复旦考博英语资料3-写作分析
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：86
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题如果你是那种看着别人的生活就羡慕，对自己的生活提不起精神的人，也许你需要把握生活，做些改变。
很多人每天从早到晚做同样的事情，对现状感到非常满足并很快乐。
但是，如果你觉得自己的潜能被浪费，内心深处渴望更活跃刺激的生活，你就需要采取一些积极的行动。
你会觉得如果你处在另一种环境，你肯定会掌握好局面，为更宏大目标而努力。
如果你真这样想过，那就不应该被无法改变的现状所难倒，不要为自己为什么不开始行动找借口，也不要为自己找为什么不去充分发挥潜能的理由了。
如果人满腹激情，也有能力干一番事业，就不要浪费自己的才能。
停止抱怨，命运掌握在自己手里！现在该是人停止自欺欺人、认识到岸上的安全可能要比你所想的更具有破坏性的时候了。
【答案】If you are that kind of person who admires others’ lives and is low-spirited to your own life, you need to hold your life and make some changes. Many people do the same thing from morning to night and feel very satisfied with current situation. However, if you think that your potential is wasted and you expect to have a more active and exciting life deeply in your heart, you need to take some positive actions.You would imagine that if you are placed in another environment, you will be control the situation better, and make great efforts for more ambitious goals. If you really thought about this, you should not be frustrated by unalterable status, rationalize and explain what you were not doing and why you cannot exert your potential fully.If a person is full of passion, and is capable of having a career, he shoul dn’t waste his capacity. Stop complaining and you control your own destiny! It is high time that you should stop your self-deception and realize that the safety on the shore that is possibly more devastating than you can imagine.2.单选题Psychoanalysts tend to regard both（）and masochism as arising from childhood deprivation. 问题1选项A.attachmentB.distinctionC.ingenuityD.sadism【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
复旦考博英语题型
复旦考博英语题型
1.阅读理解：文章长度在500-700词之间，主要考察对文章内容的理解、推理和分析能力。
2. 翻译：要求考生将一篇中文文章翻译成英文，考察考生的语言表达和翻译技能。
3. 写作：要求考生根据所给话题，撰写一篇约300-500字的英文作文，考察考生的写作能力和思维逻辑能力。
4. 完形填空：文章长度在300-500词之间，包含10-15个空格，主要考察考生对于英语词汇和语法的掌握。
5. 听力：考生需要听取一段约5分钟的英语对话或短文，并根据听取的内容回答相关问题，主要考察考生的听力理解能力。
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2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：44
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题What if our society uses new-found technologies of “genetic engineering” to interfere with the biological nature of human beings? Might that not be disastrous?What about cloning, for instance?Cloning is a term originally used in connection with nonsexual reproduction of plants and very simple animal. Now it is coming into use in connection with higher animals, since biologists are finding ways of starting with an individual cell of a grown animal and inducing it to multiply into the same way in the future.But is cloning a safe thing to unleash on society? Might it not be used for destructive purposes? For instance, might not some ruling group decide to clone their submissive, downtrodden peasantry, and thus produce endless hordes of semi-robots who will slave to keep a few in luxury and who may even serve as endless ranks of soldiers designed to conquer the rest of the world?A dreadful thought, but an unnecessary fear. For one thing, there is no need to clone for the purpose. The ordinary method of reproduction produces all the human beings that are needed and as rapidly as is needed. Right now, the ordinary method is producing so many people as to put civilization in danger of imminent destruction. What more can cloning do? Secondly, unskilled