专业英语试卷-生物制药.doc
药学专业英语试卷
2011 至 2012 学年第 2 学期药学专业英语 试卷 A 卷出卷教师： 适应班级：国生物F0903班~F0906班考试方式：闭卷 本试卷考试分数占学生总评成绩的 80 %复查总分 总复查人一、将下列英单词或词组翻译成汉语（本题20 分，每小题0.5分）1、conception2、physiology3、untoward effect4、ingestion5、hazardous6、antagonist7、hypertension8、epinephrine9、first-pass effect10、high performance liquid chromatography 11、infrared spectroscopy 12、equilibrium constant 13、resolution 14、metabolite 15、lipophilic ity16、nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 17、drug delivery 18、eukaryote 19、smallpox 20、mitochondria《药学专业英语》试卷 第 1 页 （ 共 6 页 ）21、lipophilic compound 22、Good Laboratory Practice 23、embryo24、median lethal dose 25、deterioration 26、donor 27、feedback 28、second message 29、tumor30、mammalian 31、catalyst 32、oxide 33、affinity 34、solvent35、pharmacokinetics 36、dosage 37、titration38、process analytical technologies 39、absolute bioavailability二、将下列词语翻译成英语单词或词组（本题20分，每空0.5分）1、细菌2、碳水化合物3、血压4、消化5、炎症6、关节炎7、研究与开发8、标准偏差9、吸收 10、受体《药学专业英语》试卷 第 2 页 （ 共 6 页 ）学院名称 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃密 ┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃封 ┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃线┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃11、药物化学 12、构效关系 13、保质期 14、药理学 15、免疫学 16、药效学17、排泄物，分泌物excretion/feces 18、水解（作用） 19、生物转化 20、成瘾性 21、阻断药 22、急性反应 23、效应 24、扩散 25、气-固色谱法 26、机制 27、发酵 28、标准溶液 29、中医学 30、临床试验 31、血浆 32、固态 33、研究生课程 34、胶囊 35、染色体 36、酶 37、抑制剂 38、碱基 39、核糖体 40、口服液三、将下列英文文章翻译成汉语（本题30分）Separation TechniquesNearly all the samples presented to the pharmaceutical analyst are mixtures ，sometimes very complex ones. The determination of the amount of each isolated component is usually a simple《药学专业英语》试卷 第 3 页 （ 共 6 页 ）matter. The analysis of these same components in each other’s presence may ，however ，be difficult or even impossible because of interference by one substance in the assay of another. Interference can take several forms. The interfering substance can respond quantitatively to the analytical method for the desired component. An example is the interference caused by acetic acid in the assay of hydrochloric acid by titration with alkali. This is not an entirety hopeless situation ，for the analysis will at least yield the sum of the amounts of the desired component and the interfering component. Another common example is the interference observed in absorption spectroscopy when two solutes have overlapping absorption bands. Sometimes the interference is a partial, nonquantitative response to the assay. For example ，the nonaqueous titration of weakly acidic drugs in tablets containing stearic acid may be unsuccessful because of consumption of titrant by the stearie acid; this is not a reproducible effect ，probably because of incomplete dissolution of stearic acid in the titration medium. It is very difficult to compensate for interferences of this type. Another commonly encountered form of interference is an impairment of the analytical method for the desired component ，leading to nonquantitative results even for this component. A trace of copper in a sample of magnesium can vitiate a visual complexometric titration of the magnesium by poisoning the indicator. Another instance is the quenching of quinine fluorescence by hydrochloric acid.When an analytical method cannot be applied directly to a mixture because of possible interference ，a separation of the mixture into its components may be necessary.《药学专业英语》试卷 第 4 页 （ 共 6 页 ）学院名称 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃密 ┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃封┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃线┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃四、将下面两段文章翻译成英语（本题20分，每题10分）1、制药行业的从业者从事的是药品销售和买卖，以及药品的研究与开发。
