通信工程专业英语 Unit 4：Common-Channel Signaling

合集下载

通信工程专业英语习题答案

通信工程专业英语习题答案练习参考答案第1单元信号与系统1．完形填空(1) band-limited, cutoff frequencies, to, between, the information rate is proportional to the bandwidth of the channel, on, to, by, by simply increasing the number of levels, noise will cause the receiver to mistake one level for another, no matter how elaborately the data is coded, between, theoretical maxima.(2) from, a loss of information , the twisted pair, addition of noise to the signal, depends on the signal frequency, the high-frequency components of the signal, over, between, through, of, with, including.(3) for, to, In some cases, over, (microwave relay, coaxial cable, or fiber), ADC, to, thereby achieving a reduction in required channel bandwidth, of, signal recovery, (Techniques such as filtering, auto-correlation and convolution).2．英汉互译(1) “电信”（telecommunication）一词来源于希腊语tele（含义为“遥远的”）和拉丁语communicatio（涵义为“连接”）。

通信专业英语

先进移动电话系统
AMR
Adaptive Multi Rate
自适应多速率
ANCC
Access Network Control Center
接入网控制中心
ANS
Access Network System
接入网系统
ANSI
American National Standard Institute
美国国家标准协会
AA/G
Application Agent/Gateway
应用代理/网关
AAL
ATM Adaptation Layer
ATM适配层
ABER
Average Bit Error Rate
平均误比特率
ABF
Air Blown Fiber
充气光纤
AC
Access Code/Accounting Function
Forward Common Physical Channel
前向公共物理信道
F-DAPICH
Forward Dedicated Auxiliary PIlot CHannel
前向专用辅助导频信道
F-DCCH
Forward Dedicated Control CHannel
前向专用控制信道
F-DPHCH
控制信道
CCIR
International Radio Consultative Committee
国际无线电咨询委员会
CCITT
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
国际电报电话咨询委员会
CCPCH
Common Control Physical Channel