semi-robots cannot be successfully pitted against the skilled users of machine, either on farms, in factories or in armies. Any nation depending on downtrodden masses will find itself an easy mark for exploitation by a less populous but more skilled and versatile society. This has happened in the past often enough.But even if we forget about self-hordes, what about the cloning of a relatively few individuals? There are rich people who could afford the expense, or politicians who could have the influence for it, or the gifted who could undergo it by popular demand. There can be two if a particular banker or governor or scientist — or three — or a thousand. Might this not create a kind of privileged caste, who would reproduce themselves in greater and greater numbers, and who would gradually take over the world?Before we grow concerned about this, we must ask whether there will really be any great demand for cloning. Would you want to be cloned? The new individual formed your cell will have your genes and therefore your appearance and, possibly, talents, but he will not be you. The clone will be, at best, merely your identical twin. Identical twins share the same genetic pattern, but they each have own individuality and are separate persons.Cloning is not a pathway to immortality, then, because your consciousness does not survive in your clone, any more than it would in your identical twin if you had one.In fact, your clone would be far less than your identical twin. What shapes and forms a personality is not genes alone, but all the environment to which it is exposed. Identical twins grow up in identical surroundings, in the same family, and under each other’s influence.A clone of yourself, perhaps thirty of forty years younger, would grow up in a different world altogether and would be shaped by influences that would be sure to make him less and less like you as he grows older.He may even earn your jealousy. After all, you are old and he is young. You may once have been poor and struggled to become well-to-do, but he will be well-to-do from the start. The mere fact that you won’t be able to view it as a child, but as another competing and better-advantaged you, may accentuate the jealousy.No! Imagine that, after some initial experiments, the demand for cloning will be virtually nonexistent.1.The central theme of the essay is（）.2.The author assumes that the readers is（）.3.The author assumes that the reader thinks “immortality”（）.4.To hold the reader’s interest, the author（）.5.The word “hordes” used in the passage means（）.问题1选项A.genetic engineers are experimenting with cloningB.the cloning of human could produce a privileged classC.worries about the dangers of human cloning are ill-foundedD.personality traits cannot be passed on though cloning问题2选项A.afraid of a nation of dictatorsB.worried about the abuses of cloningC.egger to put cloning to practical useD.ready to be cloned问题3选项A.frighteningB.unavoidableC.profitableD.desirable问题4选项ed quotations by famous peopleB.asks frequent questions of the readerC.presents many research statisticsD.tells many amusing stories问题5选项A.swarms of fishrge groups of peopleC.mountain rangesrge fields of grain【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:文章以genetic engineering 开头，接着作者提到了克隆会带来的问题，但是在第5段提出克隆是一个可怕的想法，但是没有必要去恐惧（A dreadful thought, but an unnecessary fear）。
复旦大学考博英语3
