第八章计算机专业英语2008年影印版word
计算机专业英语2008影印版-复习资料
Unit 11.Operating systems are programs that coordinate computer resources,provide an interfacebetween user and the computer,and run applications. 协调计算机资源,用户和计算机之间提供一个接口,运行应用程序。
2.Device drivers are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devicesto communicate with the rest of the computer system. 设备驱动程序是专门的程序设计为允许特定的输入或输出设备与计算机系统的其余部分。
3.System unit:the system unit is a container that houses most of the electronic components thatmake up a computer system. 系统单元:系统单元是一个容器,房子的大部分电子元件组成一个计算机系统。
4.Optical discs use laser technology and have the greatest capacity光盘使用激光技术和具有最大的能力5.*Connectivity is the capability of your microcomputer to share information with othercomputers连接是微机的功能与其他计算机共享信息6.Procedures are rules or guidelines to follow when using software,hardware,and date.they aretypically documented in manuals written by computer professionals. 程序规则或指导方针在使用软件,硬件,和日期。
计算机专业英语影印版（compu...
Crossword Puzzle Answers:Open Ended Questions:1.Describe system software. What are the four types of system programs?System software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handlethe majority of technical details. System software is not a single program. Rather it is a collection or a system of programs that handle hundreds of technical details with little or no userintervention. System software consists of four types of programs:• Operating systems coordina te computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications.• Utilities, also known as service programs, perform specific tasks related to managing computerresources.• Device drivers are specialized programs that all ow particular input or output devices tocommunicate with the rest of the computer system.• Language translators convert the programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process.2.What are the basic functions of every operating system? What are the three basic operatingsystem categories?Every operating system performs various functions. These functions are:• Managing resources:These programs coordinate all the computer’s resources includingmemory, processing, storage, and devices such as printers and monitors. They also monitorsystem performance, schedule jobs, provide security, and start up the computer.• Providing user interface: Users interact with application programs and computer hardware through a user interface.• Running applications: These programs load and run applications such as word processors and spreadsheets. Most operating systems support multitasking, or the ability to switch between different applications stored in memory.The three main categories of Operating systems are:• Embedded operating systems - The entire operating system is stored within or embedded in the device and permanently stored on ROM.• Network operating systems (NOS) are used to control and coordinate computers that are networked or linked together.• Stand-alone operating systems control a single desktop or notebook computer.3.Explain the differences and similarities betw een Windows, Mac OS, and Linux.They all perform the basic functions of an operating system. They manage resources, provide a user interface, and run applications. They all use a graphical user interface, and can network small groups of computers.The differences are as follows:Windows– has 90 percent of the market operating system market share, more applicationprograms are developed to run under Windows than any other operating system, designed to run with Intel and Intel-compatible microprocessors. The new version, Vista, has Advanced system security, a Three-dimensional workspace, and utilizes WinFS, makes it possible to locate files based on a description of their content.MAC OS- Designed to run on Apple machines, but with the latest version can also run on Intel microprocessors. It is not as widely used as Windows, but is one of the most innovativeoperating systems. It includes utilities such as Spotlight which is an advanced search tool that can rapidly locate files, folders, email messages, addresses, and much more, and Dashboard Widgets which are a collection of specialized programs that will constantly update and display information.Linux– Of the three operating systems, it is the only one that is an open source. It is a version of UNIX. It runs on powerful microcomputers and by servers on the Web. It encourages others to modify and further develop the code.4.Discuss utilities. What are the five most essential utilities? What is a utility suite?Utilities are specialized programs designed to make computing easier. The most essential are • Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs that recognize and correct problems, ideally before they become serious.