[最新]通信专业的外文及外文翻译

Research,,,,,on,,,,,Carrier,,,,,T racking,,,,,in,,,,,Hybrid,,, ,,DS/FH,,,,,Spread,,,,,Spectrum,,,,,TT&C,,,,,SystemAbstractBecause,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,effect,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,,the,,,,,inp ut,,,,,IF,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,in,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,(Direct,,,,,Sequ ence/Frequency,,,,,Hopping,,,,,Spread,,,,,Spectrum),,,,,TT&C,,,,,(Telemetry,,,,,,Trackin g,,,,,&,,,,,Command),,,,,System,,,,,is,,,,,characterized,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequen cy,,,,,agile.,,,,,The,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,will,,,,,shift,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,step,,,,, response,,,,,state,,,,,ceaselessly,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,measurement,,,,,resolution,,,,,severely,,, ,,decline,,,,,,even,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,likely,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,unlocked.,,,,,This,,,,,paper,,,, ,presents,,,,,a,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,aided,,,,,by,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pat tern.,,,,,In,,,,,order,,,,,to,,,,,keep,,,,,the,,,,,stability,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,,the,, ,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency,,,,,agility,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,next,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,dwell,,,, ,is,,,,,estimated,,,,,and,,,,,timely,,,,,compensated,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,adjustment, ,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,NCO,,,,,according,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,preset,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pat tern,,,,,and,,,,,current,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,velocity.,,,,,Simulation,,,,,results,,,,,show,,,,,that,,, ,,this,,,,,method,,,,,effectively,,,,,eliminates,,,,,the,,,,,instability,,,,,due,,,,,to,,,,,carrier,,,,, frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,resolution,,,,,of,,,,,loop,,,,,meets,,,,,the,,,,,require ment,,,,,of,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system.,,,,,Keywords：carrier,,,,,tracking；DS/FHSS；frequency,,,,,agility；aided；TT&CI．INTRODUCTIONThe,,,,,main,,,,,function,,,,,of,,,,,TT&C,,,,,(Telemetry,,,,,,Tracking,,,,,and,,,,,Com mand),,,,,system,,,,,is,,,,,ranging,,,,,and,,,,,velocity,,,,,measurement.,,,,,Presently,,,,,,the, ,,,,most,,,,,common,,,,,used,,,,,TT&C,,,,,systems,,,,,are,,,,,unit,,,,,carrier,,,,,system,,,,,an d,,,,,unit,,,,,spread,,,,,spectrum,,,,,system.,,,,,For,,,,,the,,,,,unit,,,,,carrier,,,,,TT&C,,,,,sys tem,,,,,,ranging,,,,,is,,,,,realized,,,,,by,,,,,measuring,,,,,the,,,,,phase,,,,,difference,,,,,betw een,,,,,transmitted,,,,,and,,,,,received,,,,,tones,,,,,,and,,,,,for,,,,,the,,,,,unit,,,,,spread,,,,,sp ectrum,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,,according,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,autocorrelation,,,,,properties,,,,, of,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,,ranging,,,,,is,,,,,realized,,,,,by,,,,,measuring,,,,,the,,,,,phase,,,,,delay, ,,,,between,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,and,,,,,local,,,,,pseudonoise,,,,,(PN),,,,,code.,,,,,V elocity ,,,,,measurement,,,,,in,,,,,both,,,,,of,,,,,TT&C,,,,,systems,,,,,depends,,,,,on,,,,,extracting,, ,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,difference,,,,,resulting,,,,,from,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,phenomena,,,,, between,,,,,the,,,,,transmitted,,,,,and,,,,,received,,,,,carrier.,,,,,While,,,,,all,,,,,the,,,,,proc esses,,,,,mentioned,,,,,above,,,,,are,,,,,finished,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,ground,,,,,of,,,,,high,,,,,res olution,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,phase,,,,,lock,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,comm on,,,,,used,,,,,method,,,,,to,,,,,implement,,,,,it,,,,,in,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system.,,,,,As,,,,,the,,,,,s pace,,,,,electromagnetism,,,,,environment,,,,,become,,,,,more,,,,,and,,,,,more,,,,,complic ated,,,,,,the,,,,,capability,,,,,of,,,,,anti-jamming,,,,,is,,,,,required,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,future,,,,, TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,[1].,,,,,So,,,,,we,,,,,consider,,,,,using,,,,,the,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,, ,(Direct,,,,,Sequence/Frequency,,,,,Hopping,,,,,Spread,,,,,Spectrum),,,,,technology,,,,,to ,,,,,build,,,,,a,,,,,more,,,,,robust,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system.,,,,,,,,,,For,,,,,many,,,,,ordinary,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,communication,,,,,systems,,,,,,th e,,,,,most,,,,,important,,,,,function,,,,,is,,,,,demodulating,,,,,data,,,,,but,,,,,not,,,,,measuri ng,,,,,,so,,,,,it,,,,,is,,,,,not,,,,,necessary,,,,,to,,,,,measure,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency,,,,,p recisely.,,,,,However,,,,,,in,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,,measuring,,,,, and,,,,,tracking,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,precisely,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,foundation,,,,,of,,,,,system,,,,, ,so,,,,,some,,,,,special,,,,,problem,,,,,needs,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,solved.,,,,,In,,,,,the,,,,,hybrid,,,, ,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,,even,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,signal,,,,,has,,,,,been,,,,,de hopped,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,pattern,,,,,synchronization,,,,,module,,,,,,due,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,Dopp ler,,,,,Effect,,,,,and,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,,the,,,,,input,,,,,frequency,,,,,of, ,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,contains,,,,,frequency,,,,,agility,,,,,severely.,,,,,As,,,,,a,,,,,result,,,,,, the,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,likely,,,,,to,,,,,shift,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,step,,,,,responses,,,,,state,,,,,again,,,,,and,,,,,again,,,,,,and,,,,,it,,,,,seems,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,impossible,,,,,for,,,,,freq uency,,,,,measurement,,,,,and,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking.,,,,,,,,,,The,,,,,paper,,,,,is,,,,,organize d,,,,,as,,,,,follows.,,,,,In,,,,,section,,,,,I,,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,sync hronization,,,,,module,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,is,,,,,introduced., ,,,,In,,,,,section,,,,,II,,,,,,we,,,,,analyze,,,,,how,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,, ,,influences,,,,,the,,,,,performance,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop.,,,,,In,,,,,sect ion,,,,,III,,,,,,a,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,aided,,,,,by,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pat tern,,,,,and,,,,,current,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,velocity,,,,,is,,,,,proposed.,,,,,In,,,,,section,,,,,IV,,,, ,,a,,,,,simulation,,,,,mode,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,ground,,,,,of,,,,,actual,,,,,requirement,,,,,of,,,,,T T&C,,,,,system,,,,,is,,,,,built,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,results,,,,,of,,,,,simulation,,,,,show,,,,,that,,, ,,this,,,,,method,,,,,is,,,,,very,,,,,simple,,,,,and,,,,,effective,,,,,for,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,, ,,,system.,,,,,Finally,,,,,,some,,,,,conclusions,,,,,are,,,,,drawn,,,,,in,,,,,section,,,,,V.II．