2015浙大考博汉译英原文
考博英语作文范文2015年
英语作文范文2015一、考博英语作文题目：Do Modern People Become Lonelier?考博英语作文范文：Although Chinese people have gradually become wealthy more or less due to the reform and opening-up policy，they have oftentimes been troubled by a lack of friends that they can take into their confidence. This observation manifests itself most vividly in a line cited from the movie. If You Are the One，that is，“I do not lack money but friends”.Ironically，in the cell phone contact list of an average person，the number of cellphone numbers may reach a couple of hundreds. One cannot help wondering if modern people become lonelier than before. Personally，I hold the opinion that modern people do become lonelier than before.由于改革开放政策的实施，中国人民变得比以往更加富有，但是，有时他们也会因为缺少朋友而困扰，朋友能够为他们带来自信。
我们能从电影台词中清晰可见。
电影非诚勿扰中有一句台词：“我不缺钱，只缺朋友。
”具有讽刺意味的是，在人们的电话薄中，我们存储了上百个电话号码。
考博英语历年汉译英
1997年Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society’s power of choice. We can ch oose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.观看歌剧是件昂贵的事。
浙江大学考博英语部分真题及其解析
浙江大学考博英语部分真题及其解析Section I Use of English(10%)Read the following text.Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and ma,A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1(客观答题卡).We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is1of reason,I think,that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly into America2as doctors,scientists and engineers.Our struggles are individual and familial but3communal or political.Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the AMERICAN Dr earr While I can strive for4into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean mothers in ml home town,God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that――5fame ant in fluence as a writer,an Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi huo kao bo fu dao ti yan qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi intellectual or perhaps president of the United States.I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something6than myself and m~personal ambitions,part of a larger culture. Unfortunately,by coming to America my parent,7the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me.When I visited8last summer,found that I was9and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Korean and for turning my10on their culture.Taxi drivers would 11to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew from our12where we had come from.And13,in spite of the17years I have spent in this country,I feel more acutely conscious than ever of the fact that I am not completely14.Recently,a black man called me a"littleChinese faggot"in a men's room,and a15woman on the street told me to"go back to Japan."Americans,I think,feel a(n)16to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at asociological,philosophical and geographical distance.With17numbers of Asian-American18applying to top colleges,many white students have begun to complain aboutAsian-American19and competitiveness,calling us"Asian nerds."Many Americans consider this as part of a larger"Asian invasionf associated20Japan's export success in America.01.[A]one[B]part[C]much[D]some02.[A]country[B]city[C]land[D]society03.[A]hardly[B]frequently[C]approximately[D] always04.[A]scholarship[B]citizenship[C]admittance[D] integration05.[A]toward[B]near[C]between[D]among06.[A]more[B]better[C]larger[D]longer07.[A]sold[B]maintained[C]memorized[D]sacrificed08.[A]Japan[B]China[C]Korea[D]Thailand09.[A]scorned[B]respected[C]surprised[D]ignored10.[A]side[B]head[C]eyes[D]back11.[A]like[B]refuse[C]straggle[D]want12.[A]skin[B]clothes[C]faces[D]politeness13.[A]also[B]so[C]yet[D]then14.[A]hated[B]ignored[C]treated[D]welcome15.IAI homeless[B]careless[C]selfless[D]shameless16.[A]fear[B]need[C]interest[D]hate17.[A]growing[B]expanding[C]developing[D] enlarging18.[A]people[B]residents[C]students[D]foreigners19.,[Al diligence[B]laziness[C]hardship[D] stubbornness20.[A]for[B]to[C]with[D]atgection II Reading Comprehension(60%)Part A(40%)Read the following texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1(客观答题卡).Text1InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration n countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government.By the end of September,there will be InfraGard chapters in all50states, Calloway said.With advice from the FBI,each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry,the academic community and public agencies.Banks,utilities,and other businessesand government agencies will use a secure Web site to share nformation about attempts to hack into their computer networks.Members can join the system!t no charge.A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.A"sanitized"description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn't reveal the name or ensitive information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends?hen a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to ietermine if there are grounds for an investigation.Cybercrime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial cormmerce and technology like Charlotte."Ten years ago,all you needed to protect yourself was a safe,a fence and security officers,"said Chris Swecker,who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office."Now any business with a modem is subject to attack."FBE agents investigating computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including ,CNN and Yahoo!this year identified several North Carolina victims.The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks.Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of businesses to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business.Meanwhile,too many corporations have made it tooeasy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.Jack Wiles,who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board,said a recent report estimated97percent of all cybercrime goes undetected.Wiles,a computer security expert,has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files."I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer,"he said."The Net is a wonderful place,but it's also a dangerous one."21.From the first paragraph,we know[A]InfraGard is a protective measure aga/nst cybercrime.