【市级联考】上海市浦东新区2017--2018学年高一第一学期期末质量测试数学试题-

绝密★启用前【市级联考】上海市浦东新区2017--2018学年高一第一学期期末质量测试数学试题试卷副标题注意事项： 1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题) 请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明一、单选题 1．下列四组函数中，表示为同一函数的是（） A ． B ．与 C ． D ． 2．“ ”是“ ”的（） A ．充分非必要条件 B ．必要非充分条件 C ．充分必要条件 D ．既非充分又非必要条件 3．下列函数在其定义域上，既是奇函数又是减函数的是（） A ． B ． C ． D ． 4．函数2()223x f x x =+-的零点个数为（） A ．0 B ．1 C ．2 D ．无数第II卷（非选择题)请点击修改第II卷的文字说明二、填空题5．函数的定义域是___________.6．不等式的解集为______．7．已知指数函数（且）的图像过点，则实数___________. 8．设集合、，若，则实数＝___________.9．某班共30人，其中有15人喜爱篮球运动，有10人喜爱兵乓球运动，有3人对篮球和兵乓球两种运动都喜爱，则该班对篮球和乒乓球运动都不喜爱的人数有___________. 10．已知，，则___________.11．已知二次函数axxy22+=在区间[4,)+∞上是增函数，则实数a的范围是___________.12．R，则常数k的取值范围是______________。

13．函数（）的值域是___________.14．函数()，若，则的值为___________. 15．已知是定义在上的奇函数，当时，则当时___________.16．关于x的方程在上有两个不同的实数根，则实数a的取值范围是___________.三、解答题17．解不等式组260;|2| 4.x xx⎧--≥⎨-<⎩18．已知全集U R=，设集合[)1,A=-+∞，集合A B A⋂=，求实数a的取值范围.19．已知幂函数（）在是单调减函数，且为偶函数.（1）求的解析式；…○…………装…………○学校:___________姓名：___________班…○…………装…………○（2）讨论的奇偶性，并说明理由. 20．心理学家通过研究学生的学习行为发现；学生的接受能力与老师引入概念和描述问题所用的时间相关，教学开始时，学生的兴趣激增，学生的兴趣保持一段较理想的状态，随后学生的注意力开始分散，分析结果和实验表明，用()f x 表示学生掌握和接受概念的能力, x 表示讲授概念的时间(单位:min)，可有以下的关系: ()f x ()()()20.1 2.643010,{591016, 31071630.x x x x x x -++<≤=<≤-+<≤ （1）开讲后第5min 与开讲后第20min 比较,学生的接受能力何时更强一些? （2）开讲后多少min 学生的接受能力最强?能维持多少时间? （3）若一个新数学概念需要55以上（包括55）的接受能力以及13min 时间,那么老师能否在学生一直达到所需接受能力的状态下讲授完这个概念? 21．已知 ,函数 . （1）当时，画出函数的大致图像；（2）当时，根据图像写出函数的单调减区间，并用定义证明你的结论；（3）试讨论关于x 的方程解的个数.参考答案1．A【解析】【分析】根据函数的定义域、对应法则和值域，对四个选项逐一进行判断，从而得出正确选项.【详解】对于选项，由于，故为相同的函数.对于选项，的定义域为，的定义域为，故两个函数不相等.对于选项，的定义域为，的定义域为，故两个函数不相等.对于选项，由求得的定义域为，由求得的定义域为或，故两个函数不相等.综上所述，选A.【点睛】本小题主要考查两个函数相等的概念，两个函数相等，必须定义域、值域和对应法则都相等. 2．B【解析】【分析】先求得的解集，再根据充分必要条件的概念来得出正确选项.【详解】由，得，解得.包含，故应选必要不充分条件.【点睛】本小题主要考查一元二次不等式的解法，考查充要条件的判断，属于基础题.充要条件的判断方法是将两个条件进行互推，然后根据能否推出来得出结论.另一种方法是根据两者之间的包含关系来得出：大范围是小范围的必要不充分条件，小范围是大范围的充分不必要条件. 3．C【解析】【分析】先利用函数为奇函数对选项进行第一轮排除，再利用函数在定义域上为减函数进行排除，由此得出正确选项.【详解】对于A选项，由于函数的定义域为，所以函数是非奇非偶函数，排除.对于B选项，函数不是在定义域上递减，而是在定义域的每个区间上递减，排除.对于D 选项，函数为递增函数，排除.C 选项即是定义域上的奇函数，又是减函数，符合题意，故选C.【点睛】本小题主要考查函数的奇偶性以及函数的单调性.属于基础题.奇偶函数的定义域必须关于原点对称.4．C【解析】试题分析：原题等价于“函数3221+-=x y 与函数x y 22=的图像交点个数为”在同一坐标系中作出两函数图像可知选C.考点：函数的零点.5．【解析】【分析】根据偶次方根被开方数为非负数，列出不等式，解不等式求得函数的定义域.【详解】由于偶次方根被开方数为非负数，故，解得，故函数的定义域为 .【点睛】本小题主要考查函数的定义域的求法.属于基础题.函数的定义域主要由以下方面考虑来求解：一个是分数的分母不能为零，二个是偶次方根的被开方数为非负数，第三是对数的真数要大于零，第四个是零次方的底数不能为零. 对于含有多个以上情况的解析式，要求它们的交集来得到最终的结果.6．（－2,1）【解析】．点睛：解分式不等式的方法是：移项，通分化不等式为，再转化为整式不等式，然后利用二次不等式或高次不等式的结论求解．7．【解析】【分析】将点的坐标代入指数函数，解方程求得的值.【详解】将点代入指数函数得，，解得（负根舍去）.【点睛】本小题主要考查指数函数的解析式的求法，考查指数的运算，属于基础题.8．【解析】【分析】根据真子集的知识，分别令和，解得的值后利用集合元素的互异性来排除错误的值，由此得出实数的值.【详解】由于集合是集合的子集，令时，或，当时集合中有两个，不符合题意，故舍去.当时，符合题意.令，解得，根据上面的分析，不符合题意.综上所述，故实数.【点睛】本小题主要考查真子集的概念，考查集合元素的互异性，属于基础题.9．12【解析】试题分析：设两者都喜欢的人数为x人，则只喜爱篮球的有（15-x）人，只喜爱乒乓球的有（10-x）人，由此可得（15-x）+（10-x）+x+8=30，解得x=3，所以15-x=12，即所求人数为12人，故答案为：12．考点：交、并、补集的混合运算.10．【解析】【分析】分别求得函数和的定义域，取它们的交集，然后将两个函数相乘，化简后求得相应的解析式.【详解】对于函数，由解得；对于函数，同样由解得；故函数的定义域为，且 .【点睛】本小题主要考查函数的定义域的求法，考查两个函数相乘后的解析式的求解方法.属于基础题.11．4-≥a【解析】试题分析：由于二次函数ax x y 22+=的单调递增区间为),[+∞-a ，则,4≤-a 得4-≥a . 考点：二次函数的单调性.12．[)0,4【解析】因为函数的定义域为R ，所以不等式210kx kx ++>恒成立。

当0k =时，不等式变为1>0,显然恒成立，所以0k =符合题意；当0k ≠时， 20{ 40k k k >∆=-< ，解得04k <<。

所以04k ≤<。

所以k 的取值范围是[)0,4。

【点睛】求函数的定义域，应使得函数解析式有意义。

分母中根式的被开放式大于0，转化成不等式恒成立，二次项系数为字母，讨论是否为零，不为零时，结合二次函数图像来解。

注意三个二次之间的关系。

13．【解析】【分析】将函数化简后，利用函数的单调性求得函数的值域.【详解】函数，下面求函数在的单调性.设，，其中 .当时，故，函数递减.当时，，故，函数递增.所以函数在处取得最小值 .所以函数的值域为 .【点睛】本小题主要考查函数的值域，考查利用定义法求函数的单调区间，属于基础题.用定义法求函数的单调区间的方法如下：首先在定义域内任取两个，且，然后计算的值，如果，则函数在这个区间上为减函数；如果，则函数在这个区间上为增函数.14．【解析】【分析】利用列方程，并化简，然后化简的表达式，进而计算出它的值.【详解】依题意，所以，而.【点睛】本小题主要考查求函数值的计算，考查运算求解能力，考查观察能力，属于基础题.15．【解析】【分析】当时，利用及求得函数的解析式.【详解】当时，，由于函数是奇函数，故.【点睛】本小题主要考查已知函数的奇偶性以及轴一侧的解析式，求另一侧的解析式，属于基础题. 16．【解析】【分析】令，两原方程转化为一元二次方程，根据方程根的个数列不等式，从而求得实数的取值范围.【详解】令则原方程化为，这个方程在的范围内有两个不同的实数根.故对称轴要大于，判别式要大于零，且将代入方程的左边所得的值应为非负数，即解得 .【点睛】本小题主要考查指数函数二次函数结合一起的复合函数对应方程的根的分布问题，属于中档题.17．63<≤x .【解析】试题分析：本题是一到解不等式组的基础题，先求一元二次不等式的解23-≤≥或x ，再求绝对值不等式的解62<<-x ，再求它们的交集. 试题解析：解不等式062≥--x x 得23-≤≥或x 4分得62<<-x 7分所以不等式的解为63<≤x 8分.考点：不等式得解法.18．1a <-. 【解析】试题分析：先解方程()()()2444x a x a x x a +--=+-，的x=a,-4将a,与-4比较进行讨论，再利用A B A ⋂=得A B ⊆进行求解. 试题解析：因为[)1,A =-+∞，又因为()()()2444x a x a x x a +--=+- 当4a =-时()(),44,B =-∞-⋃-+∞满足A B ⊆，此时4a =- 当4a >-时()(),4,B a =-∞-⋃+∞若A B ⊆，则41a -<<- 当4a <-时()(),4,B a =-∞⋃-+∞，满足A B ⊆，此时4a <- 综合以上得：实数a 的取值范围,所以1a <- .考点：1.一元二次不等式的解法；2.集合的运算.19．（1）；（2）答案见解析。

