非谓语动词的解题原则
非谓语动词十大实用解题原则

非谓语动词十大实用解题原则非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式,可是其用法非常广泛,它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点,而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。
为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法,笔者在教学实践中总结出十二条实用的解题原则,并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则。
根据这些原则,相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。
原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接,如果没有连词连接,则需要用非谓语动词。
例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had been told 例2._________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had told解析:例1中有连词but连接,表明前后都是句子,所以答案为C。
例2中后面是一个句子,而且没有连词,所以前面不是句子,应该用非谓语动词,根据句意此处为被动,所以答案为A。
原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词,及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式,无宾语时用-ed 形式。
例3. ______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing解析:lose为及物动词,现在后面没有宾语,所以用-ed形式,答案为B。
例4. __________, I really believe that I’d pre fer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationD. Giving all the possibilities解析:把。
非谓语动词

1. 语态的判断: 1) 在 “be + adj.” 或 “SVOC” 结构中,后面 所跟的不定式常用主动语态. 2) 习惯上用 to let (出租), to blame (责怪) 等主动形式表被动意义. 2. 时态的判断 不定式的完成式用在was/were, planned, intended, meant, hoped, wished等之后,表示 事实上并未实现的行为或plan, intend, wish, hope, mean等动词的过去完成式与不定式一般式 连用,也可以表示事实上并没有实现的行为.
பைடு நூலகம்
Ⅳ. 动名词的逻辑主语 表示方法: 人称代词的所有格或有生命物体 名词的’s/s’的所有格 例句6: I had to postpone ____ to his plan to a later date. A. me listening B. my listening C. myself listening D. mine listening 如果逻辑主语是没有生命的名词,那通常用 普通格; 如果是有生命的,一般用所有格; 但 是做介词宾语时, 也可以用普通格.
例如:I intended to have finished it, but I failed at last. (没有实现) I had intended to finish it, but I failed. (没有实 现) 3. 不定式做复合谓语的一部分 be said, be reported, be supposed, be believed, be known, be sorry, seem等之后经常跟不定式. 4. 同时涉及时态和语态时, 应该先判断语态. 例如: He is supposed to have left for Italy last week.
非谓语的解题步骤或思路

非谓语的解题步骤或思路(1)先判断空格部分所需的是主句,从句还是非谓语动词。
独立的句子,从句或非谓语独立的句子加句号,分号或破折号的话,后再加一个独立的句子。
独立的句子,(逗号)有and,but, so 等词加独立的句子。
(2)再根据主句的主语,来判断主动或被动;(3)接下来再判断时态,(4)如果是否定的话,not一定要放在非谓语的前面(5)一定不要忘记主语一致的原则,如果不一致的话,要把非谓语的独立主语加上。
非谓语常见的位置,或在句子中所担当的成分(1)非谓语动词短语,+ 主句或者是主句,非谓语动词短语这时的非谓语动词短语起到状语的作用例如:influenced by the growing interest in nature, more people enjoy outdaoor activities.在这种情况下,首先,找出主句的主语,然后以主句的主语为出发点,来判断非谓语动词是主动还是被动,如果已有的非谓语动词的主语和主句主语不一致,还要考虑独立主格结构,也就是把非谓语动词的自己的主语加上去:例如:All flights having been cancelled , they decided to takethe train.其次,把非谓语动词和主句的动词比较,看是否同时发生还是有明显的先后。
(2)跟在介词,动词或某些形容词的后面固定搭配只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有:admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免put off推迟keep 保持consider 考虑delay/ postpone耽搁dislike 嫌恶resist 抵制mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅practice 练习mind介意fancy想不到feel like 意欲finish 完成risk 冒险include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁involve 需要can’t stand 无法忍受understand 理解常见的带介词to的短语:be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起be equal to 胜任devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致be opposed to 反对look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意(3)介词后一定要加动词的-ing 形式;(4)跟在名词后面做定语时,一般不用having done/ having been done 结构(5)放在句首做主语,一般用动词的ing 和to do …特殊的非谓语短语Generally speaking 一般来说Considering …. 考虑到,鉴于Time/weather permitting 时间、天气允许的话Taking …into account 考虑到Taking …into consideration 考虑到Provided …假如Providing…假如Suppose…假如Supposing…假如Juding from/ by…根据…判断Given sth 假如,如果;鉴于,考虑到Given that…假如,如果;鉴于,考虑到。
非谓语动词解题三步走

