英语一阅读翻译007
双语阅读007
《奥巴马签署制裁令应对网络威胁》奥巴马签署制裁令应对网络威胁Obama declares hacking threats from abroad a …national emergency‟Barack Obama has declared cyber threats from abroad a “national emergency”, as he took action to impose sanctions on overseas actors engaging in cyber attacks t hat threaten the US‟s national security or economic health.美国总统巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama)宣布来自国外的网络威胁是“国家紧急状态”，他采取行动，对发动网络攻击、危及美国国家安全或经济健康的海外行为主体实施制裁。
The US president‟s executive order gives his government new powers to target significant cyber threats that affect critical infrastructure, disrupt the availability of websites or networks, or steal trade secrets or financial information, such as large troves of credit card data.美国总统的行政命令赋予其政府新的权力，打击那些影响了关键基础设施、扰乱网站或网络的可用性、窃取商业机密或财务信息（比如大量信用卡数据）的严重网络威胁。
US officials declined to name potential targets of the new sanctions but said, as an example, that the executive order could be used against individual hackers hired by companies or countries.美国官员不愿指明新制裁的可能目标，但表示举例来说，该行政命令可被用于打击受公司或国家雇佣的个体黑客。
全新版大学英语Unit_7阅读教程翻译
不能就这样结束了那是个1月的夜晚，医院里异常安静，安静沉寂得像是暴风雨的前夕。
我站在七楼的护士值班室，看了一眼钟表，夜里九点了。
挂上听诊器，我朝712房间走去，这是位于大厅最底端的一间病房，里面有个新来的病人，威廉姆先生。
他孤零零一个人，对家人只字不提，很是奇怪。
我走进病房时，威廉姆先生期待地抬起了头，看到是他的护士，又垂下了双目。
我把听诊器贴在他胸前听了一听，心率强弱交替，跳动平稳，正是我想要的效果。
似乎看不出他几小时前曾突发过轻微的心脏病。
他在雪白的病床上抬起头。
“护士，你能不能……”。
他欲言又止，眼中噙满泪水。
我抚摸着他的手，等他说下去。
他擦掉泪水，说：“能给我女儿打个电话吗？告诉她我得了心脏病。
很轻的心脏病。
你知道么，我孤单一人，女儿是我唯一的家人了。
”他的呼吸骤然急促起来。
我把他的鼻插氧气呼吸器调高到8升每分钟。
“没问题，我会打给她，”我注视着他的表情回答。
他抓住床单，用力抬起身子，显得非常急切。
“能现在就打给她吗，越快越好，行吗？”他喘息起来，越来越快。
“我马上就打，”我拍着他的肩膀说。
我把灯关了，他闭上双眼，对于一位五十岁的人来说，这双眼睛还是那么的湛蓝。
712病房陷入了黑暗，只有水槽下的夜灯还开着。
我不愿独自丢下他，于是挪到窗边一个寂静的角落去了。
窗玻璃冷冰冰的。
向下望去，医院的停车场笼罩在薄雾中。
“护士，”他喊道，“能给我拿支铅笔和一张纸吗？”我拿来一张黄色的小纸片，从兜里掏出一支钢笔，放在了他的床头柜上。
我走回了护士值班室，坐在电话旁。
威廉姆先生的女儿是他资料表上的第一联系人。
我从问讯处查到她的号码，打了过去。
她回答的声音很温柔。
“珍妮，我是医院值班护士凯蒂。
我是替你父亲打来的。
今晚他患了轻度的心脏病入院了，他……”“什么！”她在电话里尖叫起来，吓了我一跳。
“他不会快要死了吧？”“他目前病情稳定，”我说，语气尽量听起来让她感到宽慰。
接下来一阵沉默。
“你千万不能让他死！”她说。
考研英语2020年英语一阅读参考译文
考研英语2020年英语一阅读参考译文一、文章背景介绍1. 2020年考研英语一阅读部分是考生备考过程中的难点之一。
2. 该部分考察考生的英语阅读能力和理解能力，对于考生来说具有一定的挑战性。
3. 针对2020年英语一阅读部分，提供一些参考译文，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握相关内容。
二、参考译文1. 针对每篇阅读材料，提供对应的参考译文，帮助考生理解文章内容。
2. 参考译文将根据文章内容进行准确翻译，保持原文意思的完整和准确。
3. 通过参考译文，考生可以更加深入地理解文章内容和作者观点，为答题提供帮助。
三、文章内容1. 参考译文的内容将覆盖2020年英语一阅读部分的所有阅读材料。
2. 参考译文将对每篇文章进行逐段翻译，确保考生能够准确理解每一句话的意思。
3. 通过参考译文的阅读，考生可以更好地把握文章的中心思想和细节内容，为解题提供指导。
四、阅读技巧1. 在阅读文章时，考生应该注重理解文章的中心思想和作者的观点。
2. 对于生词和长难句，考生可以借助参考译文进行理解和记忆。
3. 考生还可以通过比对原文和参考译文，提升自己的英语阅读能力和翻译水平。
五、总结1. 2020年英语一阅读部分是考研英语的重要内容之一，对于考生来说具有一定难度。
2. 通过参考译文的阅读和理解，考生可以更好地应对考试，提高阅读和翻译能力。
3. 希望考生们在备考过程中能够充分利用参考译文，取得理想的考研成绩。
阅读是考研英语考试中的重点内容之一，也是考生备考过程中需要重点关注和提高的技能之一。
在阅读部分中，考生需要具备一定的阅读理解能力和翻译能力，才能够准确理解文章内容，把握文章的中心思想和作者的观点。
针对2020年英语一阅读部分的难点和重点内容，本文将为考生提供参考译文，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握相关内容。
参考译文的提供将覆盖2020年英语一阅读部分的所有阅读材料，每篇阅读材料将配有对应的参考译文。
参考译文的翻译将准确、准确传达原文的意思，帮助考生更好地理解文章内容和作者观点。
大学英语阅读教程Unit7howtobeascientist全文翻译