[模拟] 复旦大学考博英语3Part ⅠVocabulary Directions: There are 30 incompete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center.第1题：I'd ( ) his reputation with other farmers and business peoplein the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A.take into accountB.account forC.make up forD.make out参考答案：A答案解析：四选项的意思分别是：A.“把……考虑在内”；B．“说明……发生的原因”；C．“弥补，补偿”；D．“书写；拼凑；说明；理解；辨认出”。
第2题：He was ( ) when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.A.incredibleB.inevitableC.incredulousD.indifferent参考答案：C答案解析：本题意为“当他听到这个意外的消息时很怀疑，但是我最终还是说服了他(相信这个意外的消息)”。
据此推断前面应该填表示“怀疑的”单词。
incredulous的意思是“怀疑的，不轻信的”，如： incredulous about ghosts(不信鬼)。
复旦大学考博英语历考试习题题型题量分析
复旦大学考博英语历年试题题型题量分析导语：考博，英语是第一关，而英语成绩的高低主要取决于平时的复习，因此决心考博的考生一定要提前准备，每天学习英语。
全国各大院校在制定本校英语专业考试大纲时，对英语的考核基本上不指定参考书，考生在备考时往往感到漫无目的，无所适从，所以对各大院校的考博英语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要，能够为考生准确定位自己的英语水平提供良好的参照，也使考生对自己报考的院校试题有一个全面的了解，更加清晰地了解出题者的思路，从而正确地制定出复习方法和学习步骤，使复习具有针对性。
下面是华慧考博的老师对复旦大学试题进行的一个全面的分析。
一．试题结构分析复旦大学考博英语的测试时间为3个小时，试卷分为词汇、阅读、完型、翻译、作文5个部分。
华慧老师根据近几年来的真题进行了分析，并列表如下：二．考核要求：除医学考博英语外，其他专业的考博英语由全国各大院校自主命题，而且各院校的考核要求水平也有差异，其中复旦大学的考博英语对考生的具体要求如下：词汇方面，需要考生掌握7000~8000单词，900常用动词短语。
当然，一般掌握了六级及硕士研究生入学考试的词汇，通过考博英语也没有多大问题，只是词汇题可能失去少数分数。
长期关注和研究考博英语试题，反对有些所谓考博英语词汇书所讲的考博需要掌握1万甚至1万以上词汇的观点。
事实上，背诵那么多词汇是没有多大意义的，考博英语考查的重点不是考生掌握了多少词汇，而是阅读、翻译、写作能力。
所以，词汇够用即可，建议复习自己当年很熟悉的考研词汇、六级词汇，然后略加拓展，如可看看公共英语等级考试五级词汇、新托福词汇、部分GRE词汇。
有些院校公布了词汇表或参考词汇表，但实际出题人并不怎么按大纲出题。
英语说到底还是个水平问题。
语法方面，复旦大学考博英语试题都不直接考查语法，但语法有必要全面复习一下。
这也不怎么花费时间。
阅读方面，能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论，比如经济人网；能分析上蔟体裁文章的思想观点。
华慧复旦大学考博英语写作题型分析-华慧考博英语写作学习方法
复旦大学考博英语翻译题型分析翻译学习方法复旦大学考博英语写作（1题，共计15分 1×15=15）写作是考博英语的重点，考察考生用英语分析事物和表达自己的观点的能力或概括事物的能力。
这部分对大叔考生来说是最难攻克的难关。
复旦大学考博英语的写作占15分，要求考生看图作文写一篇25 0字左右的评论。
写作题的目的是测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。
从复旦考博写作题型上来看，07年以前主要是命题作文，08年以后主要是图表作文，即要求考生在所给时间内，对所给图表进行分析归纳和总结，然后用简洁、生动、准确的语言将图中所提供的信息完整地表达出来，并对图中的信息作出自己的评论复旦考博英语试卷中短文写作部分改变了以往提纲三段式作文形式，采用了图画式作文。
此举的目的是为了避免考生猜题，同时也增加了作文的难度。
考生除了在语言技能上多下功夫外，还要熟悉一些图表式作文的要领。
从复旦考博写作的选材上来说，主要是针对一些学习、工作、生活上的问题的思考以及对社会现象的评论，提出自己的观点并论述。
例如2009年的公交车上不给老年人让座，2008年的针对考试成绩的不同态度，2006年的态度决定结果等，或者按照命题写出一篇200字的命题作文，例如2007年的野心塑造男人，2005年的对当代中国的传统节日的看法。
for their free time. Which doyou prefer?2003年The Values of Failure既定主题，观点论述2004年One of turning Points in MyLife叙事类2005年My Opinion aboutTraditional Holidays in China 既定主题，观点论述2006年Attitude is Everything结合图片，观点类2007年My Views about “Ambition Makes a Man”既定主题，观点论述2008年Optimism or Pressimism结合图片，观点类2009年Persuasion结合图片，观点类2010年Privacy and Liberty既定主题，观点论述2011年plagiarism 既定主题，观点论述复旦大学考博英语写作重点：怎样写好主题句段落的主题一篇文章有中心思想，也就是题目。
复旦博士面试时的英文材料
复旦博士面试时的英文材料复旦大学博士面试时的英文材料通常包括以下内容：
1. Research Proposal: 申请者需要准备一份研究计划书，详细描述自己的研究方向、研究目标、研究方法和预期成果。
这份材料需要展现申请者对所申请专业领域的深入理解和研究潜力。
2. Academic Transcripts: 申请者需要提供本科和硕士阶段的成绩单，以展示自己的学术表现和专业背景。
3. Letters of Recommendation: 通常需要提供两至三封推荐信，推荐人可以是申请者的导师或者其他学术人士，推荐信需要详细描述申请者的学术能力、研究潜力和个人品质。
4. CV/Resume: 申请者需要提供个人简历，包括教育背景、科研项目、发表论文、获奖情况等，以展示自己的学术和科研经历。
5. English Proficiency Test Scores: 申请者需要提供托福或雅思成绩，以证明自己具备足够的英语水平进行博士阶段的学习和研究。
6. Interview Presentation: 部分专业可能要求申请者进行面
试演讲，展示自己的研究计划和学术能力，以及回答面试官的问题。
以上材料是复旦大学博士面试时可能需要准备的英文材料，申
请者需要根据具体要求进行准备，并在面试过程中展现出自己的学
术潜力和研究能力。
希望以上信息能够帮助到你。
复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析
