翻译技巧

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翻译常用的八种技巧

翻译常用的八种技巧

翻译常用的八种技巧翻译常用的八种技巧1.重译法(repetition)2.增译法(amplification)3.减译法(omission)4.词类转移法(conversion)5.词序调整法(inversion)6.分译法(division)7.正说反译、反说正译法(negation)8.语态变换法(the change of the voices)第一节重译法(repetition)在翻译中,有时为了忠实于原文,不得不重复某些词语,否则就不能忠实地表达原文的意思。

这种反复使用某些词语于翻译的方法就叫重译法。

重译法实际上也是一种增词法,只不过所增加的是上文出现的词。

重译法有三个作用:一是为了明确;而是为了强调;三是为了生动。

一、为了明确,有时需要重复宾语。

在英语中,一句话里两个动词共用一个宾语,宾语只在第二个动词之后出现一次。

而在汉语中,这样的宾语要在每个动词后分别出现。

定语后的名词亦是如此。

如:1.We have to analyse and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。

2.I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I can not keep.我想吃什么就吃什么,想喝什么就和什么,眼睛睁不开了就睡觉。

3.人类利用自然科学去了解自然、改造自然。

People use naturalscience to understand and change nature.4.Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation oftenshowthemselves in its speech.民族的贵族倾向和民族倾向常在其言语中表现出来。

5.我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。

Let’s revise our safety andsanitary regulations.二、英语常用省略,但为了明确,也为了强调某些内容,在汉语中常常要将省去的部分重译出来。