大学英语阅读教程Unit7howtobeascientist全文翻译第一篇：大学英语阅读教程 Unit7how to be a scientist全文翻译How to be a scientistGina KolataAsk most people – even students majoring in science – to describe the typical life of a successful scientist, and chances are they will describe a dedicated existence: long hours in the laboratory, toiling alone among racks of test tubes and beakers.But researchers say that nothing could be further from the truth.Indeed, they say, the irony is that to succeed in science, most people have to leave the lab completely.Leading biologists and chemists say they spend no time in the laboratory.Instead they write grant proposals, travel and give talks on their group‟s research;they think up ideas for their staff of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to work on, and try their best to motivate and encourage staff members to be creative and productive.Dr.Shirley, Tilghman, a molecular biologist at Princeton University, says that most people have no idea of the skills needed to succeed in science.“I get these undergraduates in my office saying they are trying to decide between medicine and science,” Dr.Tilghman said.“They say, …I really want to go into medicine because I want to be involved with people.‟ I just say, …my God.‟ The extraordinary thing about being a principal scientific investigator is that I should have been a psychology major.I do nothing but try to motivate people, try to figure out why they‟re not working hard.Most of biology is a profession where success depends to a large extent on how you work with people.”Some researchers say that the most valuable course work forscientists may not even be science.Dr.Ponzy Lu, a chemist at the University of Pennsylvania, says his worst memories of his days as an undergraduate at the California Institute of Technology were the humanities courses he and every other science major were forced to take.“We hadto write 500 to 1,000 words a week in essays,” Dr.Lu said.“I wasn‟t good at that kind of stuff.”But as soon as he become a successful scientist, Dr.Lu said he found that rather than puttering around the laboratory conducting experiments, he had to spend his time writing grant proposals, meeting deadlines.Dr.Lu said, writing “is about all I do.” And the dreaded essay writing at Cal Tech was “the most useful thing I learned.” Some scientists are delighted to leave the laboratory and find that they can finally shine when they are judged by their ideas and their administrative skills.Yet even people who feel this way are often loath to admit it, Dr.Lu said, because it is part of the mystique of science to say you love the lab.“It‟s like Jimmy Carter saying he lusted after women,” Dr.Lu said.