Prospective postgraduates
postgresql翻译
postgresql翻译PostgreSQL是一种开源的关系型数据库管理系统，它支持SQL语言，并提供了丰富的功能和扩展性。
下面是一些常见的PostgreSQL用法和中英文对照例句：1. 创建数据库：- 创建一个名为"mydatabase"的数据库。
```CREATE DATABASE mydatabase;```2. 创建表：- 在数据库中创建一个名为"employees"的表，包含id、name 和age字段。
```CREATE TABLE employees (id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,name VARCHAR(50),age INTEGER);```3. 插入数据：- 向"employees"表中插入一条记录。
```INSERT INTO employees (name, age) VALUES ('John Doe', 30);```4. 查询数据：- 查询"employees"表中所有记录。
```SELECT * FROM employees;```5. 更新数据：- 将"employees"表中id为1的记录的name字段更新为"Jane Smith"。
```UPDATE employees SET name = 'Jane Smith' WHERE id = 1; ```6. 删除数据：- 从"employees"表中删除age大于40的记录。
```DELETE FROM employees WHERE age > 40;```7. 查询过滤：- 查询"employees"表中age大于等于30且小于等于40的记录。
```SELECT * FROM employees WHERE age >= 30 AND age <= 40;```8. 排序查询结果：- 查询"employees"表中按照age字段降序排列的记录。
postgres extension 原理
postgres extension 原理【最新版】目录1.引言2.Postgres Extension 概述3.Postgres Extension 原理4.Postgres Extension 的优点5.Postgres Extension 的实例6.结论正文【引言】Postgres 是一款功能强大的开源关系型数据库管理系统，它支持多种数据类型和 SQL 功能。
在 Postgres 中，扩展 (Extension) 是一种增强其功能的机制。
本文将介绍 Postgres Extension 的原理及其优点，并通过实例加以说明。
【Postgres Extension 概述】Postgres Extension 是一种插件，可以扩展 Postgres 数据库的功能和性能。
它们是独立的代码库，可以包含新的数据类型、函数、操作符、聚合函数等，以满足特定领域的需求。
在 Postgres 中，扩展可以通过扩展名（如"pg_azon"）来识别。
【Postgres Extension 原理】Postgres Extension 的原理是基于 C 语言的编程接口，开发者可以通过编写 C 代码来实现自定义的数据类型、函数等。
这些 C 代码会被编译成一个共享库（shared library），然后在 Postgres 数据库中加载，从而实现扩展功能。
具体来说，Postgres Extension 的生命周期包括以下几个步骤：1.创建：开发者编写 C 代码，实现扩展功能。
2.编译：将 C 代码编译成一个共享库。
3.加载：在 Postgres 数据库中加载共享库，使扩展生效。
4.使用：用户可以在 SQL 语句中使用扩展提供的功能。
5.卸载：不再使用扩展时，可以从 Postgres 数据库中卸载它。
【Postgres Extension 的优点】Postgres Extension 具有以下优点：1.可扩展性：Postgres Extension 提供了一种灵活的方式来扩展数据库功能，可以根据需求添加新的功能。
四级英语作文
应用文类型:介绍信
A Letter of Introduction for a Job Application Dear Mrs. Nichols, It is a pleasure to introduce Mike Ritter to you as a possible candidate for a position with your firm. I understand he will be contacting you soon to request an interview. Mike is presently employed at Holt Chemical Laboratories as a supervisor. We previously worked together before I left Holt to the West Coast. During he five years of our association, he was the prefect employee—responsible, highly capable, and a thoroughly delightful person to know. I’d appreciate any consideration you can extend to him. Thank you very much. Sincerely yours,
应用文类型:感谢信
Thanks for Prompt Medical Care Dear Captain Carter, My father is alive today only because of the skill and promptness of two of your paramedics. They were at the door within two minutes of my frantic call last week after my father’s sudden collapse from a heart attack. Immediate on-the spot care followed by a speedy trip to the hospital saved his life. He’s now out of the intensive care unit and is expected to come home in a day or two. I don’t know the names of these two men, but it should be a matter of record. I’d appreciate it if you’d convey to them our family’s deep appreciation and thanks for what they did. Yours truly, Jim
(完整word版)俞敏洪托福词汇串讲注释版
(完整word版)俞敏洪托福词汇串讲注释版● a pivotal figure 关键人物pivotaladj 枢纽的、关键的● a premium price 高价premium n 保险金、a 高价的a range of 一系列abandon 抛弃，放纵abandonment nabbreviate 缩写abrasion 磨损abstract 抽象absurd 荒谬的abundance noneabundant 丰富accelerate 积累access 接触,靠近have access to 能够接触到 accessible 可以接触的acclaimed 受欢迎的accommodate 食宿 commodity 商品accommodating好客的乐于助人的accommodate (sb.）for the nightan accommodating person 爽快人，好人accompany vaccordion手风琴 accord 和谐、一致accumulate v 堆积cumulus积云accustomed 习惯●acquaintance n 熟悉，熟人quaint a 古怪，新奇的a speaking acquaintance 泛泛之交I have no acquaintance with this book。
我不熟悉这本书。
acronym 大写字母缩略词acute 尖锐的，急性的chronic 慢性的●adapt 习惯adopt采纳adaptable 可适应的adaptation 习惯additive n 添加剂/a 附加的 addictive上瘾的adept a /n熟练的/老手adjacent 毗邻的adjoining 毗邻adjust v 调节 just“正确”adjustment 调整adobe n 土培房abode 住房adopt v收养，采纳adorn 装饰adornment nadvent n 来到adventureadverse adj相反的adversely 负面的adversity n 不幸、灾难advocate n/v 支持拥护●aesthetic adj美学的esthetic 感觉的anaesthetic n 麻醉剂ana（无）+a esthetically●affect 影响 / 感动/假装1. He was deeply affected by my words。