英语翻译十大技巧

英语翻译十大技巧

英语翻译十大技巧在今天的全球化时代,英语已经成为了一种全球通用语言,无论是在学校、工作场所还是日常生活中,我们都需要使用英语。

而对于许多非英语母语的人来说,翻译成英语可能是一个具有挑战性的任务。

本文将介绍英语翻译的十大技巧,帮助您更好地应对这一任务。

一、理解原文在开始翻译之前,首先要确保对原文有一个清晰的理解。

仔细阅读原文,理解其中的意思、语境以及作者的写作目的。

只有通过深入理解原文,我们才能更好地传达原文中的信息。

二、根据上下文翻译时常我们会遇到一些具有多义性的词语,在翻译时需要根据上下文来进行选择合适的含义。

通过仔细分析句子所处的语境,我们可以更准确地翻译出这些词语的意思。

三、保持简洁明了英语一直以来都以简洁明了著称,翻译时也要尽量保持这种特点。

避免使用过于繁琐的句子结构和冗长的表达方式,保持句子的简洁性,能够使读者更容易理解所要传达的意思。

四、注意语法和拼写正确的语法和拼写是英语翻译中的关键。

犯下语法和拼写错误可能会导致误解和歧义。

要牢记英语的基本语法规则,仔细检查所翻译的内容,确保语法和拼写的正确性。

五、避免直译直译是一个常见的翻译错误。

有时,一个短语或句子在英语中的表达方式与原文完全不同。

在翻译时,应尽量避免直译,而是根据英语的表达习惯和习语来传达原文的含义。

六、了解文化差异英语的使用和表达方式在不同的文化背景下可能会有所不同。

在翻译时,要注意原文所处的文化背景,并尽可能将这种文化差异传达到译文中。

这样可以使译文更贴近原文的意思,同时也更容易被目标读者所理解。

七、重视语气和语调语气和语调在英语中承载了很多信息。

在翻译时,要尽量保留原文中的语气和语调,使译文更贴合原文的情感色彩。

这样可以使读者更加有身临其境的感受,更好地理解原文的意思。

八、遵循译者的道德准则作为翻译者,我们应该遵循译者的道德准则。

这包括尊重原文作者的原意,不添油加醋地篡改原文的含义,以及对译文进行客观和公正的表达。

我们应该始终忠实于原文,并尽力传达原文所要表达的意思。

汉译英翻译十大技巧

汉译英翻译十大技巧
【例6】一个好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜三者之间取得平衡。
译文: A good chef is always trying to seek balance among cereal, meat and vegetable.
解析:仔细分析发现,句中有两个动词,分别是“努力”和“取得”,而“取得”是“努力”的目的,故把“努力”处理为谓语动词,“取得…”作目的状语。整句的主干为“厨师努力去取得”,译作…chef is trying to seek
2.汉语多短句,英语多长句。汉语侧重语义,多用短句、分句来表达;英语多用长句及复合句,其结构通过时态、标点符号及关联词来表达。因此,汉译英往往需要对原文进行合译、增补词汇等。
3.汉语多重复,英语多替代。汉语由于结构较松散,常对名词进行重复,使语义更加清晰,对动词进行重复起增强语气的作用:而英语常使用代词、名词及do,do so或so do,so,as或其他词组来代替重复出现的部分。
3.用解释的方式。中文的习惯用语和四字成语是令大家头痛的难点,汉译英时,可分两步走:先用浅显易懂的中文对其进行解释,然后再将其转化为英文。
4.根据上下文中的某个表达翻译某些难译的词。四级考试所考查的段落翻译是就某个话题展开的,所以有时可以借用上下文一些相关的表达来译出一些难以直译的词。
【例9】他为人太过圆滑,所以没人喜欢他
【例11】历史上,小说作为一种文学形式经常被忽视和否定。尽管如此,对社会发展来说,小说起着不可磨灭的作用。
In history, novel, as a form of literature,
was often ignored and denied. In spite of these,to the development of society, novel has an

英汉互译八种技巧

英汉互译八种技巧

注意事项
保持原文的语义和语法正确
在直译过程中,要确保译文准确地传达了原文的语义和语法,避 免出现歧义或误解。
尊重原文的文化特色
直译法要尊重原文的文化特色,尽可能保留原文的文化信息,避免 因文化差异而引起的误解。
符合目标语言的表达习惯
尽管直译法强调保持原文的形式,但译文仍需符合目标语言的表达 习惯,以使读者能够更好地理解和接受。
注意事项
准确理解原文
在运用直译与意译结合法时,首 先要准确理解原文的意思,避免
因理解错误而导致翻译错误。
灵活调整词序
在直译与意译结合的过程中,需 要根据汉语的表达习惯灵活调整 英文原句的词序,使译文更加自
然流畅。
保持原文风格
在翻译过程中,要尽量保持原文 的风格和语言特色,如比喻、修 辞等,以使译文更加贴近原文。
注意事项
加注应当符合目标语言的表达习惯和规范,避免出现 语法错误或表达不当的情况。
加注应当简洁明了,避免过多的解释和说明,以免影 响读者的阅读体验。
加注应当尽可能地保留原文的信息和意义,避免出现 信息丢失或误解的情况。
THANKS FOR WATCHING
感谢您的观看
文的含义。
符合目标语言习惯
意译法要求译文符合目标语言的表 达习惯和语法规则,避免出现生硬 或不符合规范的语言表达。
保持原意不变
意译法的核心是保持原文意思不变, 因此在翻译过程中要特别注意保持 原意的完整性和准确性,避免出现 信息的遗漏或误解。
04
音意结合法
定义
• 音意结合法是指在进行英汉互译 时,将英文的发音和汉语的意义 结合起来,以达到准确传达原文 意思的目的。
和文化背景。
适用范围
当源语言与目标语言存在较大 的文化差异和语言结构差异时, 归化法可以发挥很好的作用。

英语 常用十大翻译技巧

英语 常用十大翻译技巧

英语常用十大翻译技巧常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。

这种方式多半用在汉译英里。

汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。

英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。

英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。

因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。

英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。

因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。

英语句子离不开介词和冠词。

另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。

总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。

如:(1)What about calling him right away?马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语)(2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)(3)Indeed, the reverse is true.实际情况恰好相反。

(增译名词)(4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。

Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)(5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。