[BI InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration.[C]there will be50InfraGard chapters in all states.[DJ private business and the government are now committing cybererime.22.Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT[Al academic communities.[B]public agencies.[C]FBI.[D]private industry.23.By saying"too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility"the author means[A]too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers.[B]criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.[C]it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility.[D]many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security.24.All the following are reasons for the rise in cybercrime EXCEPT[A]victims won't report intrusions by hackers.[B]vi victims have no fkewalls.[C]the use of modem is increasing.[D]companies don't pay enough attention to Security.25.It can be concluded from the passage that[A]not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation.[B]information of the victims is inaccessible.[C]InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September.[D] was once disrupted by hacking.Text2The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education releasedthis week found that a majorty of Americans feel t is important to put"a qualified,competent teacher in every classroom".Bob Chase,president of the National EducationAssociation(NEA),the main teachers'union,wasted no time in pointing out that this will require raising teachers'salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the profession and stay there.A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has more to do with how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public-school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance;instead,it is determined by a rigid formula based on experience and years of schooling,factors massively unimportant in deciding how well students do.The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection.Since the most talented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions,they have a strong incentive to leave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity.For dullards,the incentives are just the opposite.The data are striking:when test scores are used as a proxy for ability,the bright est individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture.Clever students are the least like lyto choose education as a major at university.Among students who do major in education,those with higher test scores are less likely to become teachers.And among individuals who enterteaching,those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20%real increase in teacher salaries during the1980s.It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacher quality,in largepart because schools do a poor job of.recruiting and-selecting the best teachers.Also,even if higher salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession,the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.The study also takes aim at teacher training.Every state requires that teachers be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education classes,even for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach.Inevitably, this system does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like to enter teaching at mid-career.26.Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?[A]NEA is the largest society for teachers.[B]Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.[C]Young teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.[D]The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher training.27.Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because of the following reasons EXCEPT.[A]the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.[C]the salaries were not attractive enough.[D]teachers didn't have equal opportunities.28.According to the passage,the reason for clever students' refusal to take teaching as profession is because.[A]it offers low pay.[B]they have interest in other professions.[C]it does not value productivity.[D]it uses poor recruiting strategies.29."The data are striking:when the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture"means.[A]students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.[B]students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.[C]students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.[D]students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.30.All can be concluded BUT.[A]teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.[B]the more outstanding one is,the more likely he is to choose teaching.[C]American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and years of schooling.