• Antivirus programs that guard your computer system against viruses or other damagingprograms that can invade your computer system.• Uninstall programs that allow you to safely and completely remove unneeded programs and related files from your hard disk.• Backup programs that make copies of files to be used in case the originals are lost or damaged.• File compression programs that reduce the size of files so they require less storage space and can be sent more efficiently over the Internet.Utility suites combine several programs into one package. Buying the package is less expensive than buying the programs separately.5.Explain the role of device drivers. Discuss the Add Printer Wizard and WindowsUpdate.Every device, such as a mouse or printer, that is connected to a computer system has a special program associated with it. This program, called a device driver, works with the operating system to allow communication between the device and the rest of thecomputer system. Each time the computer system is started, the operating system loads all of the device drivers into memory.Windows’ Add Printer Wizard provides step-by-step guidance for selecting theappropriate printer driver and installing that driver.Windows Update makes it easy to update the drivers on your computer.1.Writing About Technology exercise #1 Antitrust has students research and write aboutthe legal and ethical ramifications of Microsoft’s antitrust lawsuit and domination of the software market.Web Tools1.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #3 Customized Desktop has students explore theWeb to learn about desktop customization. They need to explain the answer they found and how they could use them.Software Tools1.Applying Technology exercise #1 Virus Protection explores what viruses are, how acomputer system can be protected, and what means the student has taken in the past toprotect a computer system.2.Applying Technology exercise #2 Windows Update has the student explore what thefunction Windows Update is, how to configure it, and when to use it.3.Applying Technology exercise #3 WinZip has the student research the functionality ofthe WinZip program, what are some of its uses, and how to use it.4.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Virus Protection Works explores whatviruses are, and how a computer system can be protected. It also has the student writeabout the steps they have taken in the past to protect a system and if was effective or not.5.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #2 Booting and POST has the student research theboot process, the definition of BIOS, and what can be achieved by customizing theprocess.Writing Skills1.Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Virus Protection Works explores whatviruses are, and how a computer system can be protected. It also has the student writeabout the steps they have taken in the past to protect a system and if was effective or not.2.Writing About Technology exercise #1 Antitrust has students research and write aboutthe legal and ethical ramifications of Microsoft’s antitrust lawsuit and domination of the software market.3.Writing About Technology exercise #2 Online Backup has students research and write apaper on online backup options.。
计算机专业英语Unit8
Unit 8 Section 1
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Zhang Hua: Then are there any special requirements for a computer in multimedia applications? Mr. Wang: Actually most PCs today have good multimedia features. They have dual- or single-core CPUs clocked at 3.0 GHz or faster, at least 1GB of RAM, and a 128 MB or higher video card. Popular graphics cards include Nvidia Gforce or ATI Radeon. Zhang Hua: So there is a wide selection for us now. Mr. Wang: Right. Multimedia applications were uncommon due to the expensive hardware required until the mid-1990s. However, with increases in performance and decreases in price, now they are commonplace. Of course, we can make different choices depending on our specific purposes. Zhang Hua: I see. Thank you very much for your explanation, Mr. Wang. Mr. Wang: You’re welcome.
