蒽醌法双氧水生产英文工艺流程翻译
制药工艺流程 英文
制药工艺流程英文《Pharmaceutical Production Process》Pharmaceutical production process, also known as pharmaceutical manufacturing, involves a series of steps and activities to produce a final pharmaceutical product that meets the required quality standards and regulatory requirements. The process begins with the discovery of a new drug molecule or the identification of a potential drug candidate. Once a drug candidate is selected, the pharmaceutical production process begins.The first step in the pharmaceutical production process is the development of the drug formulation. This involves the creation of a stable and effective dosage form for the drug, such as a tablet, capsule, or liquid solution. Formulation development also includes the selection of excipients, which are the inactive ingredients that are used to create the final dosage form.Once the drug formulation is developed, the next step is to manufacture the drug product. This involves the actual production of the dosage form in a pharmaceutical manufacturing facility. The manufacturing process may include activities such as mixing, granulation, compression, coating, and packaging.After the drug product is manufactured, it undergoes a series of quality control tests to ensure that it meets the required quality standards. These tests may include checks for assay, impurities, dissolution, and microbiological contamination. Once the drug product passes all quality control tests, it is ready for distribution and sale to patients.Throughout the pharmaceutical production process, regulatory requirements and good manufacturing practices (GMP) must be followed to ensure that the drug product is safe, effective, and of high quality. This includes maintaining a clean and sanitary manufacturing environment, conducting regular equipment and facility maintenance, and keeping detailed documentation of all production activities.In conclusion, the pharmaceutical production process is a complex and highly regulated series of steps that are essential for the production of safe and effective drug products. From drug formulation development to manufacturing and quality control testing, each step plays a crucial role in ensuring that the final drug product meets the required quality standards and regulatory requirements.。
蒽醌法过氧化氢生产原理讲座提纲
一、蒽醌法过氧化氢生产原理讲座
4、萃取工序(extraction)原理
4、1 工艺原理：多级二元互不溶逆流萃取。
全塔物料衡算：RXf+EY0=RXN+EY1 (1)
对第I级衡算：RXf + EYi= RXi+ EY1 (2)
式中：Xf：氧化效率，XN：萃余，Y1：萃取液浓度，R:氧化液流量，E:萃取液流量，Y0:萃取剂中过氧化氢浓度浓度
由（1）式：
Y1=(R/E)(Xf-XN)+Y0
对纯水来说，Y0=0 ；对27.5%过氧化氢来说，Y1=320 g/L
可见，氧化效率越高，萃余越低。
由（2）式：
Yi= (R/E)（(Xf-Xi)+ Y0，此式称为操作线方程。
由分配系数定义：Yi= m（(Xf-Xi)+ Y0，此式称为平衡线方程。
4、2 工艺流程简述
4、2、1 流程简述
氧化液贮槽内的氧化液由氧化液泵经流量控制后打入萃取塔底部，与从塔顶部进入的纯水逆流接触，靠二者密度不同，氧化液由下向上漂浮，纯水由上向下连续流动。
萃取塔系不锈钢筛板塔，氧化液经每层筛板分散成细小液滴穿过连续水相后再凝聚，在萃取塔塔头与水沉降分离后溢流入萃余液分离器。
从萃余液分离器出来的分离掉水分的萃余液进入后处理岗位的工作液计量槽。
萃余液分离器分离出来的水分排入地下槽。
从萃取塔底部出来的过氧化氢水溶液，称为萃取液。
萃取液进入净化塔，净化塔是一个填料塔，过氧化氢水溶液从净化塔的顶部进入，与塔内重芳烃充分接触，除去水相中的有机物，达到脱色和脱碳目的后，从塔底部流出，经稀品分离器自动分离出可能含有的少量芳烃后靠位差进入双氧水产品罐区。
分离出的芳烃溢流至废芳烃受槽。
1。
过氧化氢的工艺流程
过氧化氢的工艺流程英文回答：The process of producing hydrogen peroxide involves several key steps. The first step is the anthraquinone process, which starts with the oxidation of 2-ethylanthraquinone to form 2-ethylanthraquinone hydroperoxide. This is then reduced to form hydrogen peroxide and 2-ethylanthraquinol. The second step is the autoxidation process, which involves the direct oxidation of hydroquinone to form hydrogen peroxide.In the anthraquinone process, the 2-ethylanthraquinone is first dissolved in a solvent and then mixed with air and a catalyst. The mixture is then heated to promote the oxidation reaction, which forms the 2-ethylanthraquinone hydroperoxide. This intermediate is then mixed with a reducing agent, such as hydrogen, to form hydrogen peroxide and 2-ethylanthraquinol.In the autoxidation process, hydroquinone is mixed with air and a catalyst and then heated to promote the oxidation reaction, which directly forms hydrogen peroxide.Both processes require careful control of temperature, pressure, and catalyst concentration to ensure high yields of hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide produced is then purified and concentrated before being used in various industrial applications.中文回答：生产过氧化氢的工艺涉及几个关键步骤。