“You can get in a lot of trouble saying things like that.”But no matter what they think of laboratory work, most researchers say that it was not until they were in graduate school, well on their way to becoming scientists, that they realized what the career path actually is.Dr.Kenneth Gross, a molecular geneticist at Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, N.Y., remembers well his epiphany.It happened when he was a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.One day, Dr.Gross was working happily in the lab next to a postdoctoral fellow, Dr.Arthur Skoultchi, who is now at Albert Einstein College of Medicine.Full of enthusiasm, Dr.Gross said, he remarked that “the most incredible thing is that hey paid you towork in a lab.” Dr.Skoultchi, he said, replied, “Enjoy it while you can,” and explained to Dr.Gross what lay ahead.Young scientists move up the ladder from graduate student to postdoctoral fellow to assistant professor to, they hope, recipient of a federal grant.From then on, their time in the lab rapidly dwindles to nothing.Dr.Lu explained that it was not so surprising that most successful scientists ended up as thinkers rather than doers.“That‟s the whole problem with big science,”he said.“You have to have an army of people to do the work.” But, he added, “Part of what makes a person become a scientist is the desire for influence and power.And the only way you can have that is to have a group of people working on your ideas.”A typical research group at a leading university has about a dozen people, paid for mainly by grant money either from the federal government, private groups like the American Cancer Society or companies, that the principal investigator raises.Dr.Lu said that although his salary is paid by the university, he must bring in ＄300,000 a year to run his lab.This includes paying for equipment and paying the budding scientists who perform the experiments.Graduate students earn about ＄12,000 a year, some of which, is paid by fellowship;the rest comes from grant money.Postdoctoral fellows receive about ＄20,000 a year.Some scientists run huge groups that have budgets equal to those of small corporations.Dr.Jerome Groopman, an AIDS researcher at Brigham and Women‟s Hospital in Boston, said his group of about 50 people had an operating budget of ＄2 million a year.“It‟s clearly a major problem for a lot of people,”said Dr.Tom Maniatis, a molecular biologist at Harvard.“Nowhere in your education are you trained to be a manager or administer.Suddenly you are faced with writing grants andkeeping track of spending.But the most difficult challenge is managing people.I don‟t think scientists are prepared to do that at all.”From the new york times , april4,1993.怎样成为一名科学家问大多数人来形容一个成功的科学家的典型生活，和机会，他们将在实验室中描述了一个专用的存在：时间长，独自之间的试管和烧杯架劳作。
英语一阅读翻译
①If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months.②If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.
因此,埃里克森和他的同事开始研究包括足球领域在内的广泛领域中专业执行者;他们收集了能够收集的所有资料,不只是表现方面的统计数据和传记详细资料,还包括他们自己对取得很高成就的人员进行的实验室实验结果;他们的研究得出了一个非常令人惊奇的结论——我们通常称为天分的特征被高估了;或者,换句话说,专业执行者――无论是在记忆还是手术方面,在芭蕾还是计算机编程领域――几乎总是培养的,而不是天生的;
Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields
2007年考研英语一阅读翻译
2007年考研英语一阅读翻译2007年的考研英语一阅读部分，其翻译题目对于许多考生来说是一个不小的挑战。
在这一年的考试中，阅读材料涵盖了广泛的主题，包括社会问题、科学研究以及文化现象等。
考生需要具备扎实的英语功底和良好的翻译技巧，才能在有限的时间内准确、流畅地完成翻译任务。
首先，考生需要仔细阅读原文，理解文章的主旨和细节。
这不仅要求考生有较高的词汇量和语法知识，还要求他们能够把握文章的逻辑结构和作者的意图。
在阅读过程中，考生可能会遇到一些生僻词汇或者复杂的句子结构，这时候就需要运用上下文线索和已有的英语知识来推测词义和理解句意。
