名词性从句和定语从句讲义-高三英语一轮复习
高三英语一轮复习---定语从句讲义.doc
定语从句（一）基本概念1.由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2.关系词分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所修饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分。
关系词的分类和基本用法表一分类指代引导词关系代词人who, whom, that, as事物which, that, as 人或物（表所属关系）whose关系副词地点where 时间when 原因why表二关系代词指代例句解释who人The man who helped you is MrWhite.在定从中作主语whom That is the person(whom/who/that)you want to see.在定从中作宾语，可省略whose He is the father whose son studiesvery well in our class.在定从中作定语that I′m not the fool that you thought meto be.在定从中作表语as He is such a lazy man as nobodywants to work with.在定从中作宾语that事物The only thing that we can do is togive you some advice.在定从中作宾语which A dictionary is a useful book whichtells us the meaning of words在定从中作主语whose He lives in a room whose windowfaces south在定从中作定语asIt is such a big stone as nobody canlift.在定从中作宾语整句内容As is known to all, he is the beststudent.在定从中作主语表三关系副词指代例句解释when 时间Would you suggest a time when wecan have a talk?在定从中作状语where 地点The house where they live is notvery large.在定从中作状语why 原因This is the reason why he did notcame to the meeting.在定从中作状语（二）定语从句的注意点本部分的内容比较复杂，为便于考生一目了然，我们试图用表格的形式呈现给考生。
名词性从句复习讲义 高三英语一轮复习
名词性从句复习注意：1.在名词性从句中，连接词的选择要根据从句的句意和上下文来确定。
2.当从句是陈述句时，通常使用连接词that（可省略，但在正式文体中建议保留）；当从句是疑问句时，通常使用whether/if（表示选择或疑问）或连接代词/副词（表示具体的疑问内容）。
3.在宾语从句中，当从句是特殊疑问句时，其语序要调整为陈述句语序。
4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于：同位语从句是对前面名词或代词的具体内容的阐述或解释，而定语从句则是对前面名词或代词的修饰和限定。
一、主语从句定义：在句子中充当主语成分的从句。
引导词：that, whether, if, who, whom, which, what, whose, how, when, where等。
使用原则：主语从句通常位于句首，用于描述句子的主要动作或状态的执行者或承受者。
它可以是陈述句、疑问句或祈使句（但祈使句作为主语从句的情况较少见）。
构成：主语从句通常由连接词that（可省略，但当从句中有疑问词或表示否定、强调等意义的词时，通常不省略）或whether/if（表示选择或疑问）引导，后面跟完整的句子结构。
例句：1.What he said made me think deeply.2.Whether he will come or not is still a mystery.3.How we can solve the problem is our main concern.4.That the earth moves around the sun is a well-known fact.5.Whoever breaks the law should be punished.练习题1._____ he said at the meeting surprised us all.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Why2._____ you do, do it with all your heart.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhereverD. However3.It is _____ he often fails in exams that makes his parents worried.A. whatB. becauseC. thatD. why4._____ is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.A. AsB. WhichC. ThatD. What5._____ we should do next is still under discussion.A. WhatB. HowC. WhetherD. When答案：AAC（强调句结构）AA二、宾语从句定义：在句子中充当宾语成分的从句。
高三英语(课标全国卷)名词性从句和定语从句
高三英语（课标全国卷）名词性从句和定语从句1. 掌握名词性从句连接词的基本用法。
2. 掌握名词性从句时态照应的基本用法。
3. 掌握定语从句关系代词的基本用法。
4. 掌握定语从句关系副词的基本用法。
一、名词性从句名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的引导词有：1)连接代词:what(ever),who(ever)，whom(ever),which(ever)，whose。
作主语、宾语表语、定语。
2)连接副词:when，where, how, why。
作状语、表语。
3)从属连词:that，whether，if不作成分。
（一）that引导的名词性从句1. 引导主语从句1) It is/was+形容词/名词/过去分词+that从句。
It is certain that our team will win the game.我们队一定会赢得比赛。
It is no wonder that our team won the game.我们队赢了那场比赛并不足为奇2)It+不及物动词+that从句。
It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.我没想到你能成功说服他改变主意。
2. 引导宾语从句1)放在及物动词、形容词或介词之后引导宾语从句。
I truly believe that beauty comes from within.我真的相信美来自内心。
I am afraid that you're mistaken.恐怕你弄错了。
He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. 他是个好学生，就是有点儿粗心。
2)及物动词+it+宾补+that从句。
高考英语一轮复习英语语法专题复习名词性从句讲解教学课件-PPT
真题解析
His presentation will show you contexts. A. that you have observed B. that how you have observed C. how that you have observed D. how what you have observed
模拟题解析
As they usually receive the same score in standardized
examinations, there is often disagreement as to
is the
better student, Bob or Helen.
