[考研类试卷]管理类专业学位联考英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编2.doc

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管理类专业学位联考英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)

管理类专业学位联考英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 5. V ocabularyV ocabulary1．The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations, traditionally a source of______irritation.A．mutualB．optionalC．neutralD．parallel正确答案：A解析：mutual意为“共同的，相互的”；optional意为“选择性的”；neutral 意为“中立的”：parallel意为“平行的”，经常与介词to搭配使用。

2．Williams had not been there during the_____moments when the kidnapping had taken place.A．superiorB．rigorousC．vitalD．unique正确答案：C解析：superior意为“优质的，较好的，高级的”，一般与介词to搭配使用；rigorous意为“严格的，严厉的”；vital意为“极其重要的”；unique意为“唯一的，独一无二的”。

3．Travel around Japan today, and one sees foreign residents holding a wide______of jobs.A．rangeB．fieldC．scaleD．area正确答案：A解析：range意为“范围，变化幅度”，可以构成a range of短语，意为“各种各样的”，range from…to…短语，意为“在……和……之间变动”；field意为“领域”；scale意为“规模，幅度”；area意为“地区；领域”。

4．Modern manufacturing has______a global river of materials into a stunning array of new products.A．translatedB．transformedC．transferredD．transported正确答案：B解析：translate意为“翻译”；transform意为“转型，转化”；transfer意为“调动，转学”；transport意为“运输”。

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考【英语(二)】Writing Part A

例文：
Dear friends, I am really happy to know you are going to visit
China.Because all of you are interested in Chinese culture,I will plan a tour of Badaling Great Wall,a famous historical and cultural site for you.I will briefly introduce the scene spots and some tips for you.
2/2
Once again,Welcome to China.I am looking forward to seeing you soon.If you want more informations,please don’t hesitate to contact me in time.
Yours Sincerely, Li Ming
Badaling Great Wall is located Beijing,which is one of important parts of the great defence project of
1/2
2020）】
ancient China.Inside Badaling Great Wall,you can see the city wall,city platform,enemy tower and other military defense facilities,from which you can understand the history of ancient Chinese war.In order to a smooth play,please bring your student ID card and enjoy a certain discount.In addition,please don’t forget take cold proof clothes with you during the tour,because the Great Wall is windy.