[D]increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to teaching.Text3The Nobel prize in economics had a difficult birth.It was createdin1969to mimic thefive prizes initiated under Alfred Nobel's will. These had already been around for68years,andpurists fought hard to stop the newcomer.Some members of the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences still dismiss economics as unscientific,and its prize as not a proper Nobel.Earlywinners were among the prize's fiercest critics.Gunnar Myrdal,who shared the award in1974,said the prize ought to be abolished(but he did not return the money).Milton Friedman,winnerin1976,doubted the ability of a few people in Stockholm to make decisions respected aroundthe world.By the1990s,the Nobel committee had gained a reputation for intransigence.Gary Becker won only after a flood of nominations forced the cabal in Stockholm to act.The father of game theory won only after Mr.Nash's sudden recovery from paranoid schizophrenia,though the disease had no bearing on the quality of his work,the best of which was done beforehe became ill.Robert Lucas received a prize that many economists believed he should have hadmuch earlier.In1998,the prize became the subject of countless jokes after the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management,a hedge-fund firm whose founders included Robert Mertonand Myron Scholes,the1997 Nobel laureates.The Merton/Scholes choice also highlighted another enduring problem with the prize:untimely deaths.Fischer Black, co-originator of the options-pricing model for which MessrsMerton and Scholes were recognised,died a year too soon to join his collaborators on st year,many economists hoped that ZviGriliches,a noted econometrician who wasunquestionably deserving of the prize,and was suffering from a long illness,would win.He didnot, and died soon afterwards.Because the prize came into being so late, there is still a backlogof elderly luminaries waiting to be recognised. Paul Samuelson,one of the younger winners,and Mr Becker,who was a friend of Griliches,want the committee to take old age explicitlyinto account.The committee could also cast its net more widely across the profession.Almost ail the laureates are also theoreticians;advances in empirical work and applications in the past two decades have yet to be paid due respect,a fact bemoaned by Mr Becker.Mr Samuelson adds that the economics committee's selection methods have excessively mimicked those used for the prizes in natural sciences: "If the right apple fell on your head,and you saw it,then you got the prize.But if you had a lifetime of excellence in all branches of physics,you didn't get it."31.From the first paragraph,we learned that.[A]the Nobel prize in economics was created under Alfred Nobel's will.[B]Gunnar Myrdal was one of the Nobel prize winners in economics.[C]Milton Friedman refused to accept the prize.[D]the Nobel committee had not the ability to make decisions.32.We can learn from the text that about the winners of the Nobel prize in economics during1990s,.[A]Gary Becker won the prize after he forced the committee to act.[B]Mr Nash's illness delayed his receiving of the prize.[C]obert Lucas received the prize earlier than expected.[D]Robert Merton and Myron Scholes played jokes on the prize.33.According to the text,the author's attitude toward Nobel prize in economics is.[A]doubtful.[B]positive.[C]hostile.[DJ indifferent.34.From the third paragraph,we learn that.[A]Fisher Black did not live long enough to win the Nobel prize.[B]the Nobel committee will soon take old age into account.[C]younger people are more likely to win the prize.[D]Zvi Griliches won the prize after he died.35.In the last paragraph of the text,Mr Samuelson's attitude toward the economics committee's selection methods is.[A]critical.[B]approving.[C]angry.[D]ironic.Text4In America alone,tipping is now a$16billion-a-year industry-all the more surprising since it is a behavioural oddity.Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service,Tips,which are voluntary,above and beyond a service's contracted cost,and delivered afterwards,should not exist.So why do they?The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality.The better the service,the bigger the tip.A paper analysing data from2,547groups dining at20different restaurants shows that the correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak:only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service.Customers who rated a meal as"excellent"still tipped anywhere between8%and 37%of the meal price.Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics.In America,the custom hasbecome institutionalised:it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service.In a New Yorkrestaurant, failing to tip at least15%could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers canexpect to get15-20%,the man who delivers your groceries$2.In Europe,tipping is lesscommon;in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard servicecharge. In many Asian countries,tipping has never really caught on at all.How to account for these national differences?Look no further than psychology.According to Michael Lynn,the Cornell paper'sco-author,countries in which people are moreextrovert,sociable orneurotic tend to tip more.Tipping relieves anxiety about being served bystrangers:And,says'Mr Lynn,"in America,where people are outgoing and expressive,tippingis about social approval.If you tip badly,people think less of you.Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders,by contrast,do not usually tip-a measure of their introversion and lackof neuroses,no doubt.While such explanations may be crude,the hard truth seems to be that tipping does notwork.It does not benefit the customer.Nor,in the case of restaurants,does it actuallyincentivise the waiter,or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff.The cry ofstingy tippers that service people should"just be paid a decent wage"may actually makeeconomic sense.36.From the text we learn that Americans.[A]are willing to give tips because they love the practice.[B]like to givetips to service people to help them financially.[C]are reluctant to give tips,but they still do so.[D]are giving less and less tips.37.According to Paragraph3,we learn that.[A]tips are voluntary in America.[B]people don't tip in Europe.[C]tipping is rare in many Asian countries.[D]tipping is now popular in Iceland.38.According to Michael Lynn,.[A]nervous people do not usually tip.[B]A merican people are anxious.[C]Icelanders don't like to show off.[D]people will ignore you if you tip bakly.39.The text indicates that in America.