生物制药工程专业英语
As time passed ,the art of the apothecary became combined with priestly functions , and among the early civilizations the priest-magician or priest-physician became the healer of the body as well as of the soul . Pharmacy and medicine are indistinguishable in their early history , since their practice was generally the function of the tribal religious leaders.随着随着时间的推移,药剂师的制造工艺以及结合祭司的功能,以及早期文明的药剂魔法或魔术师成为身体以及灵魂的治疗。
制药和医学在早期历史上是没有区别的,因为他们的做法通常是部落宗教领袖的功能。
civilizations n. 文明indistinguishable adj. 不能区别的，不能辨别的；不易察觉的Early Drugs 早期的药品Due to the patience and intellect of the archeologist ,the types andthe specific drugs employed in the early history of drug therapy are not asindefinable as one might suspect .Numerous ancient tables ,scrolls,andother relics dating as far back as 3000 B.C.have been uncovered anddeciphered by archeologic scholars to the delight of historians of bothmedicine and pharmacy ,for contained in these ancient documents arespecific associations with our common heritage.由于考古学家的耐心和智慧,早期使用的类型和特定的药物药物治疗的历史不像人们所怀疑的那样不确定，无数古老的表、卷轴和其他文物约在公元前3000年被发现和被考古学家破译，令人高兴的是在这些远古的文献中的历史学家医学和制药包含特定的药物是我们的共同遗产。
生物专业英语试题及答案
生物专业英语试题及答案一、词汇题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个单词表示“细胞分裂”？A. Cell divisionB. Cell fusionC. Cell differentiationD. Cell metabolism答案：A2. “基因”在英文中的正确表达是？A. GeneB. GenusC. GenotypeD. Genomics答案：A3. 哪个术语与“光合作用”相关？A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. FermentationD. Anaerobic respiration答案：A4. “遗传工程”的英文表达是什么？A. Genetic engineeringB. Genetic mutationC. Genetic selectionD. Genetic variation答案：A5. “酶”的英文单词是？A. EnzymeB. HormoneC. ProteinD. Lipid答案：A6. “生态系统”在英文中如何表达？A. EcosystemB. BiosystemC. EcosystemsD. Biosphere答案：A7. “进化”的英文对应词是？A. EvolutionB. DevolutionC. InvolutionD. Revolution答案：A8. “克隆”在生物学中的英文术语是什么？A. CloningB. CopyingC. DuplicationD. Replication答案：A9. “物种”的英文单词是？A. SpeciesB. GenusC. VarietyD. Type答案：A10. “微生物”的英文表达是？A. MicroorganismB. MacroorganismC. OrganismD. Microbe答案：A二、阅读理解题（每题5分，共30分）阅读以下段落，并回答问题。
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms and bioprocesses to develop or make products. It involves the use of organisms, cells, and cellular components to research and produce goods and services. Modern biotechnology provides breakthrough products and technologies to combat debilitating and rarediseases, reduce our environmental footprint, feed the hungry, use less and cleaner energy, and have safer, cleaner and more efficient industrial manufacturing processes.11. 根据段落，生物技术涉及哪些方面？A. 使用生物和生物过程开发产品B. 仅使用生物过程C. 仅使用生物D. 使用生物和非生物过程答案：A12. 现代生物技术提供了哪些突破性的产品和技术？A. 治疗罕见疾病B. 减少环境影响C. 提供食物D. 所有上述选项答案：D13. 根据段落，生物技术如何帮助环境？A. 减少环境足迹B. 增加污染C. 加剧气候变化D. 消耗更多资源答案：A14. 生物技术如何帮助解决饥饿问题？A. 提供更少的食物B. 提供更多的食物C. 提高食物价格D. 降低食物质量答案：B15. 生物技术在工业制造中的作用是什么？A. 提高效率B. 降低安全性C. 增加污染D. 减少清洁度答案：A三、完形填空题（每题3分，共15分）阅读以下短文，从所给选项中选择最合适的一项填入空白处。
生物医学英语试题及答案
生物医学英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the most common type of cancer in the world?A. Lung cancerB. Breast cancerC. Prostate cancerD. Colorectal cancer答案：A2. The term "pathogen" refers to:A. A substance that causes diseaseB. A person who has a diseaseC. An organism that causes diseaseD. A symptom of a disease答案：C3. What is the primary function of red blood cells?A. To carry oxygenB. To fight infectionsC. To clot bloodD. To regulate body temperature答案：A4. The nervous system is divided into two main parts: thecentral nervous system and the:A. Peripheral nervous systemB. Autonomic nervous systemC. Sympathetic nervous systemD. Parasympathetic nervous system答案：A5. Which of the following is a characteristic of a viral infection?A. Presence of bacteria in the bloodB. Inflammation of the heartC. Infection by a virusD. Infection by a fungus答案：C6. The hormone responsible for the regulation of blood sugar levels is:A. InsulinB. Thyroid hormoneC. CortisolD. Adrenaline答案：A7. What is the term for the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment?A. HomeostasisB. MetabolismC. Circadian rhythmD. Immunity答案：A8. The largest organ in the human body is:A. The brainB. The liverC. The skinD. The heart答案：C9. Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?A. Muscle tissueB. Nervous tissueC. Epithelial tissueD. Cartilage答案：D10. The process of cell division that results in two identical cells is called:A. MitosisB. MeiosisC. ApoptosisD. Cytokinesis答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. The study of the structure of organisms is called__________.答案：anatomy2. The process by which cells extract energy from nutrients is known as __________.答案：metabolism3. The basic unit of heredity is the __________.答案：gene4. The medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the heart and blood vessels is called __________.答案：cardiology5. The hormone that stimulates the growth and development of bones and muscles is __________.答案：growth hormone6. The study of the causes and effects of diseases is called __________.答案：pathology7. The body's response to injury or infection is known as__________.答案：inflammation8. The process by which the body gets rid of waste products is called __________.答案：excretion9. The largest gland in the human body is the __________.答案：liver10. The study of the nervous system is called __________.答案：neurology三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the role of the immune system in defending the body against infections.答案：The immune system plays a crucial role in defending the body against infections by recognizing and eliminating harmful pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and otherforeign substances. It consists of various cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body. When a pathogen enters the body, the immune system responds by activating white blood cells and producing antibodies that target and neutralize the invaders. This response helps to prevent the spread of infection and promotes healing and recovery.2. Describe the process of respiration in humans.答案：Respiration in humans is a process that involves the exchange of gases, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment. It consists of two main stages: inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, air containing oxygen is drawn into the lungs through the nose or mouth, then travels down the trachea and into the bronchi, which branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of gases occurs. Oxygen from the air diffuses across the thin walls of the alveoli into the bloodstream, where itbinds to hemoglobin in red blood cells. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, diffuses from the blood into the alveoli. During exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and forcing the carbon dioxide-rich air out of the lungs. This cycle of inhal。
生物制药专业英语试卷
