of the underside of the highway and a road surface the following 80cm -150cm part of the road embankment compaction degree must ≥ 95%, when the paved road to the other senior level surface,its degree of compaction should also highway and a class road from the criterion used. In addition, it increased the degree of compaction of the embankment base of not less than 93% of the requirement. With the rapid development of highway roadbed construction technology has also made considerable progress, for special subgrade treatment technology has become mature and improve.(1) wet areas embankment filling pressure. Through wet soil filling the foundation is relatively simple, commonly used to fill gravel cushion and processing shop geogrid method is simple, the treatment effect is better. However, compaction of subgrade is very difficult to regulate a number of adjustments to this: First, the standard compaction test data can be determined according to or lower than the tabulated value of 2-3 percentage points; the second is for the natural consistency of less than 1.1, liquid limit greater than 40, plasticity index greater than 18 of the clayey soil, for the next road-bed and under the embankment, the light can be specified compaction standards; third is to improve the nature of filler, mixed with lime in the soil, can usually get the desired results, but also a new absorbent material can be reinforced.(2) loess subgrade compaction. And compared to other road subgrade clay, loess are particularly vulnerable to violations of water, is a special kind of clay. Loess roadbed will often be divided into two categories: non-loess and loess. Among them, the loess mainly in central and western regions, as embankment material, due to water soaked, their structure is rapidly destroyed, should reduce the intensity, improper construction will occur if large subsidence, causing embankment instability, especially high embankment filling the lot is a series of projects will lead to disease. Therefore, the loess subgrade compaction should be reasonable based on the actual situation of the different options.①impact compaction: impact compaction process is the foundation of the principle that a certain impact energy of water diffusion in soil consolidation and compaction of soil compaction to achieve the purpose of soil reinforcement. Impact compaction technique is only suitable for shallow and marshy nature of collapsible loess foundation treatment, and its effective impact on the depth of not more than 80cm, punch a few times to 30 times or so. In the stamping process of construction should be noted: to maintain the optimum moisture content; by impact compactor models limit the length of the embankment by the general press of not less than 120m, width of not less than 15m; before pressing each layer should be punching along the edge of the first five times around the base to reduce the impact energy in the process of stampingthe lateral compression of the embankment; with the impact of edge of embankment compaction pressure of real-time machine speed should be slower, or may cause the body slid off the embankment; Stamping should pay attention to the continuity of the tracks, especially at the U-turn, do not affect the reserved space with the compaction effect.② dynamic compaction of construction: also known as dynamic consolidation method is used to 8t ~ 40t crane lifting hammer to 6m ~ 25m height, free fall, to the foundation with a strong impact energy of tamping, so that shock waves appear in the soil and the impact of stress, forcing compressed soil porosity, soil partial liquefaction, resulting in tamping points around the crack, forming a good drainage channel, pore water and gas escape, so that soil particles rearrange, compaction achieved by the time of consolidation, which improve the bearing capacity, reduce the compression of an effective foundation reinforcement methods.3 subgrade drainageSubgrade strength and influence of water is an important factor in stability, water erosion can cause many diseases of the roadbed. Meanwhile, from the local environmental protection and water conservancy facilities, without prejudice to consideration, must be prepared subgrade drainage, the formation of drainage systems, and coordination with regional drainage plan to prevent flooding due to various causes, to the embankment, causing unnecessary road construction the loss.Highway drainage include two aspects: First, underground drainage, a reduction of groundwater, farmland irrigation discharge stability and strength of the impact of the roadbed; second road surface drainage, in addition to the road, the rapid discharge of ground water outside, should be the maximum limits to reduce water on the roadbed, road surface quality, reducing water drainage due to poor road surface or road surface water infiltration on the roadbed, pavement structure and the use of performance damage.Groundwater drainage design appropriate to improve the subgrade or embankment fill height minimum set impermeable bottom cushion and other methods. In the pre-construction excavation temporary drainage ditches, excluding the construction period and reduce the groundwater surface water, while the bottom of the embankment lime mixed with low-dose treatment, setting 40cm thick stable layer, can play a good effect. Road surface drainage design, one can cross the road slope, Ditch, Ditch jet slot so the road surface water quickly discharged outside the embankment. Second, the design of the median longitudinal gravel blind ditch, softwater pipe and lateral drains into the median of the construction period and operation period of rain in the median of the rapid discharge of water seepage under the embankment beyond. Third, the design of the deck scuppers to quickly rule out the water. Fourth, the use of asphalt sealing layer of soil to the gravel shoulder vertical and horizontal blind ditch or drain to infiltration of water leads to the road surface outside the embankment. Seepage of surface drainage design, set up by the water permeability along the side edge of the filling gullies, horizontal outlet pipe and filter fabric composed of the edge of the road drainage system, by setting the seal layer of asphalt, stone blind to the vertical and horizontal soil shoulder and drainage ditch , the infiltration of water leads to the road surface outside the embankment. As the infiltration through the asphalt surface layer of water is limited, the design should be in every 10m or so to set a Ф5cm horizontal drains to ensure that the road surface seepage exclusion.4 embankment protectionThere are three main protective embankment.(1) slope protection. Slope protection to prevent surface water erosion, peeling and weathering of rock slope and environmental coordination. Usually measures is the use of stone masonry protection, precast concrete block is used in embankment slope protection, and the contiguous retaining wall with apertures for cutting slope.However, stone masonry and concrete protection there is high cost, easily damaged, and many other issues. Now, grass protection technology is widely used, the higher slope grass is used masonry sash protection, play to improve the ecological environment, landscaping and slope protection of the triple effect. The use of stone masonry protection are still quite common, many precast concrete blocks used in the embankment slope, contiguous, and the retaining wall with apertures for cutting slope. Easily broken or weathered broken rock cutting slope using high-strength bolt hanging wire or plastic mesh and shotcrete or sprayed concrete, sprayed fiber reinforced concrete and has a good protective effect.However, considering the stone masonry and concrete protection, high cost, easily damaged, and many other issues, from environmental point of view, it is recommended to promote not only improve the ecological environment and beautify the landscape and grass protection technology.(2) scour protection. The traditional method is to use masonry, riprap, and wire gabion retaining wall protection, improved high-strength geogrid can do instead of stone cage wire with polyester or polyurethane type geotextile bags made of concrete slope protection mode water-retaining panel by the impact of slope protection, it is ableto adapt to uneven soil settlement.(3) retaining protection. Protection for retaining walls which still accounts for the major. ①the gravity retaining wall stone used for stone-rich, high-low walls, foundation a better occasion; ② reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall structure, wall bulkhead and retaining the slab-column by reasonable force, small masonry walls, has also been widely used in highway embankment protection; ③ pile retaining wall is easy to adjust the height of the wall, and the use of prefabricated assembly, is a special form of retaining walls.。