蒽醌法生产双氧水反应方程式
蒽醌法生产双氧水反应方程式1. 介绍在化学工业中，生产双氧水的方法有很多种，其中蒽醌法是一种常见的方法。
这种方法的反应原理是将蒽醌与过氧化氢反应生成双氧水。
本文将详细介绍蒽醌法生产双氧水的反应方程式及其相关知识。
2. 蒽醌法的原理蒽醌法是一种通过蒽醌与过氧化氢反应制备双氧水的方法。
蒽醌（anthraquinone）是一种有机化合物，其分子式为C14H8O2。
过氧化氢（hydrogen peroxide）则是一种常用的氧化剂，化学式为H2O2。
蒽醌法生产双氧水的原理如下：1.首先，将蒽醌溶解在醋酸中，形成蒽醌醋酸溶液。
2.然后，向蒽醌醋酸溶液中加入过氧化氢。
3.过氧化氢与蒽醌发生氧化还原反应，生成双氧水和蒽醌醋酸盐。
4.最后，将反应混合物经过一系列的处理和提纯，得到纯度较高的双氧水产物。
3. 反应方程式蒽醌法生产双氧水的反应方程式如下：C14H8O2 + H2O2 → 2H2O + C14H8O2醋酸盐通过观察反应方程式，我们可以看到，蒽醌和过氧化氢反应生成了双氧水和蒽醌醋酸盐。
这个反应是一个氧化还原反应，其中蒽醌被还原，过氧化氢被氧化。
4. 实验条件和注意事项在进行蒽醌法生产双氧水的实验时，需要注意以下几点：1.反应溶液的浓度和温度对反应速率有影响，需要根据实际情况进行调整。
2.反应容器与溶液中的物质应选择耐腐蚀性能较好的材料，以防反应过程中产生腐蚀或污染。
3.在操作过程中，应注意安全，避免接触皮肤和眼睛，避免摄入。
5. 蒽醌法与其他方法的比较蒽醌法是生产双氧水的常用方法之一，与其他方法相比具有以下特点：1.蒽醌法相对简单，原料易得，工艺较为成熟，投资成本相对较低。
2.反应条件温和，无需过高的温度和压力。
3.产物纯度较高，产品质量较稳定。
6. 应用领域双氧水是一种重要的化学品，在生活和工业中有广泛的应用。
蒽醌法生产的双氧水也在多个领域得到应用，例如：1.医疗领域：双氧水在医疗和卫生领域中用作消毒剂、漂白剂等。
粗品肝素工艺流程英文版
粗品肝素工艺流程英文版Crude Heparin Production Process.1. Raw Material Collection.Raw heparin is obtained from the mucosal lining of the small intestines of slaughtered animals, primarily pigs and cattle. The intestines are collected fresh and stored in a cold environment to prevent spoilage.2. Extraction.The extraction process involves digesting theintestinal mucosa with an alkaline solution, typically sodium hydroxide. This breaks down the tissue and releases the heparin. The resulting mixture is then filtered to remove solids.3. Precipitation.The filtered extract is acidified to precipitate the heparin. The acid, usually hydrochloric acid, neutralizes the alkaline solution, causing the heparin to forminsoluble precipitates. These precipitates are collected by centrifugation.4. Purification.The heparin precipitates are dissolved in water and further purified through a series of steps, including:Deproteinization: The heparin solution is treated with enzymes, such as papain, to remove proteins.Ion Exchange Chromatography: The solution is passed through an ion exchange resin, which selectively binds impurities.Gel Filtration: The solution is passed through a gel filtration column, which separates the heparin molecules based on their size.5. Concentration.The purified heparin solution is concentrated by ultrafiltration or lyophilization. Ultrafiltration uses a semipermeable membrane to remove water and other small molecules. Lyophilization involves freezing the solution and then subliming the water under vacuum.6. Precipitation and Drying.The concentrated heparin solution is further precipitated with an alcohol, such as isopropanol or ethanol. This step removes residual impurities and produces a crystalline heparin precipitate. The precipitate is collected by filtration and dried to obtain crude heparin.7. Characterization.The crude heparin is analyzed to determine its purity and activity. Parameters such as molecular weight distribution, anticoagulant activity, and contamination levels are assessed.8. Packaging and Storage.Crude heparin is typically packaged in sealed containers and stored under controlled conditions to maintain its stability. It serves as the starting material for further processing and purification to produce pharmaceutical-grade heparin.Additional Notes:Heparin is a complex polysaccharide with a wide range of molecular weights and structures. The properties of crude heparin vary depending on the source animal and extraction conditions.Crude heparin exhibits anticoagulant activity due to its ability to bind to and inhibit thrombin, a key enzyme in blood clotting.The purification process significantly reducesimpurities and ensures the safety and efficacy of the final heparin product.。