2011 至2012 学年第 2 学期药学专业英语试卷A卷出卷教师：适应班级：国生物F0904班~F0906班考试方式：闭卷本试卷考试分数占学生总评成绩的80 %复查总分总复查人一、英译汉（本题20 分，每小题0.5分）abnormality ---- genetical ----homeostasis ---- physiology ----globulins ---- thrombus ----acute inflammation ---- mammalian ----benign ---- catalyst -----indicator ---- receptor ----dysfunction ---- immunology ----pharmacology ---- thyroxine ----elimination ---- mollify ----feces ---- local anesthetic ----kanamycin ---- noradrenaline ----untoward reaction ---- volatility ----mechanism ---- sensitivity ----boiling point ---- density ----《药学专业英语》试卷第 1 页（共 6 页）plasma ---- ionization ----distribution coefficient ---- drug metabolism ---target site ---- insulin ----fibrosis ---- essence----deoxyribose ---- pneumococci ----transformation ---- connotation ----二、汉译英（本题20分，每空0.5分）腺瘤动脉粥样硬化癌病原学胃炎吸收氨基酸密度乳糖药物化学镇痛药阻断药效能麻黄碱地高辛缓冲液滴定微量混合的活化烧杯离解反离子精密度血清外消旋的粉剂稀释剂《药学专业英语》试卷第 2 页（共 6 页）学院名称专业班级姓名：学号：密封线内不要答题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃密┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃封┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃线┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃角蛋白 丝心蛋白 探针 血友病 腺嘌呤 突变，变异 核糖 酶原胚胎 药物释放 上皮的 咖啡因三、文章翻译（本题25分）Biochemistry and Human BiologyFirst, biochemistry is an intrinsically beautiful and fascinating body of knowledge. We now know the essence and many the details of the most fundamental processes in biochemistry, such as how a single molecule of DNA replicates to generate two identical copies of itself and how the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule determines the sequence of amino acids in an encoded protein. Our ability to describe these processes in detailed, mechanistic terms places a firm chemical foundation under other biological sciences. Moreover, the realization that we can understand essential life processes, such as the transmission of hereditary information, as chemical structures and their reactions has significant philosophical implications. What does it mean,bilchemically, to be human? What are the biochemical differences between a human being, a chimpanzee, a mouse, and a fruit fly? Are we more similar than we are different?Second, biochemistry is greatly influencing medicine and other fields. The molecular lesions causing sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and many other genetic diseases have been elucidated at the biochemical level. Some of the molecular events that contribute to cancer development have been identified. An understanding of the underlying defects opens the door to the discovery of effective therapies. Biochemistry makes possible the rational design of new drugs, including specific inhibitors of enzymes required for the replication of viruses such as《药学专业英语》试卷 第 3 页 （ 共 6 页 ）used as “factories ” to produce valuable proteins such as insulin and stimulators of blood-cell development. Biochemistry is also contributing richly to clinical diagnostics. For example, elevated levels of telltale enzymes in the blood reveal whether a patient has recently had a myocardial infarction(heart attack). DNA probes are coming into play in the precise diagnosis of inherited disorders, infectious diseases, and cancers. Agriculture, too, is benefiting from advances in biochemistry with the development of more effective, environmentally safer herbicides and pesticides and the creation of genetically engineered plants that are, for example, more resistant to insects. All of these endeavors are being accelerated by the advances in genomic sequencing.四、把下面段落译为英文（本题25分）《药学专业英语》试卷 第 4 页 （ 共 6 页 ）学院名 专业班级： 姓名 学号密 封 线 内 不 要 答 题┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 密┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 封┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃ 线┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃┃到现在为止，蛋白质最大的分类就是酶类。
生物制药专业英语
6、The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumption on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. 物理学家不敢做精确的论证，因为一个只有当它是精确 的时候才令人信服的论证，如果作为它的基础的假设发生 了一点点变化，就失去了其全部的说服力；而一个尽管不 很精确但是令人信服的论证，当作为它的基础的假设稍有 波动时，仍有可能是稳定的。
heterogeneous nuclear RNA.
