高考英语-高考英语一轮复习-名词学案
高考英语一轮复习语法部分专题四第八讲二名词性从句学案北师大版
名词性从句A组单句语法填空1．(2020·浙江卷7月)Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.解析：考查名词性从句。
根据语法结构可知，what引导宾语从句，作on的宾语，由于该宾语从句中缺少主语，同时空处表示“……的事物”，故填what。
答案：what2．(2020·天津卷)The student completed this experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said.解析：考查宾语从句。
句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的变成了现实。
此处需要用what引导宾语从句。
答案：what3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence ________they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.解析：考查同位语从句的引导词。
分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。
答案：that4．(2019·北京卷)What students do at college seems to matter much more than________they go.解析：考查宾语从句。
在介词than 后用where 引导宾语从句，where在从句中作状语。
高考英语一轮复习语法学案——名词性从句
Noun Clauses（名词性从句）学习目标：（Learning Aims）1、通过学习，学生能够了解名词性从句的特征；2、学生能够掌握引导名词性从句的连接词的含义，并在不同语境中选择合适的连接词；3、学生能够区分名词性从句和定语从句。
Ⅰ. Discovering useful structures:请将每句中的名词性从句标上下划线，并标出连接词、体会从句所做的成分、语序、时态。
1. That fashion differs from country to country mayreflect the cultural differences from one aspect.2. It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhoodhelps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.3. What matters most in learning English is enoughpractice.4. To improve the quality of our products, weasked for suggestions whoever had used theproducts.5. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got anyidea where the party is to be held?6. We don’t know whose keys those are.7. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which iswhy he never finish es anything.8. He is wondering when he can finish thisdifficult job.9. When do you think he will come?10. It doesn’t matter whether you turn right orleft at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.11. The teacher asked if / whether we hadfinished the experiment.12. Scientists study how human brains work tomake computers.自我归纳：（S umming-up）1. 名词性从句是指：在复合句中起_________作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
2024届高考一轮复习英语学案(人教版)选择性必修第二册：Bridging Cultures
Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．tutor n．(英国大学中的)助教；导师；家庭教师2．cite v t.引用；引述3．messenger n．送信人；信使4．edition n．(报纸、杂志)一份；(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑；版次5．culture shock文化冲击6．zone n．(有别于周围的)地区；地带；区域7．comfort zone舒适区；舒适范围8．setting n．环境；背景；(小说等的)情节背景9．tremendous adj.巨大的；极大的10．mature adj.成熟的11．boom v i.& n．迅速发展；繁荣12．perspective n．(思考问题的)角度；观点13．envoy n．使者；使节；代表14．outlook n．前景；可能性；观点15．belt n．腰带；地带16．initiative n．倡议；新方案Ⅱ.记重点单词1．complex adj.复杂的；难懂的；(语法)复合的2．recall v t.& v i.记起；回想起3．firm n．公司；商行；事务所adj.结实的；牢固的；坚定的4．insight n．洞察力；眼光5．grasp v t.理解；领会；抓紧6．expense n．费用；花费；开销7．deny v t.否认；否定；拒绝8．gain v t.获得；赢得；取得；增加n．好处；增加9．angle n．角；角度；立场10．sincerely ad v.真诚地；诚实地11．budget n．预算12．outcome n．结果；效果Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．qualification n．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历→qualify v t.& v i.(使)具备资格；(使)合格→qualified adj.有资格的；称职的2．ambition n．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的3．adaptation n．适应；改编本→adapt v t.(使)适应；改编4．comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸v t.安慰；抚慰→comfortable adj.令人舒适的；舒服的→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的5．participate v i.参加；参与→participation n．参加；参与→participant n．参与者6．presentation n．报告；陈述；出示；拿出→present v t.颁发；赠送；呈递n．礼物adj.现在的；出席的7．engage v i.参加；参与(活动) v t.吸引(注意力、兴趣)；雇用→engaged adj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的→engagement n．订婚；约定8．involve v t.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加→involved adj.参与的；投入的→involvement n．参与9．overwhelming adj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的→overwhelm v t.(常用于被动语态)使不知所措；压倒10．homesickness n．思乡病；乡愁→homesick adj.想家的；思乡的11．motivated adj.积极的；主动的→motivation n．动力；积极性；动机→motivate v t.成为……的动机；激发；激励12．advisor n．(also -ser)顾问→advise v t.& v i.建议；劝告→advice n．