城市轨道交通信号专业外语段落翻译

4 interlocking principles

4 连锁规则

4.1 safe routes through an interlocking

4.1 安全进路通过一个联锁

The term “interlocking”is used with two meanings. First, “an interlocking”is the interlocking plant where points and signals are interconnected in a way that each movement follows the other ill a proper and safe sequence(see Section 1.2). Second, the principles to achieve a safe interconnection between points and signals are also generally called ”interlocking”.

“联锁”的概念在使用中有两个意思。第一，“联锁”是指连锁设备。如道岔和信号机，以这样的方式相互关联，每一个动作受约束与另一个（动作），来保证合适而安全的结果（见1-2段）。第二，为了达成在道岔和信号机之间的安全互联而存在的规则也通常称为“联锁”。The route a train could use through an interlocking must meet the following conditions：

列车可以使用的通过联锁的进路，必须达到一下的情形：

?All points must be set properly and locked,

?所有道岔不许被设置在合适的位置，同时被锁闭，

?Conflicting routes must be locked,

?抵触进路必须被锁闭，

?The track must be clear.

?线路必须出清。

This is provided by the following functions:

这些要求可以由以下功能提供：

?Interlocking between points and signals,

?道岔与信号机之间的联锁，

?Route locking,

?进路锁闭

?Locking conflicting routes,

?抵触进路锁闭，

?Flank protection,

?侧面防护

?Track clear detection.

?轨道线路出清检测

On railways where the signals for train movements are separated from those for shunting movements (main and shunt signals), the interlocked routes for train movements are also considered separately from those for shunting movements. Some of the requirements for a train route are not in effect for a shunt route. So, a shunt route may govern a shunting movement into an occupied track. And, flank protection (protection against inadmissible movements on converging tracks) is usually also not required for shunt routes. There are also railways, where interlocked routes are only required for train movements, while shunting movements are carried out without protection by the interlocking system. This is especially typical for ancient German interlocking systems. On North American railways where train movements are not as strongly separated from shunting movements, the same interlocked routes may be used both for train and shunting movements. A train route starts always at an interlocking signal (the entrance signal of the route). The exit of a route can be:

在轨道上，列车运行的信号与调车运行的信号是区分开的（主信号与调车信号）。列车运行

的联锁进路也被认为是与调车运行的联锁进路相区分的，列车进路中的某些要求在调车进路中是无效的。所以，一个调车进路可以控制一个调车运行进入一个已被占用的轨道区段。同时在调车进路中侧面防护通常也不被要求。（侧面防护：为禁止在汇合轨道上的不被允许的列车运行而进行的防护）。也有一些轨道交通中，联锁进路只在列车运行中被要求，而调车运行可以在无联锁系统防护的情况下执行。这在以前德国联锁系统中是很典型的，而在北美的轨道交通中，列车运行与调车运行的区分并不是很清晰，列车与调车运行可以使用同一个联锁进路。一个列车进路的始端通常是一个联锁信号机（入口信号机或进路）。而进路的终端可以是：

?Another interlocking signal (the exit or destination signal of the route),

?另一个联锁信号机（出口信号机或目标信号机）

?The end of the interlocking or home signal limits.

?联锁区段的终点或是进站信号机界限

Interlocked routes with an entrance and an exit signal are routes between successive interlocking signals within the same interlocking or home signal limits (see Section 1.2). On railways where overlaps are required, even the points within the overlap behind the exit signal will be interlocked to the entrance signal (Figure 4.1 a). Because the clearance of the section between the entrance and the exit signal is checked by the interlocking system, this kind of an interlocked route also directly ensures a safe train separation. Thus, there is no need to install a block system between these signals.

有入口和出口信号机的进路是在连续的连锁信号机之间的进路，这些信号机有同样的联锁或进站信号区域（见1.2段）在有重叠的轨道区段，在出口信号机之后重叠区段内的道岔也要与入口信号机相联锁，因为在入口信号机和出口信号机之间的轨道区段的出清检测是由联锁系统进行的。这种联锁进路也直接确保了安全列车间隔，所以这些信号机之间不必再建立闭塞系统。

Interlocked routes with tile exit at the end of the interlocking or home signal limits govern train movements to leave these limits. Such a route cannot ensure a safe train separation. The route leads into a section of line that may be protected by a block system or by written or verbal instructions. On North American railways, the route will always end at a controlled signal facing in the opposing direction that limits the interlocking (Figure 4.1 b). Sometimes, this signal is called an “exit signal”at interlocked routes between adjacent interlocking signals of the same direction as explained above. On European railways, the exit of the route is a track section behind the last points of the route. As an essential difference to North American practice, this track section is not necessarily Associated with an opposing controlled signal.