【解析】【分析】（1）根据幂函数的性质，幂函数在（0，+∞）是单调减函数，且为偶函数，得幂指数小于0，再由m ∈z 可求m 的值；（2）由（I ）知F （x ）=a• +（a ﹣2）x ，分a=0，a=2，a ≠0且a ≠2三种情况利用定义分别判断函数的奇偶性．【详解】(1)由于幂函数f (x )＝x －－在(0，＋∞)上单调递减，所以m 2－2m －3<0，求得－1<m <3，因为m ∈Z，所以m ＝0,1,2.因为f (x )是偶函数，所以m ＝1，故f (x )＝ .(2)F (x )＝af (x )＋(a －2)x 5·f (x )＝a · ＋(a －2)x .当a ＝0时，F (x )＝－2x ，对于任意的x ∈(－∞，0)∪(0，＋∞)都有F (x )＝－F (－x )，所以F (x )＝－2x 是奇函数；当a ＝2时，，对于任意的x ∈(－∞，0)∪(0，＋∞)都有F (x )＝F (－x )，所以是偶函数；当a ≠0且a ≠2时，F (1)＝2a －2，F (－1)＝2，因为F (1)≠F (－1)，F (1)≠－F (－1)，所以是非奇非偶函数．【点睛】本题考查了幂函数的性质，考查了函数奇偶性的判定，数列掌握幂函数的性质是解题的关键．20．（1）开讲后第5min 比开讲后第20min ，学生接受能力强一些.；（2）6min; （3）详见解析.【解析】试题分析：第一步已知自变量值求函数值，比较后给出答案；第二步是二次函数求最值问题；第三步试题解析：（1）()553.5f =， ()2047f =，则()()520f f > ∴开讲后第5min 比开讲后第20min ，学生的接受能力更强一些. ]（2）当01x <≤时， ()()20.11359.9f x x =-⨯-+()()max 101059x f x f ∴===当时，，当16x >时， ()31610959f x <-⨯+= ∴开讲后10min （包括10分钟）学生的接受能力最强，能维持6 min.（3）由20.1 2.643(010){59(1016) 3107(1630).x x x x x x -++<≤=<≤-+<≤ 当时，，得610x <≤；当时，，得116173x <≤ 持续时间()11110661764611113333t ⎛⎫∴=-++-=++=< ⎪⎝⎭ 答：老师不能在学生一直达到所需接受能力的状态下讲授完这个概念.考点：1.求函数值；2.配方法求二次函数的最值；3.分段函数解不等式.21．详见解析【解析】【分析】（1）当时，将函数化为，由此画出函数的图像.（2）根据（1）的图像写出函数的单调减区间，利用单调性的定义，通过计算，证得函数单调性.（3），由于，故函数图像与（1）中的图像类似.将方程解的个数问题转化为与图像的交点个数来解.将分成五种情况，讨论两个函数交点的个数.【详解】（1）如图所示（2）单调递减区间：证明：设任意的且因为且，所以且于是，即所以函数在上是单调递减函数(3) 由题意知方程的解得个数等价于函数的图像与直线的交点个数.即函数的图象与直线的交点个数又，注意到，当且仅当时，上式等号成立，借助图像知所以，当时，函数的图像与直线有1个交点；当，时，函数的图像与直线有2个交点；当，时，函数的图像与直线有3个交点；【点睛】本小题主要考查含有绝对值函数的图像与性质，考查函数的零点问题的解决策略，属于中档题.。

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上海市浦东新区区2017-2018学年度高三第一学期期末质量监控英语试卷

上海市浦东新区区2017-2018学年度高三第一学期期末质量监控英语试卷第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分）Section A – Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400.C. $250.D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solve a problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in the class.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor.C. A news reporter.D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive.C. Pleasant.D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. Volumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at the next stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away. B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parking the car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.C. He failed to get to the airport.D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire. B. The plane encountered a strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captain to do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrong suitcase.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D. For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with children around.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneu（r创业者）. She won the2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence,21recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitementinternationally 22 their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype（原型）for a flashlight 23 （power） by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski’s goal was 24 （o ffer）a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school 25 she couldn’t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,”Makosinski explained.“I’ve always been interested in doing science projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side 26 （heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED lightfor 20 minutes, 27 （use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators?“S tart now. There 28 be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high school think‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’ 29 may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do 30 you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31 is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was foundto be the most 32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 a nd affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are notjust a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a rangeof exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.facial They found that when a human was not watching the animal,they39 expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were 40 . “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”she said.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension（45 分）Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers.I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being 41 with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one.I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but 42 all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the43 I had made, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation( 烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more44 than the whistle gave me pleasure.45 , this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so that often, when I was 46 to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too muchfor the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and 47 the actionsof men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who 48 every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship,___49__gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.”When I met a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but_____devoted himself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing51 for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I saw someone fond of 52 who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all above his 53 , and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,” said I, “he has paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” 54 , the miseries of mankind are largely due to their puffing a(n) 55 value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41. A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42. A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43. A. trouble B. attempt C. choice D. bargain44. A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46. A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47. A. took B. observed C. admired D. followed48. A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49. A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50. A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively51. A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustration D. pain52. A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53. A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54. A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55. A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extraSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder ”in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C.The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider, including: target audiencebrand namessloganspictures and colourspecial offers/couponsemotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age, sex, social class and interests. They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotype them.Who do you think these products would be aimed at: nappies, diamonds, mint chocolates, sports cars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people: teenagers, 25-year-old single men, 40-year-old working mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values or interests and are intended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar to premium and premier.Ford Ka: the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity. It is modern and futuristic. It is also bound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable. Slogans use a range of devices: alliteration, repetition, puns, questions, personal pronouns and humour.Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. RepetitionThe totally tropical taste. AlliterationPicture and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased, even photographs. They create aview of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour.Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow: freshness, sunlight, lemons. This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid. Green: countryside, natural, healthy. What would you use this colour for ?What do you associate these colours with: red, black, orange, gold, blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertisers often appear to offer something for nothing’: if you buy one product you will receive another one free or half price. These offers are incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyalty to an existing one.Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal to your emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60. What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A. Green.B. Red.C. Orange.D. Yellow.61. Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A. Mosquito Bye Bye Bye.（RADAR）B. We do, we said.（HENNESSY）C. M&Ms melt in your mouth（M&Ms）D. Start ahead.（RLJOICE）62. According to the passage, to reta.n the regular customers, advertising companies tend to.A. impress them with colorful picturesB. use promotional strategiesC. change slogans frequentlyD. create eye-catching brand names（C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all agedbetween five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts betweenteeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teethscored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and allected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D.Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.A. Reality has begun to catch up with the imagination of the film’s writer.B. Nanotechnology is one of the most exciting fields of research in the world today.C.When this becomes possible, great changes will take place in numerous fields.D. Small as they are, large quantities of them can make a difference and work wonders.E.Nanotechnology is also responsible for tremendous advances in many other fields.F. They carry medicine with them as they travel though the body, seeking our cancer cells.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the“science fact”o f today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic V oyag（e《神奇旅程》）. In the film, a man with very important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimental miniaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into the man’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.67Over the past several decades, the science of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already being used to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as“quanturn dots（量子点）”，whose diametersare one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. 68 Upon finding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso that doctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.69 We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired of having to charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don’t need to. Scientists are working on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for your devices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind of manufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you can turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms. 70 .Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.Ⅳ. Surmmary Writing（10 分）Directions：R ead the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）第Ⅱ卷Ⅴ. Translation（15 分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。

2017-2018学年上海市浦东新区高一第一学期期末质量测试数学试题(解析版)

2017-2018学年上海市浦东新区高一第一学期期末质量测试数学试题一、单选题1．下列四组函数中，表示为同一函数的是（）A．B．与C．D．【答案】A【解析】根据函数的定义域、对应法则和值域，对四个选项逐一进行判断，从而得出正确选项.【详解】对于选项，由于，故为相同的函数.对于选项，的定义域为，的定义域为，故两个函数不相等.对于选项，的定义域为，的定义域为，故两个函数不相等.对于选项，由求得的定义域为，由求得的定义域为，故两个函数不相等.综上所述，选A.【点睛】本小题主要考查两个函数相等的概念，两个函数相等，必须定义域、值域和对应法则都相等.2．“”是“”的（）A．充分非必要条件B．必要非充分条件C．充分必要条件D．既非充分又非必要条件【答案】B【解析】先求得的解集，再根据充分必要条件的概念来得出正确选项.【详解】由，得，解得.包含，故应选必要不充分条件.【点睛】本小题主要考查一元二次不等式的解法，考查充要条件的判断，属于基础题.充要条件的判断方法是将两个条件进行互推，然后根据能否推出来得出结论.另一种方法是根据两者之间的包含关系来得出：大范围是小范围的必要不充分条件，小范围是大范围的充分不必要条件.3．下列函数在其定义域上，既是奇函数又是减函数的是（）A ．B ．C ．D ．【答案】C【解析】先利用函数为奇函数对选项进行第一轮排除，再利用函数在定义域上为减函数进行排除，由此得出正确选项. 【详解】对于A 选项，由于函数的定义域为，所以函数是非奇非偶函数，排除.对于B 选项，函数不是在定义域上递减，而是在定义域的每个区间上递减，排除.对于D 选项，函数为递增函数，排除.C 选项即是定义域上的奇函数，又是减函数，符合题意，故选C. 【点睛】本小题主要考查函数的奇偶性以及函数的单调性.属于基础题.奇偶函数的定义域必须关于原点对称.4．函数2()223xf x x =+-的零点个数为（） A ．0 B ．1 C ．2 D ．无数【答案】C【解析】试题分析：原题等价于“函数3221+-=x y 与函数xy 22=的图像交点个数为”在同一坐标系中作出两函数图像可知选C. 【考点】函数的零点.二、填空题 5．函数的定义域是___________.【答案】【解析】根据偶次方根被开方数为非负数列不等式，解不等式求得函数的定义域.【详解】由于偶次方根被开方数为非负数，故，解得，故函数的定义域为.【点睛】本小题主要考查函数的定义域的求法.属于基础题.函数的定义域主要由以下方面考虑来求解：一个是分数的分母不能为零，二个是偶次方根的被开方数为非负数，第三是对数的真数要大于零，第四个是零次方的底数不能为零. 对于含有多个以上情况的解析式，要求它们的交集来得到最终的结果.6．不等式的解集为______．【答案】（－2,1）【解析】．点睛：解分式不等式的方法是：移项，通分化不等式为，再转化为整式不等式，然后利用二次不等式或高次不等式的结论求解．7．已知指数函数（且）的图像过点，则实数___________.【答案】【解析】将点的坐标代入指数函数，解方程求得的值.【详解】将点代入指数函数得，，解得（负根舍去）.【点睛】本小题主要考查指数函数的解析式的求法，考查指数的运算，属于基础题.8．设集合、，若，则实数＝___________.【答案】【解析】根据真子集的知识，分别令和，解得的值后利用集合元素的互异性来排除错误的值，由此得出实数的值.【详解】由于集合是集合的子集，令时，或，当时集合中有两个，不符合题意，故舍去.当时，符合题意.令，解得，根据上面的分析，不符合题意.综上所述，故实数.【点睛】本小题主要考查真子集的概念，考查集合元素的互异性，属于基础题.9．某班共30人，其中有15人喜爱篮球运动，有10人喜爱兵乓球运动，有3人对篮球和兵乓球两种运动都喜爱，则该班对篮球和乒乓球运动都不喜爱的人数有___________. 【答案】12【解析】试题分析：设两者都喜欢的人数为x 人，则只喜爱篮球的有（15-x ）人，只喜爱乒乓球的有（10-x ）人，由此可得（15-x ）+（10-x ）+x+8=30，解得x=3，所以15-x=12，即所求人数为12人，故答案为：12．【考点】交、并、补集的混合运算. 10．已知，，则___________.【答案】【解析】分别求得函数和的定义域，取它们的交集，然后将两个函数相乘，化简后求得相应的解析式. 【详解】对于函数，由解得；对于函数，同样由解得；故函数的定义域为，且.【点睛】本小题主要考查函数的定义域的求法，考查两个函数相乘后的解析式的求解方法.属于基础题.11．已知二次函数ax x y 22+=在区间[4,)+∞上是增函数，则实数a 的范围是___________. 【答案】4-≥a【解析】试题分析：由于二次函数ax x y 22+=的单调递增区间为),[+∞-a ，则,4≤-a 得4-≥a .【考点】二次函数的单调性.12．函数()f x =R ，则常数k 的取值范围是______________。