[A]customers tip8%to37%of the meal price if a meal was "excellent".[B]a waiter can abuse a customer if he fails to tip15%.[C]the amount of tipping is standardized with different services.[D]the man who carry groceries for you can expect to get15-20%.40.According to the text,the author believes that in America.[A]the better the service,the bigger the tip.[BI tips can reward the effort of good service.[C]tips can reduce feelings of inequality.[D]tips cannot prompt better service.Part B(20%)slation shouM be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2(主观答题纸).(41)There are plenty of grim statistics about childhood in the Third World.showing thatthe journey for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world,children can suffer from adifferent kind of poverty-of the spirit.For instance,one Western country alone now sees14,000attempted suicides every year by children under15,and one child in five needsprofessional psychiatric counselling.There are many good things about childhood in the Third World.Take the close andconstant contact between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours.In the West,the very nature of work puts distance between adults and children.(42)But itl most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to do abstract work in offices,shuffling paper to make money mysteriously appear in banks.Instead.the child sees mother an(t father,relations and neighbours working nearby,and often shares in that work.A child growing up in this way learns his or her role through participating in the community's work:helping to dig or build,plant or water,tend to animals or look after babies-rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten,building with construction toys,keeping pets or playing with dolls.(43)These children may grow up with a less oppressive limitation of space and time than their Western counterparts.Set days and times are few and self-explanatory,determined mostly by the rhythm of the seasons and the different jobs they bring.(44)A child in the rich world,on the other hand.is provided with a wrist-watch as one of the earliest symbols of~owing up.so that he or she can worry,along with their parents about being late for school times,meal times clinic times,bed times,the times of TV shows……;Third World children are not usually cooped up indoors,still less in high-rise apartments.Instead of fenced-off play areas,dangerous roads,'keep off the grass'signs and'don't speak tostrangers',there is often a sense of freedom to play.(45)Parents can see theirchildren outsiderather than observe them anxiously from ten floors up.And other adults in the community canusually be counted on to be caring rather than indifferent or threatening.Of course twelve million children under five still die every year through malnutrition anddisease.But children in the Third World is not all bad.Section m Writing(30%)Teachers often consider some students as good students.What do you think good studentsare like?Describe the characteristics of good students according to your own opinion.Provideone or two examples where necessary.You may also need to use knowledge in education andpsychology to support your argument.You shouM write240-280words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET2(主观答题纸).[供报考学科教学（英语）专业考生使用][A卷]答案：e of English（10%）01.B02.D03.A04.C05.A06.C07.D08.C09.A 10.D11.B12.B13.C14.D15.A16.B17.A18.C19.A 20.CII.Reading comprehension（60%）21.A22.C23.D24.B25.A26.C27.A28.C29.C 30.B31.B32.B33.A34.A35.A36.C37.C38.C39.C 40.DPart B（20%）41.有关第三世界儿童成长的大量统计资料令人担忧。
(完整word版)2015年全国医学博士外语统一入学考试英语试题
2015 年全国医学博士外语统-入学考试英语试题1 请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按”考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。
2。
试卷一（Paper One)答案和试卷二（PaperTwo）答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。
3。
试卷一答题时必须使用28 铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑：如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。
书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。
4。
标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5。
听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15 秒左右的答题时间。
国家医学考试中心PAPERONEPart 1 : Listening comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said，The question will be read only once, After you hear the question，read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C, and D。
Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEETListen to the following example。
You will hear.Woman：1 fell faint.Man: No wonder You haven’t had a bite all day Question: What's the matter with the woman? You will read。
浙大博士英语翻译课程资料
“美国的事就是做生意。
”1925年总统卡尔文·库利吉如是说。
当美国全国商业界仔细研读五月七日由参议院金融委员会通过的全面税制改革方案的小字体印刷的细节规定附件时，他们可能感到纳闷，库利吉所指的到底是哪个国家。
这个被委员会主席──俄勒冈共和党党员鲍勃·派克伍德重新修改过的新方案一眼看上去似乎是将税务负担从个人转移到工商企业的头上。
但是该议案非常微妙，大有讲究，让人不胜意外，它使美国变成了一个会计之国：上星期几百万人伏身于袖珍计算器，算算自己是赚、是亏、还是正好持平。
1 “The business of America is business, “ declared President Calvin Coolidge in 1925. As the nation's commercial classes examine the fine print of the sweeping tax-reform bill passed May 7 by the Senate Finance Committee, they may wonder what country Coolidge was talking about. The bill remolded by Oregon Republican Bob Packwood, the committee's chairman, appears at first glance to be a major shift in tax burdens away from individuals and onto the shoulders of business. Yet the proposal is so subtle, so elegant, so freighted with surprises that it is turning America into a nation of accountants: millions of people sat hunched over their pocket calculators last week trying to figure out whether they would win, lose or break even.为了筹集足够的钱，平均减免6.3％的个人联邦税，委员会的这个议案要向公司额外征收一千亿美元税金。
考博翻译
汉译英 (二)
1.一家网上赌博公司已经开始接受全球变暖赌 1.一家网上赌博公司已经开始接受全球变暖赌 注，下注的对象包括海水能否淹没美国东 海岸的一些顶级度假胜地。 海岸的一些顶级度假胜地。 An online gambling service has started taking bets on global warming, including whether it can submerge some of the East Coast’ Coast’s top vacation spots.