近十年管理类联考英语翻译真题及答案汇总

近十年管理类联考英语翻译真题与答案汇总在2018年的联考大纲中,英语翻译共15分.而很多考生的翻译往往都是丢分项,友课教育整理了近10年的英语翻译题与参考答案,大家可以适当练练手.2007Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life.Creativity has come to be valued,because new technologies,new industries and new wealth flow from it.And as a result,our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas.It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today,and in many senses always has been.The big advances in standard of living--not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace--always have come from"better recipes,not just more cooking."One might argue that's not strictly true.One might point out,for instance,that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times,much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine,but from the widespread application of"cooking in quantity"business methods like massive division of labor,concentration of assets,vertical integration and economies of scale.But those methods themselves were creative developments.人类创造力的提升,作为经济生活所定义的特征,为我们这个时代正在发生的巨大变化,提供了巨大的动力.因为新的技术,新的工业,新的财富都伴随着创造力产生,创造力逐渐受到重视.所以,我们的生活中和社会中,开始回响着创造性的思想.正是我们在各个方面对创造力的认同,形成了我们这个时代潜在的精神.创造力对于我们今天的生活和工作是致关重要的,从许多意义上来说曾经也是.在不设计大市场中大的竞争优势的情况下,生活水平的大幅度提高总是来自更好的食谱,而不是更多的烹饪.也许会有人提出这并不完全正确.有人也许会举例指出,从早期的工业革命到现代化时代这么长的时期内,在工业领域中,许多生产效率的进步和物质财富的增长并不仅仅来源煜创造性的发明,如蒸气机,还来源于讲求量的商业方法的广泛应用,比如大规模的劳动力划分,资本集中,纵向联合和经济规模.但是这些方法本身就是创造性的发展.2008The term〞business model〞first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet<空白表格程序>.Before the spreadsheet,business planning usually meant producing a single forecast.At best,you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection.The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart,its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested.You could ask what-if questions about the critical assumptions on which.your business depended-for example,what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought?-and with a few keystrokes,you could see how any change would play out on every aspect of the whole.In other words,you could model the behavior of a business.Before the computer changed the nature of business planning,most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design.By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics,spread sheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.随着个人计算机和空白表格程序的发明,〞商业模型〞这个属于首次得到了大规模的使用,空白表格程序被发明前,商业计划通常以为着产生一个单一的预测,充其量,你也只能在此单一预测的基础上再做一些敏感性分析.空白表格程序开启了一种更具分析性的规划方法,其原因是空白表格程序中的每一行中的项目都可以被拆分,其中的每一个部分与字部分都可以被分析和测试.你可以对你的商业外所以来的关键设想提出〞的问题,例如,"如果顾客对价格的敏感度超过了我们的预期怎么办〞,只需敲击几下键盘,你就可以看到某个变化对全局的各个方面回产生怎么样的影响,换句话说,你可以对商业的行为建立模型.在计算机改变了商业规划的本质之前,绝大部分成功的商业规划与其说是策划出来的,不如说是运气使然.空白表格程序将公司的时常洞察力与相应的经济结果更为紧密的联系起来,从而使公司在商业运营开始前建立商业模型变为可能.2009With the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff.The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers’excessive risk-taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued,to others in the past,in this case,it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along thechain,advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road,in hopes averting the next crisis,which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets.But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue’s,and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就受到密切关注.银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济.抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险.金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.2010"Sustainability〞has become a popular word these days,but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning.Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance.He’d been through the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for a job,signed on with a bounder agency.It didn’t go will."It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,〞says Ning,whose dilemma about the job translated,predictably,into a lack of sales.〞I was miserable.I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling.I had no money and needed the job.Everyone said,"Just wait,you’ll turn the corner,give it some time.〞本质如今已成一个热门话题,但对TedNing而言,这个概念一直有个人含义,经历了一段痛苦非本质个人生活,使他清楚面向本质的价值观,必须惯彻每天的行动和选择中.Ning回忆起了1990年代,买保险的迷茫时光,他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂找工作与Boulder代理机构签了约.事情进展不顺利,TedNing说到：那真是个糟糕的选择,因为我对此没有激情,可以预料到他在工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务NING说：我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板,我没钱需要工作,每个人都说等吧,只要有耐心会好转的.2011Who would have thought that,globally,the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do-roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment.A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2,depending on how many attempts are needed to get the"right"answer.To deliver results to its users quickly,then,Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world,packed with powerful computers.While producing large quantities of CO2,these computers emit a great deal of heat,so the centres need to be wellair-conditioned,which uses even more energy.However,Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements.Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction,but there is much more to be done,and not just by big companies.有谁会想到,在全球X围内,IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多?占二氧化碳总排量的2%.很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用.根据你查询正确答案的尝试次数,谷歌搜索引擎会插手0.2-7克的二氧化碳的排放量.要快速将结果传递给用户,谷歌必须用强大和大量的计算机系统来维护全球巨大的数据库中心.这些计算机在散发大量热量的同时也产生大量的二氧化碳气体.所以中心处理器必须要有很好的散热装备,然而却耗能更多.2012When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate.A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This"brain drain〞has long bothered policymakers in poor countries,They fear that it hurts their economies,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.