深圳牛津英语初一上学期知识点汇总

深圳牛津英语初一上学

期知识点汇总

Document number【980KGB-6898YT-769T8CB-246UT-18GG08】

初一上学期

Chapter 1 Making friends

I.知识点和课堂练习

A. 重点词组

keen on 热衷于 from 来自 playing rugby 喜欢打橄榄球

from sb 收到某人来信 friends with sb 与某人交朋友 football 踢足球

tennis/chess 打网球/下棋 with sb 和某人住在一起 10. reply to 回复

Chinese 讲汉语 to sb 给某人写信 13. would like to do sth 想做某事 as 从事 to school 步行上学 the top-right corner在右上角

letter from a penfriend笔友的一封信 photo of myself 我的一张照片 the middle of 在…中间 20. a boy called Jim 一个叫JIM的男孩’s favourite sport 某人最喜欢的运动

B.解释句子

1.What’s your height = How tall are you

2.What’s your weight = How heavy are you

3. What’s your age = How old are you

4. What’s the length of it = How long is it

5. He owns a restaurant. = He has a restaurant. / He is the owner of the restaurant.

6. I would like to be an architect. = I want to be an architect.

7. He is my favourite singer. = Of all the singers, I like him best.

8. I heard from him yesterday. = I received a letter from him yesterday.

9. He enjoys reading. = He likes reading.

10. They come from Beijing. = They are from Beijing.

Where do they come from = Where are they from

11. He is keen on skiing. = He is very interested in skiing.

12. I don’t know someone called Scott. = I don’t know someone named Scott.

has a friend called has a friend named Lin.

lives in a city. The city is called lives in a city called Shenzhen.

do you come from Where are you from

18.My favourite hobby is playing all the hobbies, I like playing chess best.

C. 不定冠词a/an的用法

a后接辅音开头的单词， an 后接元音开头的单词。注意是根据读音而不是根据字母来判断是用a/an.

5个元音的字母音 a [ei] e [i:] i [ai] o [?u] u [u:]

5个元音的短元音：

a [?e] bag cat hat map

e [e] pen bed ten hen

I [i] big pig sit hill

o [?] box hot dog frog

u [u] but mum bus mug

12个单元音：

短元音[?e] [e] [i] [?] [?] [u] [?]

长元音 [i:] [?:] [a:] [u:] [?:]

8个双元音：[ei] [ai] [?u] [au] [?i] [i?] [e?] [u?]

一般而言,元音字母在单词中发元音,辅音字母在单词中发辅音，但偶有特例

特例 an hour 一个小时 an honest boy一个诚实的男孩

a university一所大学 a useful/useless thing 有用/无用的东西

a European (cat) 一个欧洲人/一只欧洲猫 a usual day 平常的一天

a one-day holiday 一天的假期

2.特殊疑问词

what什么(可以用来询问/职业/年龄/年级/号码/颜色/时间/价格/人口或是询问某人怎么了) what colour / what is your name(age/you number/favourite sport) /what time/what colour/what class/what day/ what is the population of /what is wrong with/what about/what do you think of ..

when什么时间(大概的) what time 具体的时间

where什么地点/who谁/whose谁的/which哪一…/why为什么

how怎样

◆ ---How do you go to school ---I go to school on foot.

◆ --- How is your father---He is well now.

how old多大年龄 how many多少(后接名词复数) how much多少(不可数)；多少钱

how long物体的长度；时间长度 ( for +一段时间 ) how soon多久以后( in+一段时间)

---How soon will you go ---In two days.

how often多久一次 ---How often do you brush your teeth ---Once a day.

how far路程的长度 how tall(high)多高 how heavy多重

◆---How far is it from Beijing to Guangzhou

---It’s about 2000 km away.