A. which
better student, Bob or Helen.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. whose
【解析】句意为“因为鲍勃和海伦在考试中总是得到同样的分数， 所以关于他们俩谁是更好的学生，总是有分歧”。
宾语从句 Object Clause
(2) 宾语从句的位置： a. 放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)之后
宾语从句 Object Clause
(2) 宾语从句的位置： c. 可由形式宾语it代替，而从句本身放在句子末尾。
(1) 宾语从句的连接词★ ： a. 由that引导； b. 由whether/if引导； c. 由连接代词what, which, who, whatever, whichever, whoever等引导； d. 由连接副词when, where, why, how等引导。
真题解析
【2016阅读】 He hopes that whoever finds the loot will relish the riches and the adventure of finding them.
名词性从句课件高三上学期英语一轮复习
（3）连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如： Who or what he was, Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁 根本不知道。 I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。 I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。 You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that 在从句中作 told 的宾语，可省。) I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让 我自由，我就让他非常富有 (同位语从句，补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言)
表语从句
用作表语的从句叫做表语从句，通常位于连系动词之后，这类的连系动词 有：be, look, remain, seem 等
(1) 从属连词 that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词 whether, as, as if。如：
Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来？
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
高三英语一轮复习名词性从句解析课件
Object Clause：动词+含连接词的句子
Predicative Clause：系动词+含连接词的句子
Subject Clause：含连接词的句子+谓语动词+宾语
考点一 名词性从句的连接词
种类
作用
常用关联词
例句
主语从句
位置在谓语动词之前,也可用it作形式主语,主语从句放主句之后
换句话说，连接词后面的句子就是从句
各个从句连接词包括：that，whether，if，what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whichever，whom，whose，how，when，where，why
简单句句中哪些成分会用名词？
简单句结构：1.主语+系动词+表语(n.＋link.v.＋n)2.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语(n.＋v.＋n.)例：Amy is a girl Amy likes flowers可知：句中主语，宾语，表语可以是名词
Bravely telling the truth is 9._______ a hero should do.
that
heroes
What
to discover
a
warning
sounded
that
what
It
Everybody knows the fact 1._____ Doctor Li is the hero of China.
连接词
词义
在句中所作成分
例句
who,whom,which,whose,what
高考英语复习-名词从句和定语从句
名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
Ⅰ．主语从句：在句子中充当主语主句谓语动词要用单数第三人称。
Whoever comes is welcome.1．that引导主语从句。
that引导主语从句时，仅起连接作用，不作任何成份，不能省略。
有时为了保持句子平衡，把that从句后置，由形式主语it来代替。
That she was chosen made us very happy.It made us very happy that she was chosen.it作形式主语，有几种固定句型：（1）It + be + adj. + that - clauseIt is natural / strange / important / necessary that...很自然／奇怪的是／重要的是／必要的是……从句中的谓语动词用（should)+动词原形It is important that he (should) attend the meeting.（2）It + be + n. + that - clauseIt is a fact that ... 事实是……It is an honour that... 非常荣幸……It is common knowlege that... ……是常识It is a pity that... 很遗憾……（3）It + be + 过去分词+ that - clauseIt is reported that...据报道……It is believed that... 据相信……It has been proved that... 已证实……It is said that... 据说……特别提示在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that从句中的谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon.（4）It + seem / happen等不及物动词+ that - clauseIt seems / seemed that... 似乎……It happens / happened that... 碰巧……It appears that... 好像……It seems that he is wrong.2．whether引导的主语从句“是否”从句在句首时必须用whether，置于句尾时，可换用if．Whether he will come is not clear.It is not clear whether / it he will come.3．wh - 疑问词引导主语从句。
人教新课标高三英语一轮复习 辨析名词性从句与定语从句课件
辨析名词／性添加从您句的与分 类定语从句 标题／
主句是否完整：
The naughty child is doing what you
are afraid to do. 名从（宾从）
The man who is shaking hands with me
is a policeman. 定从 They received an order that the work
of this shop.