发展中国家的人们为移民忧虑时,他们通常担忧的是离开自己国家去去硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学的最优秀、最聪明的群体的前景.这些劳动者正是像英国、加拿大、澳大利亚这样的国家通过赋予受过大学教育者以特权的移民法想要吸引的人群.很多研究发现,来自发展中国家的那些受到良好教育的人们极有可能选择移居他国.20##对印度家庭开展了一项广泛的调查,结果显示约40%的移民受过高中以上的教育.相比而言,在所有年龄超过25岁的印度人中,受过高中以上教育的人数比例只有约3.3%."人才流失〞一直困扰着贫穷国家的政策制定者们.他们担心这会对本国的经济造成损害,造成国家急需的技工的流失.这些技术人员可能曾在他们的大学教学,也可能曾在他们的医院工作,或者曾经构想出智能化的新产品让他们的工厂去生产.2013I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was,what happened in the news and even the day of the week,I’ve been able to do this,since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs.My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly.When I think of a sad memory,I do what everybody does-try to put it to one side.I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer.Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid.I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day of the week the day of the week day before.I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day-they both just pop into my mind in the same way.从过去的53年里随便找出哪一天,我都能够立刻想起那一天我在哪里,那一天发生了什么新闻,甚至那一天是星期几.从4岁起,我就能这么做了.我从来没有为自己所记住的大量的信息而感到不知所措.我的大脑似乎能够应对这种状况,能够有条理地将这些信息记在脑子里.当我想起悲伤的事情时,我会像每个人一样,尽力把它放在一边,不去想它.我并不认因为我的记忆非常强而导致很难把不高兴的事情放在一边.强大的记忆力并不能使我的情感更加敏锐和生动.我能够记得我祖父去世的那一天,以与前一天我们去医院的路上所感到的悲伤.同样,我也能记得同一天在百老汇上演的音乐剧《Hair》——这些事情都以同样的方式在我脑海里突然浮现.2014Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy,with a glass that’s perpetually half full.But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists would not recommend."Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,〞says Taal Ben-Shah-ar,a Harvard professor.According to Ben-Shah-ar,realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen,but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shah-ar uses three optimistic exercises.When he feels down—say,after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human.He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner,some will be less effective than others.Next is reconstruction.He analyzes the weak lecture,learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesnot.Finally,there is perspective,which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life,one lecture really does not matter.在大部分人眼中,乐观主义就意味着永远满怀希望、无忧无虑,遇事只往好的方面想.然而积极心理学专家认为这种乐观只是假象,不建议人们这么做.哈佛大学教授塔尔·本沙哈尔指出："健康的乐观主义应该是切合实际的.〞他认为,现实的乐观主义者会尽力让事事顺利,而不是迷信万事大吉.本沙哈尔提出了"三步乐观法〞.第一步：在碰到例如演讲表现糟糕这种让人沮丧的情况时,他首先会安慰自己人非圣贤,不是所有的演讲都能拿到诺贝尔奖,总会有些演讲的效果不如他人.第二步：重现场景.他会对这次失败的演讲进行分析,总结优缺点,为以后的演讲吸取经验教训.第三步：形成这样一个观念,要明白在生命的宏大蓝图中,一次演讲着实微不足道.2015Think about driving a route that's very familiar.It could be your commute to work,a trip into town or the way home.Whichever it is,you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand.On these sorts of trips it's easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery.The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time thanit actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect:people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention.When we travel down awell-known route,because we don't have to concentrate much,time seems to flow more quickly.And afterwards,when we come to think back on it,we can't remember the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it.So we assume it wasshorter.设想一下,你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上.可能是你每天上下班、去城里、或是回家的路.不管是哪一条路,你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌,非常熟悉.在这样的路途中,我们容易在开车的时候心不在焉,对途中的景色也几乎是全然不顾.如此一来,你会觉得路上所花的时间比实际要少.这就是"熟悉路线效应"：人们往往会低估行驶在熟悉的路上所花费的时间.这一效应由我们分配精力的方式引起.当行驶在熟悉的路上时,由于我们不用太过集中精力,时间似乎飞逝而过.随后,我们回想行车过程时,由于我们没有过多关注,所以对行车的印象也很模糊.因此我们会认为花费的时间会更短些.2016The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store,the more stuff you’ll see,and the more stuff you see,the more you’ll buy.And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.The average supermarket,according to the Food Market Institute,carries some 44,000 different items,and many carry tens of thousands more.The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.According to brain-scan experiments,the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.After about 40 minutes of shopping,most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,and instead begin shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽可能长的时间.原因非常简单：顾客在店里停留的时间越长,看到的商品越多；看到的商品越多,买的也就越多.超市陈列了大量的商品.根据食品市场科的调查,一般超市里有约44000种不同的商品,许多超市都有上万种.如此众多的选择足以使顾客陷入信息量超载的状态.根据脑部扫描实验,需要迅速地做出这么多决定就会使我们太累.大约购物40分钟以后,大多数人就放弃了去做理性的选择,取而代之的是冲动购物——正是此时,我们在购物车里已经装了一半根本没想买的东西.2017My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.Two years before graduating from secondary school,I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.However,during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future,so I decided that it was not the right path for me.Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism,because writing was,and still is,one of my favourite activities.But,to be absolutely honest,I said it,because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream-Iknew that no one,apart from myself,could imagine me in the fashion industry atall!So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing.This is when I noticed the course"Fashion Media&Promotion.〞我的梦想我的梦想一直是在时装设计和出版领域找寻一份工作.在我中学毕业的两年前,我选修了一门"缝纫和设计〞课程,并且以为我能再继续学习一个时装设计的课程.然而,就在这个课程的学习过程中,我意识到,将来在这个领域,我是无法与那些富于创新精神的精英们相比的.于是,我断定这条路行不通.在申请上大学之前,我对所有人都讲,我想学新闻学,因为,写作曾经是并且现在也一直是我最喜欢的事情之一.但是,说实话,我之所以这样说,是因为我认为从事时装设计不过是我的一个梦想,我也知道,除了我之外,没有人能想象出我会从事时装设计的工作.因此,我决定去寻找一些课程,既与时尚相关、又涉与写作.就在这时,我注意到了《时尚媒体与营销》这门课程.。