真核生物细胞中蛋白质的合成与原核生物中的区别在 于真核生物染色体的初级转录本并不是mRNA，而是一 个高分子量的不均一核RNA。
11、The Kjedahl method is less general than of Duma’s, but it is useful for the rapid analysis of specific groups of low nitrogen content, for example protein.
mRNA被传送出细胞核到达细胞质，然后被一种我
们称之为核糖体的细胞器翻译成它所编码的蛋白质,该 细胞器把氨基酸以mRNA分子中碱基的序列所规定的 次序串联在一起。
生物制药专业英语 天津农学院 期末考试翻译范围及答案
Among many early races在很多早期历史中，疾病被认为是恶魔或邪灵进入体内而引起的。
治疗方法相当自然，包括使身体摆脱超自然侵入者。
从历史的最早记录中得出证据，治疗这些疾病的主要方法是通过使用宗教咒语，使用有害物质和特殊中药或植物的使用。
在早期的种族之间，疾病被认为是由恶魔的入侵或者罪恶的灵魂进入体内所引起的。
治疗自然的包括驱除体内的超自然入侵者。
从最早的历史记录开始被证实治疗疾病的主要途径是通过宗教咒语的使用，有害物质的使用和特殊中药或植物的给药。
Before the days of the priestraft在剂师出现之前，那些通过经验或通过口传的关于植物的治愈知识已经被部落的聪明的男人或女人收集起来，他们被召唤来照料那些生病的或受伤的人，并且准备治疗。
这就是在药物的制备中药剂师的技能起源了。
在药剂师出现之前，部落里聪明的人，他们懂得关于植物的治疗特性的知识，这些知识是通过经验或是口口相传下来而收集的。
他们被召集去处理生病或受伤的人并准备治疗法。
在药用材料的准备过程中药剂师这一行业就诞生了。
As time passed随着时间推移，药剂师的角色开始与祭司的功能相结合，并且在早期的文明中术士或医生开始成为身体的治疗者也是灵魂的治疗者。
在他们早期的历史中制药和药物是不能辨别的，因为他们的实践大体是部落宗教领导者的职责。
随着时间推移，药剂师的角色开始与祭司的功能相结合，并且在早期的文明中术士或医生开始成为身体的治疗者也是灵魂的治疗者。
在他们早期的历史中制药和药物是不能辨别的，因为他们的实践大体是部落宗教领导者的职责。
Due to thepatience and由于考古学家的耐心和理解，药物的类别和特殊药物的使用在药物治疗的早期历史中被运用不像猜想中那样难确定。
许多追溯到公元前3000年的古代石碑，卷轴和其他遗物已经被发现和被考古学者解读，这点亮了医药学的历史。
在这些古代文件中与我们传统有特殊的联系。
生物制药专业英语
生物制药专业英语English:Biopharmaceuticals, also known as biologic drugs, are medicinal products derived from living organisms or their components. These drugs are produced through biotechnological processes involving genetic manipulation, recombinant DNA technology, and cell culture techniques. Biopharmaceuticals encompass a wide range of products, including therapeutic proteins, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and gene therapies. Due to their complex nature and manufacturing process, biopharmaceuticals often require stringent regulation and specialized facilities for production. The development of biopharmaceuticals involves multiple stages, including discovery, preclinical research, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and commercialization. These drugs have revolutionized the treatment of various diseases, offering targeted therapies with high efficacy and reduced side effects compared to traditional pharmaceuticals.中文翻译:生物制药品，又称生物制剂，是从活体生物或其组成部分衍生出来的药品。
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(1) agrochemical 农业化学的(2) cytotoxic 细胞毒素的pharmacognosy(6) fluidisation 流态化 (7) periplasmic 原生质外的cardiovascular牛药学 心血管的(4) toxicological(9) hepatic 毒理学的肝脏的 (5) bead (10) adaptability珠子，水珠 适应性二、Translate the following terms intoEnglish (1)浓度(6)杂质生物与制药工程专业英语期末考试学院: ____________________ 姓名: _______________________ 班级: _____________________ 学号: _______________________ 题序—- 二 三 四 五 六 七 总分一、Translate the following terms into Chineseimpurity(7) 成分与性状discrip tioii(8) 药理作用 phamacological actions(9) 气相色谱 gas chromatography(10) 离子色谱ion chromatographconcentrotion(2) 中性neutrali ty (3) 极易溶解very soluble (4) 定量分析quantitative analysis (5) 等当点equivalent point 三、Word Building (答够十个得满分)antiantibioticantibiotic 抗生素；抗菌的 ant 讦oam 消泡齐U antitussive 止咳药antihistaminic 抗组胺 剂 antineoplastic 抗月中瘤的 antidepressant 抗扌卬郁剂 antianginal 抗心绞痛 antibodv 抗体 an ticoagula nt 抗凝血齐 U an tifoaming^j 沫的 antifun gal 抗真菌 G 勺 anti ・in fectives 抗感染药物antioxidant 抗氧剂 antithrombin 抗凝血酶an tit ode 解毒剂 等(1) Biologists and chemists divide compounds into two principal classes,inorganic and organic.生物学家和化学家将化合物分为两类，无机和有机。
(2) Simply sated, no organism can survive without water. 简单的来说，没有水就没有生命。
(3) When inorganic salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl) are dissolved inwater, they undergo dissociation, or ionization.当无机盐如氯化钠(NaCl)溶于水时，会发生离解或离子化。
(4)Metformin is given by mouth, in an initial dosage of 500 mg three times daily or 850mg twice daily and should be taken with meals< 口服给予二甲双弧，初始剂量为500 mg,每日3次，每次850mg,每次两次，应随餐服用。