建议；忠告13．reasonable adj.有道理的；合情理的→reasonably ad v.有理地；合理地→reason n．原因；道理v t.& v i.推理，推断→unreasonable adj.不合理的；不公正的14．expectation n．期望；预期；期待→expect v t.预料；期望15．applicant n．申请人→apply v i.申请v t.应用；适用；涂；敷→application n．申请；申请书→app n．应用程序16．exposure n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露→expose v t.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)17．departure n．离开；启程；出发→depart v i.& v t.离开；启程；出发18．dramatic adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；戏剧(般)的→dramatically ad v.突然地；戏剧地；引人注目地→drama n．戏剧；戏剧性事件19．behave v t.表现v i.& v t.表现得体；有礼貌→behaviour/behavior n．行为；举止20．surroundings n．[pl.]环境；周围的事物→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surround v t.包围；围绕21．depressed adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的→depress v t.使沮丧；使忧愁→depression n．沮丧；抑郁22．strengthen v i.& v t.加强；增强；巩固→strong adj.强壮的→strength n．体力；优点23．optimistic adj.乐观的→optimism n．乐观主义24．competence n．能力；胜任；本领→competent adj.有能力的；称职的25．cooperate v i.合作；协作；配合→cooperation n．合作；协作26．logical adj.合乎逻辑的；合情合理的→logically ad v.逻辑上地→logic n．逻辑(学)；道理1．independence n．独立independent adj.独立的；有主见的2．indicate v t.指示；表明3．industry n．产业4．influence n．& v t.影响5．informal adj.非正式的6．innocent adj.清白的；无辜的7．insert v t.插入8．inspect v t.检查；检验；审视Ⅳ.背核心短语1．participate in参加；参与2．speak up大声点说；明确表态3．feel at home舒服自在；不拘束4．engage in(使)从事；参与5．get involved in参与；卷入；与……有关联6．cost an arm and a leg(使)花一大笔钱7．side with支持；站在……的一边8．as far as I know据我所知9．as far as I am concerned就我而言；依我看来10．in summary总的来说；总之11．generally speaking一般来说Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．It was the first time that she had left China.(It was the first time that＋过去完成时)这是她第一次离开中国。
2024届高考一轮复习英语学案(人教版)选择性必修第四册：Sea Exploration
Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．merchant n．商人；批发商adj.海上货运的2．fleet n．舰队；机群；车队3．behold v t.(beheld，beheld)看；看见4．spice n．(调味)香料5．maritime adj.海的；海运的；海事的6．tournament n．锦标赛；联赛7．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑8．press conference 记者招待会；新闻发布会9．manned adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的10．submersible n．潜水器；可潜船11．underwater ad v.在水下adj.水下的12．capsule n．胶囊；太空舱13．coral n．珊瑚14．migration n．迁移；迁徙；移居15．directory n．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录16．exploit v t.开发；利用；剥削17．gallon n．加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升) 18．log v t.把……载入正式记录；记录n．正式记录；日志；原木19．marine adj.海的；海产的；海生的Ⅱ.记重点单词1．tale n．故事；叙述2．negotiate v t.商定；达成(协议) v i.谈判；磋商；协商3．league n．等级；水平；联合会；联赛4．royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的5．withdraw v t.& v i.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离6．channel n．航道；海峡；频道7．bond n．纽带；关系v t.& v i.增强信任关系；使牢固结合8．tax v t.对……征税；使纳税n．税；税款9．meanwhile ad v.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下10．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止v t.逮捕；拘留；阻止Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．extend v t.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机2．politics n．政治；政治观点→political adj.政治的；政治上的→politician n．政治家；政客3．profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.专业的；职业的→professor n．教授；(大学的)讲师，教员4．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物→mix v t.配制；混淆；使混合→mixed adj.混合的；人员混杂的5．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover v t.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖6．applaud v t.& v i.鼓掌v t.称赞；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌；掌声；喝彩7．murder v t.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏n．谋杀；凶杀→murderer n．谋杀犯8．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的9．possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possess v t.控制；使掌握；具有；迷住；拥有10．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose v t.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的1．passive adj.被动的；消极的2．passport n．护照3．pattern n．式样4．plain adj.朴素的；简单的；普通的5．poisonous adj.有毒的6．portable adj.手提的；便携式的7．postpone v t.使延期8．precious adj.珍贵的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．set sail 起航；开航2．in a league of one’s own 独领风骚3．withdraw from 退出；撤回4．in hand 在手头；可供使用；在掌握中；在控制中5．search for寻找6．under the command of在……的指挥下7．in return for作为对……的回报8．for the benefit of为了……的好处9．take action采取行动10．as well as也；又；还Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.(The aim is to do...)这项倡议旨在鼓励历史悠久的丝绸之路沿线地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。