名从(表从)
Differences:
1.主句完整：定从、同位语从（名从）
2.主句不完整：名从（主句、宾从、表从）
6
辨析同位语从句与定语从句
1.被修饰的词： 同位语从句：抽象名词、可数名词 定语从句：名词、代词、主句
7
辨析同位语从句与定语从句
e.g. 1. This novel that I have read three times, is very touching. 2.As is known to all, the earth moves round the
Y（同位语从）
11
／添加您的分类 标题／
Thank you !
12
9
辨析同位／ 添语加从您句的 分与类定语从句 标题／
e.g.1. That’s the place that we met last year. 2.I have gotten the message that Tom had won the game.
10
Find out noun clauses
辨析名词性从句与定 语从句
1
名词性从句的作用相当于_名___词_,在句中分别作主
主语
宾语
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高考英语复习备考：名词性从句和定语从句讲练PART 1 考点剖析-名词性从句考点一：考查what引导名词性从句例1．______ annoyed me last night was the noise of the firecrackers from the neighborhood area till midnight.【答案】What【详解】考查名词性从句。
句意：昨晚使我恼火的（事）是从附近街区传来的一直持续到午夜的爆竹声。
句子分析可知，“___ annoyed me last night”为名词性从句作主语，设空处在从句中作主语，表示“……事”，用连接代词what 引导；设空处位于句首，首字母大写。
故填What。
考点二：考查that引导名词性从句例2．When we come across such factual differences, we shouldn’t rush to the conclusion ________ one of the news reports gives false information.【答案】that【详解】考查同位语从句。
句意：当我们遇到这样的事实差异时，我们不应该急于得出其中一篇新闻报道提供了虚假信息的结论。
引导同位语从句，说明conclusion的内容，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导。
故填that。
考点三：考查-ever引导名词性从句例3．Every employee needs to find their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in ________ is their field of employment.【答案】whatever【详解】考查名词性从句。
句意：每个员工都需要找到自己独特的价值贡献，使他们在自己的就业领域脱颖而出。
分析句子可知，设空处位于介词in后，在句中引导宾语从句，从句中缺主语，结合句意可知，此处表示物，应用whatever引导。
故填whatever。
考点四：考查where引导名词性从句例4．Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ___the best jobs are.【答案】where【详解】考查表语从句。
句意：为什么不去市中心碰碰运气呢，鲍勃？那是最好的工作所在地。
空格处引导表语从句，从句缺少表语，结合句意“所在地”可知，应用连接副词where。
故填where。
考点五：固定句型中名词性从句例5．There is no doubt ____the wooden chair is muchstronger than the plastic one you bought yesterday.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。
句意：毫无疑问，这把木椅比你昨天买的塑料椅结实得多。
There is no doubt that…为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，从句成分和意义都完整，故此处that引导同位语从句。
故填that。
考点六：抽象名词具体化的用法例6．The question ________ English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer since it is certain that this process will continue.【答案】whether【解析】考查同位语从句。
句意：英语将来会不断变化的问题很容易回答，因为这个过程肯定会继续下去。
分析可知，________English will keep on changing in the future 为同位语从句，解释名词the question，从句中句子成分齐全，意思上缺少“是否”，所以用从属连词whether，意为“是否”，故填whether。
过关检测1．With these inspiring words ringing in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for ________ would become known asD-Day.【答案】what【详解】考查宾语从句。
句意：这些鼓舞人心的话语回响在盟军士兵的耳边，他们为日后的D-Day做着准备。
空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“他们为日后的D-Day做着准备”，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