复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析Flatfish,such as the flounder,are among the few vertebrates thatlack approximate bilateral symmetry(symmetry in which structures tothe left and right of the body’s midline are mirror images).Moststriking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish iseye placement:before maturity one eye migrates,so that in an adultflatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.While in mostspecies with asymmetries virtually all adults share the same Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi asymmetry,membersof the starry flounder species can be either left-eyed(both eyes onthe left side of head)or right-eyed.In the waters between the UnitedStates and Japan,the starry flounder populations vary from about50percent left-eyed off the United States West Coast,through about70percent left-eyed halfway between the United States and Japan,tonearly100percent left-eyed off the Japanese coast.Biologists call this kind of gradual variation over a certaingeographic range a“cline”and interpret clines as strongindications that the variation is adaptive,a response toenvironmental differences.For the starry flounder thisinterpretation implies that a geometric difference(between fish thatare mirror images of one another)is adaptive,that left-eyedness inthe Japanese starry flounder has been selected for,which provokesa perplexing question:what is the selective advantage in having botheyes on one side rather than on the other?The ease with which a fish can reverse the effect of the sidedness of its eye asymmetry simply by turning around has caused biologists to study internal anatomy,especially the optic nerves,for the answer. In all flatfish the optic nerves cross,so that the right optic nerve is joined to the brain’s left side and vice versa.This crossing introduces an asymmetry,as one optic nerve must cross above or below the other.G.H.Parker reasoned that if,for example,a flatfish’s left eye migrated when the right optic nerve was on top,there would be a twisting of nerves,which might be mechanically disadvantageous. For starry flounders,then,the left-eyed variety would be selected against,since in a starry flounder the left optic nerve is uppermost.The problem with the above explanation is that the Japanese starry flounder population is almost exclusively left-eyed,and natural selection never promotes a purely less advantageous variation.As other explanations proved equally untenable,biologists concluded that there is no important adaptive difference between left-eyedness and right-eyedness,and that the two characteristics are genetically associated with some other adaptively significant characteristic. This situation is one commonly encountered by evolutionary biologists, who must often decide whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral.As for the left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish, their difference,however striking,appears to be an evolutionary red herring.1.According to the text,starry flounder differ form most other species of flatfish in that starry flounder[A]are not basically bilaterally symmetric.[B]do not become asymmetric until adulthood.[C]do not all share the same asymmetry.[D]have both eyes on the same side of the head.2.Which of the following best describes the organization of the text as a whole?[A]A phenomenon is described and an interpretation presented and rejected.[B]A generalization is made and supporting evidence is supplied and weighed.