英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧

英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧

英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧推荐首先是英文理解难,这是学习.使用英文的人的共同感觉,由于两国历史.文化.风俗习惯的不同,所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章,而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒.断断续续,极为别扭.二是中文表达难,英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇,往往被弄得头昏眼花,好像在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙,却没有.另外,英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高,因为我们所翻译的文章,其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域,而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情,如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话.正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难,所以,我们必须通过翻译实践,对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比.概况和总结,以找出一般的表达规律来,避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误,而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧.一.词义的选择和引伸技巧英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象.一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义.在英译汉的过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手:1.根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了. (形容词)He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理. (动词)Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦.燕麦等等皆系谷类. (名词) 2.根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义.He is the last man to come .他是最后来的.He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作.He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他.This is the last place where I e_pected to meet you .我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你.词义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一.翻译时,有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义,如果任意硬套或逐词死译,就会使译文生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至会造成误解.这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词的根本含义出发,进一步加以引伸,引伸时,往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑.1.词义转译.当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时,应根据上下文和逻辑关系,引伸转译.The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat.太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球.2.词义具体化.根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词.The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round theearth.最后一级火箭升得更高,把〝阿波罗号〞送进围绕地球运行的轨道.3.词义抽象化.根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中某些词义较具体的词引伸为词义较抽象的词,或把词义较形象的词引伸为词义较一般的词.Every life has its roses and thorns .每个人的生活都有甜有苦.二.词类转译技巧在英译汉过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同,就不能逐词对译,只能将词类进行转译之后,方可使译文显得通顺.自然;对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意.1.转译成动词.英语中的某些名词.介词.副词,翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词. The lack of any special e_cretory system is e_plained in a similar way.植物没有专门的排泄系统,可用同样的方式加以说明. (名词转译)As he ran out ,he forgot to have his shoes on .他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋子.2.转译成名词.英语中的某些动词.形容词,翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词.The earth on which we live is shaped a ball.我们居住的地球,形状像一个大球. (动词转译)The tor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded .医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员. (形容词转换)3.转译成形容词.英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词,以及某些形容词派生的名词,往往可转译成汉语中的形容词.另外,当英语动词转译成汉语名词时,原来修饰该动词的副词也往往随之转译成汉语中的形容词.It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water.使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的. (作表语的名词转译)The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man .太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响. (副词转译)4.转译成副词.英语中的某些名词.形容词,翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词.When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to winhim over with charm and humor .只要一发现有可能反对他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来. (名词转译)三.汉译的增词技巧英译汉时,按意义上.修辞上或句法上的需要加一些词,使译文更加忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容;但是,增加的并不是无中生有,而是要增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些词,这是英译汉中常用的的技巧之一.