上海市浦东新区2017-2018学年高一上学期期末英语试题及答案解析

上海市浦东新区2017-2018学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷（选择题）一、完形填空How many of you drink Cola? Nearly everybody. Did you know that cola started out not as a soft drink but as a cur e for headache back in the late 1800’s? John S. Pamberton, a druggist from Atlanta, had experimented for many months trying to find a 1 for the common headache. He worked in his backyard, mixing and heating different mixtures of oils and flavors （香料） 2 he found one that seemed to work well. Pamberton bottled the mixture and began selling it in drugstores as a concentrated（浓缩的）syrup（糖浆）that the customer had to 3 with water before drinking. The invention of Cola came about quite by accident. One day, a customer came into a drugstore complaining of a headache and 4 a bottle of cola syrup. He wanted to take it 5 . So he asked the clerk to mix the medicine while he waited. The clerk, 6 walking to the other end of the counter to get plain water, 7 mixing the syrup with soda water. The customer agreed, and after drinking it, 8 how good it tasted. The clerk continued offering the mixture and it grew in 9 . Today this kind of Cola is sold in most countries around the world. And although they no longer 10 the ingredients to kill headache, they are still very refreshing.1．A．reason B．mixture C．source D．remedy 2．A．as B．until C．after D．since 3．A．fill B．mix C．eat D．milk 4．A．left for B．accounted for C．applied for D．asked for 5．A．right away B．for nothing C．sooner or later D．back home 6．A．in addition to B．instead of C．except for D．as well as 7．A．admitted B．preferred C．suggested D．enjoyed8．A．told B．proved C．remarked D．wondered 9．A．surprise B．popularity C．confusion D．history 10．A．support B．provide C．ensure D．contain二、阅读理解Another person’s enthusiasm（热情）was what set me moving toward the success I have achieved. That person was my stepmother.I was nine years old when she entered our home in the countryside of Virginia. My father introduced me to her with these words: “I would like you to meet the fellow who is well known for being the worst boy in this county and will probably start throwing rocks at you no later than tomorrow morning.”My stepmother walked over to me, raised my head slightly upward, and looked at me right in the eye. Then she looked at my father and replied, “You are wrong. This is not the worst boy at all, but the smartest one who hasn’t yet found a way to give out his enthusiasm.”That statement began a friendship between us. No one had ever called me smart, My family and neighbors had built me up in my mind as a bad boy. My stepmother changed all that.She changed many things. She persuaded my father to go to a dental school, from which he gra duated with honors. She moved our family into the county seat, where my father’s career could be more successful and my brother and I could be better educated.When I turned fourteen, she bought me a secondhand typewriter and told me that she believed that I could become a writer. I knew her enthusiasm, and I saw how it had already improved our lives. I accepted her belief and began to write for local newspapers and finally reached the goal she set for me. I wasn’t the only beneficiary. My father became the wealthiest man in town. My brother and stepbrothers became a physician, a dentist, a lawyer, and a college president.11．What does the author mean by “I wasn’t the only beneficiary”?A．His stepmother bought typewriters for other family members, too.B．Not only he but also his family gained from his stepmother’s enthusiasm.C．Other family members’ enthusiasm has great effe cts on his stepmother.D．There were other boys who behaved as badly as he did.12．According to the author, ______ before his stepmother came into his life.A．his father had been away from home for a long timeB．people had noticed his intelligenceC．he knew how to release his enthusiasm properlyD．he was considered a rude boy with wild behaviors13．The author’s stepmother did all the following EXCEPT ______.A．giving some writing lessons to him at homeB．moving the family into the centre of the countyC．planning the future for each family memberD．praising him from the bottom of her heart14．Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?A．Enthusiasm, a Source of AuthorityB．Enthusiasm, a Gift from my FatherC．Enthusiasm, a Trend in FamiliesD．Enthusiasm, a Power for SuccessFamily fights are never pleasant. Whether you are dealing with a loud sister or a stubborn mom or dad, the situation can be bad. At least that’s what we have learned to expect.What if it could be different? What if family fights and conflicts could be turned into opportunities to become closer? What if problems could be solved with everyone walking away feeling more deeply cared for and loved?Family fighting is, on one level, about power. Someone is telling someone else what to do. In a short moment, emotions can be brought out and the fight is on. You can go down that old road or you can try something different.In any fight, you have a need to be listened to and understood. People raise their voices and shout at each ot her because they’re not being listened to. It’s totally unconscious. You want your mom or dad to listen and understand. But you always seems to forget the person you’re fighting with has the same need to be listened to. So if you can put aside your need for a few minutes, the situation will change quickly. Give the other person some time to express his or her feelings, and you will earn your turn to be listened to.And while you are listening, you have to listen for the right information. The best way to do this in emotional situations is to forget most of the words because many people can’t express what they are feeling with words alone, especially when they are upset.But if the situation starts to get out of hand, it would be wise to just calm down and leave the problem until later because many fights happen at the wrong time. The situation will die down quickly, usually in less than 30 seconds. You can either move on to problem solving or reach an agreement to work on it at a better time.This way, everyone will feel respected and listened to, even when there is conflict. Emotions will be understood and respected, and it will bring your family closer together. 15．From the first 3 paragraphs, we can conclude that ______.A．people had better avoid family fights.B．family members fight to control each otherC．family fights can be changed into something positiveD．when family members fight, it’s worse as they know each other’s weakness16．In the author’s opinion, the key to dealing with family fights is to ______.A．satisfy the need to be listened to firstB．make sure that you’re the first to be listened toC．pay no attention to what others say in emotional situationsD．stop quarrelling when you feel you are giving orders17．When the situation gets out of contro l, it’s best to ______.A．wait for a suitable moment to speakB．let the other person express their feelingsC．work on a written agreement firstD．move on to problem solving18．The main purpose of this article is to ______.A．tell readers that family fights are not that badB．teach reader how to listen in family fightsC．remind readers to show respect in family fightsD．give advice on dealing with family fights第II卷（非选择题）三、语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Steel, concrete（混凝土）and glass are common materials in any skyscrapers. But more high buildings are now using wood. In the last four years, Australia, Norway, England and Canada 19．(build) wooden skyscrapers. The latest one is in Sweden, 20．new, 19-storey wooden hotel called “Sida vid Sida” (side by side).Why are wooden skyscrapers chosen ahead of concrete 21．?Wood 22．(use) in many Chinese buildings for thousands of years, but is it strong enough for skyscrapers?“There are a whole bunch of new materials made out of wood 23．are structurally able to build big buildings,” material expert Dr. Michael Ramage told CNN.Architects（建筑师）use woven（编制的）wood to make sure it is. They put layers of wood across one another coated with special glue 24．(create) a very strong material.Wood also lasts a long ti me and doesn’t rot（腐烂的）25．it is well looked after. Many examples can be found, one of 26．is the rooftops of Beijing’s Forbidden City.Ramage also said bamboo 27．be cut in special ways to make it far 28．(strong).四、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.It is not unusual for us to gather with our nearest and dearest on the weekends. But do you know that holid ays, much like relationships, can be “made, 29．and broken” through conversations? Deborag Tannen, a Georgetown University linguistics（语言学）professor,believes so. She offers suggestions to improve communication at the holiday table and beyond. Let’s take a look.A round dining table is best for 30．a lively conversation because everyone faces one another.Avoid 31．grandparents at the ends of a rectangular table, even though it is the traditional place of honor. Elderly people may feel lonely there because they will be 32．to hear or keep up with a conversation.Women prefer to face each other and make eye contact when they talk. Men might look around at other things. “Guys may be more relaxed keeping staring on the TV,” says Tannen. “They’ll still be 33．, though.”Be 34．that people have different ways of talking. Each person has a different sense of tone, rhythm, timing and how long of a pause is normal in a conversation. Pay attention to people who seem left out. If you feel you are doing all the talking, hold back to give others a chance to join in. If you feel you aren’t getting a chance to speak, try pushing yourself to start talking before it seems natural or 35．.Some families find that gatherings go more 36．if they participate in an outdoor activity. Going to a park for a walk may be more 37．than sitting around chatting.五、六选四Directions: Choose from the sentences A-F to complete the passage. There are two extra sentences which you do not need to use.It should be easy for you to recognize faces of your family and friends. But can you remember faces that you’ve only seen once? You might think it is very difficult.38．. They are the so-called “super recognizers”, who can remember at least 80 percent of the faces they’ve seen.39．. But studies shows that at least one person in every 50 is a super recognizer, reported the Daily Mail.Bournemouth University in the UK recently carried out research trying to find whether super recognizers have a different way to process faces. They have found that when these people look at faces, they spend more time looking at the person’s nose. 40．. Their super ability is limited to only to recognizing faces.Another important finding is that there are subtypes（子类型）of super recognition. Some super recognizers never forget faces. But for some, if you present a pair of faces to them at the same time, they can quickly decide whether the faces are of the same person or two different people.These subtypes of super recognition could be applied to many areas of life. 41．. Super recognizers could help match faces in CCTV footage（闭路电视镜头）. They could also help police spot bad guys or even missing people in crowds.A．However, studies have found a small number of people have amazing face recognition skills.B．Researchers have tried to find how certain people are so good at recognizing faces.C．It is also found that these people are not particularly smarter than others.D．It is unknown how many people truly have these skills.E．For instance, the skills could be very useful at a passport control checkpoint.F．Many super recognizers say they are good at spotting faces in a crowd.六、汉译英Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.42．经常锻炼，你会受益匪浅的。

上海市浦东新区2018学年度第一学期期末质量测试高一数学试卷(解析版)