postgre数据库概述
postgre数据库概述PostgreSQL是一种开源的关系型数据库管理系统(RDBMS)，它被广泛应用于各种规模的企业和组织中。
本文将对PostgreSQL数据库进行概述，介绍其特点、优势以及在实际应用中的一些常见用途。
PostgreSQL具有以下几个特点：可扩展性强、功能丰富、高度可定制、稳定可靠。
首先，PostgreSQL支持水平和垂直扩展，可以轻松应对不断增长的数据和用户量。
其次，PostgreSQL提供了丰富的功能和高级特性，如复杂查询、事务处理、触发器、视图等，可以满足各种复杂的数据处理需求。
此外，PostgreSQL还支持自定义数据类型、函数和插件，可以根据具体需求进行灵活定制。
最重要的是，PostgreSQL以其稳定性和可靠性而闻名，具有很高的数据完整性和可靠性，适用于企业级应用。
在实际应用中，PostgreSQL有着广泛的用途。
首先，它可以作为关系型数据库管理系统，用于存储和管理结构化数据。
企业可以使用PostgreSQL存储各种类型的信息，如用户数据、产品信息、订单数据等。
其次，PostgreSQL还可以用于地理信息系统(GIS)和空间数据处理。
它提供了丰富的地理空间函数和索引，可以处理地理位置、地图数据等。
此外，PostgreSQL还可以用于时间序列数据的存储和分析。
对于需要记录和分析大量时间序列数据的应用，如传感器数据、日志数据等，PostgreSQL提供了高效的存储和查询功能。
另外，PostgreSQL还可以用于全文搜索，提供了全文索引和相关的查询功能，可以快速搜索和检索文本数据。
与其他数据库管理系统相比，PostgreSQL具有一些显著的优势。
首先，作为开源软件，PostgreSQL具有活跃的社区支持和持续的开发更新。
它不仅具有稳定性和可靠性，还不断引入新的功能和改进。
其次，PostgreSQL具有良好的跨平台支持，可以在各种操作系统上运行，如Windows、Linux、MacOS等。
Graduate Admissions
Graduate AdmissionsThe majority of graduate programmes in NUS admit students twice a year, in August and January. The corresponding applications deadlines are the preceding 15 November and 15 May respectively. However, some programmes follow different timelines, and prospective students are advised to check with the graduate studies website of the Faculty offering the programme.Decisions on admission are made by the School or Faculty after careful evaluation of all applications. Evaluation is carried out based on a combination of factors such as academic degree and record, the statement of purpose, letters of recommendation, standardized test scores and relevant work experience. Other considerations may include the potential for future contributions to the academic or professional fields, research interest of the professors involved in each degree programme and the relevance of the academic preparation for the chosen course of study.The minimum set of admission requirements are given below. Individual programmes may have their own additional requirements. Applicants should refer to the respective Faculty's graduate studies website.It should be noted that satisfying minimal standards is not a guarantee of admission, since the number of qualified applicants far exceeds the number of places available. As a result, many well-qualified applicants cannot be accommodated.Minimum Requirements for Research-based ProgrammesCandidates must demonstrate readiness for graduate study through some specific standard of achievement in a common entry examination (e.g., the subject GRE, GMAT), and/or an admissions test or an interview.Admission to a research Master’s programme normally requires a good Honours degree or equivalent. Departments may also admit students wi th a good Bachelor’s degree with relevant research or working experience on a case-by-case basis, subject to approval by the Board of Graduate Studies (BGS).Admission into a Ph.D. programme requires a good Master’s degree in a relevant discipline, or at least a Second Class Upper Honours degree or equivalent in a relevant discipline.Credit transfer and exemption for the coursework component of the graduate research programme may be granted for NUS modules taken and passed prior to admission to the programme or for modules completed at another tertiary institution recognised by the University. Only modules relevant to the degree programme to which the candidate seeks admission, with comparable content and level of sophistication, and read less than 5 years before the date of admission may be considered for credit transfer / exemption.There is no limit to the transfer of credit for relevant modules that have not been used towards another degree at NUS or elsewhere. For relevant modules that have been credited towards another degree elsewhere, up to 50% of the MCs required in the coursework component of the NUS graduate research programme into which the candidate seeks admission may be exempted. For relevant NUS modules that have been credited towards another degree at NUS, on a case-by-case basis and subject to approval, more than 50% of the MCs required in the coursework