(5)The term pharmacognosy was first used between 1811 and 1815, and originally referred to ^materia medica v , the knowledge of drug materials or pharmacology.术语“生药学” 一词在1811年至1815年间首次被使用，最初称为“药物”，药物材料或药理学知识。
五、Translate the following sentences into English(1)称为酸碱的物质显示出相似的行为。
Substances cal led acids and bases show si milar behavior.(2)每个水分子能和周围的水分子形成四个氢键。
Every water molecule is capable of forming four hydrogen bonds with nearby water molecules.(3)如今，二十一世纪初，世界各地药学学术部门的人员热情地追求牛药学教学和研究Today, at the beginning of the 21、century, pharmacognosy teaching and research is pursued enthusiastically by its disciples in academic departments of pharmacy all over the world.(4)手术前2〜3天应停止二甲双肌治疗。
When undergoing surgery, metformin therapy should be discontinued days before surgery.（5）在检查实验中，对于具体尺寸或容器的类型或设备的规范性仅作为推荐使用。
A specifiedtion for a definite size or type of container or apparatus in a test of assay is given solely as a recommendation.六、Translate the following sentences into Chinese1.All living organisms require a wide variety of inorganic compounds for growth, repair, maintenance, and reproduction. Water is one of the most important, as well as one of the most abundant, of these compounds, and it is particularly vital to microorganisms. Outside the cell, nutrients are dissolved in water, which faci1itates their passage through passage through cel 1 membranes.所有生物体需要各种各样的无机化合物用于生长，修复，维护和繁殖。
水是最重要的，也是最丰富的这些化合物之一，对微生物尤为重要。
在细胞外，营养物质溶解在水中，这便于它们通过细胞膜通过。
所有生物体需要各种各样的无机化合物用于生长，修复，维护和繁殖。
水是最重要的，也是最丰富的这些化合物之一，对微生物尤为重要。
在细胞外，营养物质溶解在水中，这便于它们通过细胞膜通过。
2.Water has struetural and chemical properties that make it particularly suitable for its role in living cells. As we discussed, the total charge on the water molecule is neutral, but the oxygen region of the molecule has a slightly negative charge and the hydrogen region has a slightly positive charge.水具有结构和化学性质，使其特别适合其在活细胞中的作用。
如我们所讨论的，水分子上的总电荷是中性的，但是分子的氧区具有轻微的负电荷，而氢区具有轻微的正电荷。
3.When inorganic salts such as sodium chloride （NaCl） are dissolved in water, they undergo dissociation, or ionization. That is , they break apart into ions. Substances called acids and bases show similar behavior. 当无机盐如氯化钠（NaCl）溶解在水中时，会发生离解或离子化。
也就是说，它们分裂成离子。
称为酸碱的物质显示出类似的行为。
4.Depending on the selectioii of the in~vitr（）and in-vivo bioassays used to monitor the crude extracts, chromatographic fractions, and pure isolates of a plant or other organism, natural products research can be focused on a particular type of disease. Thus, the fol lowing paragraphs wi11 summari ze some of the progress made recently on the di scovery of potential plant-derived anti cancer agents and naturally occurring cancer chemopreventives in two separate multidisciplinary collaborative research projects at the University of Illinois at Chicago.根据用于监测植物或其他牛物体的粗提取物，层析组分和纯分离物的体外和体内生物测定的选择，天然产物研究可以集中在特定类型的疾病上。
因此，以下段落将总结近期在芝加哥伊利诺伊大学的两个独立的多学科合作研究项目中发现潜在的植物衍生抗癌剂和天然存在的癌症化学预防药物的一些进展。
5.In a recent review article, Tyler has outlined some of the scientific challenges that ensuring the safe and effective use of herbnl remedies will present the manufactures of these products, in terms of bioavailability, phytoequivalence, standardization and other quality control, and the performance of properly designed cl inical trails leading to the introduction of new phytomedicines. Tn the US, the passage of the Dietary SupplementHealth and Educatioii Act in 1994 led to the categorization of herbal medicines as "dietary suppiements" for“ health maintenance" , and health food stores.在最近的一篇综述文章中，泰勒概述了确保安全有效地使用草药的一些科学挑战, 将在牛物利用度，植物等效性，标准化和其他质量控制方面呈现这些产品的制造商，以及正确的表现设计临床路径引入新的植物药物。