计算机专业英语2008影印版句子词语翻译(小抄版)
○11.Visual chapter openers and summaries具视觉效果的开篇和总结2.On the Web explorations 网络资源3.Tips 小贴士，小窍门4.Making IT work for you 为你所用5.Concept checks and review 检查6.Key terms 核心词汇7.Careers in IT 信息技术相关职业8.Procedures (指令，操作说明)9.Software (软件)10.Hardware (硬件)11.Blocking spam 垃圾邮件过滤软件12.Speech Recognition 语音识别软件13.Virus Protection and Internet Security14.网络安全软件 Tuner Cards and Video Clips电视卡和视频编辑软件16.Web Cams and Instant Messaging网络视频摄像头和即时通讯17.Music from the Internet网络音乐下载、上传和编辑18.Home Networking 家庭网络19.Spyware Removal 间谍软件移除工具20.Job Opportunities 网络就业机会搜索软件21.Operation system 操作系统22.Coordinate resources 协调资源23.Interface 提供接口24.Run applications 运行应用程序25.Utilities 公共实用程序26.Device drivers 设备驱动程序27.Browser 浏览器程序28.Microsoft Office 办公软件29.Basic application 基础应用程序itary or Government军事政府31.Research institute 研究机构32.Insurance companies 保险公司33.Mainframe computers 大型机，主机34.Supercomputers 超级计算机35.Minicomputers 中型电脑36.Microcomputers 微机个人计算机37.Desktop computer 台式电脑38.Notebook computer, laptop computers手提式、膝上轻便电脑39.Tablet PC 支持手写的平板电脑40.Handheld computer 掌上电脑41.Windows mobile 操作系统42.Electronic Dictionary 电子词典43.Palm computer 掌上电脑44.Handheld computer 手持电脑itary PDA 军用PDA46.System unit：microprocessor and memory微处理器和内存47.Input/output devices 输入和输出48.Keyboard 键盘49.Mouse 鼠标50.Monitor 显示器printer 打印机51.Secondary storage 辅助存储器pact discs (CD) 激光盘53.Digital versatile or video discs (DVD) 数字化视频光盘54.High-definition discs (HDD) 高清盘55.Document files 文字处理56.Worksheet files 工作表单57.Database files 数据库文件58.Presentation files 演示文件puter competency refers to acquiring computer-related skills-indispensable tools for today.2.Present an overview of an information system 概述信息系统3.Understand these basic parts and how connectivity through the Internet.5大组成部分及如何访问网络4.Filled out computerized forms, took computerized tests 填写电脑化的表格和考试5.People are surely the most important part of any information system. 人是信息系统中最重要的组成元素6.Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems. 我们的生活每天都要接触计算机、信息系统分不开7.Making IT Work for You：presentinteresting and practical IT applications. 实用的信息技术应用8.Tips：suggestions ranging from the basicsof keeping your computer system runningsmoothly to how to protect your privacy whilesurfing the Web. 关于计算机运用和网上冲浪安全的提示和建议9.Careers in IT：provides job descriptions,projected employment demands, educationalrequirements, current salary ranges, andadvancement opportunities. 信息技术相关的工作puting Essentials Web site：moreinformation on the Web. 本课本相关的网络资源11.Software are the instructions that tell thecomputer how to process date into the form youwant. 软件就是指导计算机把数据转换成信息的指令12.In the most case, the words software andprograms are interchangeable. 大多时候，软件和程序的概念是可以互换的13.系统软件是应用软件和计算机硬件的中间连接件。
计算机专业英语翻译2008影印版
CHAPTER 11. SOFTWARE (P7)Software, as we mentioned(提到的), is another name for programs. Programs are the instructions(指令)that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want. In most cases, the words software and programs are interchangeable(可以互换的). There are two major kinds of software: system software and application(应用软件) software. You can think of application software as the kind you use. Think of system software as the kind the computer uses.软件，正如我们所提到的，它的另外一个名字叫程序。
程序是告诉计算机如何按照你的想法处理数据的一系列指令集。
在大多数情况下，软件和程序是可以互换。
主要有两个不同种类的软件：系统软件和应用程序软件。
你可以认为软件是你使用的那类，系统软件就是给电脑使用的那类。
2. (P11)System unit: The system unit is a container(容器) that houses(装载/收藏) most of the electric components(组件)that make up（组成）a computer system. Two important components of the system unit are the microprocessor(微处理器) and memory(内存). The microprocessor controls(控制)and manipulates(处理)data to produce information. Many times the microprocessor is contained(放置) within a protective(受保护的) cartridge(盒子). Memory, also known as primary storage(主存) or random access memory (RAM)(随机存取存储器), holds(保存) data and program instructions(指令) for processing the data. It also holds the processed information before it is output. Memory is sometimes referred to as temporary(暂时的) storage because its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted(消失).系统单元：系统单元是一个装满许多电子组件的容器，构成一个计算机系统。