管理类专业学位联考英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)

管理类专业学位联考英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 5. V ocabularyV ocabulary1．The poor lady was too______and distressed to talk about the tragedy.A．engagedB．exhaustedC．ignorantD．energetic正确答案：B解析：选项A、B、D都以“e一”开头，在词形上稍微有些相互的干扰，同时，有经验的考生也从中可以体察到一种线索的透漏，即正确答案在这三项的可能性更大。

engaged意为“忙碌的，使用中的”；exhausted意为“筋疲力尽的”；ignorant意为“无知的”；energetic意为“精力充沛的”。

从题干中不难看出，能跟distressed(哀伤的)合理地语意衔接应该是选项B，也符合“too…to”结构在语意上的提示。

2．At first______, the famous painting doesn’t impress the audience at all.A．glanceB．gazeC．stareD．view正确答案：A解析：glance意为“一瞥，匆匆一看”，at first glance是固定用法，意为“乍看，初看”。

再比如：At first glance，the plan seemed unworkable．乍一看，此计划好像不可行。

gaze意为“凝视”：stare意为“瞪”；view意为“景色，观点”。

3．Delegates agree to the plan in______, but there were some details they didn’t approve.A．disciplineB．theoryC．principleD．nature正确答案：C解析：discipline意为“纪律，学科”，没有in discipline的固定搭配：theory 意为“理论”，in theory表示“在理论上”，一般与in practice(在实际上)构成语义对照；principle意为“原理，法则”，inprinciple表示“原则上，大体上”，符合题意；nature意为“自然”，innature表示“在大自然中”，不符合题意。

管理类联考英语二真题及答案

20XX年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health。

Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered tobe normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese。