汉译英 (二)
2.别去下这样的注，原因在于美国东海岸的海平面 2.别去下这样的注， 别去下这样的注 虽然在上升， 虽然在上升，科学家们却从未预测过近似于赌博 公司提供的有关海水上涨的具体高度和日期。 公司提供的有关海水上涨的具体高度和日期。 Don’ Don’t bet on it, says Phil Roehrs, a coastal engineer for the city of Virginia Beach. Roehrs said although sea levels are rising along the East Coast, scientists are not predicting anywhere near the levels and dates provided by the gambling service.
汉译英 (三)
1.安大略的大型化学品公司宣称，一名工人无意中 1.安大略的大型化学品公司宣称， 安大略的大型化学品公司宣称 错按了该公司的“停工”开关， 错按了该公司的“停工”开关，这一无心大错将 使这家大型塑料厂无法履行一些合同， 使这家大型塑料厂无法履行一些合同，由此损失 的利润将达1,100万美元 万美元。 的利润将达1,100万美元。 A worker accidentally tripping a shutoff switch at a major Ontario plastics plant will cost Nova Chemicals Corp. $11 million in lost profit, the company said, because it won’t be able to fulfill won’ some contracts because of the blunder.
2015年全国医学统考考博博士英语真题与答案
2015年全国医学统考考博博士英语真题与答案目录医学考博英语历年真题 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷 (2)2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题答案 (17)2015年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文 (19)医学考博英语历年真题2015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷Part I Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:I n this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I fell faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question number1.1. A.How to deal with his sleeping problem. B.The cause of his sleeping problem.C.What follows his insomnia.D.The severity of his medical problem.2. A.To take the medicine for a longer time. B.T o discontinue the medication.C.To come to see her again.D.To switch to other medications.3. A.To tale it easy and continue to work. B.To take a sick leave.C.To keep away from work.D.To have a follow-up.4. A.Fullness in the stomach. B.Occasional stomachache.C.Stomach distention.D.Frequent belches.5. A.extremely severe. B.Not very severe.C.More severe than expected.D.It's hard to say.6. A.He has lost some weight. B.He has gained a lot.C.He needs to exercise more.D.He is still overweight.7. A.She is giving the man an injection. B.She is listening to the man's heart.C.She is feeling the man's pulse.D.She is helping the man stop shivering.8. A.In the gym. B.In the office.C.In the clinic.D.In the boat.9. A.Diarrhea. B.Vomiting.C.Nausea.D.A cold.10. A.She has developed allergies. B.She doesn't know what allergies are.C.She doesn't have any allergies.D.She has allergies treated already.11. A.Listen to music. B.Read magazines.C.Go play tennis.D.Stay in the house.12. A.She isn't feeling well. B.She is under pressure.C.She doesn't like the weatherD.She is feeling relieved.13. A.Michael's wife was ill B.Michael's daughter was ill.C.Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.D.Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.14. A.She is absent-minded. B.She is in high spirits.C.She is indifferent.D.She is compassionate.15. A.Ten years ago. B.Five years ago.C.Fifteen years ago.D.Several weeks ago.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages'after each of which,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16. A.A blood test. B.A gastroscopy.C.A chest X-ray exam.D.A barium X-ray test.17. A.To lose some weight. B.To take a few more tests.C.To sleep on three pillows.D.To eat smaller,lighter meals.18. A.Potato chips. B.Chicken. C.Cereal. D.fish.19. A.Ulcer B.Cancer C.Depression. D.Hernia.20. A.He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B.He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C.He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D.He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.Passage One21. A.A new concept of diabetes.B.The definition of Type1and Type2diabetes.C.The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D.The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.22. A.Because it vaporizes easily.B.Because it becomes overactive easily.C.Because it is usually in injection form.D.Because it is not stable above40degrees Fahrenheit.23. A.The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longer.B.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C.Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D.Insulin can be produced naturally.24. A.It is stable at room temperature for several years.B.It is administered directly into the bloodstream。
2015年医学考博英语听力原文