浦东新区2018学年度第一学期期末质量测试高一数学试卷考生注意：1、答卷时间90分钟，满分100分2、请在答题纸上规定的地方作答，写在其它地方一律不予批阅.一、填空题，本大题共有12题，只要求直接填写结果。

1.不等式的解集是_______【答案】【解析】【分析】由绝对值不等式的性质直接求解。

【详解】，，即不等式的解集是：【点睛】本题主要考查了绝对值不等式的解法，属于基础题。

2.若整数．．能使成立，则=____.【答案】【解析】【分析】利用集合相等列方程组求解即可解决问题。

【详解】或，解得：（舍去）或=10【点睛】本题考查了集合相等知识，还考查了分类讨论思想，属于基础题。

3.已知集合，集合，则=____.【答案】【解析】【分析】分别解出集合，利用交集概念求解。

【详解】，，=【点睛】本题考查了指数函数及对数函数性质，还考查了交集概念，属于基础题。

4.函数的零点个数为_______.【答案】1【解析】【分析】令，整理得：，分别作出及图像，由图像交点个数即可判断函数零点个数。

【详解】令，整理得：，在同一坐标系中分别作出及图像，如下图：由图可知，两函数图像只有一个交点。

函数零点个数为1个。

【点睛】本题考查了函数零点的概念，还考查了转化思想及指数函数，幂函数图像，属于基础题。

5.函数的图像恒经过定点，则点的坐标是____.【答案】(2,4)【解析】当时，不论底数取何值，总有成立，即函数的图象恒过定点，故答案为．6.如果，那么=______.【答案】1【解析】【分析】分别表示出，利用对数运算知识求解即可。

【详解】，=【点睛】本题考查了指数幂与对数的互化，还考查了对数运算知识，属于基础题。

7.方程的解集是______.【答案】【解析】【分析】对变形，再利用换元法转化成一元二次方程问题来求解即可。

【详解】，即：，令，则方程可化为，解得：或，或或方程的解集是：【点睛】本题考查了对数运算性质及转化思想，利用换元方法求解。

上海市浦东新区2017-2018学年高一上学期期末考试化学试题含答案精品

浦东新区2017学年度第一学期期末质量检测高一化学试卷考生注意1、试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2、本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

请考生将班级、姓名、学号和答案写在答题纸上。

本卷可能用到的相对原子质量：H:1 C: 12 0:16 S:32一、选择题（每题只有一个正确答案，每题2分，共80分）1.原子AM 24195的中子数是A.241B. 146C. 95D. 512.H 、D 、T 、H 2和 H +，表示A.五种不同的氢元素B.五种不同的氢原子C.五种由氢元素组成的不同微粒D.五种由氢元素组成的不同分子 3.在核外电子排布规律中，M 层上最多容纳的电子数是A. 2B. 8C.10D.184. Mg 和Mg 2+两种微粒中，具有相同的A.核内质子数B.核外电子数C.最外层电子数D.核外电子层数5.1996年科学家在宇宙中发现了 H 3分子，H 3和H 2属于A.同位素B.同素异形体C.同分异构体D.同一物质6.与8gS03含有相同氧原子数的是A. 19.6g H 2SO 4B.6g CO 2C.6.02X1022个 SO 2 D.标准状况下2.24L 的CO7.盐田法是把海水引入盐田，利用日光、风力蒸发浓缩海水，使其达到饱和，进一步将食盐结晶出来，这种方法在化学上称为A.蒸发结晶B.冷却结晶C.重结晶D.蒸馏8.医疗上使用的生理盐水中氯化钠的浓度为A.0.09%B. 0.9%C. 1.9%D.9%9.有关粗盐提纯的方法正确的是A.溶解粗盐时，应尽量使溶液稀一些，以免食盐不溶解B.将制得的晶体转移到新制过滤器中，用大量水进行洗涤C.蒸发必须至所有溶质全部结晶析出才可停止加热D.滤去不溶性杂质后，将滤液移至蒸发皿内加热浓缩并不断搅拌10.欲在铁架台上用蒸发皿加热蒸发氯化钠溶液，下列操作中应最先进行的是A.固定铁圈B.点燃酒精灯C.放置酒前D.将蒸发皿放在铁圈上11.氢氧化纳是重要的化工原料。

它有广泛的用途，下列不属于它的用途的是A.制食盐B.制肥皂C.印染D.造纸12.除去氯化氢气体中的水蒸气可以用A.碱石灰B.浓硫酸C.硫酸铜粉末D.生石灰13.将氯水滴入石蕊试液，观察到的现象是A.溶液变红B. 溶液先变蓝后褪色C.溶液变蓝D. 溶液先变红后褪色14.氯水可用来杀菌消毒，又可作为漂白剂，其中起主要作用的物质是A. Cl2B. HC10C. HC1D. H2015.当不慎有大量Cl2扩散到周围空间时，处在环境中的人们可以用浸有一定浓度某种物质水溶液的毛巾捂住鼻子，以防中毒，该物质最适宜采用的是A. NaOHB. NaClC. NaHCO3D. NH3H2016.下列化学反应基本类型中一定是氧化还原反应的是A.化合反应B.分解反应C.复分解反应D.置换反应17.下列反应中，水既不做氧化剂，也不做还原剂的氧化还原反应为18.从溴水中提取溴的最好方法是A.蒸发B.用酒精萃取C.用苯萃取D.通入氯气19.共价键不可能存在于A.金属单质B.非金属单质C.离子化合物D.共价化合物20.与氮化钠具有相同化学键的物质是A. H2B. HC1C. Na20D. C. C0221.电子层结构相同的一组微粒是A. Na+和F-B.H+和 02C.S2和Na2D. Li和Cl-22.具有下列最外层电子数的原子，最难形成的离子是A. L层6个B.L层4个C. M层2个D. M层7个23.在离子键中存在A.只有静电斥力B.只有静电引力C.分子间作用力D. 既有引力又有斥力24.下列各组元素原子核数中中，其相应的原子能形成XY2共价化合物的是A. 3与8B.1与16C. 12与17D. 6 与 825.根据化学反应的实质是旧键断裂、新键形成这一观点，下列变化不属于化学反应的是A.干冰气化B.氧气转化为臭氧C.二氧化碳溶于水D.加热碳酸塞钱26.当水蒸气变成液态水，再转变为冰的过程中一定A.只放出能量B.只吸收能量C.先放出能量，再吸收能量D.先吸收能量，再放出能量27.有分子构成的物质是A. NaClB. HC1C. FeD. NH4Cl28.下列说法正确的是A.从溶液中结晶出来的晶体都含结晶水B.晶体失去结晶水一定是风化的结杲C.风化与潮解是两个正好相反的过程D.某饱和溶液冷却析出晶体后，该溶液仍是饱和溶液29.属于放热反应的是A.氢气还原氧化铜B.氨气的分解C.氢气在氧气中燃烧D.碳酸钙高温分解30.分析右面的能置变化示意图，可以得出结论是A.此反应是放热反应B.此反应是吸热反应C.无法判断此反应是吸热或放热反应D.生成物具有的能量大于反应物具有的能量量低生成物31.关于热化子方程式：2H2(g) + 02(g)→H2O(l) + 571.6KJ的叙述错误的是A.H2(g) + I/2O2(g) →H20 (1) + 285.8KJB.2g氢气完全燃烧生成液态水时放出571 6KJ的热量C.1mol H2完全燃烧生成液态水时放出285 gKJ的热量D. 2molH2完全燃烧生成液态水时放出571.6KJ的热量32.原电池中负极发生的是A.氧化还原反应B. 氧化反应C.还原反应D.置换反应33.将纯锌片和纯铜片按图示方式插入同浓度的稀硫酸中一段时间，以下叙述正确是A.两烧杯中铜片表面均无气泡产生B.甲中铜片是正极，乙中铜片是负极C. 两烧杯中溶液的pH均增大D.产生气泡的速度甲比乙慢34.标准状况通常是指A.温度为0℃,，压强为101kPaB.温度为20℃,压强为10kPaC.温度为0℃,压强为202kPaD.温度为20℃,压强为202kPa35.对液态HCl和NaCl溶液的说法合理的是A. HCl的共价键被破坏B. NaCl的离子键被破坏C.HC1和NaCl的化学键均遭破坏D. HC1和NaCl的化学键均未遭破坏36.天然气和液化石油气燃烧的化学方程式分别为：CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2O C3Hs +502→3C02+ 4H20,现有一套以天然气为燃料的灶具，若要改用液化石油气，应采取的措施是A.增大空气体积进入量B.增大石油气体积进入量C.减小空气体积进入量D.不作任何改动，直接使用37.将一块不规则的硫酸铜晶体投入到硫酸铜饱和溶液的烧杯中，一段时间后，得到的结论是A.晶体的质量减小，形状改变B.晶体的质量不变，形状不变C.晶体的质量增加，形状改变D.晶体的质量不变，形状改变38.向含有NaBr和KI的混合溶液中通入过量的Cl2充分反应，将溶液蒸干，并灼烧所得的物质，最后剩余的固体是A. NaCl 和 KIB.KC1 和 NaClC.BCC1 和 NaBrD. NaCl、KC1 和 Fe39.标准状况下22.4L H2与Cl2的混合气体，在一密闭容器中充分反应，冷却后气体体积不变；再用足量的NaOH溶液吸收反应后的气体，气体完全被吸收，则原混合气体中H2与Cl2的物质的量之比是A等于1 B.小于1 C.大于1 D.小于或等于140.溴化碘(IBr)的化学性质与卤素单质相似，如与水反应的方程式为：Br+H20= HBi+HIO,则有关IBr的叙述错误的是A. IBr是双原子分子B.在很多反应中IBr是氧化剂C.和水反应时，Ibr既是氧化剂，又是还原剂D.和NaOH溶液反应生成NaBr和NaI0二、综合分析题（共20分）(一）（本题共10分）在高锰酸钾固体上滴加浓盐酸，马上产生黄绿色气体。