[C]A contradiction is noted and a resolution is suggested and then modified.[D]A series of observations is presented and explained in terms of the dominant theory.3.The text supplies information for answering which of the following questions?[A]Why are Japanese starry flounder mostly left-eyed?[B]Why should the eye-sidedness in starry flounder be considered selectively neutral?[C]Why have biologists recently become interested in whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral?[D]How do the eyes in flatfish migrate?4.Which of the following is most clearly similar to a cline as it is described in the second paragraph of the text?[A]A vegetable market in which the various items are grouped according to place of origin.[B]A wheat field in which different varieties of wheat are planted to yield a crop that will bring the maximum profit.[C]A flower stall in which the various species of flowers are arranged according to their price.[D]A housing development in which the length of the front struts supporting the porch of each house increases as houses are built up the hill.5.Which of the following phrases from the text best expresses the author’s conclusion about the meaning of the difference between left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish?[A]“Most striking”(line3,paragraph1)[B]“variation is adaptive”(line2,paragraph2)[C]“mechanically disadvantageous”(line7,paragraph3)[D]“evolutionary red herring”(line9,paragraph4)[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】C【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。
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复旦大学2017年考博英语冲刺班写作分析
课外补充（2017.3.4）
2010年、2013年、2014年、2015年写作都是考教材的。
《研究生英语》
Unit 1 Language 讲“英语史”，没有什么好讲，最多讲讲英语的重要性。
Unit 2 Education 14年、15年都考题。
不会再出个“My Idea of Graduate School”吧？
Unit 3 Science 科学探索的方法。
讲科学家跟普通人的思维方式大同小异工。
Unit 4 Marriage 女性觉醒，应该特别多关注。
文章某人最爱。
Unit 5 Work 罗素的文章，某人的最爱。
讲工作的重要性，应该特别关注
Unit 6 Music 从来都没讲过，新教材已经排除。
我们都在做校对工作。
Unit 7 Euthanasia 特别关注。
某人最爱。
Unit 8 Love 可以跟Unit 4结合起来。
讲感情管理。
《研究生高级英语》
Unit 1 University 14年、15年考题相关。
可以换个角度，“大学教育”。
特别关注。
Unit 2 Research 讲科学发现主要依赖想象力。
Chaos; order and Hidden likeness
Unit 3 Creativity 讲科学发现是“勤奋严谨”和“博学灵感”的结合，重点在后者，所谓“功夫在诗外”。
科学探索中，什么是关键因素？有三个单元涉及。
特别关注。
Inductionism; urekaism
Unit 4 Plagiarism 10年考过。
“Reflections on Plagiarism”
Unit 5 Globalization 某人最爱，特别关注。
特别是“文明冲突”跟国际局势相关。
Unit 6 Gender 性别差异。
有三篇文章涉及到“两性关系”，特别关注。
gender roles; equality between men and women
Unit 7 Happiness 罗素的文章，某人最爱。
13年考题。
今天高度关注“Work”。
Unit 8 Poetry 没什么好写的。
研究生生活，大学教育，两性关系和婚姻，工作，安乐死，科学探索，全球化与文明冲突。
正在修订的新教材
Unit 1 Language
Unit 2 Education
Unit 3 Scientific Investigation
Unit 4 Love
Unit 5 Marriage 已经把“Feminism”改为“Marriage”.
Unit 6 Life Reflections on My 80th Birthday 罗素，某人最爱。
是否记得“Reflections on Plagiarism”？罗素主要讲自己一生的追求：to find out whether anything could be known and do whatever might be possible toward creating a happier world. 也就是，追求科学真理，追求人类幸福。
应该考虑。
Unit 7 Speech 就职演说，主要讲“经济繁荣与社会挑战”。
高度关注。
Unit 8 Poetry 写作方面没什么好讲的，但是阅读，翻译，填空方面的文学题材会比较多。
<研究生高级英语〉（第二版）
1．How to Be a Good Ph. D Student
2．The Idea of a University
3．The Nature of Scientific Reasoning
4．Darwin’s Middle Road
5．What is a Scientific Paper?
6．The Groningen Protocol---Euthanasia in Severely Ill Newborns
7．The Many Faces of the Future---Why We’ll Never Have a Universal Civilization?
8．Plagiarism: The Emergence of a Literary Concept。