---It’s twenty hour's ride in train from Beijing to Guangzhou

,but,so的用法

and 表示并列的连接，用来连接对等的单词、短语和句子；but 用来表示转折关系；so 表示因果“因此，所以”

◆because 和so 不可同时连用

Because he felt tied, so he fell asleep soon. ( ×)

Because he felt tied, he fell asleep soon. ( √)

He felt tied, so he fell asleep soon. ( √) II. 课后练习

Chapter two. Our daily life

I.课堂知识点

A．重点的词组

in charge of 负责；管理 after 照顾 3. lose one’s temper 发脾气

up 熬夜 5. brush one’s teeth 刷牙 6. go to school 上学 7. watch TV 看电视8. play table tennis 大乒乓球 a motorbike 骑摩托 the piano 弹钢琴 11. play computer games 玩电脑游戏 12. be similar to sb 和某人相似 different from 与什么不一样 at school 在学校上学 up 起床 a phone call to sb 和某人通电话 17. fail the exam 考试不及格 one’s way to school 在上学的路上19. in an hour or two. 在一到两小时内 18. attend the club 参加俱乐部

补充：

1. one of the top students 尖子生之一注意： one of + 可数名词复数

2. put on / take off the school uniform 穿上/脱下校服 (强调动作)

wear the school uniform 穿校服（强调状态）

3. discuss business = talk about business 讨论生意

4. drive sb to school/ work 开车送人去上学/上班

5. make phone calls to clients = call clients = phone clients给顾客打电话

6. achieve A grades = get A grades 取得A的成绩

7. fail an exam/ pass an exam 考试不及格/ 考试及格

fail to do 没有做成…

succeed in doing sth 成功做…

8. collect sb from a place 从…接人

9. return to (a place) = go back to (a place) 返回某地 return home = go back home return sth to sb = give sth back to sb. 还东西给某人

10. attend a club / a meeting/ a course 出席俱乐部的活动/会议/参加课程学习

辨析：attend , join, join in , take part in 都表示“参加”，但搭配的短语不一样。

join + 团体、组织、党派如：join the army/ the Pary 参军/ 入党

join in / take part in +活动、比赛如： join in / take part in the game/match 参加活动/比赛

attend + 会议、课程

attend a meeting = be present at a meeting. 出席会议

11. have meetings / a meeting 开会

12. assist sb with sth = help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事

assist sb to do sth = help sb (to) do sth

13. continue doing = go on doing = keep doing sth 继续做某事

14. in an hour or two = in one or two hours 一至两小时

15. be similar to 和…相似

16. be different from = be not the same as 和…不同

17. be the same as 和…一样

18. on the way to a place , on one’s way to a place去某地的路上

on the way home. 在回家的路上

19. lose one’s temper with sb. = get angry with sb 发某人的脾气 (lose- lost) (get- got) have a good / bad temper 脾气好/坏

20. take one’s temperature 量体温

21．tell the truth 说真话 tell lies / tell a lie 说谎话

区别： truth n. 事实，真理

true adj. 真实的, 正确的 a true story 真实的故事 true or false 对还是错

22. stay up (late) 熬夜

stay up doing sth 熬夜做某事（经常性的或已发生）

stay up to do sth 熬夜去做某事 (还没有发生，计划去做)

23. look after sb = take care of sb 照顾某人

24. be in charge of = be responsible for 负责；管理

B．解释句子

discuss business at talk about business at breakfast.

driver drives me to school in a driver drives me to school by car.

sometimes make phone calls to clients on the way to school.

I sometimes call clients on the way to school.

never fail an always pass an exam.

I return to I go back to school.

students often ask me to assist students often ask me to help them.

I continued working on my I went on working on my games.

is one of the top students in is one of the best students in Shenzhen.

is different from her is not the same as her sister.

is in charge of his is responsible for his company.

11．He looks after his little takes care of his little brother.

12. He tells the doesn’t tell a lie.

doesn’t often lose his temper with isn’t often angry with others.

B．一般现在时的构成

1. Be 动词的肯定（否定）句的构成：主语(I/单数/复数)+BE（ are）+（not）+其他。I am（not）A teacher.

动词的疑问句的构成：BE（ are）+主语(I/单数/复数)+其他Is it a girl 回答:No,主语+be +not No, it is not.