2017-2018学年上海市浦东新区高一(上)期末数学试卷

2017-2018学年上海市浦东新区高一（上）期末数学试卷一、填空题（共12小题，每小题3分，满分36分）1．（3.00分）设A={﹣2，﹣1，0，1，2}，B={x|x2+x=0}，则集合A∩B=．2．（3.00分）不等式|x﹣1|＜2的解集为．3．（3.00分）已知函数f（x）=2x+m，其反函数y=f﹣1（x）图象经过点（3，1），则实数m的值为．4．（3.00分）命题“若A∩B=B，则B⊆A”是（真或假）命题．5．（3.00分）已知x＞1，则y=x+的最小值为．6．（3.00分）已知log32=a，则log324=（结果用a表示）7．（3.00分）已知函数f（x）=，则f[f（）]=．8．（3.00分）已知函数f（x）=，g（x）=x﹣1，若F（x）=f（x）•g（x），则F（x）的值域是．9．（3.00分）已知函数，且f（2）＜f（3），则实数k取值范围是．10．（3.00分）已知偶函数y=f（x）在区间[0，+∞）上的解析式为f（x）=x2﹣2x，则y=f（x）在区间（﹣∞，0）上的解析式f（x）=．11．（3.00分）已知函数f（x）=|x2﹣2|﹣a有4个零点，则实数a的取值范围是．12．（3.00分）若函数y=f（x）的图象是折线段ABC，其中A（0，0），B（1，1），C（2，0），则函数y=x•f（x）（0≤x≤2）的图象与x轴围成的图形的面积为．二、选择题（共4小题，每小题3分，满分12分）13．（3.00分）已知实数a、b，且a＞b，下列结论中一定成立的是（）A．a2＞b2B．＜1C．2a＞2b D．14．（3.00分）函数的图象是（）A．B．C．D．15．（3.00分）函数f（x）=x2+2（a﹣1）x+2在（﹣∞，4]上是减函数，则实数a的取值范围是（）A．a=5B．a≥5C．a=﹣3D．a≤﹣316．（3.00分）根据有关资料，围棋状态空间复杂度的上限M约为3361，而可观测宇宙中普通物质的原子总数N为1080，则下列各数中与最接近的是（）A．1033B．1053C．1073D．1093三、解答题（共5小题，满分52分）17．（8.00分）已知a＞0，试比较与的值的大小．18．（10.00分）已知集合A={x|+1≤0}，B={x|（）a•2x=4}，若A∪B=A，求实数a的取值范围．19．（10.00分）判断并证明函数f（x）=在区间（﹣1，0）上的单调性．20．（10.00分）如图，在半径为40cm的半圆（O为圆心）形铁皮上截取一块矩形材料ABCD，其中A，B在直径上，C，D在圆周上．（1）设AD=x，将矩形ABCD的面积y表示为x的函数，并写出定义域（2）应怎样截取，才能使矩形ABCD的面积最大？最大面积是多少？21．（14.00分）已知函数f（x）=log a x+b（a＞0，a≠1）的图象经过点（8，2）和（1，﹣1）（1）求f（x）的解析式（2）若[f（x）]2=3f（x），求实数x的值（3）令y=g（x）=2f（x+1）﹣f（x），求y=g（x）的最小值，及取最小值时x的值．2017-2018学年上海市浦东新区高一（上）期末数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空题（共12小题，每小题3分，满分36分）1．（3.00分）设A={﹣2，﹣1，0，1，2}，B={x|x2+x=0}，则集合A∩B={﹣1，0}．【分析】解不等式得出集合B，再求A∩B．【解答】解：A={﹣2，﹣1，0，1，2}，B={x|x2+x=0}={x|x=0或x=﹣1}={﹣1，0}，则集合A∩B={﹣1，0}．故答案为：{﹣1，0}．【点评】本题考查了集合的化简与运算问题，是基础题．2．（3.00分）不等式|x﹣1|＜2的解集为（﹣1，3）．【分析】由不等式|x﹣1|＜2，可得﹣2＜x﹣1＜2，解得﹣1＜x＜3．【解答】解：由不等式|x﹣1|＜2可得﹣2＜x﹣1＜2，∴﹣1＜x＜3，故不等式|x﹣1|＜2的解集为（﹣1，3），故答案为：（﹣1，3）．【点评】本题考查查绝对值不等式的解法，关键是去掉绝对值，化为与之等价的不等式来解．3．（3.00分）已知函数f（x）=2x+m，其反函数y=f﹣1（x）图象经过点（3，1），则实数m的值为1．【分析】由题意得，函数f（x）=2x+m经过点（1，3），从而得出关于m的方程，解此方程即可得答案．【解答】解：∵其反函数y=f﹣1（x）的图象经过点（3，1），∴函数f（x）=2x+m经过点（1，3），∴2+m=3∴m=1，故答案为：1．【点评】反函数是函数知识中重要的一部分内容．对函数的反函数的研究，我们应从函数的角度去理解反函数的概念，从中发现反函数的本质，并能顺利地应用函数与其反函数间的关系去解决相关问题．4．（3.00分）命题“若A∩B=B，则B⊆A”是真（真或假）命题．【分析】由A∩B=B，得B⊆A．【解答】解：∵A∩B=B，∴B⊆A，∴命题“若A∩B=B，则B⊆A”是真命题．故答案为：真．【点评】本题考查命题的真假判断，考查交集、子集等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，考查函数与方程思想，是基础题．5．（3.00分）已知x＞1，则y=x+的最小值为3．【分析】变形利用基本不等式的性质即可得出．【解答】解：∵x＞1，∴x﹣1＞0，∴y=x+=（x﹣1）++1+1=3，当且仅当x=2时取等号．则y=x+的最小值为3．故答案为：3．【点评】本题考查了变形利用基本不等式的性质，属于基础题．6．（3.00分）已知log32=a，则log324=1+3a（结果用a表示）【分析】利用对数运算性质即可得出．【解答】解：log32=a，则log324==1+3log32=1+3a．故答案为：1+3a．【点评】本题考查了对数运算性质，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于基础题．7．（3.00分）已知函数f（x）=，则f[f（）]=﹣7．【分析】根据分段函数的表达式，利用代入法进行求解即可．【解答】解：由分段函数的表达式得f（）=log3=﹣2，则f（﹣2）=（﹣2）3+1=﹣8+1=﹣7，故答案为：﹣7【点评】本题主要考查函数值的计算，根据分段函数的表达式利用代入法是解决本题的关键．8．（3.00分）已知函数f（x）=，g（x）=x﹣1，若F（x）=f（x）•g（x），则F（x）的值域是[0，）∪（，+∞）．【分析】求出函数的定义域并化简，然后求出x+2的范围，开方得答案．【解答】解：F（x）=f（x）•g（x）=（x﹣1）=（x≠1），由，解得x≥﹣2且x≠1．∴F（x）的定义域为{x|x≥﹣2且x≠1}，则x+2≥0且x+2≠3，∴F（x）的值域是[0，）∪（，+∞）．故答案为：[0，）∪（，+∞）．【点评】本题考查函数值域的求法，解答此题的关键是明确函数定义域，是基础题．9．（3.00分）已知函数，且f（2）＜f（3），则实数k取值范围是（﹣1，2）．【分析】由于给出的函数是幂函数，且f（2）＜f（3），所以其在（0，+∞）上是增函数，其指数为正，求解一元二次方程得k取值范围．【解答】解：因为函数是幂函数，且f（2）＜f（3），所以其在（0，+∞）上是增函数，所以根据幂函数的性质，有﹣k2+k+2＞0，即k2﹣k﹣2＜0，所以﹣1＜k＜2．故答案为（﹣1，2）．【点评】本题考查了幂函数的概念，解答的关键是熟记幂函数的定义及性质，此题是基础题．10．（3.00分）已知偶函数y=f（x）在区间[0，+∞）上的解析式为f（x）=x2﹣2x，则y=f（x）在区间（﹣∞，0）上的解析式f（x）=．【分析】通过设x＜0，利用﹣x＞0及已知在区间[0，+∞）上偶函数y=f（x）的解析式可得结论．