接下来，考生需要将理解的内容转换成中文。
这个过程需要考生具备良好的双语转换能力。
在翻译时，考生需要注意保持原文的意思不变，同时使译文符合中文的表达习惯。
这就需要考生在忠实原文的基础上，对语言进行适当的调整和润色，使之更加符合中文读者的阅读习惯。
此外，考生在翻译过程中还需要注意一些常见的翻译错误，比如逐字逐句的直译、忽视文化差异、滥用成语等。
这些错误不仅会影响译文的质量，还可能导致读者对原文意思的误解。
因此，考生在翻译时应该力求准确、自然，避免这些常见的错误。
最后，考生在完成翻译后，应该再次检查译文，确保没有遗漏或错误。
这包括检查词汇的使用是否恰当、句子结构是否合理、标点符号是否正确等。
通过仔细的校对，考生可以提高译文的质量，从而在考试中取得更好的成绩。
总的来说，2007年考研英语一的阅读翻译部分对考生的英语水平和翻译技巧提出了较高的要求。
考生需要通过大量的练习和不断的学习，提高自己的语言能力，才能在考试中取得优异的成绩。
英语阅读一全文翻译
一天的等待欧内斯特·海明威他走进我们房间关窗户的时候，我们还未起床。
我见他一副病容，全身哆嗦，脸色苍白，步履缓慢，好像一动就会引起疼痛。
“你怎么啦，宝贝？”“我头痛。
”“你最好回床上躺着。
”“不。
我没事儿。
”“你先到床上躺着。
我穿好衣服来看你。
”可是当我来到楼下时，他已穿好衣服，坐在火炉旁。
这个九岁的男孩，看上去病得厉害，一副可怜的模样。
我用手摸了摸他的额头，知道他发烧了。
“你到楼上去躺一躺，”我说。
“你病了。
”“我没有病。
”他说。
医生来后，量了孩子的体温。
“多少度？”我问医生。
“一百零二度。
”下楼前，医生留下用不同颜色胶囊包装的三种药丸，并嘱咐如何服用。
一种药退烧，另一种润肠通便，还有一种是去酸药。
他解释说，流感细菌只能在酸性环境中生存。
他似乎对流感很内行，并说，如果发烧不超过一百零四度，就用不着担心。
这是轻度流感，只要当心不引起肺炎，就没有什么危险。
我回到房里，记下孩子的体温，并记下各种胶囊的服用时间。
“要不要让我读点书给你听？”“好的，如果你想读的话，”孩子说。
他的脸色十分苍白，眼窝下方有黑晕。
他躺在床上一动不动，对周围发生的一切漠然置之。
我朗读霍华德?派尔的《海盗故事》，但我看得出他并不在听。
“你感觉怎么样，宝贝儿？”我问他。
“到目前为止，还是老样子，”他说。
我坐在床脚旁自个儿看书，等着到时间再给他服一粒药丸。
按理，他本该睡着了。
然而，当我抬头看时，他却双眼盯着床脚，神情异常。
“你为什么不睡一会儿呢？到吃药时，我会叫醒你的。
”“我还是醒着好。
”过了一会儿，他对我说：“你不必呆在这里陪我，爸爸，要是这事令你烦恼的话。
”“没有什么可烦恼的。
”“不，我是说，要是这事终将给你带来烦恼的话，你就不必呆在这里。
”我想，或许他有点儿神志不清了。
十一点钟，照规定给他服药后，我便出去了一会儿。
那是个晴朗而又寒冷的日子，雨加雪在地上覆着一层冰，那光秃秃的树木，那灌木丛，那砍下的树枝，以及所有的草坪和空地都像用冰漆过似的。
英语阅读(一)课文句子翻译
英语阅读（一）课文句子翻译1. A Day’s Wait 一天的等待1、He came into the room to shut the windows while we were still in bedand I saw he looked ill. He was shivering, his face was white, and he walked slowly as though it ached to move.他走进我们房间关窗户的时候，我们还未起床。
我见他一副病容，全身哆嗦，脸色苍白，步履缓慢，好象一动就会引起疼痛。
2、But when I came downstairs he was dressed, sitting by the fire, lookinga very sick and miserable boy of nine years. When I put my hand on hisforehead I knew had a fever.可是当我来到楼下时，他已穿好衣服，坐在火炉旁。
这个九岁的男孩，看上去病得厉害，一副可怜的模样。
我用手摸了摸他的额头，知道他发烧了。
3、“All right. If you want to,” said the boy. His face was very white andthere were dark areas under his eyes. He lay still in the bed and seemed very detached from what was going on.“好的，如果你想读的话，” 孩子说。
他的脸色十分苍白，眼窝下方有黑晕。
他躺在床上一动不动，对周围发生的一切漠然置之。
3. Bringing up Children培养孩子1、It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.一个人儿童时代的经历在很大程度上决定了他的性格和未来的个性，这一点是被大家所公认的。
新标准大学英语综合教程1 课文翻译及课后翻译题答案
.ni klaw lla ew dna ,rood eht kcolnu I ,8 mooR dnif ew ,htaerb fo trohs dna ecaf eht ni der rehtom ym htiw ,yllaniF .1 1TINU
我�锁门开打我。气下接不气上得累�脸了红涨经已妈妈�候时的间房号 8 到找于终们我等
rehserf a fo yraiD 1 gnidaeR evitcA 1 tinU
�
�习学译翻照对再后文原遍几读阅主自先请
1 程教合综语英学大准标新
�佩敬人令确的书些这读能人的中高过上没个一然虽 �说小的尔维尔梅和基斯夫也妥思陀过读 我然虽�说士女位那的室公办生招是可。学文解了得非我么什为道知不我。 ”史育教国美“ 和”论概学文“ �程课门两修选我许允只们他�作工职全份一有且而生业毕中高是不我于由 �选节� 》录忆回《