INPUT,,,,,SIGNAL,,,,,OF,,,,,CARRIER,,,,,TRACKING,,,,,LOOPAs,,,,,the,,,,,traditional,,,,,TT&C,,,,,and,,,,,communication,,,,,system,,,,,,the,,,,,inp ut,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,must,,,,,be,,,,,a,,,,,monotonous,,,,,inter mediate,,,,,frequency,,,,,signal,,,,,,so,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,RF,,,,,signal,,,,,should,,,,,be,,,, ,dehopped,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,patternsynchronization,,,,,module.,,,, ,In,,,,,FH,,,,,communication,,,,,system,,,,,,the,,,,,signal,,,,,during,,,,,a,,,,,hop,,,,,dwell,,,,, time,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,narrowband,,,,,signal,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,general,,,,,power,,,,,detector,,,,,is ,,,,,commonly,,,,,used,,,,,to,,,,,detect,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,signal,,,,,[2].,,,,,B ut,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,,the,,,,,signal,,,,,is,,,,,subme rged,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,noise,,,,,,it,,,,,is,,,,,impossible,,,,,to,,,,,acquire,,,,,signal,,,,,directly,,,,, by,,,,,power,,,,,detector,,,,,such,,,,,as,,,,,FH,,,,,communication,,,,,system.,,,,,However,,,, ,,the,,,,,signal,,,,,during,,,,,a,,,,,hop,,,,,dwell,,,,,time,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,system,,,,,just,,,,,is,,,,, a,,,,,direct,,,,,sequence,,,,,spread,,,,,spectrum,,,,,signal,,,,,,so,,,,,we,,,,,can,,,,,acquire,,,,,i t,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,of,,,,,direct,,,,,sequence,,,,,spread,,,,,spectrum,,,, ,signal.,,,,,The,,,,,acquisition,,,,,methods,,,,,,such,,,,,as,,,,,serial-search,,,,,acquisition,,,,, ,parallel,,,,,acquisition,,,,,and,,,,,rapid,,,,,acquisition,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,FFT,,,,,have,,,,,be en,,,,,discussed,,,,,in,,,,,a,,,,,lot,,,,,of,,,,,papers,,,,,[3-5],,,,,,so,,,,,we,,,,,won’t,,,,,discuss,,, ,,the,,,,,problem,,,,,detailedly,,,,,in,,,,,this,,,,,paper.,,,,,In,,,,,our,,,,,system,,,,,,since,,,,,one,,,,,hop,,,,,dwell,,,,,time,,,,,is,,,,,very,,,,,short,,,,,,the,,,,,rapid,,,,,acquisition,,,,,based,,,,, on,,,,,FFT,,,,,which,,,,,can,,,,,extract,,,,,the,,,,,phase,,,,,delay,,,,,and,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequen cy,,,,,at,,,,,one,,,,,time,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,the,,,,,best,,,,,way,,,,,for,,,,,acquisition.,,,,,The,,,,,s cheme,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,patters,,,,,acquisition,,,,,,i.e.,,,,,,coarse,,,,, synchronization,,,,,,could,,,,,be,,,,,shown,,,,,as,,,,,Fig,,,,,1.Figure,,,,,1.,,,,,Scheme,,,,,of,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,synchronizationThe,,,,,synchronization,,,,,of,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,is,,,,,realized,,,,, by,,,,,the,,,,,local,,,,,frequency,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,rapid,,,,,searching,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,two,,, ,,dimension,,,,,rapid,,,,,acquisition,,,,,of,,,,,Direct,,,,,Sequence,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,phase,,, ,,and,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency.,,,,,At,,,,,the,,,,,beginning,,,,,,the,,,,,link,,,,,switch,,,,,is,,,,,o n,,,,,the,,,,,location,,,,,1,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,output,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,local,,,,,frequency,,,,,s ynthesizer,,,,,with,,,,,higher,,,,,hop,,,,,speed,,,,,than,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,one,,,,,is,,,,,mi xed,,,,,with,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,signal.,,,,,Then,,,,,,via,,,,,the,,,,,band,,,,,pass,,,,,filter,,,,, ,the,,,,,output,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,mixer,,,,,is,,,,,fed,,,,,into,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,module, ,,,,of,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,and,,,,,carrier.,,,,,If,,,,,the,,,,,output,,,,,of,,,,,correlator,,,,,in,,,,,acq uisition,,,,,module,,,,,is,,,,,less,,,,,than,,,,,the,,,,,preset,,,,,threshold,,,,,,the,,,,,direct,,,,,se quence,,,,,spread,,,,,spectrum,,,,,signal,,,,,is,,,,,not,,,,,acquired,,,,,during,,,,,this,,,,,hop,,, ,,dwell,,,,,time,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,local,,,,,frequency,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,steps,,,,,the,,,,,next,,, ,,frequency.,,,,,By,,,,,contrast,,,,,,if,,,,,detection,,,,,variable,,,,,of,,,,,acquisition,,,,,modul e,,,,,is,,,,,more,,,,,than,,,,,the,,,,,preset,,,,,threshold,,,,,,it,,,,,means,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,freque ncy,,,,,hopping,,,,,signal,,,,,is,,,,,acquired,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,mixer,,,,,outputs,,,,,a,,,,,stable, ,,,,district,,,,,spread,,,,,spectrum,,,,,signal.,,,,,After,,,,,that,,,,,,the,,,,,switch,,,,,is,,,,,on,,,,, the,,,,,location,,,,,2,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,local,,,,,frequency,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,will,,,,,timely,,,,, change,,,,,the,,,,,output,,,,,frequency,,,,,according,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,, ,,pattern.,,,,,After,,,,,the,,,,,coarse,,,,,synchronization,,,,,mentioned,,,,,above,,,,,,the,,,,,D S/FHSS,,,,,signal,,,,,have,,,,,being,,,,,dehopped,,,,,is,,,,,fed,,,,,to,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,and,,,,,a,,,,,fine,,,,,alignment,,,,,between,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,and,,,,,local,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,is,,,,,achieved,,,,,by ,,,,,a,,,,,code,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,na mely ,,,,,the,,,,,delay-locked,,,,,loop.,,,,,Then,,,,,,the,,,,,output,,,,,of,,,,,code,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,,i.e.,,,,,,a,,,,,duplicate,,,,,of,,,,,received,,,,,PN,,,,,code,,,,,,is,,,,,mixed,,,,,to,,,,,th e,,,,,IF,,,,,direct,,,,,sequence,,,,,spread,,,,,spectrum,,,,,signal,,,,,dehopped,,,,,by ,,,,,coarse ,,,,,synchronization,,,,,,and,,,,,a,,,,,monotonous,,,,,intermediate,,,,,frequency ,,,,,narrowb and,,,,,,,,,,signal,,,,,which,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,fed,,,,,to,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,o btained.III.,,,,,CHARACTERISTIC,,,,,OF,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,CARRIER,,,,,TRA CKING,,,,,LOOPCompared,,,,,with,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,in,,,,,ordinarycommunica tion,,,,,system,,,,,,because,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,high,,,,,dynamic,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,,e specially,,,,,during,,,,,the,,,,,landing,,,,,,accelerating,,,,,and,,,,,decelerating,,,,,,the,,,,,car rier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,of,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,will,,,,,be,,,,,i nfluenced,,,,,more,,,,,severely ,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,Effect,,,,,(up,,,,,to,,,,,100KHz).,,,,,Addition,,,,,to,,,,,that,,,,,,a,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency ,,,,,agility ,,,,,resulted,,,,,from,,,,,th e,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency ,,,,,hopping,,,,,won’t,,,,,be,,,,,eliminated,,,,,by ,,,,,dehopping,,,,,t he,,,,,frequency ,,,,,hopping,,,,,carrier,,,,,,and,,,,,which,,,,,becomes,,,,,the,,,,,main,,,,,fact or,,,,,influencing,,,,,the,,,,,performance,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,in,,,,,DS/F HSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system.,,,,,The,,,,,frequency ,,,,,of,,,,,downlink,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,DS/F HSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,may ,,,,,be,,,,,described,,,,,as:)()(1)()()()(000i v i f c i f i f i f i f d +=+= where,,,,,i,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,sequence,,,,,number,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency ,,,,,,)(0i f is,,,,,the,,,,,,,,,,ith,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency ,,,,,,,,,,,)(i f d is,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency ,,,,,offset,,,,,during,,,,,the,,,,,,,,,,ith,,,,,hop,,,,,dwell,,,,,time,,,,,and,,,,,,,,,,)(i v ,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,current,,,,,speed,,,,,of,,,,,spacecraft.,,,,,We,,,,,can,,,,,assume,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,synchroniz ation,,,,,of,,,,,frequency ,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,has,,,,,been,,,,,completed,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,output,,,,,frequency ,,,,,of,,,,,local,,,,,frequency ,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,is)()()(i f i f i f o lo ∆-=,,,,,,,,,,,where,,,,,)(i f ∆is,,,,,the,,,,,frequency ,,,,,difference,,,,,between,,,,,the,,,,,received,,,,,and,,,,,local,,,,,frequency ,,,,,,i.e.,,,,,,the,,,,,intermediate,,,,,freque ncy ,,,,,of,,,,,input,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop.,,,,,Passing,,,,,a,,,,,IF,,,,,ba nd,,,,,pass,,,,,filter,,,,,,a,,,,,IF,,,,,signal,,,,,,the,,,,,frequency ,,,,,of,,,,,which,,,,,is,,,,,)(i f ∆,,,,,,is,,,,,obtained.,,,,,According,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,relation,,,,,among,,,,,the,,,,,velocity ,,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequen cy ,,,,,and,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency ,,,,,offset,,,,,,the,,,,,input,,,,,frequency ,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,derived,,,,,easily,,,,,as,,,,,follow:,,,,,)()(1)()()()(0i v i f c i f i f i f i f d in +=+=∆∆ Then,,,,,,between,,,,,the,,,,,interval,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,,,,,,ith,,,,,frequency ,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,(i+i)th,,,,,frequency ,,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency ,,,,,agility ,,,,,)(i f d ∆,,,,,is,,,,,genera ted,,,,,,and,,,,,can,,,,,be,,,,,expressed,,,,,as:,,,,,)]()()1()1([1)(00i v i f i v i f c i f d -++=∆ Generally,,,,,speaking,,,,,,we,,,,,assume,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,velocity ,,,,,of,,,,,spacecraft ,,,,,during,,,,,two,,,,,adjacent,,,,,frequency ,,,,,won’t,,,,,change,,,,,,i.e.)