双氧水工艺流程英文版
双氧水工艺流程英文版The production process of hydrogen peroxide involves several key steps, starting with the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water and hydrogen peroxide. This initial reaction takes place in a reactor vessel at high pressure and temperature, facilitated by a catalyst such as platinum. The resulting mixture is then condensed and purified to remove any remaining water, as well as to separate out any unreacted hydrogen and oxygen.Once the hydrogen peroxide has been purified, it undergoes further processing to increase its concentration and stability. This typically involves distillation and/or pressure-swing adsorption, which serve to remove any remaining impurities and water while concentrating the hydrogen peroxide to the desired level. After concentration,stabilizers may be added to the hydrogen peroxide to preventits decomposition and extend its shelf life.The final step in the production process is packaging and storage. The concentrated and stabilized hydrogen peroxide is transferred to storage tanks or drums, ready for shipment to customers or for further processing into various end products. Throughout the entire production process, strict quality control measures are in place to ensure the purity, concentration, and stability of the hydrogen peroxide.In conclusion, the production of hydrogen peroxide is a complex and multi-step process that requires carefulattention to detail and stringent quality control. From the initial reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to the finalpackaging and storage of the finished product, each stage of the process plays a crucial role in ensuring the high quality and purity of the hydrogen peroxide that is ultimately delivered to customers.。
过氧化氢的工艺流程
过氧化氢的工艺流程过氧化氢的工艺流程的英文和中文描述如下：英文描述：The production process of hydrogen peroxide typically begins with the preparation of raw materials, primarily hydrogen and oxygen gases, which are often separated from air using cooling or adsorption methods. Subsequently, these gases are mixed in a controlled proportion, typically 1:1, and then introduced into a reactor in the presence of a catalyst such as silver or platinum. The reaction takes place under controlled temperature and pressure conditions, typically within the range of 0-30 degrees Celsius and 1-10 atmospheres, respectively. Following the reaction, the product is separated from unreacted gases and impurities through a series of steps including cooling, depressurization, and filtration. The resulting hydrogen peroxide then undergoes further purification processes such as distillation to enhance its purity before being stored for future use.中文描述：过氧化氢的生产工艺通常始于原料的准备，主要是氢气和氧气，这些气体通常通过冷却法或吸附法从空气中分离出来。
蒽醌法生产双氧水生产工艺
蒽醌法生产双氧水生产工艺蒽醌法是一种常用的生产双氧水的方法，它通过蒽醌与过氧化氢反应，得到双氧水和蒽醌酮的产品。
本文将介绍蒽醌法生产双氧水的工艺流程和关键步骤，使读者对该工艺有一个清晰的了解。
一、工艺流程蒽醌法生产双氧水的工艺流程可以分为以下几个步骤：1. 原料准备：将蒽醌和过氧化氢作为主要原料准备好。
蒽醌是有机合成中常用的化学中间体，而过氧化氢则是氧化剂，用于促进反应发生。
2. 反应器配置：将反应器准备好，根据生产需要，调整反应器的体积和操作参数，确保反应器能够容纳所需的原料和产物，并满足反应的热力学条件。
3. 反应：将蒽醌和过氧化氢加入反应器中，控制温度和搅拌速度，使其进行反应。
反应过程中需要注意温度的控制，以避免产生副反应和安全事故的发生。
4. 分离：反应结束后，将反应物进行分离。
通常采用离心、蒸馏等方法将双氧水与蒽醌酮分离。
5. 精制：对分离得到的双氧水进行精制处理，消除杂质和残余的蒽醌酮，得到高纯度的双氧水。
6. 包装和贮存：对精制的双氧水进行包装，符合贮存和运输要求，确保产品的安全性和稳定性。
二、关键步骤在蒽醌法生产双氧水的工艺中，有几个关键步骤需要特别注意：1. 原料质量：原料的质量直接影响反应的效果和产物的质量。
蒽醌和过氧化氢的纯度和含水量需要满足一定要求，以确保反应的进行和产物的得到。
2. 反应条件控制：反应条件的控制包括温度、搅拌速度、反应时间等方面。
温度过高或者反应时间过长都可能导致副反应的发生，影响产物的纯度和产率。