。史育教 国美读研起一们我后然�我上爱而继�动打我被会她定不说。的说小的尔维尔梅和基斯夫也 妥思陀读何如是我生女个那诉告以可我 。的胆破吓子孩把么怎是们他谈谈 �式方活生的谨拘 端极们他和徒教清谈谈儿块一 �馆啡咖的村治尼林格是或厅餐助自的校学去起一她和意愿我 。容内么什握掌该我试考中期后周七付应道知否是个一的中其问问想我 �人迷亮漂生女的上班 。的措所知不 会定肯我候时到�话的多之页 007 有又本课而�讲啊讲地停不授教果如�呢出里哪从会题 问试考是可�试考末期有�试考中期有�试考有会道知我�呢生学大个是我慕羡都家大让好 �铁地坐它着带要我么什为�呢 》史育教国美《 的厚厚本这买要我么什为 �磨琢始开我来下接 。的似要重很都字个每的出说里 嘴授教林格从像好就�记地停不们生女。活忙更生男比生女�了响更声沙沙的记笔记里室教 。想思的动运革改 教宗了现体度态的子孩对们他 �观界世的动运革改教宗了承继们他 �物产的动运革改教宗是 徒教清�看远长从。品成现的降而天从是并念观�们我诉告授教�着接。为认何如该道知 不真还我�题问育教的们他及徒教清对可。„„为认我�嗯�说�言发手举会也我天一有总 。„„为认我�嗯�说是总们他。言发手举地信自容从都学同他其 。样一不们他和我道知 会就们他�口开一我要只�凭文中高有都人个每的上班道知我但�苦痛的受遭所下治统的国 英在来年百几人兰尔爱授教诉告手举想真我 。人兰尔爱是其尤 �人别害迫处到是总人国英而 �人国英是就身本徒教清为因 �解不惑大我让这 �害迫教宗避逃了为是国英开离徒教清说授教 �了腔土兰尔爱到听是不是我�说着笑微是总们人�时话 说音美用着试我。道地不并得说却我是可�话说音口国美用试尝以可我。谁是竟究伙家的音 口带话说个那道知不�我着盯会都学同班全为因�做么那能不远永我可�题问问手举学同些 有�吗住记要都我话句一每的说她�呢的要重是些哪话的说上台讲在她道知么怎我 。么什儿 点记该道知己自望希真我 。记笔记地停不在都全学同的围周我 。的代一下的们他育教何如是 徒教清国英的国美居移讲们我给上台讲在授教林格 ?辛克玛 。史育教国美——课门一听里堂 课学大在坐就在现我 �影电些那的看克里默利在我前以久很自来都部全解了的堂课学大对我 。了光目的羡艳来投我向会就客乘的里铁地样这�来起套 们它把封护的间相白紫学大约纽用后然 �本课的要需所买去是就事件一第 �了然飘飘得乐我 。识知景背化文 的博广备具我使能”史育教国美“ �面全不育教洲欧的受接我于由说她。课修必是课门这但
英语一阅读翻译
2006Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference”;American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse;and the casualness and absence of deference”characteristic of popular culture. People ar e absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th——century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite;” these were stores “anyone cou ld enter; regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media; advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.不管我们如何喋喋不休地谈论差别;美国社会实际上是一台同化人们的神奇的机器..这就是民主化的着装和言谈;并且还有种随意和缺乏尊重感;这些构成了通俗文化的特性..人们被一种消费文化所吸引了;这种文化是由十九世纪在高雅的氛围中陈列着琳琅满目的商品的百货商店所开始的.. 他们不是为了迎合有知识的精英们而开设的专门商店;而是创建了“不分阶层和背景人人都可以进入”的大众商店..这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为..大众传媒、广告和体育也是协助人们均质化的推动力..Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture; which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum; Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900; 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990; 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1;000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890; 9.2 for every 1; 000. Now; consider three indices of assimilation–language; home ownership and intermarriage.尽管这种文化并不算高雅;但也算不上有害;移民们很快就融入了这种共同文化..Gregory Rodriguez为美国移民研讨会撰文指出;今天的移民既不是处于空前的水平;也不抵制同化..在1998年;移民占全国人口的9.8%；在1900年为13.6%..在1990年以前的十年之中;在每千位居民当中;有千分之3.1的新来的移民；而在1890年以前的十年之中;每千位居民当中就有千分之9.2的移民..现在;让我们来看一下三个同化指标——语言、拥有产权住房和异族结婚情况..The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants fr om each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation; the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign–born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a homeownership rate of 75.6 percent; higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. 1990年的人口普查透露：“来自十五个移民数量最多的国家的移民在到美国十年后英语说得‘好’或‘很好’..”移民的子女几乎都说两种语言;且精通英语..“到了第三代;在大多数移民家庭;他们的母语就消失了..”因此;有人就把美国描述成了“语言的坟场”..到了1996年;出生于国外的、在1970年以前到达美国的移民有75.6%购置了自己的住房;这个数字高出土生土长的美国人的拥有自己所有权住房的百分比——69.8%..Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “hav e higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S–born whites and blacks.” By the third generation; one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics; and 41 percent of Asian–American women are married to non-Asians.在国外出生的亚裔和西班牙裔移民“与美国本土白人和黑人相比;与异族通婚的比率要高..”