计算机专业英语Unit02_SectionA_Computer_Hardware

Computer Hardware—Input Hardware
A mouse is a pointing device designed to be gripped by one hand. It has a detection device (usually a ball) on the bottom that enables the user to control the motion of an on-screen pointer, or cursor, by moving the mouse on a flat surface. As the device moves across the surface, the cursor moves across the screen. To select items or choose commands on the screen, the user presses a button on the mouse.
Although microprocessors are still technically considered to be hardware, portions of their function are also associated with computer software. Since microprocessors have both hardware and software aspects they are therefore often referred to as firmware. 尽管微处理器在技术上仍被认为是硬件，其部 分功能也与计算机软件有关系。既然微处理器同时 具有硬件与软件方面的特征，它们因此经常被称作 固件。
5/29
Computer Hardware—Input Hardware
II.Input Hardware Input hardware consists of external devices—that is, components outside of the computer’s CPU—that provide information and instructions to the computer.
Computer English
(Fourth Edition)
Unit 2,Section A Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware—Introduction
2/29
Computer Hardware—Introduction
I. Introduction Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and consists of the components that can be physically handled. The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: input, output, and storage. Components in these categories connect to microprocessors, specifically, the computer’s central processing unit (CPU), the electronic circuitry that provides the computational ability and control of the computer, via wires or circuitry called a bus.
Software, on the other hand, is the set of instructions a computer uses to manipulate data, such as a word-processing program or a video game. These programs are usually stored and transferred via the computer’s hardware to and from the CPU. Software also governs how the hardware is utilized; for example, how information is retrieved from a storage device. The interaction between the input and output hardware is controlled by software called the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) software.
•X and Y rollers grip the ball and transfer movement 鼠标是为一只手抓握而设计的指示设备。它在底部有一个检测 •Optical encoding disks include light holes. 装置（通常是一个圆球），使用户通过在一个平面上移动鼠标能够控 •Infrared LEDs shine through the disks. 制屏幕上指针或光标的运动。当鼠标滑过平面的时候，光标随着在屏 •Sensors gather light pulses to convert to X and Y vectors. 幕上移动。要在屏幕上选择项目或命令，用户就点击鼠标上的按钮。 9/29
I.引言
计算机硬件是计算机运行所需要的设备，由可进行物理 处理的元件组成。这些元件的功能一般分为3个主要类别：输入、输 出和存储。这些类别的元件与微处理器相连接，特别是与计算机的 中央处理器相连接，而后者是通过被称之为总线的线路或电路来提 供计算能力和对计算机进行控制的电子电路。
3/29
Computer Hardware—Introduction
II.输入硬件 输入硬件由给计算机提供信息和指令的外部设 备——亦即计算机中央处理器以外的元件——组成。
A light pen is a stylus with a light sensitive tip that is used to draw directly on a computer’s video screen or to select information on the screen by pressing a clip in the light pen or by pressing the light pen against the surface of the screen. The pen contains light sensors that identify which portion of the screen it is passed over.
光笔是具有光敏端头的输入笔，用来在计算机屏幕上直接写画， 或者通过按光笔上的夹子或用光笔接触屏幕来在屏幕上选择信息。 6/29 这种笔含有光传感器，能够识别屏幕上笔经过的部分。
Computer Hardware—Input Hardware
stylus:Input n. 铁笔 II.Input Hardware hardware consists of tip: n. 尖端，技巧 external devices—用来刻画、雕刻的细长而尖利的工 that is, components outside of the the ~ of a finger 指尖 computer’s CPU—具；留声机的唱针 that provide information and ~s 小贴士，小技巧 instructions to the computer.
鼠标是为一只手抓握而设计的指示设备。它在底部有一个检测 装置（通常是一个ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ球），使用户通过在一个平面上移动鼠标能够控 制屏幕上指针或光标的运动。当鼠标滑过平面的时候，光标随着在屏 幕上移动。要在屏幕上选择项目或命令，用户就点击鼠标上的按钮。8/29
Mechanical mouse; Computer Hardware Input Hardware Optical— mouse; Wireless mouse; Bluetooth A mouse is a pointing device mouse. designed to be gripped by one hand. It has a detection device (usually a ball) on the bottom that enables the user to control the motion of an on-screen pointer, or cursor, by moving the mouse on a flat surface. As the device moves across the surface, the cursor moves across the screen. To select Operating items or choose commands on the screen, an mechanical mouse. the user presses a turns button on the mouse. •moving the mouse the ball.
另一方面，软件是计算机用来处理数据的一套指令，如文字处理程 序或者视频游戏。这些程序通常被存储起来，并由计算机硬件调入和调 出中央处理器。软件也控制着硬件如何使用；例如，如何从存储设备中 检索信息。输入与输出硬件的交互作用是由基本输入/输出系统（BIOS） 软件控制的。 4/29
Computer Hardware—Introduction
II.输入硬件 输入硬件由给计算机提供信息和指令的外部设 备——亦即计算机中央处理器以外的元件——组成。