3.一般动词的肯定（否定）句的构成: 主语+（don’t）+动词原形+其他。I (do n’t )walk to school

4.一般动词的疑问句的构成：Do（does）+主语(复数/单数)+动词原形+其他 Do you love it

C. 动词单数第三人称的变化规则

i.大多数在词尾加S; looks,makes,writes

ii. 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的，在词尾加es. Discusses teaches mixes washes

iii.以辅音字母Y结尾的，将Y变i，加ES files carries studies

IV．以O结尾的动词，加ES does goes

D. 一般现在时的用法

1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。

When do you go to bed every day

2.表示永恒的真理或客观的存在

The earth moves around the sun. Silk feels soft and light.

3.表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性

David writes good English teacher is very kind and helpful.

4.格言或警句中

Pride goes before a fall 骄兵必败

5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。

Will go out to play if it does not rain.

I will call you as soon as I come back.

E. 表示频率的副词和副词短语

Always（总是；一直这样；表示动作重复，中间无间断）（频度为100%），usually（通常；常常；表示很少有例外）（频度为70%）, often（经常；但是不如usually频繁）, sometimes（有时，表示动作偶尔）（20%的频度）（some times几次/ some time一段时间/sometime将来某时）, hardly every,never这些表示频度的副词一般放在行为动词之前，系动词BE、助动词和情态动词之后.

Chapter 3 Troubles

I.课堂知识点

A. 1. Deal with/do with 处理 2. hold out 伸出，取出3. take a ferry 乘渡船

the police 报警 for等待 at sb 盯着 aboard 匆忙上船 to sb 和某人说话 sth from sb 偷某人东西 10. go after追赶 away逃跑 up 捡起 few minutes ago几分钟前 the other side of the river在河的另外一边 off 下车 in handcuffs 戴着手铐 done!干的好 sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 to sb发生在某人身上

补充：

hurry up赶快hurry to do = do…in a hurry 赶快做某事 hurry n. ?匆忙 & v. ?赶紧

hurry to + a place = go to + a place + in a hurry 匆忙赶去某地

switch on = turn on 打开 switch off = turn off 关闭

apologize to sb = say sorry to sb. 向某人道歉

apologize for sth = say sorry for sth 因某事道歉

apologize to sb for sth 因某事而向某人道歉 apologize v. 道歉

make an apology 道歉

accept an apology 接受道歉 refuse an apology 拒绝接受道歉

(how to )deal with =(what to) do with 处理，应付，解决

hold out = take out 拿出，取出（hold- held） (take-took)

sth happen to sb. 某人发生某事 sth happen = sth take place 发生某事

wait for sb./sth. 等某人/某事

begin to do =begin doing = start to do=start doing 开始做某事

begin – began v. 开始

show sth to sb. = show sb sth 给某人看某事

give sth to sb = give sb sth 给某人某物

find + sth/sb + 形容词发现（觉得）…怎么样

find sth missing 发现某物不见了

run away 逃跑 (run-ran)

go after = follow 跟随

pick sth up 拾起某物

report a theft 报告偷窃（案）

on the other side of 在另一边

go on/off the bus/the ferry 上/下车/船

see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事

see sb do sth 看见某人做某事 hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事

C．解释句子

1.Do you often take a ferry to school Do you often go to school by ferry

2.How do you deal with the old clothes What do you do with the old clothes

3.What happened to him What was wrong with himWhat was the matter with him

4.Then they began doing their they started doing their homework.

5.The room was wasn’t anything in the was nothing in the room.

6.Could you show me your ticket Could you show your ticket to me

7.He held out his pen and took out his pen and wrote.

8.I found him found he was clever.

9.I found my money found my money was lost.

10.The little girl followed the thief little girl went after the thief here.

11.My mother hurried mother went home in a hurry.

We saw six policemen standing round the man.

14.I saw him. He was playing the saw him playing the piano.

15.The thief stole my thief stole the purse from me.

D．表示“过去”的时间表达

Yesterday,the day before yesterday,last…,….ago,just now ,in+年（月），on+月（日）。

E.一般过去时构成

动词的肯定句（否定）的构成：主语+BE（was+were）+（+NOT）+其他

I was (not) a teacher two years ago.

动词的疑问句的构成：be（was+were）+主语+其他

Were you a teacher one year agoNO, I was not.

