倒 装 句(1)

倒装句将某些句子成分移至句首而引起主语和谓语顺序的颠倒, 称为倒装。

倒装是一种语法手段，是句子语法结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。

任何倒装句型都有其标志，这个标志也是构成倒装句型的条件。

A、常见的倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。

一、完全倒装：将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装。

它一般采用“提前成分+谓语动词+主语”结构。

1. here ,there, in, out, up, down, away, ,off, now, then等介、副词放在句首时。

1)Up went the rocket. 火箭冲上去了。

2)In came the boy. 男孩进来了。

3)Then followed three days of rain. 接着下了三天雨。

4)Down fall the leaves. 树叶落了下来。

5)Out he rushed. 他冲了出去。

（注意：如果主语为代词，则不能用倒装，采用“提前成分+主语+谓语结构”）2. in front of, in the distance, to the east of等表示地点的表语或状语位于句首时。

1)In the distance was a small boat. 远处是一条小船。

2)At the foot of the mountain lies a beautiful lake. 山脚下有一个美丽的湖。

3)On either side of the road were rows of houses. 路的两边是一排排的房子。

4)In the center of the square stands a high monument.广场中央矗立着很高的纪念碑。

5)To the east of the two hills lies a city. 这两座山的东边有一座城市。

3．动词doing+be+主语Walking at the head of the line was our teacher. 我们的老师走在队伍的前头。

4. 表语+系动词+主语Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.我们没有东西吃的日子已一去不复返。

二、部分倒装：只把谓语动词中的助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语前面，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称为部分倒装。

1. only出现在句首修饰状语时，后面引起部分倒装。

但如果修饰其他成分不能倒装。

1)Only in my house do they feel at home. 只有在我家里他们才感到无拘无束。

2)Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 就在那时我才认识到我错了。

3)Only in this way can we succeed. 只有这样我们才会成功。

4)Only when your identity has been checked will you be allowed in.只有当你的身份证件被核对后你才能进来。

5)Only because he was very busy did he not go there.只有因为他很忙，他才没有去那里。

6)Only I have got the invitation. 只有我收到了请帖(I是主语，不倒装) 2．hardly, scarcely, rarely, little, few等含有半否定意义的副词位于句首。

1)Little does he know about the news. 该消息他几乎不知道。

2)Hardly can Tom understand the text. 汤姆几乎不懂这篇课文。

3．often, many a time, never, seldom等表示时间的频度副词位于句首时。

1)Many a time has he been to Beijing. 他到过北京多次。

2)Seldom have I met him recently. 最近我很少见到他。

3)Never have I seen such a good film. 我从来没有看过这么好的一部电影。

4)Often do I tell him about my school life. 我经常告诉他关于我的学校生活. 4．hardly…when.., no sooner…than…, not only…but also….(不连接两个主语，而是两个句子)，so…that…（引导结果状语从句）位于句首，前部分倒装，后部分不用倒装。

1)No sooner had he arrived than he fell ill. 他刚一到就病倒了。

2)Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.我刚到汽车站，汽车就开走了。

3)Not only could he type but also he could operate the computer.他不但会打字而且会操作计算机。

4)Not only does he study English but also French. 他不但学英语而且学法语。

5)So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined tolearn English well.我感到生活在一个讲英语的国家是如此之难以致于我决心学好英语。

6)So loudly did he speak that everyone in the room could hear clearly.他说话的声音那么响，房间里所有的人都听得很清楚。

5．so, neither, nor位于句首，表示后者与前者情况相同时。

1)If you can do it, so can I. 如果你能做，我也能做。

2)If you don’t go, neither shall I. 你不去，我也不去。

3)I don’t know, nor do I care. 我不知道，我也不想知道。

6. 含有否定意义的副词或短语如not, not until.., in no case (无论如何不, 在任何情况下决不) 等等位于句首, 起强调意义,后面用部分倒装形式.1)Not a singer mistake did he make in the test. 他在测试中一个错误都没有.2)Not until his mother got home did he go to bed. 他妈妈到家时他才上床睡觉.3)In no case will she give in. 她决不会屈服.B、特殊倒装1. 使用prefer to do…rather than do句型时，可将rather than提到句首。

Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.他宁愿骑自行车，而不愿挤公共汽车。

2．as引导让步状语从句时常将句末的表语、动词、副词提到句首。

Much as I have traveled, I have never seen such a beautiful city.尽管我经常旅行，但我从来没看到过那么漂亮的一座城市。

Hard as I worked, the boss wasn’t satisfied with me.虽然我工作努力，但老板还不满意。

3．在虚拟条件从句中，如果从句的谓语动词含有were, had, could, should，可以将这些词提到句首，省略if。

Were you in my position, you would do the same.假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。

4．belong to结构中，可将to介词短语提到句首，再进行主谓倒装（完全倒装）。

To all the people here belongs success. 成功属于在座的每一个人。

C、形倒实不倒1．感叹句中的what和how两词看似特殊疑问句，易误导学生将感叹句判断为特殊疑问句而采用倒装语序，实际上what和how引导的感叹句应用陈述语序。

What a clever boy he is! 多么聪明的男孩啊！2．带插入语的特殊疑问句仍以特殊疑问词开头，易误导学生将此种句型定为纯特殊疑问句而采用倒装语序，实际上插入语后面应视为宾语从句而采用陈述语序。

Where do you think he has gone? 你认为他去了哪里？3．名词性从句中的what, how, when, why等连词易被学生误认为特殊疑问词而采用疑问式倒装句语序，实际上这些词为连词，引导名词性从句应用陈述语序。

What I like most is music. 我最喜爱的是音乐。

4．whatever, however等引导让步状语从句时，易被学生误认为特殊疑问句而采用倒装语序，实际上此时whatever, however等引导让步状语从句，就采用陈述语序。

You should try to get a good night’s sleep however much work you have to do.无论你有多少工作要做，你都应尽量睡一夜好觉。