2024届高考一轮复习英语学案(人教版)选择性Unit4Sharing
Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．jam n．果酱；堵塞2．clay n．黏土；陶土3．weed n．杂草；野草v t.& v i.除杂草4．tablet n．平板电脑；便笺本；药片5．washroom n．洗手间；厕所6．bubble v i.起泡；沸腾7．tube n．管子；管状物8．circus n．马戏团9．jaw n．颌；下巴10．hut n．简陋的小房子(或棚、舍)11．fireplace n．壁炉12．saucer n．茶碟；杯托13．kettle n．(烧水用的)壶；水壶14．pan n．平底锅；烤盘15．jar n．罐子；坛子16．grill n．烤架；烤肉餐馆17．doorway n．门口；出入口；门道18．leftover adj.吃剩的；残留的n．吃剩的食物；遗留物19．handshake n．握手20．plug v t.封堵；补足n．堵塞物；插头；插座21．tune n．曲调；曲子v t.调音；调节；调频道22．contract v t.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同；契约23．cardiac adj.心脏病的；心脏的24．circuit n．巡回；环形线路25．hypothetical adj.假设的；假定的Ⅱ.记重点单词1．parcel n．包裹v t.裹好；打包2．mail n．邮件；信件；邮政v t.邮寄；发电邮给3．secondary adj.中学的；次要的4．chorus n．合唱曲；合唱团v t.合唱；齐声说5．cotton n．棉布；棉花6．uniform n．校服；制服adj.一致的；统一的7．rigid adj.死板的；固执的8．shade v t.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗n．阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分9．wrinkle v t.& v i.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起n．皱纹10．forehead n．额；前额11．housing n．住房；住宅12．platform n．平台；站台；舞台13．drag v t.拖；拽v t.& v i.缓慢而费力地移动14．privilege n．优惠待遇；特权15．resign v i.& v t.辞职；辞去16．lately ad v.最近；不久前；近来17．input n．情况；信息；投入；输入v t.输入18．grant v t.同意；准许n．拨款19．relay v t.转发；转播n．接力赛；接班的人20．criterion n．(pl.criteria)标准；准则；原则21．pray v i.& v t.企盼；祈祷Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．dust n．沙土；灰尘v i.& v t.擦灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的2．rubber n．橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶→rub v t.& v i.擦；摩擦；揉；搓3．chemist n．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的4．ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen v t.& v i.(使)成熟5．disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→disability n．缺陷；障碍→disable v t.使(某人)残废；使……无能6．deserve v t.值得；应得；应受→deserving adj.值得的；应得的7．consultation n．咨询；咨询会→consult v t.咨询；请教→consultant n．顾问8．stability n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的；牢固的→unstable adj.不稳定的1．promote v t.促进；提升2．punctual adj.准时的；守时的3．queue n．& v i.队列；排队4．rainfall n．降雨；降雨量5．reasonable adj.合乎情理的6．reflect v t.反映；反射7．register v．登记；注册n．登记表；注册簿8．resemble v t.类似；像Ⅳ.背核心短语1．a chorus of 齐声；异口同声2．not to mention 更不用说；且不说3．take...for granted 认为……是理所当然；对……不予重视4．relay to 转达给……；转发给……5．pray that 但愿6．be dying to do sth 渴望做某事7．adapt to适应8．the other day前几天9．shake hands with sb 和某人握手10．participate in参与；参加Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.(It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间)沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路，我几分钟就能走到学校。
2024届高考一轮复习英语学案(人教版)选择性必修第四册：Science Fiction
Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．fiction n．小说；虚构的事2．science fiction(informal sci-fi)科幻小说(或影片等)3．bonus n．意外收获；奖金；红利4．ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的5．absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的6．nail n．指甲；趾甲；钉子v t.(用钉子)钉牢；固定7．suspend v t.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓8．ladder n．梯子；阶梯9．whereas conj.然而；但是；尽管10．rumour n．谣言；传闻11．presume v t.& v i.假定；假设12．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价13．gramme (NAmE gram)n.克(重量单位)14．venue n．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)15．alien n．外星人(生物)；外国人adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的16．inaction n．无行动；不采取措施17．lever n．操纵杆；杠杆18．panel n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组19．