2.一般动词的肯定、否定、一般和特殊疑问句

1.肯定句: 人称+V-ed+其他.

2.否定句: 人称+ didn’t + 动词原形+其他.

3.一般疑问句: Did+人称+动词原形+其他

4.特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ did +人称+动词原形+其他

C.动词过去式的变化规则

Cost-cost cut-cut hit-hit hurt-hurt let-let put-put read-read become-became Come-came run-ran ring-rang swim-swam sing-sang sit-sat begin-began

Drink-drank give-gave ride-rode rise-rose write-wrote win-won drive-drove

Shine-shone hold-held go-went get-got buy-bought fight-fought lend-lent

Send –sent spend-spent build-built keep-kept sleep-slept sweep-swept draw-drew Blow-blew grow-grew know-knew throw-threw fly-flew break-broke speak-spoke

Wake-woke take-took mistake-mistook can-could will-would forget-forgot sell-sold Stand-stood understand-understood am/is-was are –were choose-chose do-did dig-dug Eat-ate fall-fell find-found feel-felt have/has-had hear-heard hang-hung shall-should

Learn-learnt/learned smell-smelt/smelled burn-burnt/burned mean-meant lie-lay say-said leave-left lose-lost meet-met make-made may-might see-saw wear-wore.

一．单元知识重点归纳

A. 重点词汇

least 至少 of 由。。组成 for 代表 a flash 一瞬间 pair of 一双 ancient times 在古代..to 从。。。到。。 sb with sth 帮某人做某事 down 写下 ..by.. 乘以 of ..中的其中一个 ago 很久以前 most至多 languages 国际语言 tens 十进制 many different ways 用许多不同的方法

B.解释句子

B. 解释句子。

1 Be careful! The car nearly hit you.

Look out ! The car almost hit you.

2. The Indians first invented the system of numbers.

The indians made the system of numbers for the first time.

3. Your calculation is accurate.

Your calculation is without mistakes.

4. The Peony( 牡丹) stands for China.

The Peony represents China .

5. She fell ill, however, she still went to work.

She feel ill , but she still went to work .

6. The text consists of 3 parts.

The text is made up of 3 parts .

The text includes 3 parts .

7. In ancient times, people ate raw (adj. 生的) meat.

Many , many years ago , people ate raw meat.

8What does that sign stand for

What does that sign represent

9This book consists of 7 chapters.

This book is made up of / includes 7 chapters.

10 There are at least four hundred people.

There are not less than four hundred people.

11 He is 5 years old, however, he can look after himself.

He is 5 years old, but he can look after himself.

12 I often help my mother do housework.

I often help my mother with housework. ( I often assist my mother to do housework.)

C. 重要语法

1.祈使句

DO型：动词原形+其它！ Stand up! Get out!

BE型：BE+名词/形容词+其它！ Be quick! Be quite!

LET型：let sb do sth let’s go there together. /Let us go there together.

2.否定祈使句

DO型否定句：DON’T +动词原形+其他！ Don’t touch it!

BE 型否定句：DON’T +BE +名词/形容词+其它！Don’t be so stupid!/Don’t be careless!

LET型否定句：let sb not do sth 让某人不要做某事 Let him not watch TV/Let’s not play computer game .

NO.型否定句：No smoking! =Don’t smoke. No parking=Don’t park

3．祈使句的反义疑问句

Let’s do sth, shall we Let’s go out for a walk, shall we

Let us do sth, will you Let us go out for a walk, will you

Do sth, will you Buy some food on your way home, will you

Don’t do sth,will you Don’t forget to mend the car,will you

4.祈使句的回答：

Do sth!---Yes,I will Clean the room after room!—Yes,I will /Ok,I will

Don’t do sth!---No,I won’t Don’t forget to mend the car,will you---Sorry ,I won’t /No,I won’t

5.祈使句的主要句型

Do sth,and you will…=If you do sth,you will do…

hard,and you will make great progress.=If you work hard,you will make great progress. Do sth,or you will…=If you don’t do sth,you will do…

up ,or you will be late for the school.=I f you don’t hurry up,you will be late for the school.