()1(i v i v =+,,,,,,s o )()(1)(0i f i v ci f d ∆∆=,,,,,,which,,,,,shows,,,,,,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,agility,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,function,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,frequency ,,,,,difference,,,,,of,,,,,two,,,,,adjacent,,,,,hop,,,,,a nd,,,,,the,,,,,current,,,,,speed,,,,,of,,,,,spacecraft.,,,,,,,,,,Then,,,,,,the,,,,,input,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,can,,,,,be ,,,,,expressed,,,,,as:,,,,,,,,,, )(])()()(1222sin[)(2)(0t n nT t p n f n v c t f t f t R P t s n ab +++-++∙=∑∞∞→∆∆τσπππ where,,,,,P,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,power,,,,,after,,,,,the,,,,,synchronization,,,,,of,,,,,freq uency ,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,,)(t R ,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,modulated,,,,,data,,,,,,∆f ,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,intermediate,,,,,frequency ,,,,,,d f and,,,,,τ,,,,,are,,,,,the,,,,,rudimental,,,,,frequency ,,,,,o ffset,,,,,and,,,,,rudimental,,,,,phase,,,,,offset,,,,,brought,,,,,from,,,,,acquisition,,,,,module ,,,,,respective.,,,,,;1)(,10=≤≤t p t otherwise,,,,,0)(=t p ,,,,,,T,,,,,is,,,,,one,,,,,hop,,,,,dw ell,,,,,time,,,,,,σ,,,,,,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,synchronization,,,,,of,,,,,f requency ,,,,,hopping,,,,,patterns,,,,,,n(t),,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,additive,,,,,white,,,,,Gaussian,,,,,noise,,,,,with,,,,,two-side,,,,,power,,,,,spectral,,,,,density ,,,,,2N W/Hz,,,,,and,,,,,c,,,,,is,,,,,t he,,,,,velocity ,,,,,of,,,,,light.,,,,,The,,,,,tracking,,,,,resolution,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,basic,,,,,description,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,performance,,,,,,and,,,,,we,,,,,can,,,,,obtain,,,,,it,,,,,by ,,,,,the,,,,,error,,,,,transfer,,,,,fun ction,,,,,as,,,,,follow:,,,,,where,,,,,,F(s),,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,transfer,,,,,function,,,,,of,,,,,loop,,,,,filter,,,,,,K,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,gain,,,,,of,,,,,open,,,,,loop.,,,,,Then,,,,,we,,,,,can,,,,,apply,,,,,the,,,,,limit,,,,,theorem,,,,,,which,,,,,is,,,,,expressed,,,,,as,,,,,)()()(0100lim s H s s s Θ=∞→θ,to,,,,,derive,,,,,the,,,,,steady-state,,,,,tracking,,,,,error.,,,,,Unfortunately ,,,,,,the,,,,,derivation,,,,,of,,,,,Laplacian,,,,,transfer,,,,,of,,,,,,,,,,is,,,,,seen,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,impossible,,,,,,so,,,,,we,,,,,can’t,,,,,calcula te,,,,,the,,,,,measuring,,,,,error,,,,,precisely ,,,,,and,,,,,only,,,,,analyze,,,,,it,,,,,by ,,,,,simula tion.,,,,,For,,,,,the,,,,,2edorder,,,,,loop,,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,time,,,,,can,,,,,be,,,,,expre ssed,,,,,as:3202nT ξωωρ∆= where,,,,,,0ω,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,initial,,,,,frequency ,,,,,offset,,,,,,n ω,,,,,and,,,,,ξ,,,,,are,,,,,the,,,,,natural,,,,,frequency ,,,,,and,,,,,damping,,,,,factor,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop.,,,,,In,,,,,the,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,,0ω,,,,,just,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,freque ncy ,,,,,agility ,,,,,which,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,function,,,,,of,,,,,time,,,,,according,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,fre quency ,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern.,,,,,Thereby ,,,,,,three,,,,,cases,,,,,are,,,,,discussed.,,,,,Case,,,,,1:,,,,,Tp<Tc,,,,,,,,,,,i.e.,,,,,,hop,,,,,dwell,,,,,time,,,,,is,,,,,more,,,,,than,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,acquisition,,,,,time.The,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,able,,,,,to,,,,,acqu ire,,,,,and,,,,,track,,,,,the,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,TT&C,,,,,signal,,,,,,but,,,,,shift,,,,,the,,,,,unlock ,,,,,state,,,,,immediately ,,,,,when,,,,,the,,,,,next,,,,,frequency ,,,,,signal,,,,,is,,,,,fed,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,loop.,,,,,The,,,,,loop,,,,,steps,,,,,to,,,,,lock,,,,,,unlock,,,,,,re-lock,,,,,,re-unlock,,,,,s tate,,,,,repeatedly,,,,,for,,,,,all,,,,,time,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,offset,,,,,can’t,,,,,be,,,,,extracted,,,,,accurately .Case,,,,,2:,,,,,Tp>Tc,,,,,,i.e.,,,,,,hop,,,,,dwell,,,,,time,,,,,is,,,,,less,,,,,than,,,,,the,,,,,lo op,,,,,acquisition,,,,,time.,,,,,During,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,state,,,,,of,,,,,loop,,,,,,the,,,,,f requency ,,,,,of,,,,,input,,,,,signal,,,,,is,,,,,likely ,,,,,to,,,,,step,,,,,up,,,,,suddenly ,,,,,,and,,,,,t hen,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,steps,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,state,,,,,once,,,,,again.,,,,,For,,,,,t he,,,,,case,,,,,,the,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,will,,,,,step,,,,,to,,,,,acquisition,,,,,state,,,,,again,,,,,and,,,,,again,,,,,for,,,,,all,,,,,time.,,,,,,,,,,Case,,,,,3:,,,,,For,,,,,the,,,,,non-ideal,,,,,2ed,,,,,or,,,,,high-degree,,,,,order,,,,,loop,,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,band,,,,,p ω∆,,,,,is,,,,,limited,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,hopping,,,,,frequenc y ,,,,,agility,,,,,)(i f d ∆,,,,,also,,,,,influences,,,,,the,,,,,performance,,,,,of,,,,,loop.,,,,,When )(i f d ∆<p ω∆,,,,,,,,,,,the,,,,,conclusion,,,,,is,,,,,same,,,,,as,,,,,the,,,,,analysis,,,,,,,,,,mentio ned,,,,,above,,,,,,and,,,,,when )(i f d ∆>p ω∆,,,,,,,,,,,the,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,won’t,,,,,loc ked,,,,,the,,,,,signal,,,,,forever.The,,,,,simulation,,,,,result,,,,,of,,,,,2ed,,,,,order,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,used,,,,,com monly,,,,,in,,,,,TT&C,,,,,field,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,Fig,,,,,2.,,,,,The,,,,,Doppler,,,,,agilit y ,,,,,is,,,,,plotted,,,,,by ,,,,,broken,,,,,line,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,time,,,,,response,,,,,is,,,,,denoted ,,,,,by ,,,,,real,,,,,line.,,,,,Fig.,,,,,2(a),,,,,shows,,,,,the,,,,,tracking,,,,,performance,,,,,witho ut,,,,,Doppler,,,,,offset,,,,,agility;,,,,,the,,,,,time,,,,,response,,,,,as,,,,,Tp<Tc,,,,,is,,,,,descr ibed,,,,,in,,,,,Fig.,,,,,2(b),,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,state,,,,,is,,,,,alternating,,,,,between,,,,,locked,,,,,and,,,,,,,,,,unlocked.,,,,,In,,,,,Fig.,,,,,2(c),,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,acquiring,,,,,signal,,,,,f orever.,,,,,Because,,,,,the,,,,,frequency ,,,,,is,,,,,changed,,,,,before,,,,,stepping,,,,,to,,,,,the ,,,,,locked,,,,,state,,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,won’t,,,,,acquire,,,,,any ,,,,,signal,,,,,at,,,,,all,,,,,time.,,,,,In,,,,,Fig,,,,,2(d),,,,,,when )(i f d ∆>p ω∆,,,,,,the,,,,,tracking,,,,,capability ,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,invalid,,,,,entirely .Figure,,,,,2.,,,,,Time,,,,,response,,,,,of,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,with,,,,,Doppler,,,,,offset,,,,,agility:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(a) No,,,,,hopping,,,,,,(b),,,,,Tp<Tc,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(c),,,,,Tp>T c,,,,,,(d),,,,,)(i f d ∆>pω∆IV.,,,,,THE,,,,,SCHEME,,,,,OF,,,,,CARRIER,,,,,TRACKING,,,,,LOO P,,,,,AIDED,,,,,BY,,,,,HOPPING,,,,,PA TTERNThe,,,,,structure,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,track,,,,,loop,,,,,aided,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,hoppi ng,,,,,frequency,,,,,pattern,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,Fig,,,,,3.,,,,,Generally,,,,,speaking,,,,,, we,,,,,can,,,,,assume,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,velocity,,,,,during,,,,,the,,,,,interval,,,,,time,,,,,betw een,,,,,two,,,,,adjacent,,,,,frequency,,,,,will,,,,,keep,,,,,a,,,,,fixed,,,,,value,,,,,,then,,,,,the,,,,,doppler,,,,,frequency,,,,,offset,,,,,,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,next,,,,,frequency,,,,,interval,,,,,c an,,,,,be,,,,,calculated,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,current,,,,,velocity,,,,,of,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,combined,,,,,with,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency.,,,,,The,,,,,is,,,,,added,,,,,timely,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,adjust ment,,,,,value,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,NCO,,,,,when,,,,,the,,,,,new,,,,,frequency,,,,,signa l,,,,,is,,,,,fed,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,loop.,,,,,So,,,,,the,,,,,output,,,,,frequency,,,,,of,,,,,NCO,,,,,also ,,,,,changes,,,,,synchronal,,,,,as,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,changing,,,,,of,,,,,input,,,,,signal,,, ,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,keeps,,,,,stable.,,,,,Deserve,,,,,to,,,,,mentioned,,,,,,before,,,,,the,,,, ,loop,,,,,stepped,,,,,to,,,,,steady,,,,,state,,,,,,the,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,velocity,,,,,used,,,,,by,,,,,t