到了第三代;有三分之一的西班牙裔女性与非西班牙裔男性结婚;而有41%亚裔美国妇女与非亚裔男性结婚..Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks; yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”罗得里格斯写道;即使那些住在世界各地偏僻村庄的孩子们都是诸如阿诺.施瓦辛格和加思.布鲁克斯等明星的星迷;然而“一些美国人却害怕住在美国的移民不知为何能不受这个国家的同化力量的影响”..Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America Indeed. It is big enough to ha ve a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America‘s turbulent past; today’s social induces hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.在美国是否存在不和以及潜在的不安答案是肯定的;因为这个国家足够大以至于什么现象都存在..但是与美国动荡狂暴的过去相比;如今的社会基本不能说明美国的社会环境正变得黑暗;且正在恶化..Text 2Stratford-on-Avon; as we all know; has only one industry-William Shakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company RSC; which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come; not to see the plays; but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage; Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.众所周知Stratford-on-Avon只有一个特色;那就是威廉莎士比亚;但这儿却有两个相互独立的部门;他们随着时间的变化而日益变得敌对..这儿有皇家莎士比亚公司RSC; 它在Avon的莎士比亚纪念剧院里将很多优秀的戏剧作品呈现给大家..这儿的居民大部分是靠挣来游玩的游客的钱来维持生计;这些游客并不是来看戏剧的;而是来看Anne Hathaway的庄园;莎士比亚的出生地和其他的景色.. The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors; them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare; who earns their living; was himself an actor with a beard and did his share of noise - making.Stratford的当地乡绅们都质疑剧院有没有为当地的税收收入做一点贡献..他们直言讨厌RSC的演员;这些演员留着长头发;长胡须;拖着凉鞋;吵吵嚷嚷..这真是一种绝妙的讽刺;当你想到作为他们摇钱树的莎士比亚;自己也是个演员;留着胡子;一起大吵大闹..The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side–don’t usually see theplays; and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However; the playgoers do manage a little sight - seeing along with their play- going. It is the playgoers; the RSC contends; who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night some of them four or five nights pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.游客群并不是完全分开的..游览者乘公车来;;经常会去游览Warwick城堡和Blenheim宫殿;通常不会去看戏;并且他们中的一些人甚至会对在Stratford能找到剧院感到惊讶..然而;看戏者只花少量的时间在观光上;也就是在戏剧演出时顺便看看..RSC主张;是看戏者给城镇带来大量的税收;因为他们通常花整晚上时间有些是四到五个晚上在旅馆或饭店里大量消费..然而游览者在当天的黄昏前就能把所有事情做完了;然后离开小镇..The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there; which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars; the Lear Lounge; the Banquo Banqueting Room; and so forth; and will be very expensive.当地居民并不这么认为;地方政府也直接没有给予RSC补贴..Stratford一向都会哭穷..然而城镇上每一家旅馆似乎都增加了新的部门或是鸡尾酒酒吧..希尔顿也在这儿建了一座自己的酒店;这里肯定可以能看到被装饰一新的哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧;Lear休息室;宴会厅等等..进一步说;这里消费将很贵..Anyway; the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1;431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better. The reason; of course; is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.总之;居民不明白为什么RSC需要补贴..剧院已经打破了连续三年以来的就座率纪录..去年整年的1431个座位的就坐率达到了94%;今年将会更高..当然;原因是;演戏的花费高了;然而票价仍然很低..It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays; not the sights. They all seem to look alike though they come from all over–lean; pointed; dedicated faces; wearing jeans and sandals; eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.