component of the NUS graduate research programme may be allowed credit and grade transfer.Students seeking credit transfer and exemption should apply to the relevant programme office within the first semesterCall for Applications for Leave for Academic Purposes (Conference) & Financial Assistance1. Conferences to be held in February/March 2011The deadline for submission of Applications for Leave for Academic Purposes (Conference) with/without financial assistance (for conferences to be held in the months of February/March 2011) to the Deanery is Friday, 12th November 2010. Late submissionwill not be considered at all.Please note that all full-time research postgraduates are to submit their applications to Departments/Programmes Monday, 8th November 2010 even if they have not received their acceptance letters from the conference organizers. Such acceptance letters may be submitted later upon receipt.Please note that incomplete applications will be returned unprocessed and may result in delays. Late applications (applications meant for conference dates of an earlier round) will not be considered. To be eligible for conference funding, a paper must be accepted and presented. Papers presented previously at earlier conferences with FASS funds will not be eligible for funding unless faculty can give an undertaking that the paper has been substantially revised.2. Eligibility of applicants for conference applicationsFaculty members/ fellows/ senior tutors and full-time research graduate students are eligible to apply for conference leave with financial assistance.3. Guidelines for conference financial assistanceThe guidelines for international conference financial assistance are as follows:Full-time Research Postgraduates•Airfare via the most direct and economical route (airfare andairport/fuel/service/transaction taxes/surcharges to be stated in application form),•50% of daily subsistence allowance payable for the country concerned for the duration of the conference + 50% per-diem for one additional day for international conferences and•Registration fee based on the lowest "early" registration fee rate.Registration fees for international conferences have been on the rise, in many cases, steeply. Some conferences now charge over S$1,000 for registration. Applicants are requested to plan early and take advantage of discounts for early registration.(i) Application for Financial Assistance for ConferencesPlease submit the following form:Name of Form Number of FormApplication of Financial Assistance for Conferences FASS-G76/06Self-evaluation form for graduate students applying for conference funding S elf-evaluation form•Leave will be granted automatically.•The completed form (endorsed by Supervisor & Head) should be forwarded to the Division of Research and Graduate Studies (DRGS), at AS7 Level 6, for Graduate Student Conference Committee approval.(ii) Application for Leave for Academic Purposes (Conference) Without Financial AssistancePlease submit the following form:Name of Form Number of FormLeave for Academic Purposes (Conference) Without Financial Assistance FASS-G3/06•The completed form (endorsed by Supervisor & Head) should be forwarded to the Division of Research and Graduate Studies (DRGS), at AS7 Level 6, for Graduate Student Conference Committee approval.Most general information which international applicants find helpful are available from either the website of the Office of Student Affairs, the Office of Admissions or the Registrar’s Office. To help you get started, here are some relevant links.* Please note that information marked with '*' refers to graduate students and may not be fully applicable to all prospective students.Residential ServicesFull-time foreign students who wish to apply for accommodation at the University’s hostels may do so through the Office of Student Affairs' Residential Services site.