he,,,,,scheme,,,,,is,,,,,given,,,,,from,,,,,the,,,,,acquisition,,,,,module.,,,,,After,,,,,having,,, ,,being,,,,,locked,,,,,state,,,,,,then,,,,,the,,,,,velocity,,,,,should,,,,,be,,,,,extracted,,,,,from,, ,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,itself,,,,,directly.,,,,,By,,,,,this,,,,,way,,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,able,,,,,to,,,,, keep,,,,,stable,,,,,even,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,high,,,,,dynamic,,,,,condition.,,,,,Figure,,,,,3.,,,,,Carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,aided,,,,,by,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,patternBesides,,,,,the,,,,,thermal,,,,,noise,,,,,jitter,,,,,,the,,,,,main,,,,,error,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,, ,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,aided,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,f requency,,,,,jitter,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,and,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,due ,,,,,to,,,,,frequency,,,,,pattern,,,,,synchronization.,,,,,The,,,,,former,,,,,one,,,,,depends,,,,, on,,,,,the,,,,,resolution,,,,,of,,,,,frequency,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,as,,,,,other,,,,,communication,,,,,and,,,,,we,,,,,only,,,,,discuss,,,,,the,,,,,latter,,,,,one.,,,,,Briefly,,,,,,when,,,,,the,,,,,local, ,,,,frequency,,,,,changing,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,local,,,,,frequency,,,,,synthesizer,,,,,is,,,,,advanc ed,,,,,or,,,,,retarded,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,one,,,,,of,,,,,receive,,,,,signal,,,,,,the,,,,,aiding,,,,,modu le,,,,,will,,,,,provide,,,,,a,,,,,frequency,,,,,offset,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,NCO,,,,,at,,,,,the, ,,,,wrong,,,,,time,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,will,,,,,step,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,unlocked,,,,,state,,,,, at,,,,,once,,,,,,i.e.,,,,,,response,,,,,of,,,,,frequency,,,,,step.,,,,,Fortunately,,,,,,when,,,,,the,, ,,,frequency,,,,,of,,,,,input,,,,,signal,,,,,changes,,,,,actually,,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,will,,,,,retur n,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,steady,,,,,state,,,,,rapidly.,,,,,But,,,,,as,,,,,the,,,,,increase,,,,,of,,,,,synchro nization,,,,,error,,,,,,it,,,,,also,,,,,be,,,,,likely,,,,,to,,,,,become,,,,,too,,,,,severe,,,,,to,,,,,me et,,,,,the,,,,,resolution,,,,,requirement,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system.V.,,,,,SIMULA TIOMThe,,,,,model,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,of,,,,,hybrid,,,,,DS/FHSS,,,,,sys tem,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,Fig,,,,,3,,,,,,which,,,,,is,,,,,built,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,simulink,,,,,of,, ,,,Matlab.,,,,,The,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,standard,,,,,costas,,,,,loop,,,,,commo nly,,,,,used,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,TT&C,,,,,field,,,,,,which,,,,,is,,,,,able,,,,,to,,,,,eliminate,,,,,the,, ,,,inference,,,,,resulted,,,,,form,,,,,the,,,,,polarity,,,,,change,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,modulated,,,,, data,,,,,[9].,,,,,To,,,,,adapt,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency,,,,,change,,,,,due,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,, ,spacecraft,,,,,movement,,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,designed,,,,,as,,,,,a,,,,,2ed,,,,,order,,,,,loo p,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,filter,,,,,is,,,,,a,,,,,1st,,,,,order,,,,,filter.,,,,,The,,,,,simulation,,,,, parameter,,,,,is,,,,,set,,,,,according,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,actual,,,,,TT&C,,,,,task,,,,,as,,,,,follow s:,,,,,Carrier,,,,,frequency:,,,,,2.2GHz~2.3GHz,,,,,Amount,,,,,of,,,,,frequencies:,,,,,128,,,,,Frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern:,,,,,based,,,,,on,,,,,m-sequence,,,,,Rudimental,,,,,frequency,,,,,offset,,,,,after,,,,,acquisition:,,,,,300Hz,,,,,Intermediate,,,,,frequency,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop:,,,,,4.8MHz,,,,,Sampling,,,,,frequency:,,,,,16.3Mbps,,,,,Noise,,,,,Bandwidth,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,loop:,,,,,10Hz,,,,,A.,,,,,The,,,,,time,,,,,response,,,,,on,,,,,uniform,,,,,motion,,,,,and,,,,,,,,,,uniformly,,,, ,accelerated,,,,,motionWe,,,,,assume,,,,,the,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,speed,,,,,is,,,,,7.9km/s,,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,relation ,,,,,among,,,,,the,,,,,Doppler,,,,,frequency,,,,,,carrier,,,,,frequency,,,,,and,,,,,velocity,,,,,,t he,,,,,frequency,,,,,offset,,,,,of,,,,,the,,,,,input,,,,,IF,,,,,signal,,,,,of,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,obtaine d,,,,,as,,,,,Fig,,,,,4(a).,,,,,The,,,,,max,,,,,frequency,,,,,agility,,,,,is,,,,,up,,,,,to,,,,,2.3KHz.,,, ,,The,,,,,time,,,,,response,,,,,without,,,,,aid,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,Fig,,,,,4(b),,,,,an d,,,,,the,,,,,one,,,,,with,,,,,aid,,,,,by,,,,,hopping,,,,,pattern,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,Fig4(c)., ,,,,The,,,,,results,,,,,show,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,loop,,,,,without,,,,,aid,,,,,is,,,,,unlocked,,,,,com pletely,,,,,,while,,,,,the,,,,,one,,,,,with,,,,,aid,,,,,can,,,,,track,,,,,the,,,,,carrier,,,,,accurately .,,,,,When,,,,,the,,,,,spacecraft,,,,,is,,,,,on,,,,,the,,,,,uniformly,,,,,accelerated,,,,,motion,,,,, (the,,,,,initial,,,,,speed,,,,,is,,,,,7.9km/s,,,,,,and,,,,,speed,,,,,accelerator,,,,,is,,,,,30g),,,,,,th e,,,,,time,,,,,response,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,Fig,,,,,5.,,,,,The,,,,,same,,,,,conclusion,,,,,is, ,,,,obtained,,,,,as,,,,,pre-paragraph.,,,,,Figure,,,,,4.,,,,,,,,,,The,,,,,time,,,,,response,,,,,on,,,,,uniform,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,motion:,,,,,(a)doppler,,,,,frequency,(b)without,,,,,aid,,,,,,(c),,,,,with,,,,,aid.Figure,,,,,5.,,,,,Time,,,,,response,,,,,on,,,,,uniformly,,,,,accelerated,,,,,motion:(a)doppler,,,,,frequency,(b)without,,,,,aid,,,,,(c),,,,,with,,,,,aidB.,,,,,Tracking,,,,,resolution,,,,,on,,,,,different,,,,,hopping,,,,,speedIn,,,,,this,,,,,simulation,,,,,,the,,,,,resolution,,,,,of,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,is, ,,,,obtained,,,,,by,,,,,calculating,,,,,variance.,,,,,The,,,,,relation,,,,,between,,,,,tracking,,,, ,resolution,,,,,and,,,,,hopping,,,,,speed,,,,,is,,,,,shown,,,,,in,,,,,Fig,,,,,6,,,,,on,,,,,different,, ,,,input,,,,,SNR,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,minimum,,,,,value,,,,,insuring,,,,,the,,,,,demodulating,,,, ,correctly,,,,,in,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,is,,,,,13,,,,,dB.,,,,,The,,,,,result,,,,,of,,,,,simulation ,,,,,testified,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,resolution,,,,,is,,,,,not,,,,,sensitive,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,hopping,,,,, speed,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,scheme,,,,,is,,,,,very,,,,,robust,,,,,for,,,,,different,,,,,hopping,,,,,spe ed.Figure,,,,,6.,,,,,Stead-state,,,,,tracking,,,,,resolution,,,,,vs,,,,,hopping,,,,,speedC.,,,,,Tracking,,,,,resolution,,,,,on,,,,,different,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,of,,,,,frequency, ,,,,,,,,,pattern,,,,,,,,,,synchronization,,,,,,,,,,For,,,,,carrier,,,,,tracking,,,,,loop,,,,,aided,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,,frequency,,,,,hopping,,,,,p attern,,,,,,according,,,,,to,,,,,the,,,,,above,,,,,discussion,,,,,the,,,,,main,,,,,factor,,,,,impact ing,,,,,the,,,,,stability,,,,,of,,,,,loop,,,,,is,,,,,the,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,caused,,,,,by,,,,,the,,,,, patterns,,,,,synchronization.,,,,,Fig,,,,,7,,,,,shows,,,,,the,,,,,stead-state,,,,,tracking,,,,,acc uracies,,,,,on,,,,,different,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,of,,,,,synchronization,,,,,pattern,,,,,on,,,,,d ifferent,,,,,input,,,,,SNR.,,,,,The,,,,,measuring,,,,,error,,,,,is,,,,,increase,,,,,as,,,,,increasin g,,,,,of,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,measurement,,,,,error,,,,,resulted,,,,,from,,,,,the ,,,,,SNR,,,,,even,,,,,can,,,,,be,,,,,ignored,,,,,when,,,,,the,,,,,time,,,,,error,,,,,is,,,,,up,,,,,to,,, ,,some,,,,,specified,,,,,value.,,,,,Consequently,,,,,,we,,,,,can,,,,,infer,,,,,that,,,,,the,,,,,trac k,,,,,accuracy,,,,,won’t,,,,,meet,,,,,the,,,,,requirement,,,,,of,,,,,TT&C,,,,,system,,,,,finally ,,,,,,and,,,,,the,,,,,problem,,,,,needs,,,,,to,,,,,be,,,,,researched,,,,,in,,,,,the,,,,,future.Figure,,,,,7.,,,,,Stead-state,,,,,tracking,,,,,resolution,,,,,vs,,,,,timing,,,,,error,,,,,of,,,,,,,,,,pattern,,,,,synchronization。

