非谓语动词语法讲解

非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语;当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了;非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义基本用法不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成;三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing -ing 形式作主语时,用的所有格＋doing六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式;方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语;方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语;3、判断主被动关系;方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系;4、判断时间关系;方法：分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时;之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一起来比较学习,会更加有效一些;七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词; 动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作;如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk分析 a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语,选 Bb. 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + for / of sb. to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s useless doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容;如：My job is teaching / to teach English. teaching / to teach English 是myjob的内容Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. 主表语要用同一种形式2、分词作表语记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词,常用分词形式作表语;现在分词表示主语的性质特征,用过去分词表示主语的状态;常用动词：surprise 使某人吃惊, surprising 令人吃惊, surprised 主语感到吃惊类似动词有：excite 激动,astonish 惊奇,shock 震惊,scare 惊恐, disappoint 失望,move 感动,如：The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.3、在seem / appear 似乎,好像, prove / turn out 被证明是, remain 仍然是,尚待等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语;如：He seemed to be very happy.非谓语动词十大解题原则非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式,可是其用法非常广泛,它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点,而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容;为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法,笔者在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则,并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则;根据这些原则,相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词;原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接,如果没有连词连接,则需要用非谓语动词例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had been told例2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had told解析：例1中有连词but连接,表明前后都是句子,所以答案为C;例2中后面是一个句子,而且没有连词,所以前面不是句子,应该用非谓语动词,根据句意此处为被动,所以答案为A;原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词,及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式,无宾语时用-ed形式例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing解析：lose为及物动词,现在后面没有宾语,所以用-ed形式,答案为B;例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationD. Giving all the possibilities解析：把;;;考虑进来结构为take sth into consideration,现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities,所以用-ing形式,答案为B;原则三、being done 表示“正在被”,一般不作状语,只作定语;非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前例5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话,就给他们发了个邮件”,没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前,所以用having done,答案为D;例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.A. to have foundedB. having foundedC. foundingD. to found解析：根据句意,Tim Bemers-Lee创立万维网应该是过去的事情,而且be considered后面应该用动词不定式,所以应该用to have done,答案为A;原则四、非谓语动词作定语时,表示将来用-to do,表正在进行用-ing,表示已经完成用-ed例7. The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture．A．produced B．being producedC．to be produced D．having been produced解析：根据本题中的时间状语next month,可知the play将要于下月被创作出来,表将来应该用to do,所以答案为C;例 trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down解析：根据句意“被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了”,树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作,表已经完成用-ed形式,所以答案为B;原则五、介词后跟-ing形式,可以在-ing前加逻辑主语例9. The discovery of new evidence led to ______________.A. the thief having been caughtB. the thief to be caughtC. catch the thiefD. the thief being caught解析：本题led to中的to是介词,后面应该用-ing形式,the thief作-ing的逻辑主语,所以答案为D;例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closedD. to open and close解析：本题the noise of中的of是介词,后面应该用-ing形式,desks作-ing的逻辑主语,所以答案为C;原则六、-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语,-ed形式则不可以例11. ___________ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.A. CaughtB. Having caughtC. Being caughtD. To catch解析：本题中is为系动词,前面应该作主语,用-ing形式,所以答案为C;例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. ExaminingB. ExaminedC. Being examinedD. Having been examined解析：本题中is为系动词,前面应该作主语,用-ing形式,所以答案为C;原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语例13Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.A. comparingB. comparesC. to compareD. compared解析：“和;;;相比较”结构为be compared with,现在做句子的状语,所以只保留非谓语动词,把动词be去掉,答案为D;例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To faceB. Having facedC. FacedD. Facing解析：“面对”结构为be faced with, 现在做句子的状语,所以只保留非谓语动词,把动词be去掉,答案为C;原则八、非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致,和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式,构成动宾关系是用-ed形式;其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构例15． ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman一致,the postman应该是被咬,所以答案为B;例 in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk.B. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语应和句子主语he一致, he 和walk应该是主动关系,所以答案为B;例17. While watching television, __________.A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings解析：根据“非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的原则,watching 的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致,所以句子主语应为“we”,答案为C;例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished解析：本题没有连词,所以后面应用非谓语动词,the lessons是非谓语动词的逻辑主语,和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构;根据句意应是“被完成”,所以答案为B;原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式;另外,某些形容词表喜、怒、哀、乐做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因例19．_____, you need to give all you have and try your best.A. Being a winnerB. To be a winnerC. Be a winnerD. Having been a winner解析：根据句意“要想成为获胜者,你要付出所有,尽最大努力”,此处表目的,所以答案为B;例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told解析：本句句意为“记者们匆匆赶到机场,却被告知明星们已经走了”,表出乎意料的结果常常用only to do,所以答案为B;例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.A. to letB. lettingC. letD. having let解析：本题句意为“玻璃门替换了木头门,自然光就进来了”,自然光进来时顺其自然的结果,所以用doing, 答案为B;例 glad I am ___________ youA. seeingB. to seeC. sawD. having seen解析：本题是I am glad to see you 的感叹句形式,to see you 是原因状语,答案为B;原则十、非谓语动词的否定原则是在非谓语动词前加not,有not to do, not doing, not having done, not to have done几种形式例23______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realized解析：本题考查doing的否定形式not doing,答案为 C;例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child.A. his being not allowedB. his not being allowedC. his not allowingD. having not been allowed解析：本题考查being done的否定形式not being done; his 为not being done的逻辑主语,所以答案为B;例25. Sarah has decided ________ away on holiday this summer.A. don’t goB. to not goC. not goingD. not to go解析：本题考查to do的否定形式not to do, 所以答案为D;。