3. 安全措施：蒽醌法生产双氧水涉及到过氧化氢，这是一种有较强氧化性的物质，具有一定的危险性。
在操作过程中，需要严格遵守安全操作规程，采取必要的防护措施，确保操作人员的安全。
4. 产物分离和精制：对产物进行分离和精制是获得高纯度双氧水的关键步骤。
选择适当的分离方法和精制工艺，能够有效去除杂质，提高双氧水的纯度。
三、工艺优势蒽醌法生产双氧水具有以下几个优势：1. 生产成本低：蒽醌法生产双氧水的原料价格相对较低，生产工艺也相对简单，因此可以有效降低生产成本。
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1AO Process descriptionWork solution (WS) is pumped into filters to remove solid impurity, and then is preheated (or cooled) by going through heat exchanger and preheater. Hydrogen, which comes from chlor-alkali plant, is purified by filter, and then gets into hydrogenator with WS at the same time.The hydrogenator is consisted of three palladium catalyst beds, and each section has gas and liquid distributer. The distributer can make the gas and liquid those get into the towerwell-distributed. Any section of the three beds can be used alone or two sections in series and three parts at the same time (in series) if necessary, which bases on the need of process and hydrogenate efficiency and activity of palladium catalyst. When two sections of the hydrogenater are used in series, the WS and hydrogen first get into the top of upper section, and then go through the palladium bed in concurrent downwards. After that, both the two flow out from the bottom of the upper section and then get into the top of down section by pipe outside the tower. The WS and hydrogen (not reacted) flow out from the bottom of the down section and then go into hydrogenater degasser.Hydrogenated WS (HWS) and the not reacted hydrogen, which together come out from the hydrogenator, go into hydrogenator degasser. The gas flows out from the top, and then gets into condenser. Condensate goes into receiver tank, and off gas is exhausted after controlling the flow by flow meter.Determined level of the degasser is controlled by auto valve. 10% HWS2first gets into alumina bed, and then together with other 90% HWS go through filters to remove solid impurity. After that, HWS going through heat exchanger and then gets into tank.Little hydrogen or other gases, which dissolve in the HWS, resolve in the tank. The gases then go into condenser, and are exhausted by evacuation water seal and flame arrester.Part of the hydrogenated WS, which flows out from the hydrogenator degasser, is pumped back into the hydrogenator. This can make the temperature of the tower well-distributed, and hydrogenated efficiency steady and operation safe. Hydrogenated WS (HWS) and phosphoric acid are pumped into HWS cooler, in which the temperature of HWS is cooled downto 50～55℃, and then both get into upper part of oxidizer. The HWS is stored in HWS tank, and the phosphoric acid is storedin phosphoric acid mixing tank. Phosphoric acid is pumped bymetering pump.There are three hollow sections of the oxidizer and the air is introduced into the tower from the bottom of middle and lower sections separately. The air is distributed into small bubble by gas distributor. Air flow based on oxidized efficiency and the concentration of oxygen in the off gas (normally is 6%-9%). Parts of or all the air, which is introduced into the middle and lower sections, flow into the bottom of the upper part of the oxidizer. The HWS and the air, which get into the bottom of the upper part, are concurrent upwards. HWS is partly oxidized and flows out from the top of the upper section and then gets into the bottom of the middle section. The HWS together with the fresh air are3concurrent upwards. The mixture of air and liquid, which flows out from the top of the upper section, gets into degasser to eliminate air. After that, the liquid gets into the bottom of the lower part and together with the fresh air are concurrent upwards. The mixture of air and liquid, which flows out from the top of the