计算机专业英语2008影印版 翻译
P4:People: It is easy to overlook people as one of the five parts of an information system. Yet this is what microcomputers are all about –making people, end users like you, more productive.人们很容易忽视的一个信息系统的五个部分。
但这正是微型计算机都是关于——让人们，和你一样的终端用户，更有效率。
Procedures:The rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software , hardware, and data are procedures. These procedures are typically documented in manuals written by computer specialists. Software and hardware manufacturers provide manuals with thire products. These manuals are provided either in printed or electronic form.程序:规则或指导人们在使用软件时,硬件和数据的程序。
这些程序通常记录在手册由计算机专家写的。
软件和硬件制造商提供与他们产品手册。
这些手册是在印刷或电子形式提供。
Software: A program consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. Software is anther name for a program or programs. The purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts). For example, a payroll program would instruct the computer to take the number of hours you worked in a week (data) and multiply it by your pay rate (data) to determine how much you are paid for the week (information).软件:一个程序包括循序渐进的指示,告诉计算机如何工作。
计算机专业英语(2008影印版)课后习题Multiple choice题目,答案及翻译
1、A common term that describes the combination of traditional computer and communication technologies isb. information technology一个描述了传统的计算机和通信技术结合的常见的术语B.信息技术2、Procedures are typically documented in manuals written byb. computer specialists程序一般是在手册撰写记录的B.计算机专家3、Which of the following is an example of connectivity?a. Internet下列哪一项是连接的一个例子吗？A.互联网4、Windows XP, windows Vista, and Macintosh OS X are all examples ofb. operating systems Windows XP，Windows Vista，和Macintosh OS X都是例子B.操作系统5、Because of their size and cost, these computers are relatively rare.d. supercomputers由于它们的尺寸和成本，这些电脑是比较少见的。
D.超级计算机6、The system component that controls and manipulates data in order to produce information is called thed. microprocessor系统组成，控制和操纵数据来产生信息称为D.微处理器7、A system component that translates data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process is called a(n)c. output device一个系统组件，将人类可以理解成计算机能够处理的形式的数据和程序被称为C.输出设备8、A CD is an example of a(n)c. optical disc CD是一个例子（N）C.光盘9、If you want to communicate a message or persuade other people, you would typically use this type of software.d. presentation如果你想传达信息或说服别人，你通常会使用这种类型的软件。
计算机专业英语Unit_8
I. New Words
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
node n． 网络节点，连接到网络上的设备 multi-drop n． 多分支，多点（网络） reservation n． 保留，保留品 inquiry v． 质询，探索 disadvantage n． 缺点 disabled adj. 禁止的，屏蔽的，停用的，无效的 detach v． 使分离，分遣 disturb v. 扰动，干扰 personnel n. 人事部门 update v． 更新 gateway n． 网关
Par. 4
Two common applications of local area networks are hardware resource sharing and information resource sharing．Hardware resource sharing allows each personal computer on the network to access and use devices that would be too expensive to provide for each user．[1] Information resource sharing allows anyone using a personal computer on the local area network to access data stored on any other computer in the network．In actual practice ， hardware resource sharing and information resource sharing are often combined．