【解答】解：设x＜0，则﹣x＞0，因为y=f（x）在区间[0，+∞）上的解析式为f（x）=x2﹣2x，所以f（﹣x）=（﹣x）2﹣2（﹣x）=x2+2x，又因为y=f（x）为偶函数，所以f（x）=f（﹣x）=x2+2x，综上所述，f（x）=，故答案为：．【点评】本题考查函数解析式的求解及常用方法，涉及函数的奇偶性，考查分类讨论的思想，注意解题方法的积累，属于中档题．11．（3.00分）已知函数f（x）=|x2﹣2|﹣a有4个零点，则实数a的取值范围是（0，2）．【分析】作出y=|x2﹣2|的函数图象，令y=a与函数图象有4个交点得出a的范围．【解答】解：令f（x）=0得|x2﹣2|=a，作出y=|x2﹣2|的函数图象如图所示：∵f（x）=|x2﹣2|﹣a有4个零点，∴直线y=a与y=|x2﹣2|的图象有4个交点，∴0＜a＜2．故答案为：（0，2）．【点评】本题考查了函数零点与函数图象的关系，考查数形结合的应用，属于基础题．12．（3.00分）若函数y=f（x）的图象是折线段ABC，其中A（0，0），B（1，1），C（2，0），则函数y=x•f（x）（0≤x≤2）的图象与x轴围成的图形的面积为1．【分析】先求出函数的解析式y=x•f（x）=，再利用定积分可求得函数y=xf（x）（0≤x≤2）的图象与x轴围成的图形的面积．【解答】解：当函数y=f（x）的图象是折线段ABC，其中A（0，0），B（1，1），C（2，0），当经过点A，B时，即为f（x）=x，0≤x＜1，当经过点B，C时，即为f（x）=﹣x+2，1≤x＜2，∴y=x•f（x）=，设函数y=xf（x）（0≤x≤2）的图象与x轴围成的图形的面积为S，∴S=x2dx+（﹣x2+2x）dx=x3|+（﹣x3+x2）|=+（﹣+4）﹣（﹣+1）=1，故答案为：1【点评】本题考查函数的图象，着重考查分段函数的解析式的求法与定积分的应用，考查分析运算能力，属于中档题．二、选择题（共4小题，每小题3分，满分12分）13．（3.00分）已知实数a、b，且a＞b，下列结论中一定成立的是（）A．a2＞b2B．＜1C．2a＞2b D．【分析】利用函数y=2x在R上单调性即可得出．【解答】解：∵函数y=2x在R上单调递增，又a＞b，∴2a＞2b．故选：C．【点评】熟练掌握指数函数的单调性是解题的关键．14．（3.00分）函数的图象是（）A．B．C．D．【分析】先利用函数图象过点（0，1），排除选项CD，再利用当x=1时，函数值小于1的特点，排除A，从而选B【解答】解：令x=0，则=1，即图象过（0，1）点，排除C、D；令x=1，则=＜1，故排除A故选：B．【点评】本题主要考查了指数函数的图象和性质，利用特殊性质、特殊值，通过排除法解图象选择题的方法和技巧，属基础题15．（3.00分）函数f（x）=x2+2（a﹣1）x+2在（﹣∞，4]上是减函数，则实数a的取值范围是（）A．a=5B．a≥5C．a=﹣3D．a≤﹣3【分析】判断函数的对称轴在（﹣∞，4]的右侧，推出1﹣a≥4，解不等式求得实数a的取值范围．【解答】解：由题意可得函数的对称轴x=1﹣a在（﹣∞，4]的右侧，1﹣a≥4，解得a≤3．故选：D．【点评】本题主要考查二次函数的性质的应用，得到a﹣1≥4是解题的关键，属于基础题．16．（3.00分）根据有关资料，围棋状态空间复杂度的上限M约为3361，而可观测宇宙中普通物质的原子总数N为1080，则下列各数中与最接近的是（）A．1033B．1053C．1073D．1093【分析】根据对数的性质得：3=10lg3≈100.48，将M化为以10为底的指数形式，计算即可．【解答】解：由题意：M≈3361，N≈1080，根据对数性质有：3=10lg3≈100.48，∴M≈3361≈（100.48）361≈10173，∴≈=1093．故选：D．【点评】本题考查了指数形式与对数形式的互化问题，是基础题．三、解答题（共5小题，满分52分）17．（8.00分）已知a＞0，试比较与的值的大小．【分析】运用作差法，再对a讨论，a＞1，0＜a＜1，判断差的符号，即可得到所求大小关系．【解答】解：﹣==，当a＞1时，﹣2a＜0，a2﹣1＞0，则＜0，即＜；当0＜a＜1时，﹣2a＜0，a2﹣1＜0，则＞0，即＞．综上可得a＞1时，＜；0＜a＜1时，＞．【点评】本题考查两式的大小比较，注意运用作差法，考查分类讨论思想方法，以及运算能力，属于基础题．18．（10.00分）已知集合A={x|+1≤0}，B={x|（）a•2x=4}，若A∪B=A，求实数a的取值范围．【分析】由分式不等式的解法和指数方程化简集合A，B，再由集合的包含关系，可得a的范围．【解答】解：集合A={x|+1≤0}={x|≤0}={x|1≤x＜2}，B={x|（）a•2x=4}={x|2x﹣a=4}={x|x=a+2}，由A∪B=A，可得B⊆A，即有1≤a+2＜2，解得﹣1≤a＜0．则a的取值范围是[﹣1，0）．【点评】本题考查集合的化简和运算，注意运用分式不等式的解法和指数方程的解法，考查集合并集的性质，以及运算能力，属于中档题．19．（10.00分）判断并证明函数f（x）=在区间（﹣1，0）上的单调性．【分析】根据题意，设﹣1＜x1＜x2＜0，作差分析可得f（x1）﹣f（x2）=，结合﹣1＜x1＜x2＜0，分析可得f（x1）﹣f（x2）＜0，由函数单调性的定义，分析可得答案．【解答】解：根据题意，函数f（x）=在区间（﹣1，0）上单调递增，证明如下：设﹣1＜x1＜x2＜0，则f（x1）﹣f（x2）=﹣=，又由﹣1＜x1＜x2＜0，则x2﹣x1＞0，x2+x1＜0，x12﹣1＜0，x22﹣1＜0，则有f（x1）﹣f（x2）＜0，则函数f（x）=在区间（﹣1，0）上单调递增．【点评】本题考查函数单调性的判断，关键是掌握定义法证明函数单调性的步骤．20．（10.00分）如图，在半径为40cm的半圆（O为圆心）形铁皮上截取一块矩形材料ABCD，其中A，B在直径上，C，D在圆周上．（1）设AD=x，将矩形ABCD的面积y表示为x的函数，并写出定义域（2）应怎样截取，才能使矩形ABCD的面积最大？最大面积是多少？【分析】（1）AB=2OA=2，可得y=f（x）的解析式．（2）平方利用基本不等式的性质即可得出．【解答】解：（1）AB=2OA=2=2，∴y=f（x）=2x，x∈（0，40）．（2）y2=4x2（1600﹣x2）≤4×（）2=16002，即y≤1600，当且仅当x=20时取等号．∴截取AD=20时，才能使矩形材料ABCD的面积最大，最大面积为1600cm2．【点评】本题考查了函数的性质、矩形的面积计算公式、基本不等式的性质，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于中档题．21．（14.00分）已知函数f（x）=log a x+b（a＞0，a≠1）的图象经过点（8，2）和（1，﹣1）（1）求f（x）的解析式（2）若[f（x）]2=3f（x），求实数x的值（3）令y=g（x）=2f（x+1）﹣f（x），求y=g（x）的最小值，及取最小值时x的值．【分析】（1）联立f（8）=log a8+b=2与f（1）=log a1+b=﹣1，从而可求出参数a、b的值；（2）利用f（x）=0或f（x）=3，结合f（x）的解析式即可求出实数x的值；（3）化简y=g（x）的解析式，结合基本不等式可得结论．【解答】解：（1）由题可知：f（8）=log a8+b=2，f（1）=log a1+b=﹣1，解得：a=2，b=﹣1，所以f（x）=log2x﹣1，x＞0；（2）由[f（x）]2=3f（x）可知f（x）=0或f（x）=3，又由（1）可知log2x﹣1=0或log2x﹣1=3，解得：x=2或x=16；（3）由（1）可知y=g（x）=2f（x+1）﹣f（x）=2[log2（x+1）﹣1]﹣（log2x﹣1）=﹣1≥log2（2+2）﹣1=1，当且仅当即x=1时取等号，所以，当x=1时g（x）取得最小值1．【点评】本题考查考查了的对数的运算及对数函数的应用，同时还考查了基本不等式的应用，注意解题方法的积累，属于中档题．。