通信工程专业英语词汇(史上最全)

通信工程专业英语词汇来源：李涛的日志动态范围: Dynamic range频率偏值: Frequency offset符号率：Symbol rate码域功率：code domain power频分多址: Frequency Division Multiple Access码分多址: Code Division Multiple Access时分多址: Time Division Multiple Access沃什码：Walsh code误码率：Bit Error Rate，BER帧误码率：Frame Error Rate，FER循环冗余码：Cyclic Redundancy Code，CRC时序分析：timing analyze门限：threshold非同步模式：Asynchronous Mode同步模式：Synchronous Mode邻道功率：ACP D―― Adjacent Channel Power先进移动电话业务：AMPS---Advanced Mobile Phone Service组织协会：ANSI --- American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准局BPT --- British Post and Telecommunication Standard 英国邮政与电信标准CCIR --- International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT --- International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee国际/电报咨询委员会CEPT --- Conference of European Post and Telecommunication Administrations欧洲邮电行政会议EIA --- Electronic Engineers Association 电子工业协会美ETSI --- European Telecommunication Standards Institute欧洲电信标准委员会FCC --- Federal Communications Commission联邦通信委员会美IEC --- International Electrotechnics Committee国际电工委员会IEE --- Institution of Electrical Engineers电气工程师协会英IEEE--- Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, INC电气与电子工程师协会美ITU --- International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟联合国MPT --- Ministry of Post and telecommunications邮政与电信部英TIA --- Telecommunications Industries Association电信工业协会美WARC --- World Administrative Radio Conference世界无线电行政大会ZVEI --- Zentralverband der Electechnischen Industrie电气工业中央协会德ACP --- Adjacent Channel Power邻道功率AMPS --- Advanced Mobile Phone Institute先进移动电话业务APOC --- Advanced Paging Operator Code先进寻呼操作码AVL --- Average Voice Level平均话音电平BSC --- Base Site Controller基站控制器CDMA --- Code Division Mulitiple Code码分多址CDPD --- Cellular Digital Packet Data蜂窝分组数据系统CSC --- Cell Site Controllor小区控制器DCCH --- Digital Control Channel数字控制信道DECT --- Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications数字增强无绳电话EDACS --- Enhanced Digital Access Communications System加强的数字接入通信系统ERMES --- European Telecommunications Standards Institute欧洲无线电信息系统ESN --- Electronics Serial Number电子串号FDR --- Frequency Domain Reflectometry频域反射计FLEX --- Flexible Paging System可变速寻呼系统FOCC --- Forward Control Channel前向控制信道FVC --- Forward Voice Channel前向话音信道GSC --- Golay Sequential Coding格雷码GSM --- Global System for Mobile Communications全球移动通信系统IBASIC --- Instrument BASIC仪器BASIC语言IDC --- Instantaneous Deviation Control瞬时频偏控制IMSI --- International Mobile Station Identify国际移动台识别号码LNA --- Low Noise Amplifier低噪声放大器LPF/HPF --- Low/High Pass Filter低通/高通滤波器LSB/USB --- Lower/Upper Side Band下/上边带MCC --- Mobile Country Code移动业务国家号码MCS --- Mobile Control Station移动控制站MIN --- Mobile Identification Number移动识别码MNC --- Mobile Network Code移动电话网号码MSC ---Mobile Switching Center移动交换中心MSIN --- Mobile Station Identification Number移动台识别码MTSO --- Mobile Telephone Switching Office移动电话交换局NMSI --- National Mobile Station Identify国内移动台识别号码NMT --- Nordic Mobile Telephone北欧移动电话系统OTP --- One Time Programmable一次性编程PDC --- Personal Digital Cellular个人数字蜂窝系统PHS --- Personal Handy-Phone System个人手持电话系统PSTN --- Public Switching Telephone Network公用交换电话网RECC --- Reverse Control Channel反向控制信道RVC --- Reverse Voice Channel反向话音信道RSSI --- Receiced Signal Strength Indicator接收信号场强指示SCC --- Signalling Channel Controller信令信道控制器SCM --- Station Class Mark移动台级别标志SID --- Syste Indentification Number系统识别号TACS --- Total Access Communications System全选址通信系统TDMA --- Time Division Multiple Access时分多址UUT --- Under Unit Test被测单元VCC --- Voice Channel Controller话音信道控制器VSWR --- Voltages Standing Wave Ratio电压驻波比1997年，爱立信公司向ETSI（欧洲电信标准委员会）提出了EDGE的可行性研究方案，并在同年得到认可。