在联锁信号或或进站信号区域末尾的地方有出口指示的联锁进路会控制列车运行通过这些区域。这样的进路无法保证安全列车间隔。这种进路的结果是使线路的一个区段，由闭塞系统或由书面与口头知识来保护，在北美的轨道交通中，进路的终端通常是一个面向反方向的受控信号机，这样来分界联锁。有时，这样的信号机被称为一个“出口信号机”，但是这个名称不应该与另一个“出口信号机”的用法混淆。第二个“出口信号机”，像之前已经解释的是在联锁进路中同方向的相邻的信号机之间的一个称法。在欧洲的轨道交通中，进路的出口是在进路最后一个道岔之后的一个轨道区段，与北美实践相比的一个基本区别是：这个轨道区段不必与反方向受控信号机相关联。

P102

4.3.1.1 cascade locking

In a cascade interlocking system a route is established by a locking cascade, which is effected by permanent and conditional locking between different points and between points and signals. A permanent locking between points and a signal is used when clearing the signal requires the points always in the same position. A conditional locking between points and a signal is used when the locking of some points by clearing the signals depends on the position of other points. This is used when the signal works as the entrance signal of different routes. Then, the positions of the facing points are the conditions for locking other points.

在一个级联锁闭系统中，一条进路是通过一个锁闭级联来建立的。锁闭级联的生效是通过在不同道岔和道岔与信号机之间的固定锁闭和条件锁闭来产生的。一个道岔与信号机之间的固定锁闭的使用条件是当出清信号机时要求道岔在同样的位置。一个道岔与信号机之间的条件锁闭的使用条件是通过出清信号机来锁闭道岔时需要依赖于其他道岔所处的位置。这会在信号机作为不同进路的始端信号工作时使用。而且，对向道岔的位置就是锁闭其他道岔的条件。

A permanent locking between points in form of a crosslock can be used when turning some points to reverse position will always require another points in only one position. Such permanent lockings between points were widely used in mechanical locking frames to reduce the number of locking system could also be designed without any permanent locking between points.

道岔之间通过交叉锁闭的形式形成的固定锁闭可以在要求另一个道岔只能处于一个位置时来转动一个道岔主反位时使用，这样的在道岔之间的固定锁闭被广泛适用于机械锁闭架来减少为不同进路进行锁闭的闭锁元件数量。但是，级联锁闭系统也可以被设计成无道岔间固定锁闭的形式。

P106

In a route-related interlocking system the implementation of swinging overlaps is quite complicated. That is why most railways which use route-related interlocking systems, do not use swinging overlaps. If different overlaps are provided behind an interlocking signal the operator will have to choose one these overlaps when clearing the interlocking signal in rear. After the signal has cleared the overlap cannot be changed until the route has been released.

在一个进路相关的联锁系统中，可变重叠区的启动是很复杂的。这就是许多使用进路相关联锁系统的轨道交通，但是不用可变重叠的原因。如果一个联锁信号机的后方提供了不同种类的重叠。驾驶员在清除后方联锁信号时，必须选择一个重叠，在信号出清之后重叠区还不能改变，必须要多到进路被解锁之后才可以。

In a tabular interlocking with track clear detection there are additional columns for the track sections which must be detected clear. The contents of the interlocking table may be directly transformed into the software of an electronic interlocking or into the wiring diagram of a relay interlocking. The internal logic of relay interlockings following this principle is also called “free wired” logic because every interlocking has its own special wiring according to the locking table. 在有轨道出清检测的表式联锁中，轨道区段有一个附加的专栏，也必须进行出清检测。联锁表的内容可以直接被翻译记录在电气化联锁的软件里，或是一个继电器联锁的配线圈，继电器联锁的内部逻辑在遵循这条规则时，也被叫做“自由布线”逻辑，因为每一个联锁单元根

据闭塞表可以有自己独特的配线法。

4.3.2 geographical interlocking

4.3.2站场联锁

In a geographical interlocking system the track elements (signals, points, derails ,track sections, entrance and exit points of routes ) are represented by logical objects connected to each other in form of the track layout (Figure 4.25). When a route is set up, the entrance and exit elements are marked and a search current is started from the entrance element of the route. At facing points the search current runs in both diverging tracks.

在一个站场联锁系统中，轨道元件（信号机、道岔、脱轨器、轨道区段、进路的始末道岔）会通过轨道布局的形式由相互连接的逻辑元件来表示。当一个进路被建立，始端与末端元件被标记，同时该进路的始端元件会释放一个找寻电流，在对向道岔处，电流会流经两条股道。The result is a tree structure of search currents. When one branch of the search current has found the exit element of the route a response current is sent back to the entrance element. At facing points the other branches of the search current are deleted.

这样的结果是找寻电流形成树形结构，当一条支路的找寻电流到达进路的终端元件时，一个应答电流会被释放，返回始端元件，在对向道岔处的找寻电流的其他支路会被清除。