增词技巧一般分作两种情况.1.根据意义上或修辞上的需要,可增加下列七类词.Flowers bloom all over the yard .朵朵鲜花满院盛开. (增加表示名词复数的词)After the banquets ,the concerts and the table tennis e_hibitor ,he wenthome tiredly .在参加宴会.出席音乐会.观看乒乓球表演之后,他疲倦地回到了家里. (增加动词)He sank down with his face in his hands .他两手蒙着脸,一屁股坐了下去. (增加副词)I had known two great social systems .那是以前,他就经历过两大社会制度. (增加表达时态的词)As for me ,I didn’t agree from the very beginning .我呢,从一开始就不赞成.(增加语气助词)The article summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers,artificial satellites and rockets .本文总结了电子计算机.人造卫星和火箭这三方面的新成就. (增加概括词)2.根据句法上的需要增补一此词汇.Reading makes a full man ;conference a ready man ;writing an e_act man.读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确.(增补原文句子中所省略的动词) All bodies on the earth are known to possess weight.大家都知道地球上的一切物质都肯有重量. (增补被动句中泛指性的词)四.正反.反正汉译技巧正反.反正汉译技巧是指翻译时突破原文的形式,采用变换语气的办法处理词句,把肯定的译成否定的,把否定的译成肯定的.运用这种技巧可以使译文更加合乎汉语规范或修辞要求,且不失原意.这种技巧可分五个方面加以陈述.1.肯定译否定The above facts insist on the following conclusions .上述事实使人们不能不得出以下结论.2.否定译肯定She won’t go away until you promise to help her .她要等你答应帮助以后才肯走.3.双否定译肯定There can be no sunshine without shadow有阳光就有阴影.但是,如果翻译时保留英语原来的〝否定之否定〞的形式并不影响中文的流畅时,则应保留的目的还可突出原文中婉转的语气.如He is not unequalto the duty .他并非不称职.4.正反移位I don’t think he will come .我认为他不会来了.5.译为部分否定Not all minerals come from mines .并非所有矿物都来自矿山.Both of the substances do not dissolve in water.不是两种物质都溶于水.五.汉译的重复技巧重复技巧是英译汉中的一种必不可少的翻译技巧.由于英译汉时往往需要重复原文中的某些词才能使译文表达明确具体;又由于英汉语言结构不同,重复的手段和作用也往往不尽相同,大致可分为三种.1.为了明确I had e_perienced o_ygen and /or engine trouble.我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备了故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障(重复名词)Under ordinary conditions of pressure ,water becomes ice at C and steamat100C.在常压下,水在摄氏零度时变成冰,在摄氏一百度时变成蒸汽. (重复动词)A locality has its own over-all interest ,a nation has another and theearth get another.一个地方有一个地方的全局,一个国家有一个国家的全局,一个地球有一个地球的全局(重复谓语部分)2.为了强调He wandered along the street ,thinking and thinking brooding andbrooding.他在街头游来荡去,想了又想,盘算了又盘算.3.为了生动While stars and nebulae look like specks or small patches of light . theyare really enormous bodies.星星和星云看起来只是斑点点,或者是小片的光,但它们确实是巨大的天体.六.倒译技巧英汉词句组成和排列的顺序千差万别,因此英译汉时作些调整,颠倒一下顺序,则是一种极为常见的翻译技巧,这种翻译技巧共分五种类型.1.复合句倒译技巧.复合句倒译可分为部分倒译和完全倒译两种技巧.This university 6 newly _established faculties ,namely .Electronic Computer,High Energy Physics ,Laser ,Geo-physics ,Remote Sensing, and GeneticEngineering.这所大学现在有电子计算机.高能物理.激光.地球.物理.遥感技术.遗传工程等六个新建的专业. (部分倒译)Many laws of nature actually e_ist in nature though they have not yet beendiscovered.虽然许多自然规律还没被发现,但是它们确实在自然界中存在. (完全倒译)2.被动句倒译的技巧.被动句倒译时,有时可将被动句倒译成主动句,有时可将状语倒译成主语.The structure of an atom can be accurately described though we cannot seeit.虽然我们看不见原子结构,但能准确地描述它. (被动句倒译成主动句)Table tennis is played all over China .中国到处都打乒乓球. (状语倒译成主语)3.以否定型副词或条件副词开头的句子的部分倒译技巧.能引起这种倒译的副词有no ,never ,hardly ,no longer . in noway ,not until ,not even ,only等.Never before have I read such an interesting book .我从来没有读过这样有趣的书.4.带有介词短语句子的部分倒译技巧These date will be of some value in our research work .这些资料对于我们的研究工作有些价值.5.习语的倒译技巧.习语的倒译可分为按照汉语的固定顺序倒译和从轻重上加以区分进行倒译以及逆时间顺序进行倒译三种技巧.For its last 600 miles the Yellow River flows eastwards through the flat ,fertile ,North China Plain ,which is densely populated.黄河最后的六百英里,向东流过平坦肥沃.人口密集的华北平原. (按照汉语的固定顺序倒译)Heal the wounded ,rescue the dying ,practice revolutionaryhumanitarianism.救死扶伤,实行革命的人道主义. (以轻重上区分进行倒译)We have to be quick of eye and deft of hand .我们必须眼疾手快. (逆时间顺序倒译)七.句子成份的转译技巧英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,在具体英译汉时,有时往往需要转换一下句子成分,才能使译达到逻辑正确.通顺流畅.重点突出等目的.句子成分转译作为翻译的一种技巧,其内容和形式都比较丰富,运用范围也相当广泛,共包括五个方面的内容.1.主语转译技巧,可以将句子的主语转译成汉语中的定语.宾语.状语等.The wings are responsible for keeping the sir plane in the air.机翼的用途是使飞机在空中保持不坠. (转译成定语)To get all the stages off the ground ,a first big push is needed.为了使火箭各级全部离开地面,需要有一个巨大的第一次推力. (转译成宾语) Machinery has made the products of manufactories very much cheaper thanformerly.因为机械的缘故,工厂里出的产品比起以前来,价格便宜多了. (转译成状语)2.谓语转译技巧.