管理类专业学位联考英语阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编2_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编2(总分50, 做题时间90分钟)2. Reading ComprehensionShould a leader strive to be loved or feared? This question, famously posed by Machiavelli, lies at the heart of Joseph Nye"s new book. Mr. Nye, a former dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and one-time chairman of America"s National Intelligence Council, is best known for promoting the idea of "soft power", based on persuasion and influences, as a counterpoint to "hard power", based on coercion(强迫)and force. Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in policies and diplomacy in his previous books, Mr. Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership, in both the political and business spheres. Machiavelli, he notes, concluded that "one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved." In short, hard power is preferable to soft power. But modern leadership theories **e to the opposite conclusion. The context of leadership is changing, they observe, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated. In **panies and democracies, power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等级制)are being undermined, making soft power ever more important. But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion, Mr. Nye argues. Instead, he advocates a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of The Powers to Lead, his survey of the theory of leadership, is that a combination of hard and soft power, which he calls "smart power", is the best approach. The domination theoretical model of leadership at the moment is, apparently, the "transformational leadership pattern". Anyoneallergic(反感)to management term will already be running for the exit, but Mr. Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadership into a single, slim volume. He examines different approaches to leadership, the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effectiveness of a particular leader. There are plenty of anecdotes and examples, both historical and contemporary,political and corporate. Ales, leadership is a slippery subject, and as he depicts various theories, even Mr. Nye never quite nails the jerry to the wall. He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadership - in particular, the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie - and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions. A recurring theme is that as circumstances change, different sorts of leaders are required, a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle inanother, and vice versa. Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadership offers no easy answers.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.From the first two paragraph we may learn that Mr. Machiavelli"s idea of hard power is______.A well accepted by Joseph NyeB very influential till nowadaysC based on sound theoriesD contrary to that of modern leadership theories该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：本题的信息点是Mr．Machiavelli’s idea of hardpower“Machiavelli先生的硬权力的思想”并限定在前两段。

管理类专业学位联考(综合能力)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)

管理类专业学位联考（综合能力）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. 逻辑推理逻辑推理1．[2004年GRK真题]小红装病逃学了一天，大明答应为她保密。

事后，知道事情底细的老师对大明说，我和你一样，都认为违背承诺是一件不好的事；但是，人和人的交往，事实上默认一个承诺，这就是说真话，任何谎言都违背这一承诺。

因此，如果小红确实装病逃学，那么，即使你已经承诺为她保密，也应该对我说实话。

要使老师的话成立，以下哪项是必须假设的?A．说谎比违背其他承诺更有害。

B．有时，违背承诺并不是一件坏事。

C．任何默认的承诺都比表达的承诺更重要。

D．违背默认的承诺有时要比违背表达的承诺更不好。

E．每一个人都不应该违背任何承诺。

正确答案：D解析：题干中，老师提及了两个承诺，表达的承诺(大明对小红的承诺)和默认的承诺(说真话)。

老师认为，当两个承诺冲突时，选择默认的承诺，即大明应当选择说真话。

这其中隐含假设，即如D项所述“违背默认的承诺有时要比违背表达的承诺更不好”。

知识模块：假设2．[2004年MPA真题]一般而言，科学家怀着进行重要的新科研的目标进入他们的领域，并且被那些具有相似动机的同事所接受。

所以，当某位科学家作为向普通听众解释科学的人而获得声誉时，大多数其他科学家会认为这位名人不能再被视为一位真正的同事。

以上提供的关于普及者不为从事研究的科学家们尊重的解释假定是：A．严肃的科学研究不是一项个人的活动，而是要依赖一群同事的积极协作。

B．从事研究的科学家们不把他们所嫉妒的有名的科学家们视为同事。

C．一位科学家可以在没有完成任何重要研究的情况下成为一位知名人士。

D．从事研究的科学家认为那些因成为科学名人而为大众所知的人没有动力去从事重要的新研究。

E．那些自己不是科学家的人不能去进行并且也不能准确评价任何重要的新研究。

正确答案：D解析：题于中，得到从事研究的科学家尊重是由于他与这些科学家的动机相似，即进行重要的新科研。

管理类联考英语真题及答案

启用前·绝密2013 年全国硕士研究生入学一致考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语二考生注意事项1.考生一定严格恪守各项考场规则。