*Graduate students may apply for accomodation at the University's hostels at either Prince George's Park (which caters to married students with spouses/children in Singapore) or Gillman Heights._______________________________________Estimated Living Cost*Click here for useful information on monthly living expenses which cover estimates for accommodation, food, transportation and personal expenses.________________________________________Visits by FamiliesForeign students who would like their families to join them in Singapore should note that their families have to follow the procedures of the Immigration & Checkpoints Authority (ICA). Your family’s stay here does not automatically follow from your admittance to the programme. Please refer to the ICA website for information on entry visa, social visit passes, etc.______________________________________Social Visit Pass (for Spouse of Research Scholar)*Research scholars may obtain sponsorship from the University for a Social Visit Pass for their spouses. Information and application forms are available here.It is important to note, however, that the University does not sponsor the children or other immediate family members of Research Scholars. The scholar will have to seek his or her own private sponsor who must be a Singapore Citizen or Singapore Permanent Resident as well as to put down a security deposit which is refundable upon return of the sponsored person.English Language requirementApplicants may present any of the following to fulfil the English Language requirement:Test Minimum Acceptable ScoreEL1119C6IELTS 6.5MUET200'O' Level English C6TOEFL 580 for paper-based / 237 for computer-based / 92-93 for internet-based**For TOEFL score comparison table, please refer to/Media/Tests/TOEFL/pdf/TOEFL_iBT_Score_Comparison_Tables.pdfPlease note that only TOEFL and / or IELTS scores obtained in the five years leading up to 15 March of the year of application will be considered. For instance, for applications closing on31 March 2011, the validity period for the scores is from31 March 2006 to31 March 2011 (both dates inclusive).Admission requirements »The International Baccalaureate (IB) online application form is meant for applicants (regardless of nationality) presenting the IB diploma seeking admission to NUS. It includes full-time National Servicemen (NSF) with the IB diploma who have a course reserved in NUS but wish to apply for a change of course.All applicants are highly encouraged to authorize International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) to release their International Baccalaureate (IB) transcripts to NUS. Applicants can do s o by informing their school’s IB coordinator.The International Baccalaureate (IB) online application form is meant for:A. Students presenting November 2010 or earlier IB Examination Session results- These students may apply for admission with their actual International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma results.Some students may be subjected to the Mother Tongue Language (MTL) requirement for admission. For more information, please refer to the FAQ.B. Students presenting May 2011 IB Examination Session results- These students may apply for admission with their forecast International Baccalaureate (IB) results, as attested by high school.SAT I and SAT II scores are only required if students- are applying for Medicine and/or Dentistry course- wish to have an early admission considerationDiscretionary Admission »NUS sets aside up to 10 % of course places for consideration of exceptional candidates for admission. For such candidates, NUS will consider other factors besides academic grades. The following are some samples of exceptional achievements that we may take into consideration: 1. Medal winner at International Olympiads (Biology, Chemistry, Informatics, Mathematics and Physics)2. Winner in National Science & Talent Search competitions3. Represented Singapore in Arts and/or Sports4. Active participation in community service and volunteer programmes5. Work experience relevant to the course applied for (supporting document/s is/are required)6. Key leadership positions in community organisations, sports and athletic clubs, etc (outside school)In addition, you can provide information on awards/honours that you have won. If you wish to be considered under this scheme, you should provide the details in the 'Discretionary Admissions' section in the online application form. You should then follow up by sending supporting documents to NUS. Please note that if the 'Discretionary Admissions' section in the online application form is not filled in, you will not be considered under this scheme.Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT I and SAT II) Requirements »SAT I - Reasoning TestSAT I consist of 3 Sections, Critical Reading Section, Writing Section and Mathematics Section. The minimum acceptable Reasoning Test scores are 600 for the Critical Reading Section, 600 for the Writing Section, and 650 for the Mathematics Section.For SAT I, all 3 Sections (i.e. Critical Reading Section, Writing Section and Mathematic Section) have to be taken in one sitting. Mixing and matching of different sections scores from various sitting cannot be accepted.SAT II - Subject TestsSAT II consists of 3 Subjects Test. The Subject Test, Mathematics Level II is compulsory. The two other Subjects Tests may be of your choice.Compulsory subjects for the Subject Tests include :∙Mathematics Level II ^∙ A second subject of your choice (excluding Mathematics Level I)∙ A third subject of your choice (excluding Mathematics Level I)For SAT II, the 3 subjects can be taken in no more than two sittings, but within the periodof one year. All other combinations or mixing of scores cannot be accepted. Please notethat the old test format (SAT I & II) and the new test format (Reasoning Test and SubjectTests) cannot be combined. The validity of scores is five years, e.g. for applicationsclosing on 21 February 2011, the validity period is from 21 February 2006 to 21 February2011 (both dates inclusive).The second and third subjects should be chosen based on the subject prerequisites of thecourses you are applying for at NUS. For example, if you are applying for ChemicalEngineering, you will need to choose Physics and Chemistry. If, however, you areapplying for Business Administration, you may choose any subjects except MathematicsLevel I.No minimum Subject Test scores have been stipulated.^ Mathematics Level II is a compulsory subject for all courses except Law. Applicantsapplying for admission to Law may take Mathematics Level I in lieu of Mathematics LevelII.For more information on Reasoning and Subjects Tests, please visit.NUS Institution Code is 3720.You may fax your scores to the University directly at (65) 6778 7570. The scorereports must reach the Office of Admissions by your application closing date failingwhich your application will be deemed incomplete and withdrawn from consideration.Course Pre-requisites »Admission is based on academic merit as well as open competition amongall eligible applicants. In addition to fulfilling admission requirementsfor the applicant category that you belong to, you should also ensure thatyou fulfil the subject prerequisites for the courses which you wish tobe considered for. Please note that the subject prerequisites presentedbelow are subject to changes every year. You are strongly encouraged tovisit our website regularly for further updates.Fees for Graduate ProgrammesThe University’s fees are reviewed and adjusted periodically to reflect the approximate cost of providing education to students. Unlike undergraduate education, most graduate programmes are designed to be largely self-funding, with little or no subsidy from the Government of Singapore. Nonetheless, at present, all graduate research programmes and some graduate coursework programmes remain subsidised to asignificant extent.TuitionThe annual tuition fees for different categories of government-subsidised graduate programmes are set out here. The substantial tuition subsidy from the Government of Singapore comes in the form of a MOE Subsidy which is administered by the Ministry of Education (MOE) and is offered to all admitted students up to the maximum course duration. Students