上海市浦东新区2017—2018学年高一上学期期末考试(含答案解析)

上海市浦东新区2017—2018学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题第I卷（共73分）I. Listening Comprehension 20%Section A 10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Repairing the radio. B. Listening to the broadcastC. Chatting with friends.D. Playing cards.2. A. In a hospital. B. At a bank.C. In a restaurant.D. At a post office.3. A. One was probably sold out. B. One was not interesting.页1页 2 C. One was too old. D. One was too expensive.4 A. Teacher and student. B. Customer and boss.C. Doctor and patient.D. Husband and wife.5. A. About 7:15. B. About 7:30. C. About 7:45. D. About 8:00.6. A. It ’s excellent. B. It is not much better than others.C. It isn ’t great.D. It is the greatest.7 A. The man should learn to slow down. B. The man is always late.C. They should slow down.D. They aren ’t going to be on time.8. A. Liz is on business tour. B. Ted takes Liz for a holiday.C Ted is gone for a holiday. D. Ted usually gives Liz a ride.9. A. She will type it next time.B. She would rather work on it.C. It took her an entire week to type it.D. She isn't quite satisfied with it.10. A. The woman really doesn ’t know. ...B. The weather won’t affect the result of the game.C. The team will lose the game.D. The team will be defeated because of the weather.Section B 10%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked two or three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To prepare to leave. B. To look out of the window.C. To pack a suitcase.D. To watch the TV news.12. A. Clothes. B. Diary.C. Pets.D. Wedding photos.13. A. Sunny. B. Rainy.C. Cloudy.D. Windy.页3. Questions 14 through 15 are based on the following passage.14. A. Even your friend can’t buy alcohol for you in England.B. The traffic in England keeps to the left.C. Dropping litter in the street is not allowed.D Anyone under 16 years of age mustn’t buy cigarettes or tobacco.15. A. To prepare people for international travel.B. To carry out the laws of different kinds.C. To give advice to travels to England.D. To tell people the punishment for breaking laws.II. Grammar and Vocabulary 19%Section A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.页4Steel, concrete（混凝土）and glass are common materials in any skyscrapers. But more high buildings are now using wood. In the last four years, Australia, Norway, England and Canada ___1___ (build) wooden skyscrapers. The latest one is in Sweden, ___2___ new, 19-storey wooden hotel called “Sida vid Sida”(side by side).Why are wooden skyscrapers chosen ahead of concrete ___3___?Wood ___4___ (use) in many Chinese buildings for thousands of years, but is it strong enough for skyscrapers?“There are a whole bunch of new materials made out of wood ___5___ are structurally able to build big buildings,”material expert Dr. Michael Ramage told CNN.Architects（建筑师）use woven（编制的）wood to make sure it is. They put layers of wood across one another coated with special glue ___6___ (create) a very strong material.Wood also lasts a long time and doesn’t rot（腐烂的）___7___ it is well looked after. Many examples can be found, one of ___8___ is the rooftops of Beijing’s Forbidden City.页5Ramage also said bamboo ___9___ be cut in special ways to make it far ___10___ (strong).Section B 9%Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.It is not unusual for us to gather with our nearest and dearest on the weekends. But do you know that holidays, much like relationships, can be “made, ___11___ and broken”through conversations? Deborag Tannen, a Georgetown University linguistics（语言学）professor, believes so. She offers suggestions to improve communication at the holiday table and beyond. Let’s take a look.A round dining table is best for ___12___ a lively conversation because everyone faces one another.Avoid ___13___ grandparents at the ends of a rectangular table, even though it is the traditional place of honor. Elderly people may feel lonely页6there because they will be ___14___ to hear or keep up with a conversation.Women prefer to face each other and make eye contact when they talk. Men might look around at other things. “Guys may be more relaxed keeping staring on the TV,”says Tannen. “They’ll still be ___15___, though.”Be ___16___ that people have different ways of talking. Each person has a different sense of tone, rhythm, timing and how long of a pause is normal in a conversation. Pay attention to people who seem left out. If you feel you are doing all the talking, hold back to give others a chance to join in. If you feel you aren’t getting a chance to speak, try pushing yourself to start talking before it seems natural or ___17___.Some families find that gatherings go more ___18___ if they participate in an outdoor activity Going to a park for a walk may be more ___19___ than sitting around chatting.III. Reading Comprehension 34% Section A 10% .页7Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How many of you drink Cola? Nearly everybody. Did you know that cola started out not as a soft drink but as a cure for headache back in the late 1800’s? John S. Pamberton, a druggist from Atlanta, had experimented for many months trying to find a ____20____ for the common headache. He worked in his backyard, mixing and heating different mixtures of oils and flavors（香料）____21____ he found one that seemed to work well. Pamberton bottled the mixture and began selling it in drugstores as a concentrated（浓缩的）syrup（糖浆）that the customer had to ____22____ with water before drinking. The invention of Cola came about quite by accident. One day, a customer came into a drugstore complaining of a headache and ____23____ a bottle of cola syrup. He wanted to take it ____24____. So he asked the clerk to mix the medicine while he waited. The clerk, ____25____ walking to the other end of the counter to get plain water, ____26____ mixing the syrup with soda water. The customer agreed, and after drinking it, ____27____ how good it tasted. The clerk continued offering the mixture and it grew in ____28____. Today this kind of Cola is sold in most countries around the world. And although页8they no longer ____29____ the ingredients to kill headache, they are still very refreshing.20. A. reason B. mixture C. source D. remedy21. A. as B. until C. after D. since22. A. fill B. mix C. eat D. milk23. A. left for B. accounted for C. applied for D. asked for24. A. right away B. for nothing C. sooner or later D. back home25. A. in addition to B. instead of C. except for D. as well as26. A. admitted B. preferred C. suggested D. enjoyed27. A. told B. proved C. remarked D. wondered28. A. surprise B. popularity C. confusion D. history页929. A. support B. provide C. ensure D. containSection B 16%Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Another person’s enthusiasm（热情）was what set me moving toward the success I have achieved. That person was my stepmother.I was nine years old when she entered our home in the countryside of Virginia. My father introduced me to her with these words: “I would like you to meet the fellow who is well known for being the worst boy in this county and will probably start throwing rocks at you no later than tomorrow morning.”My stepmother walked over to me, raised my head slightly upward, and looked at me right in the eye. Then she looked at my father and页10replied, “You are wrong. This is not the worst boy at all, but the smartest one who hasn’t yet found a way to give out his enthusiasm.”That statement began a friendship between us. No one had ever called me smart, My family and neighbors had built me up in my mind as a bad boy. My stepmother changed all that.She changed many things. She persuaded my father to go to a dental school, from which he graduated with honors. She moved our family into the county seat, where my father’s career could be more successful and my brother and I could be better educated.When I turned fourteen, she bought me a secondhand typewriter and told me that she believed that I could become a writer. I knew her enthusiasm, and I saw how it had already improved our lives. I accepted her belief and began to write for local newspapers and finally reached the goal she set for me. I wasn’t the only beneficiary. My father became the wealthiest man in town. My brother and stepbrothers became a physician,a dentist, a lawyer, and a college president.30. What does the author mean by “I wasn’t the only beneficiary”?A. His stepmother bought typewriters for other family members, too.页11B. Not only he but also his family gained from his stepmother’s enthusiasm.C. Other family members’enthusiasm has great effects on his stepmother.D. There were other boys who behaved as badly as he did.31. According to the author, ______ before his stepmother came into his life.A. his father had been away from home for a long timeB. people had noticed his intelligenceC. he knew how to release his enthusiasm properlyD. he was considered a rude boy with wild behaviors32. The author’s stepmother did all the following EXCEPT ______.A. giving some writing lessons to him at homeB. moving the family into the centre of the countyC. planning the future for each family memberD. praising him from the bottom of her heart页1233. Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?A. Enthusiasm, a Source of AuthorityB. Enthusiasm, a Gift from my FatherC. Enthusiasm, a Trend in FamiliesD. Enthusiasm, a Power for Success(B)Family fights are never pleasant. Whether you are dealing with a loud sister or a stubborn mom or dad, the situation can be bad. At least that’s what we have learned to expect.What if it could be different? What if family fights and conflicts could be turned into opportunities to become closer? What if problems could be solved with everyone walking away feeling more deeply cared for and loved?Family fighting is, on one level, about power. Someone is telling someone else what to do. In a short moment, emotions can be brought out and the fight is on. You can go down that old road or you can try something different.页13In any fight, you have a need to be listened to and understood. People raise their voices and shout at each other because they’re not being listened to. It’s totally unconscious. You want your mom or dad to listen and understand. But you always seems to forget the person you’re fighting with has the same need to be listened to. So if you can put aside your need for a few minutes, the situation will change quickly. Give the other person some time to express his or her feelings, and you will earn your turn to be listened to.And while you are listening, you have to listen for the right information. The best way to do this in emotional situations is to forget most of the words because many people can’t express what they are feeling with words alone, especially when they are upset.But if the situation starts to get out of hand, it would be wise to just calm down and leave the problem until later because many fights happen at the wrong time. The situation will die down quickly, usually in less than 30 seconds. You can either move on to problem solving or reach an agreement to work on it at a better time.页14This way, everyone will feel respected and listened to, even when there is conflict. Emotions will be understood and respected, and it will bring your family closer together.34. From the first 3 paragraphs, we can conclude that ______.A. people had better avoid family fights.B. family members fight to control each otherC. family fights can be changed into something positiveD. when family members fight, it’s worse as they know each other’s weakness35. In the author’s opinion, the key to dealing with family fights is to ______.A. satisfy the need to be listened to firstB. make sure that you’re the first to be listened toC. pay no attention to what others say in emotional situationsD. stop quarrelling when you feel you are giving orders36. When the situation gets out of control, it’s best to ______.页15A. wait for a suitable moment to speakB. let the other person express their feelingsC. work on a written agreement firstD. move on to problem solving37. The main purpose of this article is to ______.A. tell readers that family fights are not that badB. teach readers how to listen in family fightsC. remind readers to show respect in family fightsD. give advice on dealing with family fightsSection C 8%Directions: Choose from the sentences A-F to complete the passage. There are two extra sentences which you do not need to use.It should be easy for you to recognize faces of your family and friends. But can you remember faces that you’ve only seen once? You might think it is very difficult.页16___38___. They are the so-called “super recognizers”, who can remember at least 80 percent of the faces they’ve seen.___39___. But studies shows that at least one person in every 50 is a super recognizer, reported the Daily Mail.Bournemouth University in the UK recently carried out research trying to find whether super recognizers have a different way to process faces. They have found that when these people look at faces, they spend more time looking at the person’s nose. ____40____. Their super ability is limited to only to recognizing faces.Another important finding is that there are subtypes（子类型）of super recognition. Some super recognizers never forget faces. But for some, if you present a pair of faces to them at the same time, they can quickly decide whether the faces are of the same person or two different people.These subtypes of super recognition could be applied to many areas of life. ____41____. Super recognizers could help match faces in CCTV footage（闭路电视镜头）. They could also help police spot bad guys or even missing people in crowds.A. However, studies have found a small number of people have amazing face recognition skills.页17B. Researchers have tried to find how certain people are so good at recognizing faces.C. It is also found that these people are not particularly smarter than others.D. It is unknown how many people truly have these skills.E. For instance, the skills could be very useful at a passport control checkpoint.F. Many super recognizers say they are good at spotting faces in a crowd. 第II卷（共27分）I. Translation 12% (2+3+3+4)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.42. 经常锻炼，你会受益匪浅的。

【优质文档】上海市浦东新区2017-2018学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题+Word版含答案

上海市浦东新区2017-2018学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（本试卷满分100分。