2015全国医学博士英语听力原文Section AQuestion1M:What about the problem that I’ve been having in sleeping?sleep. W:I’ｍgoing to give you a prescription of some medicine to help you get a better tonight’ｓQ:What does the man want to know?Question2M:How long should I take them?like you come W:The prescription is for30days.If you’re still feeling depressed after30days,I’ｄback in.Q:What does the women advise the man to do if this problem continues?Question3W:Doe,should I stay away from work?necessary.Just remember to stay calm.M:No,I don’ｔthink that’ｓQ:What does the man tell the women to do?Question4M:How long have you been having this problem?W:It started in June,so far more than5months now.My stomach hurts after some meals but not always.Q:What does the woman complain of?Question5M:How strong is the pain exactly?On a scale of1-10,how would you describe the intensity of the pain?not really bad.It just keeps say the pain is about a2on a scale of1-10.Like I say,it’ｓW:Well,I’ｄcoming back.Q:How severe in the pain?Question6s eem to be overweight.W:You don’ｔM:No,not really.If I run up a fight of stairs,it takes me a while to get my breath back.I need to work out more.Q:What does the man mean?Question7cold!M:Ooh,that’ｓW:Don’ｔw orry,it’ｓjust my stethoscope.Q:What is the woman doing?Question8M:OK,everything looks ship-shape.W:Great!When should I come again for a physical?Q:Where did this conversation probably take place?Question9M:I’ｍso sick in my stomach!W:That’ｓtoo bad.Have you been to the toilet?Any diarrhea or vomiting?M:I’ve been to the toilet twice.But no diarrhea or vomiting.Perhaps I should drink something. CanI have a cup of hot tea?Q:What is the man suffering from?Question10M:How about allergies?W:Not that I’ｍaware of.Q:What does the woman mean?Question11M:Louise,what are you doing now?W:Oh,just listening to music,looking through magazines.go play tennis.M:Staying in the house on a nice day like this?Come on,let’ｓW:Oh great!Youmade my day.Q:What is the woman doing to do?Question12M:Are you having any problems like weakness,fatigue,or headaches?W:Well,I certainly felt under the weather.Q:What does the woman mean?Question13M:I saw Micheal with his wife this morning in the obstetrics and gynecology department.Is his wife ill?W:No,she called me just now.Guess what?Their daughter has just had twins.And they were there for her.Q:What can we learn from the conversation?Question14an extra blanket.Let me tuck you in.W:Here’ｓM:You’re so sweet.What’ｓy our name?W:My name is Alice.I’ll be on shift during the day for the next few days.Q:What can be said of the woman?Question15like to ask you about any illnesses you’ve had in the past.Could you tell me about M:Now,I’ｄthis?W:Let me think...I had my appendix out when I was15.And I had a chest infection when I was onall.holiday in the USA5years ago.That’ｓM:Could you tell me if you’ve had any accidents or injured yourself at any time?W:Well yes.I slipped on the ice and broken my neck10years ago.Actually I was in hospital then forgotten that.for several weeks.I’ｄQ:When does the woman have a bone fracture?Section BDialogueW:Well,your barium meal did not show an ulcer.But it did show that you have something we call a hiatus hernia.Do you know what that is?much of a clue,really.M:I think my grandmother had once.But I haven’ｔW:Now I’ｍgoing to explain how we can try to get rid of your stomach and heartburn problems.I think it would help if you were able to lose a bit of weight.You’ll be less likely to get the pain if you can eat smaller,lighter meals regularly.Standing upright after eating for a while helps so that your stomach is less likely to come up to your gullet than when you lie stly,I’ｍgoing to give you some tablets that will stop your stomach from producing acid.Perhaps you could tell me what you feel about it?M:Well,I worry that it might be difficult to eat the meals you suggest,because I’ｍa lorry driver and have to be on the road most of the day.And I’ｍnot sure if I want to take those tablets.W:Yes,I understand you might have some problems with the diet I’ｍsuggesting,especially as roadside cafes usually sell meals with greasy food.However,perhaps you could keep to fish and chicken,and avoid chips and fried eggs.Yousay you are not keen on taking tablets,why not?M:A friend of mine had them,and then got worse.And six weeks later they found he had stomach cancer.W:I see,so you were worried about having cancer?M:Well,I was a bit.I suppose if my X-ray only showed a hernia,I must be clear.But are there other tests you can do to be absolutely sure?necessary to do them at present.We’llwant to see how W:Yes,there are.But I don’ｔt hink it’ｓyou get on over the next few weeks with a change of diet.What about the tablets I suggested?Icancers.don’ｔpossible that they cause your friend’ｓthink it’ｓrather try changing my diet first of all.Then taking the medicine you prescribed for M:I think I’ｄme last time.try it that for the next four weeks.Then I’ll see you again.W:Let’ｓ16:What medical procedure has the man