inch n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)20．grip v t.& v i.紧握；抓紧21．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的22．puff n．(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息23．jolt n．震动；摇晃；颠簸v t.& v i.(使)震动；摇晃24．flip v t.& v i.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛25．overstatement n．夸大；夸张Ⅱ.记重点单词1．integrity n．诚实正直；完整；完好2．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严3．salary n．薪水；薪金4．saleswoman n．女售货员；女推销员5．dismiss v t.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除6．weekly adj.每周的n．周刊7．chairwoman n．女主席；女董事长；女委员长8．flour n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉9．salesman n．售货员；推销员10．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的11．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动v i.奋斗；努力工作12．leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套13．backwards (NAmE backward)ad v.向后；倒着；往回14．niece n．侄女；外甥女15．fetch v t.(去)拿来；(去)请来16．handkerchief n．手帕；纸巾17．lamp n．灯；台灯18．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏v t.& v i.确定速度；调整节奏19．random adj.随机的；不可思议的20．maximum adj.最大极限的n．最大量；最大限度21．stun v t.使震惊；使昏迷Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint v t.任命；委派；指定；约定2．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚；罪行；罪过3．declare v t.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣称；声明4．calculate v t.计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算5．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→blur v．(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊6．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide v．分开；分散；分配；分享7．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动v t.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的8．explode v i.& v t.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增9．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的1．mystery n．神秘；神秘的事物2．nationwide adj.全国范围的；全国性的3．negotiate v i.谈判；商议4．neighbourhood(美neighborhood)n.四邻；邻近地区5．normal n．& adj.正常的(状态)6．nutrition n．营养；营养品7．obtain v t.得到8．occupation n．职业；占有Ⅳ.背核心短语1．test out检验；测试2．more like更像是；更接近3．on a．..basis根据；以……的方式(基准)4．pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对5．superior to比……更好；更胜一筹6．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手7．conflict with与……冲突或抵触8．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是9．fall away(逐渐)减少；消失10．have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．On the second morning，Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.(whether引导的宾语从句)第二天早晨，托尼给她端来了早餐，还问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。
2022届高考(统考版)英语人教版一轮复习教学案：板块5 第1讲 名词性从句 (含解析)
第1讲名词性从句[前沿最新动态]题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1．(2020·浙江卷)Over thousands of years，theybegan to depend less on what could be huntedor gathered from the wild，and more on animalsthey had raised and crops they had sown.2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) While they are rare northof 88°，there is evidence that they range all theway across the Arctic, and as far south as JamesBay in Canada.3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure who is morefrightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.4．(2018·浙江11月卷)It is possible thatcaffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) inhumans，too.对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词的选择上，其中what与that; how，if与whether是考查的重点。
短文改错(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of arestaurant close to that I live.that→where1．从属连词与连接副词之间的错用；2．连接代词(what，which和who等)之间的错用；3．从属连词that与连接代词(尤其是what)之间的错用以及that与whether/if之间的错用；4．从属连词that的缺失或多余。
高考英语一轮复习名词
名词1．具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，表示变化了的词义时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。