可以将谓语转译成定语.Radar works in very much the same way as the flashlight.雷达的工作原理和手电筒极为相同.3.宾语转译技巧.可以将宾语转译成主语.Automatic lathes perform basically similar functions but apper in avaritety of forms.各种自动车床的作用基本相同,但形式不同4.定语转译技巧.定语可以转译成谓语和状语.Neutron has a mass slightly larger than that of proton.中子的质量略大于质子的质量. (转译成谓语)Scientists in that county are now supplied with necessarybooks ,epuipmentand assistant ,that will ensure success in their scientific research.现在已给该县科学家提供了必要的图书.仪器和助手,以保证科研工作的成功. (转译成状语)5.状语转译技巧.状语转译一般指的是状语从句的转译.它可分作把时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句,把地点状语从转译成条件状语从句和把原因状语从句转译成困果偏正复句中的主语等三种形式.These three colors ,red ,green ,and violet ,when combined ,produced white.红色.绿色和紫色这三种颜色如果合在一起就变成白色. (时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句)Where there is nothing in the path of beam of light ,nothing is seen.如果光束通道上没有东西,就什么也看不到. (地点状语从句转译成条件状语从句)Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to hisopinion.他深信这件事正确可靠,因此坚持已见. (原因状语从句转译成因果偏正复合句中的主句)八.分句.合句汉译技巧英译汉时,由于两种语言的句子结构大不相同而往往需要改变一下句子结构以适应于汉语的表达习惯.采用分句.合句进行翻译的作法正是为了达到这种目的而运用的一种重要技巧.所谓分句,就是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子;所谓合名,就是指把原文的两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句.运用这种分句.合句的汉译技巧可以使译文层次分明,更合乎于汉语的表达习惯.分句流译的技巧共分五种类型,合句汉译的技巧共分三种类型.先谈谈分句汉译技巧的五种类型.1.主语分句汉译技巧.A man spending twelve days on the moon would find ,on returning to theearth ,that a year had passed by already.一个人如果在月亮上度过了十二天,回到地球以后就会发现一年已经过去了.2.谓语分句汉译技巧.It goes without saying that o_ygen is the most active element in theatmosphere.不言而喻,氧气是大气中最活泼的元素.3.定语分句汉译技巧He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to twopounds each.他居然种出了二百个奇迹般的西红柿,每个重达两磅.4.状语分句汉译技巧Sunrays filtered in wherever they could ,driving out darkness and chokingthe shadows.阳光射入了它所能透过的地方,赶走了黑暗,驱散了幽影.5.同位语分句汉译技巧.Mary normally a timid girl ,argued heated with them about it.玛丽平常是个腼腆的姑娘,现在也热烈地和他们辩论起来._年翻译资格考试三级口译模拟题1. The average age of people in the countryside is increasing, while thatof the cities is falling. More old people stay in the countryside than youngpeople and the opposite is true in the cities.译文:农村人口的平均年龄正处于上升趋势,而在城市却正好相反.原因是在农村老年人要比年轻人多,城市正好相反.解析:本句难度适中,只需要按照句子的逻辑顺序将句子信息陈列出来即可.此外,本句无明显生词.2. One important reason for the move to cities has to do with quality oflife issues: comfort and convenience. For e_ample, most of us would like ourchildren to receive the better education, and cities often offer betterschools.译文:〝进城热〞与生活水平问题息息相关.人们向往城市舒适方便的生活.就像我们大部分人都想子女能够接收到更好的教育,而城市通常就有教育质量更好的学校.解析:在做本句翻译时需要注意在前半句适当地增译一些信息,如在comfort and convenience 处需要加上move to thecities的主语〝人们〞.后半句难度不大,直译即可.3. Most burglars are opportunist, looking for an easier break-in. So don’tmake things simply for them. Don’t advertise the fact that you are out or away,or be careless about security.译文:大部分的窃贼都是投机分子,他们会寻找最方便快捷的〝翻.墙入室〞的机会.所以不要给他们可乘之机.不要嚷嚷着让别人都知道你不在家,也不要太精选大意而忽略了安全问题.解析:本句句型不复杂,需要注意几个词语的译法,如opportunist本来是〝机会主义者〞,在这里用于形容burglars身上,需要相应地翻译成贬义词〝投机分子〞;此外,don’tmake things simply for them可以用成语〝可乘之机〞概括,这些需要同学平时多做翻译练习积累,在会在临考时马上反应出来.4. Researchers from the University of Copenhagen and the University ofIceland said ash particles from the early part of the volcanic eruption areespecially abrasive, posing a possible threat to aircraft engines.译文:来自哥本哈根大学和冰岛大学的研究者们表示早些时候火山爆发遗留的火山灰摩擦度非常高.这可能对飞机的引擎产生威胁.解析:本句句型简单,但生词较多,需要考生抓注意些重点词汇理解.如:volcanic eruption 是表示〝火山爆发〞, abrasive表示〝磨损的〞.考生在遇到不会的单词时也不用过于慌张,一般句子中包含大量专业词汇句意都比较简单,可凭上下文进行推测.5. Lack of sanitation leads to wide spread of contamination of drinkingwater. Recent statistics say water-associated infectious diseases claim up to3.2million lives each year, appro_imately 6 percent all death globally.译文:不注意环境卫生会导致饮用水大规模受污染.近期的数据显示与饮用水有关的可传染性疾病每年可导致320万人失去生命,这个数字接近每年全球死亡人数的6%.解析:本句的主题是高口中常考的环境问题,全句无复杂结构,考生需要保证数字听译的准确性.