大幅增加票价是一件很为难的事情;因为这样会把Stratford的最有魅力的顾客－年轻人赶走..他们完全是为了戏而来;不是为风景..他们看起来都一个样虽然他们从各个地方而来——消瘦、率直、专注的脸庞;穿着牛仔裤和便鞋;吃着小圆面包;在剧场外的石板上过夜;以便能买得到20张座票和80张站票;这些票都是为那些睡觉的人准备的;并且在票房第二天上午10点半开始售票时就卖给他们..Text 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world; something strange happened to the large animals. they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. Thelarge; slow-growing animals were easy game; and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.当史前的人到达世界的一个新的地方时;那里的大部分动物就会发生奇怪的事情..它们突然灭绝了..小部分动物种族存活了下来;但大部分的;成长缓慢的动物则成了狩猎的目标;并且很快被狩猎到灭绝..现在相类似的事情发生在大海中.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass the amount of living biological matter of fish species in particular parts of the ocean; but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature; the biomass of large predators animals that kill and eat other animals in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas; it has halved again since then.这些年在海中的捕捞活动太过频繁;就像Ransom Myers和Boris Worm这些年所研究的;事物在迅速地变化着..他们研究了半个世纪以来世界上所有的鱼场..他们的方法不是为了试图估算特定区域的海洋中实际动物总数活着生物的总数;而是研究单位面积中海洋生物数量的变化..根据他们最近在自然杂志上发表的文章;大型食肉的海洋生物一种杀死和吃其它动物的生物的总量在15年的时间里已经减少了平均80%..在一些大型的捕鱼场;这个数量已经减半..Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar; which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught; so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days; too; lonelines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught; since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them; leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore; in the early days of longline fishing; a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem; because there are fewer sharks around now.Worm博士承认这些数字还只是保守数字;一个原因是今天的捕鱼技术已经大大改善;可以通过卫星和声波这些在50年前不可能有的东西来发现猎物;这同50年前相比意味着可以捕获更多的海洋生物;所以现在和过去的真正差距可能会比之前在捕获区记录的数据所体现出的更糟糕..在早期的时候;多勾的鱼杆线已经对鱼不起作用了..因此有一些鱼种没被抓到;往后没有鱼饵的鱼钩根本捕不到鱼;导致过去的捕鱼业受到轻视..而且;早期用鱼钩捕鱼的日子;有许多鱼在它们上钩后被鲨鱼给吃了..那不再是个问题;因为现在鲨鱼已经很少了..Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline; which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists; that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can becropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that; which is a bad way to be business. Dr. Myers和Dr. worm声称说;他们的工作已经确定了一个正确的基本方针;这个方针是未来管理中必须要使用的..他们认为数据恰恰体现了一个海洋生物学家都支持的观点..这个观点就是“改变基线”..这个概念就是说人们已经很难观察得到大范围海洋中发生的变化;因为他们只是回顾从过去以来相对短的时间..这确有其事;因为理论告诉我们如果一个渔场的总储量如果连起初的最大可承受的捕鱼量的50％都不到;就应该降低捕鱼数量了..大多数渔场远远低于这个数;这是对以后的捕鱼业非常不利的..Text 4Many things make people think artists are weird.But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions; and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. 许多事情让人们觉得艺术家很古怪..最古怪可能是：艺术家的唯一工作就是寻找情感;然而他们所关注的对象大多是那些不幸的人..This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art; like painting and music; are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward;more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless; phony or; worst of all; boring ;as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.