need not apply for the MOE Subsidy if they are eligible. International Students reading a government-subsidised programme can apply for the Service Obligation Scheme to pay reduced, subsidised tuition fees. Most government-subsidised programmes are deemed feasible by the University to offer the Service Obligation Scheme except for programmes listed here.Tuition fees for self-funded graduate coursework programmes can be found at the respective programme websites. The list of self-funded graduate coursework programmesis set out here.Mandatory Miscellaneous FeesMiscellaneous fees are typically levied on items that are either not covered or partially covered by tuition fee and grant/subsidy. All students, whether registered on a full-time or part-time basis, are charged the mandatory miscellaneous fees. These are due at the same time as the tuition fees. These fees help defray the costs of student activity, health services and insurance, campus shuttle service and other services. Annual miscellaneous fees payable are set out in here.Fee Payment ProceduresThe Office of Financial Services publishes information on deadlines for fee payments and modes of fee payment. The Office will send an email notification to students, at their NUS email accounts, to view their Student Bill online at least 2 weeks beforethe scheduled deadline for fee payment.Students may wish to familiarize themselves with information on fee payable upon termination/withdrawal of candidature, application of leave of absence and submissionof thesis (if applicable).Late and Partial Payment PenaltiesStudents who do not meet fee payment deadlines stipulated by the Office of Financial Services may incur penalty fees. If fees are not paid, or only partially paid, by the due date indicated in the bill, a late fee will be stipulated. For students whose fees remain in arrears, the University reserves the right to take further action as deemed necessary including barring such students from module registrations in a subsequent semester, canceling such students’ current module registrations, withholding student status letters, results slips or transcripts, withholding thesis examination and the confirmation of the award of the degree.Change in Academic LoadFor programmes with different fee rates for full-time and part-time enrolment, part-time fees are payable for students who convert from full-time to part-time within Instructional Week 2 of the semester. Full-time fees would be charged for conversionsthereafter.Full-time fees will be charged for conversion from part-time to full-time anytimethroughout the semester.Staff ConcessionStudents who are full-time NUS staff members may be eligible to apply for the staff concession on the tuition fees of part-time, government-subsidised graduate programmes. Information on the staff concession is available at OHR Intranet at StaffPortal.Refund PolicyWith effect from AY2009/10, Semester 2, students who leave the University, either through withdrawal on their own accord or termination of candidature by the University, after Instructional Week 2 of the semester will be liable to pay feesfor the entire semester.Financial AssistanceNUS has an array of financial assistance and scholarships/awards available to help graduate students finance their studies in the University. For more details, clickHereEstimated monthly expenses for und ergraduates »It would be essential for you as an undergraduate to engage in somepersonal financial planning to get you through the months. To assist youin this process, we have done for you a simple breakdown of expenses.We estimate that as a full-time undergraduate studying in NUS, living conservatively, you may reasonably incur the following monthly expenses.Items Estimated monthly expenditure (Based on 4.3 x weekly rates)Accomodation On-Campus (Single)S$325 toS$605 On-Campus (Double)S$215Food Halls of Residence only (Meal Plans)S$ 90 to S$112*Items Estimated monthly expenditure (Based on 4.3 x weekly rates)University Canteens / Food Courts S$250 toS$350Books and stationery (depends on course of study) S$100 toS$200Transport Concession Travel on Public Buses (SBS Transit and SMRT Bus Services) $52Concession Travel on Public Trains (SMRT Train and Light Rail Services) $45Concession Travel on Both Public Buses and Trains $97Travel Expenses on Public Buses / Trains (without concession) S$150 toS$200Personal expenses Toiletries, clothing, groceries, entertainments, etc.S$150 toS$200 NB: The costs have been derived based on a conservative estimate. The actual amount could be higheror lower depending on your expenditure and lifestyle patterns.