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P213SECONDARY STORAGEIntroductionSecondary storage devices are used to save, to back up, and even to transport file s consisting of data or programs from one location or computer to another. Not long ago, almost all files contained only numbers and letters. The demands for saving these file s were easily met with low-capacity floppy disk drives and hard-disk drives.Data storage has expanded from text and numeric files to include digital music files, photographic files, video files, and much more. These new types of files require secondary storage devices that have much greater capacity.Secondary storage devices have always been an indispensable element in any computer system. They have similarities to output and input devices. Like output de vices, secondary storage devices receive information from the system unit in the form of the machine language ofOs and Is. Rather than translating the information, however, secondary storage devices save the information in machine language for later use. Like input devices, secondary storage devices send information to the system unit for processing. However, the information, since it is already in machine form, does not need to be translated. It is sent directly to memory (RAM), where it can be accessed and proce ssed by the CPU.Competent end users need to be aware of the different types of secondary storage. They need to know the capabilities, limitations, and uses of floppy disks, hard disks, optical discs, and other types of secondary storage. Additionally, they need to be aware of specialty storage devices for portable computers and to be knowledgeable about how large organizations manage their extensive data resources.辅助存储设备被用来保存，备份，甚至把数据或程序从一个位置或计算机传送到另一个地方。
前不久，几乎所有的文件只包含数字和字母。
保存这些文件的要求很容易满足，只需要低容量的软盘驱动器和硬盘驱动器。
来自于文字和数字文件不断扩大的数据存储，包括数字音乐文件，照相文件，视频文件，以及更多其他。
这些新类型的文件需要有更大容量的辅助存储设备。
不断扩大，从文字和数字文件的数据存储，包括数字音乐文件，照相文件，视频文件，以及更。
这些新类型的文件需要有更大容量的二级存储设备。
辅助存储设备一直师在任何计算机系统中不可缺少的元素。
他们和输出和输入设备有相似之处。
像输出设备一样，辅助存储设备从系统单元接收的信息是0和1的机器语言的形式。
然而，辅助存储设备上用机器语言保存信息是为了供以后使用，而不是转换信息。
像输入设备一样，辅助存储设备将信息发送到系统的单元进行处理。
然而，这些信息，因为它们已经是机器的形式，并不需要转换。
它们直接发送到存储器（RAM），在那里它们可以被CPU直接访问和处理。
有能力的最终用户需要认识到不同类型的辅助存储器。
他们需要知道的软盘，硬盘，光盘，和其他类型的辅助存储器的能力，限制，并使用。
此外，他们还需要了解便携式计算机的专业存储设备和大型组织如何管理其广泛的数据资源的知识。
P214STORAGEAn essential feature of every computer is theability to save, or store, information. Asdiscussed in Chapter 6, random-accessmemory (RAM) holds or stores data andprograms that the CPU is presently processing.Before data can be processed or a program canbe run, it must be in RAM. For this reason, RAMis sometimes referred to as pri mary storage.Unfortunately, most RAM provides onlytemporary or volatile storage. That is, it losesall of its contents as soon as the computer isturned off. Its contents also are lost if there is apower failure that disrupts the electric currentgoing into the system unit. This volatilityresults in a need for more permanent ornonvolatile storage for data and programs. W ealso need external storage because users needexternal more storage capacity than is typicallyavailable in a computers primary of RAMmemory.每一台计算机的一个重要功能是保存或储存信息的能力。
像在第6章讨论的，随机存取存储器（RAM）持有或存储CPU现在处理的数据和程序。
在数据可以被处理或程序可以运行之前，它们必须在RAM中。
出于这个原因，RAM有时也被称为主存储器。
不幸的是，大多数RAM仅提供临时或非易失性存储。
也就是说，一旦关闭计算机后它就失去它的所有内容。
如果有电源故障中断系统单元的供电，其内容也丢失。
这种波动的结果需要更多的永久或非易失性存储数据和程序。
我们还需要外部存储---因为用户需要比通常计算机需要的RAM内存更多的外部存储容量。
Secondary storage provides permanent or nonvolatile storage. Using secondary storage devi ces such as a floppy disk drive, data and programs can be retained after the computer has been shut off. This is ac complished by writing files to and reading files from secondary storage devices. W riting is the process of saving information to the secondary storage device. Reading is the process of accessing information from secondary storage. This chapter focuses on secondary storage de vices.Some important characteristics of secondary storage includeMedia are the actual physical material that holds the data and programs. (See Figure 8-1.) Capacity measures how much a particular storage medium can hold.Storage devi ces are hardware that reads data and programs from storage media. Most also write to storage media.Access speed measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs.Most desktop microcomputer systems have floppy, hard, and optical disk drives.辅助存储提供永久或非易失性存储。
使用辅助存储设备如软盘驱动器，数据和程序可以在电脑关闭后被保存。
这是通过从辅助存储设备写入文件和读取文件。