非谓语动词解题三步走作者:王正勋来源:《高中生·高考指导》2015年第10期第一步:确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
一般来讲,一个句子只有一个谓语动词。
如果是两个谓语动词并列,要有连词连接;如果没有连词,其中一个要用非谓语动词。
如果是三个或三个以上谓语动词并列时,前面几个谓语动词要用逗号分开,最后两个常用and等连词连接,此时的谓语动词所表示的动作常先后接连发生。
否则要根据具体情况,分析动词之间的关系,确定非谓语动词的形式。
如果and等连词不是放在最后两个动词之间,要分析各个动词的关系,确定哪些是用作谓语动词,哪些是用作非谓语动词,再分析动词之间的关系,确定非谓语动词的形式。
例1 A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.解析:答案为将telling改为told。
分析句子结构可知,tell与saw是并列关系,and前后的谓语动词时态要一致,因此将telling改为told。
例2 The old woman carefully sorted out the eggs,_____(put)them in the basket and headed for the market.解析:答案为putting。
分析句子结构可知,put动作应该与sort out动作同时发生,虽然三个动词中最后两个用and连接,但三个动词并不是接连发生,因此put不能用作谓语动词,而用现在分词充当伴随状语。
第二步:根据非谓语动词发生时间和谓语动词的时间关系确定非谓语动词的时态,根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系确定非谓语动词的语态。
1. 若所表示的动作与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生,则用to do(主动)或to be done(被动)。
2. 若与主要谓语的动作(几乎)同时进行,并强调正在进行的情景或持续性,则用to be doing或doing(主动),being done(被动)。
高中英语非谓语动词考查重点和解题方法归纳

高中英语非谓语动词考查重点和解题方法归纳非谓语动词属于英语语法的三座大山之一,无论在考试中还是平时的英语阅读中所起的作用都举足轻重。
但是,对于这么重要的语法内容,很多同学们却怎么学都学不透,要么完全不懂、做题时全靠“感觉”;要么一知半解,能跳过则跳过。
其实,只要方法正确,遇到有关非谓语动词的题目时就会迎刃而解,更令人开心的是,在平时的英语阅读中再也不需要绕道而行了!一、非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
二、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1、不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)例如:The teacher told us to do morning exercises .老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
非谓语动词--七大原则

(四)分析时态 C ____ 1. The building ____now will be a restaurant . B ________ 2. The building ____ next year will be a restaurant . D ________ 3. The building ______last year is a restaurant. A.having been built B.to be built
7.He hurried to the station, only ______ that the train had left. (2005广东卷) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。
A.to take C. to be taken B. taking D. taken
(三)分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词
和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
Jane 1. “You can’t catch me !” Jane shouted, ______ away. A. run B. running C.to run D. ran 2. _____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
sitting
原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主语保持一致.
12. Faced with a bill for $10,000,_____. (2006陕西卷) faced with A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John
非谓语动词题的八条经典原则(学生)

三步解非谓语动词遇到有关非谓语动词的单选题,可以根据句中的搭配结构、非谓语的主被动形式和非谓语的“时态”三个角度,从语言的结构到语义由简单到复杂依次排选。
第一步:根据非谓语形式在句中可作的成分来分析空白处可填入的非谓语形式,看能否在不定式、分词和动名词几个形式之间先排除一个或几个。
非谓语动词在句中可作成分一览表注:1).the 分词也可用作主语和宾语;2).现在分词完成式不作定语。
1.非谓语形式作主语或宾语时,除“the 分词”外一般只能用不定式或动名词。
其中不定式作介词的宾语时要使用“特殊疑问词 不定式”结构。
例如:1).It’s very kind of you to help us.2).Fighting broke out between the South and the North.3).The driver failed to see other cars at the moment .4).Please show us how to do that.2.作状语时,不定式表示目的以及so/as to do和(only)to do中的结果状语,其它状语都用分词来表示。
例如:1).To sleep late the next morning,he turned off the alarm clock.(“非谓语 主句”模式中,非谓语在句首而且由逗号与主句隔开,此句中的不定式只作目的状语;此时的分词表示时间、原因或条件状语,有时分词前可加when,while,if,before, after,as和though等连词,如:①Given more attention,the trees could have grown better. ②When asked,never be silent.)2).He came here only to say good-bye to us.(不定式在句中作目的状语时它前面不能用逗号)3).He spoke a lot at the conference,only to show his ignorance on the topic.(不定式在主句之后,又有逗号与主句隔开时常用(only)to do形式表示出乎主语意料的结果)第二步:在第一步的基础上从非谓语的主被动形式这个角度进行筛选。
非谓语动词解题技巧