*Meal plans may vary and some of the halls of residence may not provide every meal during the week.Students should be prepared to budget for meals not provided in the meal plan.。
托福36套词表汇总TPO (15)
adj.六边的，六角形的
hydrologic
adj.水文的
cellular
adj.细胞的；多孔的；由细胞组成的n.移动电话
fibrous
adj.纤维的，纤维性的；纤维状的
ladderback
adj.椅背成梯状的
fatty
adj.脂肪的；肥胖的；[医]脂肪过多的n. [口]胖子
variable
n.颗粒
contradiction
n.矛盾；否认；反驳
Antarctica
n.南极洲
countercurrent
n.逆流；逆电流adv.相反地
reptilian
n.爬虫类动物adj.爬虫类的；卑鄙的
flipper
n.鳍状肢；鳍adj.无礼的vi.vi.靠鳍足行动
heat
n.热度；高温；压力；热烈vt.把…加热；使激动
adj.变量的；易变的,变异的，n.变量；可变物
geologically
adv.从地质学角度
briefly
adv.短暂地；简略地；暂时地
gradually
adv.渐渐地；逐步地
periodically
adv.周期性地；定期地；偶尔；间歇
carnivore
n. [动]食肉动物；食虫植物
gull
n. [动]鸥；笨人；易受骗之人vt.骗；欺诈
托福36套词表汇总TPO15
TPO-15
proportionate
adj.成比例的；相称的vt.使成比例；使相称
hypothetical
adj.假设的；爱猜想的
static
adj.静态的；[物]静电的；n. [物]静电；静电干扰
布里斯托大学住宿申请指南
布里斯托大学住宿申请指南布里斯托大学成立于1876年，是英国一所老牌公立大学。
布里斯托大学实力雄厚，世界排名很高，在今年的QS世界大学排名中排在第41位，是很有留学英国的学生向往的大学。
布里斯托大学本科宿舍和研究生宿舍条件都怎么样呢?一起来看看吧。
一、Aommodation for new undergraduatesOur residences provide so much more than just aommodation. With pastoral support and 24-hour security, opportunities to get involved in green initiatives, drama and music productions or sporting activities and a great social calendar.布里斯托大学提供有很多住宿，有宿舍支持和24小时安保。
在这里，学生有机会参与绿色倡议，有机会欣赏戏剧和音乐作品，参加各种体育活动和社会活动。
1.Aommodation fees(1)Aommodation feesThe aommodation fee you pay depends on the type of room you have. We have a very wide variety of aommodation, and so the fees are varied too. Fees are calculated using a number of factors including room size, whether you have a basin, or en suite, facilities at your residence such as mon rooms and bars, gardens and sports facilities, any enhancement to your room,and catering. The fee also includes all gas, electricity and water rates, plus inter and a bus pass.(2)JCR feeEach residence has a Junior Common Room (JCR), a mittee run by students that organises social and sporting events. All students moving into University-allocated aommodation pay a fee of around ?50 towards their JCR, which goes towards funding the social events provided by your residence throughout the year. This one-off charge is pulsory and is collected in your first fee payment.(3)Insurance costsAll University allocated aommodation es with pulsory basic contents insurance. The policy you are covered by and the cost of the insurance varies aording to which residence you are in. It is vital that you check your policy and ensure that the cover is suitable for your needs. Bicycles are not usually covered as standard and you should top-up your insurance to cover your bicycle, for example.(1)住宿费需要支付的住宿费取决于你房间类型。
postgresql 概念
postgresql 概念PostgreSQL是一种开源的关系型数据库管理系统（RDBMS），它采用了SQL（结构化查询语言）作为查询和操作数据的方式。
PostgreSQL 在许多方面与Oracle数据库相似，但它们之间也存在一些差异。
以下是PostgreSQL中的一些概念：1. 表：用于存储数据的基本结构，由行和列组成。
2. 列：表中的单元，用于存储特定类型的数据。
3. 行：表中的数据记录，由多个列组成。
4. 索引：用于加速数据检索的数据结构，它可以帮助数据库快速找到特定行的位置。
5. 数据类型：用于表示表中列的数据种类，如整数、字符串、浮点数、日期等。
6. 约束：用于确保表中数据的完整性，如主键约束、唯一约束等。
7. 视图：是一种虚拟表，其内容基于查询结果。
视图本身不包含数据，而是在查询时动态生成。
8. 存储过程：一组SQL语句，用于执行特定任务。
存储过程可以接受参数、返回结果，并在数据库内部执行。
9. 函数：与存储过程类似，但它们不返回结果集。
函数可以用于执行一系列操作，如计算、数据转换等。
10. 事务：一个序列of SQL 语句，它们作为一个单元执行。
事务可以确保数据的一致性，例如在更新数据后进行回滚操作。
11. 隔离级别：用于控制事务之间并发访问数据的方式。
较高的隔离级别可以减少并发访问时的冲突，但可能降低性能。
12. 窗口函数：PostgreSQL提供的一类分析函数，用于对数据进行排序、计算百分比等。
13. 全文索引：一种特殊类型的索引，用于全文搜索功能。
它可以快速在大量文本数据中查找关键词。
14. 数据库：存储多个表的容器。
每个数据库都有自己的权限、表空间等设置。
15. 用户：数据库的访问者，具有特定的权限和角色。
用户可以创建、查询、更新和删除数据。
16. 权限：用于控制用户对数据库对象的访问权限，如创建表、插入数据等。
17. 角色：一组相关权限的集合，用于简化用户权限管理。