undergone?suggestion to the man?17:Which of the following is NOTamong the doctor’ｓadvice,which of the following foods should the man avoid?18:According to the doctor’ｓdiagnosis of the man?19:What is the doctor’ｓ20:What will the man do for the next4weeks?Passage1A team of Australian chemistry students have strengthen the chemical bonds of insulin to make it stable even at warm temperatures-a breakthrough that could simplify diabetesmanagement.The finding could shed lights on how insulin works and eventually lead to insulin pills,rather than injections or pumps.made of weak chemical bonds that degrade at Insulin needs to be kept cold because it’ｓtemperatures of above40degrees Fahrenheit,making it inactive.But using a series of chemical reactions,the research team,comprised of students from Monash University in Australia, replaced the unstable bonds with stronger,carbon-based ones.two protein chains without interfering with its The stronger bonds stabilize the insulin’ｓinsulin natural activity,according to a story about the findings at SciGuru.The so-called“dicarba”were stable at room temperature for several years,SciGuru says.Even more promising is that the findings provide insight into how insulin works.the People with Type1and Type2diabetes do not produce enough insulin,whether it’ｓresult of an auto-immune disorder that stopped producing it entirely(Type1)or a condition brought on by other factors like obesity,in which the body can no longer use it properly(Type2). Insulin in the mechanism that delivers glucose from the blood to the cells,so diabetics must takea synthetic form of the hormone.When insulin unlocks cells to allow sugar to be taken up from the blood,the hormone’ｓshape changes-but no one is sure what the shape looks like.If researchers knew that shape, they could design smaller,less-complex version of insulin that don’ｔuse proteins.Then it could be administered in pill form rather than directly into the bloodstream.chemical bonds is a step towards unlocking that shape,the Understanding the molecule’ｓresearchers say.21:What is the mean idea of the talk?22:Why does insulin need to be kept cold according to the talk?23:What makes the research more promising?24:What is true about the new type of insulin?25:What is unknown to the scientists,according to the talk?Passage2Brain wave scanners might make it possible to communicate with people who are considered brain-dead,according to a new study reported in the Economist.A couple of recent studies have shown that a small minority of vegetative patients might beCognition more aware than they seen.Now,Damien Crosse,with the Medical Research Council’ｓand Brain SciencesUnit in Cambridge,UK,thinks EEGmachines will be able to help these patients communicate.The team asked6healthy volunteers to wear(a electroencephalography)EEGdevices,whichhead.They were asked to respond to audible tone by imagining connect electrodes to a person’ｓthat they were squeezing their right hands or wiggling the toes of both feet.The researchersbrain responses were clearly different-the hand-squeezing activated found that the volunteer’ｓthe left-hand side of the brain,and the toe wiggling produced a response in the center of the brain.Then they tested the procedure on a patient with locked-in syndrome,who was almost completely paralyzed but retained some control of his eye movements.His brain responses were the same.Finally,they tested the procedure on a patient who had been declared vegetative2 years earlier.They watched the EEG signals and were able to deduce which movement thepatient was imaging.The same team has studied23vegetative patients over4years and found4patients were able to consistently respond to yes-or-no questions by changing their brain activity.They were asked to imagine playing tennis when they wanted to give one response or waking around the house when they wanted to give the other.Since the patients were responsive,they’re not technically vegetative,the researcher says. Proof that they can communicate that they’re not brain dead would have major implications fordecisions about their care.family members’and doctors’26:What does this talk mainly tell us?27:For the6healthy volunteers,which part of the brain did the hand-squeezing imagination activate?28:Of the23vegetative patients,how many were found to be able to consistently respond to yes-or-no questions?29:What can we learn from the study on the patient declared vegetative2years earlier?30:When EEGsignals indicate that a vegetative patient is responsive,which of the following is NOT true?。