6.数字的加减乘除

A．加法：用 add…and ….或…plus/and …表示。同时，“等于”用is/equal表示。

Add 3and 9. 三加九 How much 3plus 9=How much is 3and 9 回答：3 plus 9 is/equals 6.

B.减法：“减”用subtract A from B(从B中减去A) 或B minus A(B减A). “等于”用is/equal表示。

C.乘法：用multiply A by B （B乘以A）,B time A表示B乘以A. “等于”用is/equal表示

D.除法：用“divid B by A”或”….divided by….”, “等于”用is/equal表示

7.基数词和序数词

基数词

A．1-12的基数词是单独的，需要逐个记忆。

1-One, 2-two,3- three ,4-four,5-five ,6-six,7 -seven ,8-eight,9- nine,10- ten,11- eleven,12- twelve

是个位数的测的词干后加-TEEN构成。

Fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen

注意变化的不规则的：Thirteen, fifteen,eighteen,

C.基数20-90是在个位数词后面加-TY构成

Sixty,seventy,ninety

注意变化的不规则的：Twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty

D．21-99是在十位数词后面加上个位数合成，中间加上连字符“—”

,fifty-four,forty-six…

注意：在读的时候，百位和十位之间用and,十位和个位则直接连读；如果没有十位，百位和个位也直接用and.(245 :two hundred and forty-five,509:five hundred and nine)

序数词：

A．需要特殊记忆的序数词

1-First,2-second,3-third,5-fifth,8-eighth,9-ninth,12-twelfth,

B. 其他序数词在相应的基数词之后加-TH构成。

Fourth ,sixth,seventh,thirteenth,.

C.序数词20-90变Y为I,加-ETH构成。

第20-twentieth,第30-thirtieth, 第40-fortieth,50-fiftieth, 第60-sixtieth, 第70-seventieth, 第80-eightieth, 第90-ninetieth

D．序数词21-99,将各位数的基数词变为相应的序数词

第21 twenty-first 第22 twenty-second 第95 ninety-fifth 第73 seventy-third.

E.数词的用法

a.小数的表达法：小数是以基数加小数点表示，小数点前面的数按基数词的规则读，小数点后面的数按个位基数词一次读出。

one hundred and forty-eight point zero six.

b.分数的表达法：分数的分子以基数词表示，分母以序数词表示，当分子大于1时，序数词要用复数。1/2 a half 1/3 one/third 2/3 two thirds 1/4 one fourth=a quarter

c.百分数的读法：百分数是由基数词或小数加百分号组成，百分号（%）读作precent.

d.月/日的表示法：in+year/month, on 具体的某一天,at 某个时刻。

e.钟点的表达法。

整点钟通常直接由基数词表示：12：00 twelve o’clock

当分钟为小于等于30时，用half past …

当分钟数大于30时，用“60分钟减去实际的分钟A得到B，再用B to 小时。

f.编号的表达法：次数的表达：基数词+times;一次 once，两次 twice;房号的表达：ROOM+数字，年级班级的表达：Class 1,Grade4;页数的表达：Page Two;课的表达：Lesson One,the First Lesson.

g.数词的关键考点：

具体数字+hundred/thousand/million----Two thousand teachers;

hundreds/thousands/millions of 可数名词; hundreds/thousands/millions of books;

another+数字=数字+more 另外；another two books,one more book.

在。。。世纪。。。年代：在十七世纪二十年代：in the 1620’s 或in the 1620s;

a+序数词表示“再一，又一”：He wants to try a second time

The+序数词表示“第几”This is the second time I have seen the film.

Be the first to do sth:第一次做某事的人。

The+序数词+形容词最高级+。。。第几：He is the second tallest student in our class.

短语表

1.at least = not less than 至少

反义词at most = not more than 最多

2.consist of = be made up of; include 由……组成

3.help sb with sth 帮助某人某事

help sb do sth =help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事（注意do 动词原形）

4.stand for = represent 代表

注意以下短语中“in”的用法

5.in ancient time s = many many years ago 在古代时期

注意times：时期，时代

8.in figures 用数字 in words 用文字

9.in a flash 一瞬间

Chapter 5 Beyond time and space I.