当然不总是那样..艺术的最早形式;像绘画和音乐;都是最适合表达快乐的..但在19世纪的某个时期;更多的艺术家开始把快乐看成无意义的;假冒的;甚至是最糟的..我们可以从Wordsworth的黄水仙到Baudelaire的罪恶之花看出这种变化.. You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war; disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason;in fact;may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.你可能会争论艺术变得对幸福如此怀疑是因为在现代看到了这样的苦难..但这并不是因为在早期不了解持久的战争;灾难和大规模的屠杀无辜..事实上;原因可能与之相反：现在世界上有太多快乐要去谴责..After all; what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media; and with it; a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.归根结底;几乎完全致力于描写快乐的那种现代表现方式是什么呢广告..反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全与大众传媒同步出现;而随之兴起了一种商业文化;在这种文化中;快乐不仅是一个抽象概念;而是一种意识形态..People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted; lived with few protections and died young. In the West; before mass communication and literacy; the most powerful mass medium was the church; which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this; they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. 早期的人们被悲痛之使者所萦绕..他们工作到筋疲力尽;生活几无保障;年纪轻轻就命丧黄泉..在西方;在大众传媒和文学普及之前;最有效的大众媒体是教堂;它提醒信徒们;他们的灵魂处于危险之中;他们总有一天会成为蛆虫的食物..在这种信仰下;他们对此已十分了然;无须其艺术再表现这种失落感..Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial and forever happy .Fast-food eaters; news anchors; text messengers; all smiling; smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets－they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate”Commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex; before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.今天;你们普通西方人面对的围绕我们四周的信息不是宗教的;而是商业的;而且一直让人快乐.. 快餐食客、新闻主播、发短信的人;都在笑啊笑啊..我们的杂志突出刊登满面春风的名人和美满幸福的家庭..这样的消息都有一项任务——即引诱我们打开钱包去使这些看起来并不可靠的快乐变得真实起来..“欢庆吧”宣传关节炎良药西乐葆的广告这样号召道;随后我们却发现它能增加心脏病的发病率.. But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting——is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today; surrounded by promises of easy happiness; we need art to tell us; as religion once did; Memento mori: remember that you will die; that everything ends; and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitt er than a clove cigarette; yet; somehow; a breath of fresh air.但是我们所忘记的是――我们的经济依赖着我们的遗忘――经过痛苦得来的快乐比没有经过痛苦得来的快乐好得多..带给我们最大快乐的事件;同时也暗含着巨大的损失和失望..现在;在耳边充斥着能轻易得到快乐的承诺时;我们需要有人告诉我们;正如宗教曾经所做;死亡警示：记住你会死;一切将会终结; 快乐虽然到来;但是它不能消除苦难;而是与其共存..这可能比抽烟更加毒害人的健康;然而;不知为何;也许会带来一股清新的气息..。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”
2007 Text 1
①If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months.②If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.
如果你打算在2006年世界杯锦标赛上调查所有足球运动员的出生证明，那么你很有可能发现一个引人注目的巧合：优秀足球运动员更可能出生于每年的前几个月而不是后几个月。如果你接着调查世界杯和职业比赛的欧洲国家青年队的话，那么你会发现这一奇怪的现象甚至更明显。
③What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.
58岁的安德斯•埃里克森是佛罗里达州立大学的一名心理学教授，他说，他坚信“以上各项都不是”这一猜测。在瑞典长大的埃里克森，一直研究核工程，直到他认识到，如果他转向心理学领域，他将会有更多机会从事自己的研究。他的首次试验是在大约30年以前进行的，与记忆相关：训练一个人先听一组任意挑选的数字，然后复述这些数字。“在经过大约20小时的训练之后，第一个试验对象（复述）的数字跨度从7个上升到20个，”埃里克森回忆说。“该试验对象不断进步，在接受大约200个小时的训练后，他复述的数字已经达到80多个。”
④This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.