2．The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycler.【答案】whoever【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。
句意：谁在自行车比赛中获得第一名，谁就将获得金牌。
空前to是介词，后面引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，表示“无论是谁”，应用whoever引导。
故填whoever。
3．I have no idea _________ has happened recently on my co-worker, so I can’t give the sad girl a suitable comfort.【答案】what【详解】考查同位语从句。
句意：我不知道我的同事最近发生了什么事，所以我不能给这个悲伤的女孩恰当的安慰。
“_________ has happened recently on my co-worker,”为同位语从句，用来解释说明名词idea的，从句缺少主语，表示“……的事”，应用连接代词what来引导，故填what。
4．Concerns were raised ________ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure a decision of guilty.【答案】that【详解】考查同位语从句。
句意：有人担心，可能会鼓励证人在法庭上夸大他们的故事，以确保有罪判决。
分析句子可知，分割式同位语从句结构完整、不缺意义，用that引导该从句，对抽象名词Concerns“担忧”的内容进行补充解释和说明。
故填that。
5．_____is known to us all is that the 2024 Olympic Games will take place in Paris.【答案】What【详解】考查主语从句。
句意：众所周知，2024年奥运会将在巴黎举行。
分析句子结构和意思可知，_____is known to us all是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指“……的事情”，用链接代词what。
故填What。
6．One of the reasons why Charles Dickens loved his novel David Copperfield was ________it was based on his own life.【答案】that【详解】考查表语从句。
句意：查尔斯·狄更斯喜欢他的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的原因之一是它是以他自己的生活为基础的。
空处引导表语从句，且从句完整，故用连接词that引导该从句。
One reason is that…/one of the reason is that…/ The reason is that…为固定句型，意为“一个原因是……；原因之一是……；原因是……”。
故填that。
7．—The question is ________ it is that we can go for a picnic.—I recommend a national forest park 18 miles away from here.【答案】where【详解】考查表语从句。
句意：——问题是我们可以去哪里野餐。
——我推荐离这儿18英里远的国家森林公园。
分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句。
且从句为强调句的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was it+ that/who +其他部分。
根据“I recommend a national forest park 18 miles away from here.”可知，用疑问词where，强调“去哪里野餐”。
故填where。
8．It was ________ the teacher said to him _________encouraged him to make every effort to catch upwith his classmates.【答案】what; that【详解】考查主语从句和强调句。
句意：老师对他说的话鼓励他尽一切努力赶上同学。
分析句子结构可知本句第一空为主语从句，应用what做宾语，第二空为强调句，it was+被强调成分+that为固定句型，第二空应为that，故填what; that。
9．When I saw my cat waiting sadly for the dog to return at the gate, I suddenly realized ________ close the relationship between them was.【答案】how【详解】考查宾语从句。
句意：当我看到我的猫在门口悲伤地等待狗回来时，我突然意识到它们之间的关系是多么亲密。
realize后是宾语从句，从句表语close“亲密的”置于主语之前，因此用连接副词how引导从句，how close “多么亲密”。
故填how。
9．It was announced that a charge for plastic bags ___________(charge) next year.【答案】would be introduced【详解】考查谓语动词。
句意：据宣布，明年将对塑料袋收费。
根据主句谓语动词“was announced”的时态可知，主语从句也应为过去的时态。
再结合主语从句的时间状语“next year”可知，应为将来的时态。
故应为过去将来时。
因从句的主语“a charge”为动作承受者，故应为被动语态。
故填would be introduced。
10．There is growing evidence ________staying up late at night has a serious impact on people’s health.【答案】that【详解】考查同位语从句。
句意：越来越多的证据表明，熬夜对人们的健康有严重的影响。