1.重点知识点讲解

A.重点词汇

through 穿过，通过 pieces 成碎片 up 装扮、打扮 travel 太空旅行 place 发生 in trouble 处于困境中 out of 从。。。出去 on 登陆。。 away 跳离 to sb. 转向某人 sure相信 fun 有乐趣 a story 讲故事 friendly to sb对某人友好 afraid of 害怕 off 起飞a film 看电影

B．重点语法

1.一般将来时的构成（I）：主语+shall/will+..

(一般将来时指的是对将来事物近期或远期的预见，表达个人主观意图以及征求对方意见）

肯（否）定句的构成：主语+ WILL（not）+动词原形+其它。。。

疑问句的构成：Will+主语+动词原形+其他。。

回答方式：Yes,主语+will. No 主语+won’t

备注：无论主语是第几人称，都可以WILL，但是当句子的主语是第一人称I,WE时，也可以用shall.

I shall (will) learn English next year.

Shall we walk to school tomorrow-----Yes,we shall. No,we shall not

2.一般将来时的构成II:一般将来时的构成（II）：主语+be going to +…(表示即将发生的或最近打

算进行的事)

肯（否）定句的构成：主语+be (not) going to +..

疑问句：BE+主语+going to +动词原形+。。。回答：Yes,主语+be(not).

3. 一般将来时的其他构成方式：

1.be to+动词原形+…（表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见）

I am to go to Beijing this winter holiday!

about to+动词原形+….（表示即将发生的动作）：He is about to go.

3.现在进行时表示将来时：（come，go，leave可用现在进行时表示按计划将发生的动作）

I am going to school tomorrow。 I am leaving to Beijing in two days！

4.一般将来时的重要考点：

A．Let’s do sth,shall we 和Let us do sth,will you

B．祈使句+反义疑问句。（反义疑问句部分用will you）

Don’t forget to mend the car ,will you

C,祈使句+and/or+句子（and后面的句子用一般将来时）

Work hard，and you will make great progress

=If you workhard，you will make great progress

D．主将从现（主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时）

If you workhard，you will make great progress

I will come to see you when I come back。

E．There is going to be+=There will be。。将有

There is going to be a match this weekend。=There will be a match this weekend。

3.表示将来的时间表达

A. tomorrow/next…/the day after tomorrow/this…(这个)/in the future/ from now on/in+一段时间

Chapter time and space(II)

重点知识点

I.重要的词汇

Fall asleep 睡着 wake up 醒来 go out 熄灭 hard work 难事 look for 寻找 in space 在天空中 at a speed of 以什么样的速度 in the sky 在天上 go round 环绕 escape from 从。。逃离 neither…nor.. 既不。。也不。。 be free 自由 moments later 片刻之后 aim at sb 瞄准某人 at that time 在那时 first aid 急救 climb into 爬进 go back 返回invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 make an invitation 邀请 suggest doing sth 建议做某事 make a suggestion 提建议have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得开心

区别： fall asleep = go to sleep 入睡 go to bed 去睡觉 feel sleepy 感到瞌睡的

II.解释句子

1. The story probably takes place on another planet.

The story probably happens on another planet.

2. We had fun yesterday.

We enjoyed ourselves yesterday.

3. Maybe he is friendly.

May be he is friendly.

4. Suddenly, a dog appeared from nowhere.

Suddenly, a dog showed up from nowhere.

5. The rat escaped from the cat.

The rat run away from the cat.

6. He isn’t right. You aren’t right, either.

Neither he nor you are right.

7. Gork immediately fell asleep.

Gork went to sleep at once.

8. We’ll use this laser torch to melt the bars.

We’ll melt the bars with this laser torch.

9. What’s wrong, Gork

What’s the matter , Gork

10. What happened to Gork

What’s wrong with Gork

What’s the matter with Gork

11. Catch the chance, otherwise you’ll regret it. (regret v. 后悔)

Catch the chance, or you’ll regret it.

12. Don’t interrupt me!

Stop talking with me !

13. He went out secretly.

He went out without notice.