2.答题前，考生应将答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息填写清楚，并与准考据上的一致。

3.答案一定按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。

（1 ）英语应用、阅读理解 A 部分的答案填涂在答题卡上，阅读理解 B 部分、英译汉的答案和作文的答案写在答题纸上。

（2 ）填涂部分应当依据答题卡上的要求用 2B 铅笔达成。

如要变动，一定用橡皮擦洁净。

书写部分（英译汉的答案和作文）一定用蓝（黑）色笔迹钢笔、圆珠笔或署名笔在答题卡上作答。

4.答题卡禁止折叠。

考试结束后，将答题卡和答题纸一同放入原试卷袋中，试卷交给监考人，禁止在档案袋上填写任何信息。

2013年全国硕士研究生入学一致考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following texts. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C orD on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. __1__ a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been __2__ for two decades but havenot yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very __3__ of money itself," only to __4__ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so __5__ in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6__ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very __7__ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunication networks necessary to make electronic money the __8__ form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they __9__ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to __10__ . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days __11__ a check is cashed and funds are __12__ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. __13__ electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may __14__ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information __15__ there. The fact that this is not an __16__ occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and __17__ from someone else's accounts. The __18__ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to __19__ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic __20__ that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A]However [B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise2. [A]off[B]back[C]over[D]around3. [A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role4. [A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse5.[A] silent[B] sudden[C]slow[D]steady6. [A]for[B]against[C]with[D]on7.[A] imaginative[B] expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive8.[A] similar[B] original[C]temporary[D]dominant9.[A] collect[B] provide[C]copy[D]print10. [A] give up[B] take over[C] bring back[D] pass down11. [A] before[B] after[C]since[D]when12.[A] kept[B] borrowed[C] released[D]withdrawn13. [A]Unless[B]Until[C]Because[D]Though14. [A]hide[B]express[C]raise[D]ease15.[A] analyzed[B] shared[C]stored[D]displayed16.[A] unsafe[B] unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear17.[A] steal[B] choose[C]benefit[D]return18.[A] consideration[B] prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification19.[A] cope with[B] fight against[C] adapt to[D] call for20.[A] chunk[B] chip[C]path[D]trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1In an essay entitled“ Making It in America” , the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today, ” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man awayfrom the machines. ”Davidson ’ s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point thatthe reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today isalso because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an averagelifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’ t earn you wh can’ t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above averagecheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out inwhatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’ s bee acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of everythree manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we knowfor sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will requireworkers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to supportst employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the21 century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A]the impact of technological advances[B]the alleviation of job pressure[C]the shrinkage of textile mills[D]the decline of middle-class incomes22.According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A]work on cheap software[B]ask for a moderate salary[C]adopt an average lifestyle[D]contribute something unique23.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A]gains of technology have been erased[B]job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C]factories are making much less money than before[D]new jobs and services have been offered24.According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A]to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B]to ensure more education for people[C]ro advance economic globalization[D]to pass more bills in the 21st century25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]New Law Takes Effect[B]Technology Goes Cheap[C]Average Is Over[D]Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Alongwith the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of allItalian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname,“ uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories:legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantionsystem and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’ t need more categorie need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legaland illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aidesand physicists are among today’ s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go asopportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. Weneed them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a whilewithout committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be bothhere and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up themiddle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths andmultiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26.“ Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A]immigrate across the Atlantic.[B]leave their home countries for good.[C]stay in a foregin temporaily.[D]find permanent jobs overseas.27.It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A]needs new immigrant categories.[B]has loosened control over immigrants.[C]should be adopted to meet challenges.[D]has been fixeed via political means.28. According to the author, today’ s birds of passage want___[A]fiancial incentives.[B]a global recognition.[C]opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29.The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A]as faithful partners.[B]with economic favors.[C]with regal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30.Choose the best title.[A]come and go: big mistake.[B]living and thriving : great risk.[C]with or without : great risk.[D]legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a momentand think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects ofour quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But weneed more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show,we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren ’ t exclusive to the interpersonal realm Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a fewmilliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whateverelse we ’ re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products orhousing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estateagents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screenersare more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand theirbiases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly“ thin slice” informatio only after we ground such snap reactions in“ thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gott wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for amuck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we havespent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology mightchange the way we react, it hasn ’ t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to ris above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31.The time needed in making decisions may____.