本句中有出现两处数字,要求考生掌握数字速记的方法.contamination :污染infectious :传染的,有传染性的appro_imately :大约_年翻译资格考试三级口译模拟题The term 〝American dream〞 is widely used today. But what e_actly does thisconcept mean? Where does the term come from? Has the meaning of the term changedover time? Questions like these can complicate a seemingly simple term and leadus to an even more important question: is the American dream a myth or a realitytoday?The term 〝American dream〞 began to be widely used in _67. The term wasused in a famous novel written by Horatio Alger. The novel, Ragged Dick, was a〝rags to riches〞 story about a little boy who was orphaned and lived in NewYork. The boy saved all his pennies, worked very hard, and eventually becamerich. The novel sent the message to the American public that anyone couldsucceed in America if they were honest, worked hard, and showed determination tosucceed. No matter what your background, no matter where you were from, nomatter if you had no money or no family, hard work and perseverance would alwayslead to success.Today, the message from Alger’s novel is still a prevalent one in thiscountry. It is still used to define the American dream. A very basic definitionof the American dream is that it is the hope of the American people to have abetter quality of life and a higher standard of living than their parents. Thiscan mean that each generation hopes for better jobs, or more financial security,or ownership of land or a home.However, new versions and variations of the American dream have surfacedsince Alger’s novel was published. For one thing, the basic definitionI stateda moment ago —the idea that Americans are always seeking to improve theirlifestyle — also suggests that each generation wants more than the previousgeneration had. Some people would argue that this ever-increasing desire toimprove the quality of one’s life may have started out on a smaller scale in thepast, but today has led to an out-of-control consumerism and materialism. Another more benign view of the American dream is that it is about thedesire to create opportunities for ourselves, usually through hard work.Ahallmark of the American dream, some would argue, is the classic〝self-starter,〞the person who starts out with very little in life—little money, few friends,few opportunities—and works hard to make his or her way in the world. A classice_ample of this type of American dreamer would be former president AbrahamLincoln, who was born in a log cabin, was largely self-educated, and yet workedhis way up in the world to eventually become a United States president. This view of the American dream has also been associated with immigrantsand their quests for a better life in a new country. Americans have long beenfascinated by immigrant stories, and many feel great pride about their ownfamilies who may have come from other countries, worked very hard, and created abetter life for future generations.The American dream has also, historically, been associated with westwarde_pansion in this country. Throughout most of the _00s, the notion of thefrontier—a vast e_panse of largely unclaimed land in the West—symbolized newopportunities and a fresh start to people. Many a dreamer set off for the Westin search of land, jobs, gold, or other opportunities, often with ne_t tonothing in his pocket. Unfortunately, this idea of new opportunities in the Westhad a negative side.The American West was not unpopulated; Native American Indians already lived there, along with other immigrant groups, and these people were oftendisplaced — or met with violence — if they interfered with the visions or ideasof westward-migrating Americans.A more recent interpretation of the American dream has to do with equality.Civil rights activists such as Dr. Martin Luther King Junior, used some of therhetoric associated with the American dream to urge people to work for equalopportunities for all Americans, not just some Americans. A harsh reality wasbecoming clear to some people, especially in the _60s and _70s: not everyone had the same opportunities. If people were denied jobs, education, or otheropportunities because of their race, ethnic background, or gender, was the American dream only a myth?英语翻译。