非谓语动词练习一.非谓语题的解题总方法与思路:1. 辨别―谓与非谓‖1.)先看四个答案:如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况,那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。
2.)看符号:中间有个逗号,末尾有个句号(有时中间没有逗号);3.)看有没有连接词(引导词)。
如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话,一部分是句子时,那么另一部分就一定是非句子,而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
2. 找逻辑主语3. 定语态:如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的主谓关系,那么答案一般用Ving形式;如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的动宾关系(被动关系),那么答案一般用V ed形式。
4. 定时态:如果非谓语的动作比谓语先(或先很久)发生,那么非谓语动词要用完成式(to havedone/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done),否则我们要用非谓语的一般式(to do / to be done / doing / being done / done)。
二.非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点:1)在“句子, and/or/but +句子”的并列句结构中,可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句,四个答案表面上象非谓语,其实考查的是谓语。
1.______hard and you will succeed in the exam.2.______hard or you will fail in the exam.3.______hard , you will succeed in the exam.A. StudyB. T o studyC. S tudyingD. Studied2)在“句子,非句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语:4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ most of his students successful in study.A. makeB. to makeC. makingD. made3)在“非句子,句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语:5. _________with children, I know what is needed most.A. WorkingB. Having workedC. WorkedD. T o work4) 在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词:6. With her baby _______ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.A. sleepB. sleptC. to sleepD. sleeping7. With his hair _______ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.A. cutB. to be cutC. cuttingD. to cut5)在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear…等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时,也可能用非谓语动词。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
非谓语动词的解题原则原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接,如果没有连词连接,则需要用非谓语动词例1. _________ many times, but he stillcouldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had been told例2._________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had told解析:例1中有连词but连接,表明前后都是句子,所以答案为C。
例2中后面是一个句子,而且没有连词,所以前面不是句子,应该用非谓语动词,根据句意此处为被动,所以答案为A。
原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词,及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式,无宾语时用-ed形式例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing解析:lose为及物动词,现在后面没有宾语,所以用-ed形式,答案为B。
例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationD. Giving all the possibilities解析:把。
考虑进来结构为take sth into consideration,现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities,所以用-ing形式,答案为B。
原则三、being done 表示“正在被”,一般不作状语,只作定语。
非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前例5. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed解析:根据句意“我们没有打通电话,就给他们发了个邮件”,没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前,所以用having done,答案为D。
例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.A. to have foundedB. having foundedC. foundingD. to found解析:根据句意,Tim Bemers-Lee创立万维网应该是过去的事情,而且be considered后面应该用动词不定式,所以应该用to have done,答案为A。
原则四、非谓语动词作定语时,表示将来用-to do,表正在进行用-ing,表示已经完成用-ed例7. The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A.producedB.being producedC.to be producedD.having been produced解析:根据本题中的时间状语next month,可知the play 将要于下月被创作出来,表将来应该用to do,所以答案为C。
例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down解析:根据句意“被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了”,树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作,表已经完成用-ed 形式,所以答案为B。
原则五、介词后跟-ing形式,可以在-ing前加逻辑主语例9. The discovery of new evidence led to______________.A. the thief having been caughtB. the thief to be caughtC. catch the thiefD. the thief being caught解析:本题led to中的to是介词,后面应该用-ing形式,the thief作-ing的逻辑主语,所以答案为D。
例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closedD. to open and close解析:本题the noise of中的of是介词,后面应该用-ing形式,desks作-ing的逻辑主语,所以答案为C。
原则六、-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语,-ed形式则不可以例11. ___________ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.A. CaughtB. Having caughtC. Being caughtD. To catch解析:本题中is为系动词,前面应该作主语,用-ing 形式,所以答案为C。
例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. ExaminingB. ExaminedC. Being examinedD. Having been examined解析:本题中is为系动词,前面应该作主语,用-ing形式,所以答案为C。
原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语例13Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.A. comparingB. comparesC. to compareD. compared解析:“和。
相比较”结构为be compared with,现在做句子的状语,所以只保留非谓语动词,把动词be去掉,答案为D。
例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To faceB. Having facedC. FacedD. Facing解析:“面对”结构为be faced with, 现在做句子的状语,所以只保留非谓语动词,把动词be去掉,答案为C。
原则八、非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致,和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式,构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。
其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构例15. ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman一致,the postman应该是被咬,所以答案为B。
例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk.B. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语应和句子主语he一致, he 和walk应该是主动关系,所以答案为B。
例17. While watching television, __________.A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings解析:根据“非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的原则,watching的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致,所以句子主语应为“we”,答案为C。
例18. The children went home from the grammarschool, their lessons ____ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished解析:本题没有连词,所以后面应用非谓语动词,the lessons是非谓语动词的逻辑主语,和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。
根据句意应是“被完成”,所以答案为B。
原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种:目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语(表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式)。
另外,某些形容词(表喜、怒、哀、乐)做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因例19._____, you need to give all you have and try your best.奇速英语公众微信号qisuenA Being a winnerB To be a winnerC Be a winnerD Having been a winner解析:根据句意“要想成为获胜者,你要付出所有,尽最大努力”,此处表目的,所以答案为B。