考试时间90分钟）第I卷（共73分）I. Listening Comprehension 20%Section A 10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Repairing the radio. B. Listening to the broadcastC. Chatting with friends.D. Playing cards.2. A. In a hospital. B. At a bank.C. In a restaurant.D. At a post office.3. A. One was probably sold out. B. One was not interesting.C. One was too old.D. One was too expensive.4. A. Teacher and student. B. Customer and boss.C. Doctor and patient.D. Husband and wife.5. A. About 7:15. B. About 7:30. C. About 7:45. D. About 8:00.6. A. It’s excellent. B. It is not much better than others.C. It isn’t great.D. It is the greatest.7. A. The man should learn to slow down. B. The man is always late.C. They should slow down.D. They aren’t going to be on time.8. A. Liz is on business tour. B. Ted takes Liz for a holiday.C. Ted is gone for a holiday.D. Ted usually gives Liz a ride.9. A. She will type it next time.B. She would rather work on it.C. It took her an entire week to type it.D. She isn't quite satisfied with it.10. A. The woman really doesn’t know.B. The weather won’t affect the result of the game.C. The team will lose the game.D. The team will be defeated because of the weather.Section B 10%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked two or three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To prepare to leave. B. To look out of the window.C. To pack a suitcase.D. To watch the TV news.12. A. Clothes. B. Diary.C. Pets.D. Wedding photos.13. A. Sunny. B. Rainy.C. Cloudy.D. Windy.Questions 14 through 15 are based on the following passage.14. A. Even your friend can’t buy alcohol for you in England.B. The traffic in England keeps to the left.C. Dropping litter in the street is not allowed.D. Anyone under 16 years of age mustn’t buy cigarettes or tobacco.15. A. To prepare people for international travel.B. To carry out the laws of different kinds.C. To give advice to travels to England.D. To tell people the punishment for breaking laws.II. Grammar and Vocabulary 19%Section A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Steel, concrete（混凝土）and glass are common materials in any skyscrapers. But more highbuildings are now using wood. In the last four years, Australia, Norway, England and Canada (16)______ (build) wooden skyscrapers. The latest one is in Sweden, (17) ______ new, 19-storey wooden hotel called “Sida vid Sida” (side by side).Why are wooden skyscrapers chosen ahead of concrete (18) ______?Wood (19) ______ (use) in many Chinese buildings for thousands of years, but is it strong enough for skyscrapers?“There are a whole bunch of new materials made out of wood (20) ______ are structurally able to build big buildings,” material expert Dr. Michael Ramage told CNN.Architects（建筑师）use woven（编制的）wood to make sure it is. They put layers of wood across one another coated with special glue (21) ______ (create) a very strong material.Wood also lasts a long time and doesn’t rot（腐烂的）(22) ______ it is well looked after. Many examples can be found, one of (23) ______ is the rooftops of Beijing’s Forbidden City.Ramage also said bamboo (24) ______ be cut in special ways to make it far (25) ______ (strong).Section B 9%Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.It is not unusual for us to gather with our nearest and dearest on the weekends. But do you know that holidays, much like relationships, can be “made, (26) ______ and broken” through conversations? Deborag Tannen, a Georgetown University linguistics（语言学）professor, believes so. She offers suggestions to improve communication at the holiday table and beyond. Let’s take a look.A round dining table is best for (27) ______ a lively conversation because everyone faces one another.Avoid (28) ______ grandparents at the ends of a rectangular table, even though it is the traditional place of honor. Elderly people may feel lonely there because they will be (29) ______ to hear or keep up with a conversation.Women prefer to face each other and make eye contact when they talk. Men might look aroundat other thi ngs. “Guys may be more relaxed keeping staring on the TV,” says Tannen. “They’ll still be (30) ______, though.”Be (31) ______ that people have different ways of talking. Each person has a different sense of tone, rhythm, timing and how long of a pause is normal in a conversation. Pay attention to people who seem left out. If you feel you are doing all the talking, hold back to give others a chance to join in. If you feel you aren’t getting a chance to speak, try pushing yourself to start talking before it seems natural or (32) ______.Some families find that gatherings go more (33) ______ if they participate in an outdoor activity. Going to a park for a walk may be more (34) ______ than sitting around chatting.III. Reading Comprehension 34%Section A 10%Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How many of you drink Cola? Nearly everybody. Did you know that cola started out not as a soft drink but as a cure for headache back in the late 1800’s? John S. Pamberton, a druggist from Atlanta, had experimented for many months trying to find a 35 for the common headache. He worked in his backyard, mixing and heating different mixtures of oils and flavors（香料）36 he found one that seemed to work well. Pamberton bottled the mixture and began selling it in drugstores as a concentrated（浓缩的）syrup（糖浆）that the customer had to 37 with water before drinking. The invention of Cola came about quite by accident. One day, a customer came into a drugstore complaining of a headache and 38 a bottle of cola syrup. He wanted to take it 39 . So he asked the clerk to mix the medicine while he waited. The clerk, 40 walking to the other end of the counter to get plain water, 41 mixing the syrup with soda water. The customer agreed, and after drinking it, 42 how good it tasted. The clerk continued offering the mixture and it grew in 43 . Today this kind of Cola is sold in most countries around the world. And although they no longer 44 the ingredients to kill headache, they are still very refreshing.35. A. reason B. mixture C. source D. remedy36. A. as B. until C. after D. since37. A. fill B. mix C. eat D. milk38. A. left for B. accounted for C. applied for D. asked for39. A. right away B. for nothing C. sooner or later D. back home40. A. in addition to B. instead of C. except for D. as well as41. A. admitted B. preferred C. suggested D. enjoyed42. A. told B. proved C. remarked D. wondered43. A. surprise B. popularity C. confusion D. history44. A. support B. provide C. ensure D. containSection B 16%Directions:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Another person’s enthusias m（热情）was what set me moving toward the success I have achieved. That person was my stepmother.I was nine years old when she entered our home in the countryside of Virginia. My father introduced me to her with these words: “I would like you to meet the fel low who is well known for being the worst boy in this county and will probably start throwing rocks at you no later than tomorrow morning.”My stepmother walked over to me, raised my head slightly upward, and looked at me right in the eye. Then she looked at my father and replied, “You are wrong. This is not the worst boy at all, but the smartest one who hasn’t yet found a way to give out his enthusiasm.”That statement began a friendship between us. No one had ever called me smart, My family and neighbors had built me up in my mind as a bad boy. My stepmother changed all that.She changed many things. She persuaded my father to go to a dental school, from which he graduated with honors. She moved our family into the county seat, where my father’s career cou ld be more successful and my brother and I could be better educated.When I turned fourteen, she bought me a secondhand typewriter and told me that she believed that I could become a writer. I knew her enthusiasm, and I saw how it had already improved our lives. I accepted her belief and began to write for local newspapers and finally reached the goal she set for me. I wasn’t the only beneficiary. My father became the wealthiest man in town. My brotherand stepbrothers became a physician, a dentist, a lawyer, and a college president.45. What does the author mean by “I wasn’t the only beneficiary”?A. His stepmother bought typewriters for other family members, too.B. Not only he but also his family gained from his stepmother’s enthusiasm.C. Other family me mbers’ enthusiasm has great effects on his stepmother.D. There were other boys who behaved as badly as he did.46. According to the author, ______ before his stepmother came into his life.A. his father had been away from home for a long timeB. people had noticed his intelligenceC. he knew how to release his enthusiasm properlyD. he was considered a rude boy with wild behaviors47. The author’s stepmother did all the following EXCEPT ______.A. giving some writing lessons to him at homeB. moving the family into the centre of the countyC. planning the future for each family memberD. praising him from the bottom of her heart48. Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?A. Enthusiasm, a Source of AuthorityB. Enthusiasm, a Gift from my FatherC. Enthusiasm, a Trend in FamiliesD. Enthusiasm, a Power for Success(B)Family fights are never pleasant. Whether you are dealing with a loud sister or a stubborn mom or dad, the situation can be bad. At least that’s what we have learned to e xpect.What if it could be different? What if family fights and conflicts could be turned into opportunities to become closer? What if problems could be solved with everyone walking away feeling more deeply cared for and loved?Family fighting is, on one level, about power. Someone is telling someone else what to do. In a short moment, emotions can be brought out and the fight is on. You can go down that old road or you can try something different.In any fight, you have a need to be listened to and understood. People raise their voices and shout at each other because they’re not being listened to. It’s totally unconscious. You want your mom or dad to listen and understand. But you always seems to forget the person you’re fighting with has the same need to be listened to. So if you can put aside your need for a few minutes, the situation will change quickly. Give the other person some time to express his or her feelings, and you will earn your turn to be listened to.And while you are listening, you have to listen for the right information. The best way to do this in emotional situations is to forget most of the words because many people can’t express what they are feeling with words alone, especially when they are upset.But if the situation starts to get out of hand, it would be wise to just calm down and leave the problem until later because many fights happen at the wrong time. The situation will die down quickly, usually in less than 30 seconds. You can either move on to problem solving or reach an agreement to work on it at a better time.This way, everyone will feel respected and listened to, even when there is conflict. Emotions will be understood and respected, and it will bring your family closer together.49. From the first 3 paragraphs, we can conclude that ______.A. people had better avoid family fights.B. family members fight to control each otherC. family fights can be changed into something positiveD. when family members fight, it’s worse as they know each other’s weakness50. In the author’s opinion, the key to dealing with family fights is to ______.A. satisfy the need to be listened to firstB. make sure that you’re the first to be listened toC. pay no attention to what others say in emotional situationsD. stop quarrelling when you feel you are giving orders51. When the situation gets out of control, it’s best to ______.A. wait for a suitable moment to speakB. let the other person express their feelingsC. work on a written agreement firstD. move on to problem solving52. The main purpose of this article is to ______.A. tell readers that family fights are not that badB. teach reader how to listen in family fightsC. remind readers to show respect in family fightsD. give advice on dealing with family fightsSection C 8%Directions:Choose from the sentences A-F to complete the passage. There are two extra sentences which you do not need to use.It should be easy for you to recognize faces of your family and friends. But can you remember faces that you’ve only seen once? You might think it is very difficult.53 . They are the so-called “super recognizers”, who can remember at least 80 percent of the faces they’ve seen.54 . But studies shows that at least one person in every 50 is a super recognizer, reported the Daily Mail.Bournemouth University in the UK recently carried out research trying to find whether super recognizers have a different way to process faces. They have found that when these people look at faces, they spend more time looking at the person’s nose. 55 . Their super ability is limited to only to recognizing faces.Another important finding is that there are subtypes（子类型）of super recognition. Some super recognizers never forget faces. But for some, if you present a pair of faces to them at the same time, they can quickly decide whether the faces are of the same person or two different people.These subtypes of super recognition could be applied to many areas of life. 56 . Super recognizers could help match faces in CCTV footage（闭路电视镜头）. They could also help police spot bad guys or even missing people in crowds.第II卷（共27分）I. Translation 12% (2+3+3+4)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 经常锻炼，你会受益匪浅的。

【全国区级联考】上海市浦东新区2017-2018学年高一上学期期末考试语文试题(解析版)

浦东新区2017学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测高一语文试卷积累应用1. 按要求填空。

（1）怅寥廓，_______，谁主沉浮。

（毛泽东《沁园春•长沙》）（2）_____________，长河落日圆。

（王维《使至塞上》）（3）陶渊明《饮酒》中与“可意会，不可言传”意思相同的诗句是：_______，________。

【答案】(1). 问苍茫大地(2). 大漠孤烟直(3). 此中有真意(4). 欲辨已忘言【解析】试题分析：本题考查名句名篇默写能力，采用的是句子式默写和情景式默写相结合的题型，解答时既要注意所给句子的出处及作者，还要注意题干中给出的提示，准确书写出答案。

本题要注意下列字的正确写法：苍茫、漠、孤、辨。

按要求选择。

2. 下列句子中，加点的传统礼貌用语表述正确的一句是A. 你的文稿，我已看了，对其中不妥当的几处，我斗胆加以斧正．．。

B. 探望朋友，可以说，“特意来看您”，也可以说“特意光临寒舍．．．．”。

C. 我们家家教很严，令尊．．常常告诫我们，到社会上要清清白白做人D. 令郎．．不愧是丹青世家子弟，他画的马无不惟妙惟肖、栩栩如生。

【答案】D【解析】试题分析：A项，斧正：敬辞，请人修改自己的文章，这里用于自己修改别人的文章，不得体。

B 项，光临寒舍：“寒舍”，谦称自己的家；“光临寒舍”，用于主人欢迎别人到自己家来。

这里用于自己到别人家去，不得体。

C项，令尊：敬词，尊称对方的父亲。

这里用来称自己的父亲，不得体。

点睛：本题考查语言表达得体的能力，这类题目命题往往着眼于：①依据语境，用语准确句式恰当；②看准对象，用语讲究分寸；③适应场合，巧妙用语；④把握语体，既要注意区分书面语和口语，还要注意区分各类文章的语体要求，如书信、公文、广播稿等等。

因此学生在平时学习和复习中要注意积累并能够正确使用生活中常见的谦敬词语，解答时一定要考虑交际场合、对象和目的。

现代文阅读阅读下文，完成下面小题。

①任何一种艺术样式都以其特定的审美范式与民族心理契合。

【上海市重点中学】2017-2018学年周浦中学高一上英语期末考试试卷及参考答案

2017学年第一学期期末质量检测高二英语试卷Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10%)Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given words. For the other blanks. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.In two days, it will be Christmas, children all over world(1)_____(look)forward to this day for weeks. People celebrate Christmas with food, decorations, music and more. But for many people , gift-giving is the most exciting part of the holiday.I have fond memories of Christmas shopping with my family as a child. I enjoyed the challenge of keeping my parents’ gifts a secret. It was hard to buy gifts right(2)____their noses without them seeing. Everyone placed(3)_____(wrap) gifts under the Christmas tree until Christmas morning,(4)______we opened them.Picking a great gift require (5)______(know) the person you’re giving it to. You need to know the person’s tastes and find something the person doesn’t already have. This can be quite a big challenge . Often it’s wise to provide a receipt (6)______ _________the person needs to exchange the gift.1The best gifts are personal . Many Americans don’t feel money constitutes a good gift(7)_______it doesn’t require any thought. They prefer something chosen just for the person. If the gift is a high-quality homemade gift, that’s even better.Gift-giving reflects the reason(8)______ people celebrate Christmas. Christians in particular remember the birth of Jesus. When he was born, wise men traveled many miles to visit him,(9)________(bring) expensive gifts. Bu t the greatest gift wasn’t from the wise man, but from God-----the baby Jesus. God gave this gift because everyone needed it. We needed God to forgive our bad actions so that we (10)______ live forever with him. So on Christmas we give presents to imitate God’s action of giving the perfect gift..【题型】语法填空【年份】2017年【难度】中等1.【解析】考查的是谓语时态和语态，根据关键词for weeks及句意可知这几周孩子们一直在期待圣诞节的到来，故填look的现在进行时have been looking.2 【解析】考查的是介词，3.【解析】考查的是时态语态中的非谓语，根据句意，礼物是被包装好的，故填过去分词wrapped做定语。

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