信息与通信工程专业英语

16
Introduction
The exponential growth of mobile subscribers worldwide is due to the decreasing service charges and diminishing hardware costs. The continuous development of the enabling technologies is the key.
Jin Wang
2
Subject Outline
Equalization, Diversity and Coding Techniques Linear and non-linear equalization Selection, equal-gain and maximal ratio combining Interleaving and convolution coding
William C. Y. Lee, Mobile Communications Engineering, McGraw-Hill. J. D. Parsons, The mobile radio propagation channel, Wiley, 2nd Edition. Michel Daoud Yacoub, Foundations of Mobile Radio Engineering, CRC
17
Introduction
RF technologies (such as improved frequency stability in electronics)
18
Introduction
IC design (size) Battery technology (weight and size) Higher order modulation is made possible due to

电子与通信技术专业英语第4版Unit 4 Reading Material

Today, computer vision is extensively used in non-industrial fields as well, for example, for identifying fingerprints or facial features of a suspect, distinguishing counterfeit notes and forged paintings, analyzing medical images and photographs taken by satellites, etc.
One of the most importance of these is animation, the capability to have moving images on your screen. Animation is tightly tied in with another concept called desktop video—actually creating and manipulating video images, to produce in-house presentations, rough drafts of commercial videos, or training products.
PART
20. Computer Vision
as "template matching". One by one, the templates are checked against the binary ion representing the scene. Once a match occurs, an object is identified. The template matching process continues until all possible objects in the scene have been identified, otherwise it fails (as shown in Fig.R20-2).