(1)difficulty 困难；a difficulty 一件难事(2)experience 经验；an experience 一次经历(3)failure 失败；a failure 一位失败者，一件失败的事(4)knowledge 知识；a good knowledge 对……精通/熟知(5)success 成功；a success 一位成功者，一件成功的事(6)surprise 惊奇；a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事(7)honour 荣誉；an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
The party last night was a success.We sang and danced until it came to an end.昨晚的晚会很成功，我们唱啊跳啊直到晚会结束。
Losing the game was a difficult experience for her.对她来说，输掉比赛是一种痛苦的经历。
2．有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词Would you like some coffee？你想喝点咖啡吗？I would like a coffee and two beers.我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。
1.(2010·济宁检测)We all hold the belief that ________2012 London Olympic Games will be ________success.A．/；a B．the；/C．the；a D．a；a解析：第一空为特指，应用定冠词the；第二空success 为抽象名词具体化，“一个成功的人或事”，应用不定冠词a，类似的词还有failure，pleasure 等。
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高三语法专题复习之名词学案上节回顾：就近原则：就远原则：本节内容导入：一、专有名词名词个体名词集体名词单数二、普通名词复合名词一、可数名词物质名词名词复数抽象名词二、不可数名词本节知识点讲解：定义：名词是表示人、事物、现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词。
一、可数名词变复数1) 一般情况下，直接加-s例如：book-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-beds2) 以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，读作【iz】例如：bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches brush-brushes3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加-es.例如：family-families strawberry-strawberries library-librariesdictionary-dictionaries而以“元音字母+y”结尾，直接加s：toy- toys monkey-monkeys4) 以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es，例如：wife-wives life-lives self-selves knife-knives leaf-leaves thief-thieves half-haves self-selves shelf-shelves loaf-loaves wolf-wolves等。
巧记忆：勇敢的妻子(wife)，拿了一把刀(knife)，自己(self)把狼(wolf)杀死了，救回小牛(calf)半(half)条命(life)，又把躲在葡萄架子(shelf)的叶子(leaf)中的小偷(thief)抓住了也有直接加s的单词：roof-roofs belief-beliefs proof-proofs chief-chiefs 5) 以o结尾，大部分情况下直接加s，但是有特殊情况：例如：hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes （英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆）piano-pianos photo-photos6) 特殊变化的名词：例如：man-men woman-women policeman-policemenpolicewoman-policewomen mouse-mice(老鼠) child-children foot-feettooth-teeth7) 单复数同形的名词：例如：fish鱼deer鹿sheep绵羊works（工厂）means手段8) 复合名词变复数通常是将其主要名词变为复数；例如：passer-by变为passers-by 过路人looker-on 变为lookers-by 旁观者注意：一些以man, woman 结尾的合成词，在变复数时与man, woman 的变化形式相同。
例如：policeman / policemen(警察)，Englishman / Englishmen (英国人)9) 不同国家的人的单复数A. 以-an结尾或其他形式结尾的表示民族、国家的人的名词变复数时在词尾加-s. 例如：Americans, Asians, Russians, Australians, Italians, Germans等B. 特殊：英国人和法国人要将man变为men例如：Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen巧记：中日瑞士不用变，英法国人man变men，其余一律加s10) 有一些名词只有复数形式：trousers裤子pants裤子shorts短裤glasses眼镜compasses圆规scales天平chopsticks 筷子clothes 衣服goods 商品，货物contents 目录sands 沙滩surroundings 环境belongings 财产earnings 收入manners 礼貌11) 集体名词的数A.集体名词侧重于成员时，表示复数意义，不再变复数形式；侧重整体时表示单数意义例如：class family team public army governmentB.只表示复数意义的集体名词：people人，人们police警察cattle牛The group ______ made up of nine students.The group ______dancing happily.The team ______ some good players.The team _______handsome.My family a big one. All my family in China now.总结：集体名词做主语，如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果看成其中各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
12) 名词作定语作定语的名词通常用单数；sport 作定语时用复数man 和woman 作定语时，其单复数根据被修饰词的单复数变化。
例如： a boy student—boy studentsa banana tree→ banana trees a shoe factory→ shoe factoriessports meeting巩固练习：填入所给名词的正确形式：1)I have two_____ (knife)2)There are many _____ here. (box)3)There are many _____ on the road. (bus)4) A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5)The _____ are playing football now. (child)请用括号中名词的复数形式填空：1．Look at those _______. (child)2．I can see a __________ standing near the door. (policeman)3．Do you want some ________ for dinner? (potato)4．In autumn, you can see a lot of _______ on the ground.(leaf)5．He has two _______.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)6．Two ________ live in this building .