[A]vary according to the urgency of the situation[B]prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C]depend on the importance of the assessment[D]predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32.Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A]can be associative[B]are not unconscious[C]can be dangerous[D]are not impulsive33.Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A]trust our first impression[B]do as people usually do[C]think before we act[D]ask for expert advice34.John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A]critical assessment[B] ‘‘ thin sliced’’ study[C]sensible explanation[D]adequate information35.The author ’ s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A]tolerant[B]uncertain[C]optimistic[D]doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family — friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain acertain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Lastyear, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Redinginvited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership.But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy asthey balance work and family?“ Personally, I don’ t like quotas,” Reding said recently.“ But i like what the quotas get action: they“ open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing womenin top business positions.I understand Reding’ s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’ t like quotas either; they r to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US areevading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how m pressure” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as,for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highlycapable person living in a more just society.36.In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A]women take the lead[B]men have the final say[C]corporate governance is overwhelmed[D]senior management is family-friendly37.The European Union ’ s intended legislation is ________.[A]a reflection of gender balance[B]a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’ s call[D]a voluntary action38.According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A]get top business positions[B]see through the glass ceiling[C]balance work and family[D]anticipate legal results39. The author’ s attitude toward Reding’ s appeal is one of _________.[A]skepticism[B]objectiveness[C]indifference[D]approval40.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A]more social justice[B]massive media attention[C]suitable public policies[D]greater“ soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from thelist A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A]Live like a peasant[B]Balance your diet[C]Shopkeepers are your friends[D]Remember to treat yourself[E]Stick to what you need[F]Planning is everything[G]Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good foodwith living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ￡ 60 a week to spend, ￡ 40 of which goes o years ago he was earning ￡ 130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating atLondon's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out andhis drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like thatagain, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat andImpulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shoppinglists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast,lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's alsoa good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change yourmind about what you fancy.This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there’ s n embarrassment as when buying one carrot. In a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, youknow that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight isper-packed in the supermarket chiller.You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that’ s not good enoug filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if youhave surplus vegetables you’ ll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to“cooked or juiced.44..__________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal caters. Shop at butchers, delis andfish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you’ ll feel c asking if they’ ve any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they’ ll let you have for free.You won’ t be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself toa set lunch at a good restaurant—￡1.75 a week for three months gives you￡21—more for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It’ s￡16.95 there—or￡from Domino ’ s: I know which I’ d rather eat.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation onANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in thenews and even the day of the week. I’ ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems tobe able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does--try to put it to one side. I don’ t think it’ s harder for me just because clearer. Powerful memory doesn’ t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the daymy grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I alsoremember that the musical playHair opened on Broadway on the same day---they both just popinto my mind in the same way.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmatesan email toDo Do 1) inform them about the details and2) encourage them to participate.You should write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2.not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Usenot write the address. (10 points)“ LiMing”instead.Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSERE SHEET 2. (15points)管理类联考英语真题及答案某高校学生兼职状况2013年 mba 英语真题详解MBA 考试网参照答案：1.However2.around3.concept4.reverse5.slow6.against7.expensive8.dominant9.provide10.give up11.before12.withdrawn13.Because14.raise15.stored16.uncommon17.steal18.prevention19.cope with20.trail21. the impact of technological advances例子题22.contribute something unique 细节题23.job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed 细节题24.to ensure more education for people 细节题25.Average is Over 要旨题26. stay in a foreign country temporarily词义题27.should be adapted to meet challenges 推测题28.the freedom to stay and leave 细节题29.with legal tolerance 细节题30. legal or illegal: Big Mistake要旨题31. predetermine the accuracy of our judgment细节题32.can be associate 细节题33.think before we act 细节题34.adequate information 细节题35.optimistic 态度题36.men have the final say 细节题37.a reluctant choice 细节题38.get top business positions 细节题39.approval 态度题40. suitable public policies细节题41.Planning is everything42.Stick to what you need43.waste not, want not44.shopkeepers are your friend45.remember to treat yourself46． I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in thenews and even the day of the week, I’ ve been able to do this, since I was 4.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seemsto be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I dowhat everybody does-try to put it to one side. I don’ t think it’ s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’ t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I canrecall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the daybefore. I also remember that the musical Hair opened on Broadway on the same day-they bothjust pop into my mind in the same way.我能够从过去的 53 年中任选一天，而后立刻就能想起来我当日在哪，当日都发生了什么新闻，甚至那一天是礼拜几。