通信工程英语名词

通信工程英语名词Telecommunication engineering is a field that encompasses a wide array of technical terms essential for understanding the systems and processes involved in transmitting information across various media. Here are some key English terms used in the field of communication engineering:1. Bandwidth - The range of frequencies within a given band, used to measure the capacity of a channel to carry information.2. Bit Rate - The number of bits processed per unit of time, often measured in bits per second (bps).3. Carrier Signal - A wave that is modulated to transmit information, often a sine wave.4. Channel - A pathway for carrying signals, which can bea physical medium like a cable or a wireless frequency.5. Codec - A device or software that encodes and decodes digital data, often used in audio and video compression.6. Decibel (dB) - A unit used to express the ratio of two values of a physical quantity, often used to measure signal strength.7. Digital Signal Processing (DSP) - The use of digitalprocessing techniques to perform operations on signals that are in digital form.8. Encryption - The process of encoding messages or information so that only authorized parties can access it.9. Frequency Modulation (FM) - A method of transmitting information by varying the frequency of a carrier wave in proportion to the amplitude of the input signal.10. Hertz (Hz) - The unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second.11. Interference - The unwanted superposition of one signal upon another, often causing a reduction in signal quality.12. Jitter - The deviation of the signal from its ideal timing, often a problem in digital transmission.13. Kilobyte (KB) - A unit of digital information equal to 1024 bytes.14. Laser - A device that emits light (or other electromagnetic radiation) through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of photons.15. Microwave - A type of electromagnetic wave with wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter; often used for high-frequency communication.16. Network Topology - The arrangement of the elements (nodes, links, etc.) in a computer network.17. Optical Fiber - A thin strand of glass or plastic designed to transmit light signals over long distances.18. Protocol - A set of rules governing the format and transmission of data.19. QoS (Quality of Service) - The performance metrics ofa service, such as bandwidth, error rate, and latency.20. Radio Frequency (RF) - A rate of oscillation within the range extending from cycles per second to around 300 GHz.21. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) - A measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise.22. Transceiver - A combination of a transmitter and receiver in one unit, used for two-way communication.23. Uplink - The transmission link by which a mobile device sends signals to a base station or hub.24. VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) - A two-way ground station that uses satellite for communication.25. Wavelength - The distance between two corresponding points in consecutive cycles of a wave.26. XDSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - A family of technologies that provide digital data transmission over the wires of a local telephone network.27. Yagi Antenna - A directional antenna consisting of elements in a line and usually used for receiving or transmitting radio frequency signals.28. Zigbee - A specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital radios.Understanding these terms is crucial for anyone studying or working in the field of communication engineering, as they form the foundation of the language used to discuss and develop the technologies that underpin modern communication systems.。

通信工程专业英语词汇(史上最全)

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

把同位语从句可译为与主句并列的一个分句。
基于信令网的（高）速度和方便性，网管信号（传送）方便.
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
Importantly, it obviates the need for most of the per circuit signaling equipment which is necessary when channel-associated signaling is used. for most of…equipment: 作定语修饰“the need”； which:引导定语从句,修饰“the percircuit signalling equipment”； “when”引导时间状语从句。重要的是，共路信令省略了大部分的噪声抑制电路信令设备，这些设备是当使用随路信令时是必需的。
小
专业英语翻译的标准忠实（True）通顺（Smooth）专业英语的翻译方法照译转译省译赠补 Common-Channel Signaling
结
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
This was not possible with the earlier channel-associated signaling system, which were tailored to match the transmission and switching systems with which they worked, and whose message repertoires were extremely limited.
TEXT
Network-management signals will be facilitated by the fact that they can be made available from the repertoire and by the speed and flexibility of the signaling network. that：引导同位语从句,说明“the fact”.
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
Being inter processor, it is independent of switch or transmission technology；so new signalling systems do not need to be introduced in parallel with every other development in telephony. Being inter processor: 分词短语作原因状语； in parallel with…in telephony: 作状语,表示伴随情况。全句可译为“因为共路信令是跨处理器的，它独立于交换或传输技术；所以新的信令系统不需要和电话系统的每个发展同步。”
associated
non-associated quasi-associated
adj.
adj. adj
关联的,连带的,有联系的
非关联的准关联的
in parallel with
lay down at the time
与…平行,和…同时,伴随着…
规定,设计当时
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
which: 引导的定语从句修饰“the earlier channel-associated signalling system”；
whose:引导的定语从句修饰“the earlier· · ·signaling system”。翻译时可把定语从句拆译成并列分句。 tailored to…：根据...调整。这在早期的随路信令系统中是不可能的。早期的随路信令被调整到与它协同工作的传输和交换系统相匹配，并且它的全部信息极度受限。 Specialized English for Communication Engineering
图解的,概略的,示意的
配置;按配方制造;公式化;格式化终端（装置）,终止,终点分离,提取精制,明确表达,微调定界,划界,界限多样,多样性
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
flexibility tailor
NEW WORDS AND PHRASES
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
For instance, if a lower layer is responsible for correcting errors in the transmission of messages, then the layer above it can assume that all messages it sends or receives via the lower layer are error-free. If: 引导条件状语从句 it sends or receives…layer: 为省掉“that”的定语从句,“that” 在从句中作宾语,代表“all messages”。例如，如果低层负责信息传输中的错误纠正，则它的上层就会假设它通过低层传输或接收的信息是没有错误的。
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
A protocol stack thus allows the designer to divide the functions required for the signaling system into separate blocks, each of manageable proportions and with its information exchange with those above and below it defined, so that each block can be developed in isolation. required for the signalling system: 过去分词短语作定语 , 修饰 “ the functions”； A protocol…separate blocks与each of…it defined为两个并列分句 so that: 引导结果状语从句,全句是并列复杂句。因此，协议栈允许设计者把信令系统所需的功能划分成单独的模块，每个可管理部分和它的上、下层之间进行信息交换，所以每个模块可以单独的进行开发。
v.
n. n n. n. n. adj.
最优,使最佳；确定…的最佳特性
弹性,回弹能力,恢复力数据库故障,失败载体,运载工具,承载线路（信道）总开销原封不动的,无损伤的
Specialized English for Communication Engineering
NEW WORDS AND PHRASES
专业英语
——Specialized English
第二部分通信技术
Unit 4：
Common-Channel Signaling ——公共信道信令
detach
NEW WORDS AND PHRASES
vt. n. adj. 分离,分开,移出制约,限制,约束听不见的,不可闻的
constraint inaudible
quantum
obviate crucial
n.
vቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ. adj.
量,数量,量子
消除,免除关键的,关系重大的
schematic
formulate termination abstraction refinement delimitation multiplicity
adj.
vt n. n. n. n. n.
n. n. v. 灵活性可扩充性修整,制造
expandability
match
node exploit
v.
n. vt.
与…相适应,和…相符,匹配…
节点,结点利用,使用,发挥,开发
optimize
resilience database failure bearer overhead intact