middle section, gets into degasser to eliminate air. Determinate level of the degasser is controlled by auto valve. Oxidized WS (OWS), after cooled by cooler, gets into tank, and then is pumped into the bottom of extractor. Off gas of theoxidizer gets into condenser, and then gas and condensate get into aromatic receiver drum. After that, the gas goes into off gas separator. Liquid is recovered into aromatic recover tank, and the off gas gets into handling unit after the pressure of the top of the tower is controlled by instrument. The temperature of the oxidizer is controlled by controlling flow of cooling water into U type pipe which is contained inside the tower.The oxidized WS, which contains H2O2, gets into the extractor from the bottom of the tower. It is dispersed by sieve plate and then floats upwards. Meanwhile, DMW with phosphoric acid is pumped to the top of the extractor from DMW mixing tank. The flow of the water is controlled by auto valve. The water flows downwards by downcome of the sieve plate, and the oxidized WS and water are countercurrent extraction.In this process, the water works as continuous phase and the oxidized WS as disperse phase. The concentration of H2O2 in DMW is getting higher as the water flows downwards and at last the water flows out from the bottom of the extractor (now the water is called extract). The extract gets into the top of4purification tower by potential difference. The concentration of H2O2 in the oxidized WS is getting lower as it floats upwards. Atlast, it flows out from the top of the extractor (now it is called raffinate).Purification column contains fillings and heavy aromatic. The extract, which gets into the purification column from the top of the column, is dispersed in the tower and flows downward. At the same time, heavy aromatic gets into the bottom of the purification column from the overhead aromatic tank by potential difference. The aromatic and the extract are countercurrent contact to eliminate organic impurity in H2O2. In this process, the heavy aromatic works as continuous phase while the extract as disperse phase. The H2O2, after purification, flows out from the bottom of the purification column and goes into crude H2O2 separator to eliminate aromatic that may be carried by H2O2. After that, the H2O2 goes into metering tank, in which it is blowed by air. And then, the H2O2 is pumped to packing or concentration procedure.The heavy aromatic, which flows out from the top of the purification column,enters into aromatic recovery tank. Attention, for safety consideration, before the aromatic is used for distillation or mixing of WS, it must be washed by DMW to eliminate H2O2 (the concentration of H2O2 must be below 0.15g/L). Raffinateflows out from the top of the extractor, and then goes into raffinate separator to eliminate water. After that, it goes through WS metering tank and then gets into the bottom of alkaline tower. The alkaline tower contains fillings and potassium carbonate solution (40% approximately) goes into the alkaline5tower form the top of the tower. In the alkaline tower, the H2O2 in the WS decomposes, and acid in the WS was neutralized. Besides, the water in the WS can also be further eliminated.The WS, which flows out from the top of the alkaline tower, goes into alkalisettler and then into alkali separator to eliminate potassium carbonate solution. After that, the WS enters into alumina bed which contains activated alumina. The alumina is used to recover anthraquinone degradation. And the potassium carbonate solution can also be absorbed by the alumina. The WS flows out from the top of the alumina bed and gets into WS tank. The WS is then pumped into hydrogenator and another circulation is started.2011-3-10。