这些概念有助于了解PostgreSQL的基本结构和功能。
托福听力词汇化学类
TPO8Lecture4Chemistry1. periodic table 作为一种简称，化学元素周期表的简称，也指伯恩斯坦理论、经济、汇市周期理论的简称等。
2.predictive adj.预言性的，成为前兆的prediction n.预言;[气]预测，预报;预言的事物3. category n.类型，部门，种类，类别，类目; [逻，哲] 范畴; 体重等级4.properties n.特性;财产;房地产(property的名词复数);所有权原型：property5. atomic number n.原子序数（指元素在周期表中按次序排列的序号）6.protons n.[物]质子7.spectroscopy[spekˈtrɑ:sk pi]n.[光]光谱学8.ore n.矿;矿石，矿砂9.technetium[tɛkˈniʃi m,-ʃm]n.锝Tc10. Masurium [m 'sʊrɪrm] n. 鎷（元素锝） Ma 【化】元素 masurium 的符号(现已改名technetium 锝)11.discredit vt.使不可置信;使被怀疑;败坏…的名声;拒绝相信;n.耻辱;丧失名誉，名声; 不信，怀疑; 败坏名声的人或事;credit[ˈkrɛdɪt]n.学分;信誉，信用;[金融]贷款;荣誉;vt.相信，信任;归功于; [会] 记入贷方; 赞颂acccredit vt.归因于; 委托，授权; 相信，认可; 鉴定合格，确认达标;12.synthesize[ˈsɪnθɪˌsaɪz]vt.综合;人工合成;（通过化学手段或生物过程）合成;（音响）合成;vi.合成;综合13.cyclotron[ˈsaɪkloʊtrɑ:n]n.回旋加速器cyclinder[saɪk'laɪnd r]n.圆柱14. decay [dɪˈke] vt. （使）腐烂，腐朽; vi. 衰败，衰退，衰落; n. 腐败、衰退的状态;15.generated[d'ʒen reɪtɪd]adj.发电的;v.生成;引起;生（儿、女）(generate的过去式和过去分词 ); （通过物理或化学过程）发生;16.spontaneously[spɔnˈtenɪslɪ]adv.自然地，自发地，不由自主地;不禁;油然17.split vt.分裂;分开;<俚>（迅速）离开;分担;n.划分;分歧;裂缝;劈叉;vi.<俚>走开; 揭发; 被撞碎; <美>[证券] （股票）增加发行;18. measurable adj.可量度的; 可测量的，可预见的; 重大的19. amount n. 量，数量; 总额; 本利之和; 全部效果，全部含义; vi. （在意义、价值、效果、程度等方面）等于; 等同，接近; 合计，总共; 发展成为I still do a certain amount of work for them我仍然为他们做一些工作。
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Prospective postgraduates
Home>Prospective postgraduates>Research degrees>How to apply
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How to apply: applying essentials
This page provides key information about applying for postgraduate research at Sheffield, and contains links to all of our procedures and Admissions policies. Please take the time to read this information before completing your application.
Before you apply
Before you apply for postgraduate research you should contact the academic department you are interested in to check that they have an appropriately qualified supervisor in the area you wish to study. You can find information about the research areas available at Sheffield, and links to departmental contacts, on our research opportunities page:
Research opportunities
A full list of our formal policies relating to Admissions is available on our Policies webpages. This includes our Student Admissions Policy and our minimum English language requirements.
Our policies
You can apply for postgraduate research using our Postgraduate Online Application Form. You can find information about how to do this, and a link to the form, on our Applying page:
Apply for postgraduate research
You can find information about the documents you should include to support your application, and how to supply these, in our Supporting Documents guidance:
Supporting documents
Although we recommend you start in September/October, it is usually possible to start postgraduate research at any point in the year. Therefore in most cases there are no specific deadlines for submitting your application. You can state your preferred start date on your application, although this will need to be confirmed by the academic department.
You should leave yourself plenty of time between applying and your start date in which to make arrangements to come to Sheffield if we make you an offer, particularly if you are an International applicant and will need to arrange a student visa.
After you apply
You can find out what happens after you have submitted your application on our After You Apply webpages. When we have made a decision on your application we will send you an email to tell you what that decision is and what you need to do next.
After you apply
If you will need a visa to study in the UK, you can find more information about when and how we will arrange your CAS number on our CAS Application webpages:
CAS application
Further information
If you have any further questions about the University and applying to study here, please Ask Sheffield.
We wish you the best of luck with your application.
Tips on how to apply
Staff and students share their advice on applying for a PhD at Sheffield, including what makes a strong research proposal.。