( family )写出下列单词的复数：watch _________ child _________ photo ________ diary _________ day_________ foot________ book___________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep __________ box__________ strawberry _____ thief _______ peach__________ sandwich ______ man_________ woman_________小结：二、常见不可数名词（必背）：advice（建议）fun （乐趣）homework（家庭作业）information（信息）sugar （糖）fruit（水果）news（新闻）paper （纸）progress（进步）trouble （麻烦）furniture （家具）traffic（交通）weather（天气）wealth（财富）work （工作）value（价值）看似复数实际是不可数名词：news 新闻politics 政治maths 数学physics 物理1. No news ______ good news. (be)2. I think maths very important.注意：一般说来，抽象名词、物质名词为不可数名词，但当它们表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化。
如：抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)win honor赢得荣誉an honor一件引以为荣的事by experience靠经验an experience一次经历youth青春 a youth一个青年人with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情【典例6】改错：Oh, John. What pleasant surprise you gave us!三、既可作可数又可作不可数的名词：chicken 小鸡/ 鸡肉room 房间/ 空间；位置work 作品/ 工作paper 论文; 报纸/ 纸glass 玻璃杯/ 玻璃time 次；倍/ 时间wood 树林/ 木头fish 鱼/ 鱼肉exercise 练习/ 运动；锻炼light 灯/ 光fruit (各种)水果/ 水果四、名词的数量修饰语：many/ severala few / fewquite a few + 可数名词a number ofmany a + 单数可数名词mucha large amount of + 不可数名词a little(little)some、any、enough、plenty of、a lot of + 可数or 不可数名词一）用some或any填空:1. I can see_____ birds in the tree.2. There isn’t_____ orange juice in my bottle. Please give me_____ .3. —Do you have_____ picture-books?—No, I don’t have_____ . But I have_____ story-books.4. —Is there_____ rice in the bag?—No, there isn’t_____ .5. —Are there_____ boys in the classroom?—No, but there are_____ girls in it.6. —Which one can I take?—You may take_____ one of them.7. —Would you like_____ fruit juice, please?—No. I’d like_____ tea.8. If you have_____ questions, please put up your hands.9. May I ask you_____ questions, Miss Wang?10. Can you see_____ bikes under the tree?小结：二）a few/few/a little/little练习题:1. There is _______ water in the glass. Let's go and get some.A. fewB. muchC. manyD. little2. We still have _______ apples in the basket. You don’t have to buy any.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little3. I am new here. So I have _______friends here.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little4. I’m _______ thirsty. Can I get something to drink, mom?A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little5. There is _______ money in my pocket, so I can’t buy anything now.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little6. He has_______ friends here, he feels lonely (孤独地).A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little7. I enjoy my life here. I have_______ friends and we meet quite often.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little8 The lake is not near, so there are _______ people going swimming there.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little9. The twins can speak only _______ French.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little10.Let's go and have a drink. We still have _______time before the train leaves.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little11.Please wait just _______ minutes; I'm going to clean myself up.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little12._______ people know where Phillip lives. Only his parents can tell us.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little13. Ladies and gentlemen,I have _______ words to say.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little14. Can you get here _______ earlier next time?A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little15.Now be quiet for _______minutes and listen to this.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little16.There is_______ ink in my bottle, can you give me_______ ink?A. few, a fewB. little, a littleC. a little, littleD. a little, a little小结：三）too much(many) 太多too much 修饰不可数名词，还可以用来修饰动词。