14. He aimed the gun at the bird.

He pointed the gun at the bird.

16.His cigarette went out.

His cigarette stopped shining

II.本章重点语法知识

1.介词及方位介词的用法

介词是一种虚词，没有词形的变化，通常放在名词或代词之前，用于表示它们与其它词的关系。按照意义来分，英语的介词主要分为三类：时间介词、方位介词和其他介词。

方位介词的用法

A．方位介词就是表示方位或地点的介词：常见的有at/in/on/between/inside/outside/in front of …

表示“在。。处”，一般用于较小的比较具体的地点。At this village.

表示“在。。里面/内部”；或是在较大的地点。In Beijing,in this box

比较 in the tree 和on the tree，on the wall 和 in the wall

In the tree 指本身不属于树的东西落在了树上。如动物

On the tree 指本来树上就长有的。

On the wall 指的是在墙的表面如黑板，画等

In the wall 表示镶嵌在墙的里面，如窗户、门等

注意：in the newspaper: 在报纸上（新闻）， in the street(on the road)在街上

B. 比较地理方位介词in，ON,TO

a. IN 表示A地在B地的范围之内

Shanghai is in the east of China.

表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻

North Korea is on the east of China.

表示A地在B地范围之外，即两者之间有距离

Japan lies to the east of China.

d. on 表示“在某物上面”但两者接触。

比较ON ,OVER,ABOVE,beneath

ON 表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起。A book on the desk

OVER表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系“在。。上方”(反义词是UNDER).a bridge over the river Above表示在某物的斜上方，或“高于。。”（反义词是below）.

Beneath常可以和below 互换，表示在。。下方，在。。脚下

表示“在某物的后面”

f.”in front of “表示“在。。前面”（反义词是behind

注意：

In front of 指“在某物的外部的前方”

There are some big trees in front of the classroom.

In the front of “指的是在某物的内部靠前的地方“

The driver is always in the front of the bus.

In the front“在前面”

I like to sit in the front.

表示“在某事物的附近”

beside 和by都表示“在。。旁边”

near 表示距离比beside 和by稍远些。也时常换用。

Near to 表示“紧挨着”，“紧靠。。的旁边”

表示“在。。。之间”，常用于between..and..”—“在。。之间”

between表示“在两者之间”，among表示“在三者或三者以上”

B．限定词“some”和“any”

1.“some”和“any”可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。

Some (any)books/water

2. some 常用于肯定句中，而any用在否定和疑问句中。

和any的特殊用法。

Some 用在疑问句，表示建议，请求或是期望得到肯定回答。

Would you like some tea

What about some apple juice

Any 用于肯定句中，起强调作用。表示“任何”常用结构“any+单数名词”

Any student can answer this question.

4.some+单数名词表示“某一”

some day some one

5.some more 意思是“一些更多的”,some other 意思是“一些其他的”，在否定和疑问句中用any

other.但是“any other…”其他任何

C an you give me some more coffee

C.不定代词：既不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。常见的不定代词有：

some(something,somebody,someone);any(anything,anybody,anyone);no(nothing,nobody,no one);every(everything,everybody,everyone);all,each,both,none,one,either,neither,other,anot her,much,many,(a )little,(a)few;

,someone,something

Somebody,someone,something用于肯定句中

Somebody某人;something 某事/某物

Something可以用于提建议或请求的问句中，希望得到肯定回答；

Would you like something to eat

2.anybody,anyone,anything

anybody,anyone,anything用于否定和疑问句中, Anybody任何人，anything 任何事/物

。（anyone,anything用于肯定句中表示“任何人”或“任何事/物）

3.nobody,no one,nothing

nobody=not anybody没有一个人

I saw nobody=I didn’t see anybody.

Nothing=not..anything 什么也没有

I heared nothing.=I didn’t hear anything.

No one=none 一个人也没有

4.复合不定代词

A．复合不定代词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

B.不定代词+形容词（不定代词的定语要后置）

Nothing serious.

There is something important in the newspaper.

something to do 有事要做

There is something wrong with

There is nothing wrong with

Nothing much没什么大事。