翻译的八大常用技巧

翻译的八大常用技巧

作用与意义1. 重译法:为了明确、为了强调、为了生动2. 增译法:为了更忠实于原文的意思,而又更合乎译文的表达习惯3. 减译法:源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法4. 词类转移法:语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变,词序有时也随之变化5. 词序调整法:语言之间构成形式并非完全相同,做必不可少的词序改变6. 分译法:主要用于长句的翻译,有时存在于词语语义的分译7. 正反翻译法:由于语言的习惯差异---正话反说,反话正说8. 语态变换法:主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal.一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭,因而处于战争状态时,缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。

We have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。

A large family has its difficulties.大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。

Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold.这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具,当的当了,卖的卖了。

Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.舟遥遥以轻扬,风飘飘而吹衣。

英语翻译的十大技巧

英语翻译的十大技巧

英语翻译的十大技巧英语翻译的十大技巧一、增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。

这种方式多半用在汉译英里。

汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。

二、省译法:这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。

增译法的例句反之即可。

三、转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。

具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。

在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。

在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。

在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。

四、拆句法和合并法:这是两种相对应的翻译方法。

拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。

汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。

所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。

这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。

五、正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。

所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。

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翻译技巧1998年元月13日巧媳妇难为无米之炊:You can't get something out of nothing.1998年1月3日关于"用"的不同译法with sth.侧重于用什么工具(常用一些)in sth.常侧重于用什么材料,但也能表示用工具或方式(常用)by sth.侧重于行为,采用的方式、手段等(常用)to use(常用)from 使用的角度(常用)over sth.(不常用)on sth.(常用)怎样翻译“ Li is now with his wife in London; it is already four years since he was a bandmaster.”?李和他爱人住在伦敦,他担任乐队指挥已经四年了。

(Wrong)(原因)since从句中的过去式联系动词was/were指一种状态的结束。

因此不是“已经担任”而是“已经不担任”,所以这句应译为:李和他爱人住在伦敦,他不担任乐队指挥已经四年了。

(Right)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1997年12月28日1. 怎样翻译“我十点整会在那儿等你”?I'll wait for you there at exactly ten o'clock. (Wrong)(原因)当我们要强调延误或者时间过去的概念时,可以用wait (for),经常用以表示某人太早到,或者事物来迟。

但是语气中不含这层意思时,就要用expect,单纯表示我们知道某事将会发生。

所以这句应该译为:I'll expect you there at exactly ten o'clock. (Right)2. 天下有一知己,可以不恨。

One dies without regret if there is one in the whole world who "knows his heart".习语的翻译途径1、避而不译,绕过难点;36计走为上计:make oneself scarce2、用异语文化替代原语文化;班门弄斧: Teach one's grandmother to suck eggs3、直译加注,传达形象;东施效颦:"Tung Shih imitaging His Shih"* His Shih was a famous beauty in the ancient kingdomof Yueh. Tung Shih was an ugly girl who tried to imitate her ways."4、直译,保持形象;姜太公钓鱼,愿者上钩:Like Chiang Tai Kung fishing, they have case the line for the fish who want to be caught.5、直译加意译;象藏着神灯的山洞为阿拉丁打开了门。

What a door of an Aladdin's cave it seemed to be..6、在正文中引出典故情节.怎样问生肖或属相--您是属什么的?—Under what animal sign (or symbol) were you born?or—What animal sign were you born under?—我属猪。