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One in four Britons would not trust their neighbour to take delivery of a parcel and 10 per cent suspect them of having stolen post in the past, a survey has found. 一项调查发现，四分之一的英国人表示不会嘱托自己的邻居代领包裹，甚至有10%的英国人怀疑他们的邻居之前偷拿过他们的包裹。
More than two thirds (68 per cent) wouldn't trust them with their keys, and more than one in 10 (11 per cent) actually suspect them of having pinched a parcel in the past.超过68%的人表示不放心将钥匙交给邻居保管，还有11%以上的人怀疑邻居曾偷拿他们的包裹。
An independent study of 2,000 shows that barely half of people know who their neighbours are.一项针对2000名受访者的独立调查显示，仅有一半受访者认识自己的邻居。
A majority would never ask their neighbours to look after the likes of keys (68 per cent), pets (89 per cent), relatives (94 per cent) or homes (56 per cent) while they were out and even taking in parcels is taking trust too far for more than a third of us (35 per cent), according to research for InPost UK,据英国InPost调查，大多数人外出前从不会让他们的邻居帮忙保管钥匙（68%）、照看宠物（89%）或亲戚（94%）以及看管房子（56%），甚至超过三分之一（35%）的人从不拜托邻居代领包裹。
One in ten (11 per cent) have had parcels taken by a neighbour or from right outside their house.仅有十分之一的人嘱托邻居或住在旁边的人代领过包裹。
When it comes to deliveries, almost a quarter (26 per cent) have gone into work late or have left early to wait in for a parcel, while 6 per cent have simply called in sick.快递送上家门时，将近26%的人为了等包裹，会选择晚点上班或是早退。
甚至还有6%的人为了取包裹打电话请病假。
Yet Britons have still missed an average of three parcels in the last twelve months alone – with 10 per cent missing Christmas gift deliveries.尽管如此，在过去的十二个月里，英国平均每月仍丢失三个包裹，其中有10%为圣诞礼物。
This is a problem exacerbated by the fact that almost a third (30 per cent) of people claim they've spent more than 20 minutes queuing in the Post Office the week before Christmas, effectively resulting in at least 2,640,000 hours cumulatively wasted across the UK waiting to pick up or send a parcel.几乎三分之一的人都在抱怨圣诞节前一个礼拜要在邮局排20多分钟的队取包裹或寄包裹，且这一问题越来越严重。
把这些时间全部加起来，英国人至少要在这上面浪费264万个小时。
As a result, shoppers are looking for more convenience this Christmas.因此，购物者们希望今年的圣诞节能找到一些寄送物品的便利途径。
While 83 per cent will still get gifts sent to their home, one in five (19 per cent) will have parcels delivered to their office and 33 per cent will click and collect in store or from a nearby shop.然而，依旧有83%的人选择将礼物寄到家里，19%的人选择将礼物寄到办公室，还有33%的人选择网上下单然后到门店或是附近的商店自提。
In addition, almost two thirds of online shoppers (64 per cent) are considering using parcel lockers because they provide a local 24/7 service.除此之外，将近64%的网上购物者会考虑使用全天候的包裹箱服务。
Jonathan Smith, Chairman at InPost UK, said: "It's surprising that people don't trust those closest to them to help them out and to see that missed deliveries are still such an issue, especially as we head into the season of goodwill and the peak shopping period."英国InPost董事长乔纳森•史密斯（Jonathan Smith）表示，人们不信任自己的邻居，也不愿让他们帮忙，这着实令人惊讶。
除此之外，包裹丢失始终是一个令人头疼的问题，尤其是我们即将迎来传递良好祝愿的节日和狂热的购物季。
One in four Britons would not trust their neighbour to take delivery of a parcel and 10 per cent suspect them of having stolen post in the past, a survey has found.More than two thirds (68 per cent) wouldn't trust them with their keys, and more than one in 10 (11 per cent) actually suspect them of having pinched a parcel in the past.An independent study of 2,000 shows that barely half of people know who their neighbours are.A majority would never ask their neighbours to look after the likes of keys (68 per cent), pets (89 per cent), relatives (94 per cent) or homes (56 per cent) while they were out and even taking in parcels is taking trust too far for more than a third of us (35 per cent), according to research for InPost UK,One in ten (11 per cent) have had parcels taken by a neighbour or from right outside their house.When it comes to deliveries, almost a quarter (26 per cent) have gone into work late or have left early to wait in for a parcel, while 6 per cent have simply called in sick.Yet Britons have still missed an average of three parcels in the last twelve months alone –with 10 per cent missing Christmas gift deliveries.This is a problem exacerbated by the fact that almost a third (30 per cent) of people claim they've spent more than 20 minutes queuing in the Post Office the week before Christmas, effectively resulting in at least 2,640,000 hours cumulatively wasted across the UK waiting to pick up or send a parcel.As a result, shoppers are looking for more convenience this Christmas.While 83 per cent will still get gifts sent to their home, one in five (19 per cent) will have parcels delivered to their office and 33 per cent will click and collect in store or from a nearby shop.In addition, almost two thirds of online shoppers (64 per cent) are considering using parcel lockers because they provide a local 24/7 service.。