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[考研类试卷]管理类专业学位联考英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编2一、Translation1 Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued because new technologies, new industries and new wealth flow from it. And as a result, our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas. It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today, and in many senses always has been. The big advances in standard of living — not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace — always have come from "better recipes, not just more cooking". One might argue that's not strictly true. One might point out, for instance, that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times, much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine, but from the widespread application of "cooking in quantity" business methods like massive division of labor, concentration of assets, vertical integration and economies of scale. But those methods themselves were creative developments.1 The smooth landing of shuttle(航天飞机)Discovery ended a flight that was successful in almost every respect but one: the dislodging of a big chunk of foam, like the one that doomed the Columbia. This flight was supposed to vault the shuttle fleet back into space after a prolonged grounding for repairs. But given the repeat of the very problem that two years of retooling was supposed to resolve, the verdict is necessarily mixed.(61)Once again, the space agency has been forced to put off the flight until it can find a solution to the problem, and no one seems willing to guess how that may take.The Discovery astronauts performed superbly during their two-week mission, and the shuttle looked better than ever in some respects.(62)Space officials were justifiably happy that so much had gone well, despite daily worries over possible risks. The flight clearly achieved its prime objectives.The astronauts transferred tons of cargo to the international space station, which has been limping along overhead with a reduced crew and limited supplies carried up on smaller Russian spacecraft.(63)They replaced a broken device, repaired another and carted away a load of rubbish that had been left on the station, showing the shuttle can bring full loads back down from space.This was the most scrutinized shuttle flight ever, with the vehicle undergoing close inspection while still in orbit.(64)New sensing and photographic equipment to lookfor potentially dangerous damage to the sensitive external skin proved valuable. A new back flip maneuver allowed station astronauts to photograph the shuttle's underbelly, and an extra-long robotic arm enabled astronauts to see parts of the shuttle that were previously out of sight.(65)The flood of images and the openness in discussing its uncertainties about potential hazards sometimes, made it appear that the shuttle was about to fall apart. In the end the damage was clearly tolerable. A much-touted spacewalk to repair the shuttle's skin the first of its kind moved an astronaut close enough to pluck out some protruding material with his hand Preliminary evidence indicates that Discovery has far fewer nicks and gouges than shuttles on previous flights, perhaps showing that improvements to reduce the shedding of debris from the external fuel tank have had some success.2 (61)3 (62)4 (63)5 (64)6 (65)6 People in business can use foresight to identify new products and services, as well as markets for those products and services. An increase in minority populations in a neighborhood would prompt a grocer with foresight to stock more foods linked to ethnic tastes.(56)An art museum director with foresight might follow trends in computer graphics to make exhibit more appealing to younger visitors.Foresight may reveal potential threats that we can prepare to deal with before they become crises.(57)For instance, a capable corporate manager might see alarming rise in local housing price that could affect availability of skilled workers in the region. The public's changing values and priorities, as well as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, economic constraints, and environmental and resource concerns are all parts of the increasingly complex world system in which leaders must lead.(58)People in government also need foresight to keep systems running smoothly, to plan budgets, and to prevent wars. Government leaders today must deal with a host of new problems emerging from rapid advances in technology.Even at the community level, foresight is critical: school officials, for example, need foresight to assess numbers of students to accommodate, numbers of teachers to hire, new educational technologies to deploy, and new skills for students to develop.(59)Many of the best known technique for foresight were developed by government planners, especially in the military, "thinking about the unthinkable".Pioneering futurists at the RAND Corporation began seriously considering what new technologies might emerge in the future and how these might affect U.S. security. These pioneering futurists at RAND, along with others elsewhere, refined a variety of new ways for thinking about the future.(60)The futurists recognized that the future world is continuous with the present world, so we can learn a great deal about what may happen in the future by looking systematically at what is happening now.7 (56)8 (57)9 (58)10 (59)11 (60)。