— Mine is Boar.orI was born in the year of the Boar.——明年是什么年?—— What is next year's animal sign?—— It's the Tiger.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------十二生肖译名鼠Rat 牛Ox 虎Tiger 兔Hare 龙Dragon 蛇Serpent/ Snake马Horse 羊Sheep 猴Monkey 鸡Rooster 狗Dog 猪Boar关于"年轻人"的一些译法与区别YA:young adultthe young: 〈总称〉年轻人,青年young blood:〈总称〉年轻人,青年young fellow-me-lad: 吊儿郎当的年轻人young man: ①青年男子,年轻人;②男朋友,未婚夫young people: 12-24岁的青少年young person: 14至17岁的未成年人youngster: ①小伙子,年轻人②小孩,儿童younker: ①小伙子,年轻人②小孩,儿童youngling: 小伙子,年轻人younger :(常与物主代词连用)幼者,小辈,年龄较小的人springal: 小伙子,年轻人stripling: 青少年lad: 男青年lass: 青年女郎-----常用谚语A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.A fool and his money are soon parted.A good beginning makes a good ending.A jack of all trades is master of none.A miss is as good as a mile.A person is known by the company he keeps.A rolling stone gathers no moss.A stitch in time saves nine.Absence makes the heart grow fonder.Actions speak louder than words.All that glitters is not gold.All's well that ends well.Ask and you shall receive.Ask no questions and hear no lies.Birds of a feather flock together.Don't burn your bridges behind you.Don't change horses in midstream.Don't cross the bridge till you come to it.Doubt is the beginning, not the end, of wisdom.Every man has a price.Faith will move mountains.Familiarity breeds contempt.Forewarned is forearmed.Good fences make good neighbors.Half a loaf is better than none.He who lives by the sword shall die by the sword.History repeats itself.If the shoe fits, wear it.If you cannot stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.It's an ill wind that blows no good.It's not over till it's over.It's the early bird that gets the worm.It's the empty can that makes the most noise.It's the squeaky wheel that gets the grease.Make hay while the sun shines.Many hands make light work.Nature abhors a vacuum.Never judge a book by its cover.Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today. Opposites attract.Out of sight, out of mind.People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely.Still waters run deep.The more things change, the more they stay the same.The pen is mightier than sword.Too many cooks spoil the broth.Truth is stranger than fiction.Two heads are better than one.Variety is the spice of life.Waste not, want not.What will be, will be.You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it drink. You can't tell a book by its cover.You cannot teach an old dog new tricks.--------常用计量单位及换算方法Conversion Table温度 Temperature摄氏度-->华氏度:°F=℃×1.8+32华氏度-->摄氏度:℃=(0F—32)×5/9to convert ℃ to 0F multiply by 1.8 and add 32to convert 0F to ℃ subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 长度、距离及面积 Length, Distance & Area英寸-->厘米×2.54 inches to centimeters ×2.54厘米-->英寸×0.39 centimeters to inches ×0.39英尺-->米×0.30 feet to meters ×0.30米-->英尺×3.28 meters to feet ×3.28码-->米×0.91 yards to meters ×0.91米-->码×1.09 meters to yards ×1.09英里-->公里×1.61 miles to kilometers ×1.61公里-->英里×0.62 kilometers to miles ×0.62英亩-->公顷×0.40 acres to hectares ×0.40公顷-->英亩×2.47 hectares to acres ×2.47-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 重量 Weight盎司-->克×28.35 ounces to grams ×28.35克-->盎司×0.035 grams to ounces ×0.035磅-->千克×0.45 pounds to kilograms ×0.45千克-->磅×2.21 kilograms to pounds ×2.21英吨-->公斤×1016 British tons to kilograms ×1016美吨-->公斤×907 US tons to kilograms ×907--------------------------------------------------------------------------------容积 Volume英国加仑-->升×4.55 imperial gallons to liters ×4.55升-->英国加仑×0.22 liters to imperial gallons ×0.22美国加仑-->升×3.79 US gallons to liters ×3.79升-->美国加仑×0.26 liters to US gallons ×0.26----------浅谈国际贸易中商标的翻译商品的商标如同人的名字,是代表商品的符号,并随着商品交流的扩大而声名远扬。

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