2004年5月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案
2004年5月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案Section 1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）（60 point）This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 100 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）The first outline of The Ascent of Man was written in July 1969and the last foot of film was shot in December 1972. An undertaking as large as this, though wonderfully exhilarating, is not entered lightly. It demands an unflagging intellectual and physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be sure that I could sustain with pleasure; for instance, I had to put off researches that I had already begun; and I ought to explain what moved me to do so.There has been a deep change in the temper of science in the last20 years: the focus of attention has shifted from the physical to the life sciences. As a result, science is drawn more and more to the study of individuality. But the interested spectator is hardly aware yet how far-reaching the effect is in changing the image of man that science moulds. As a mathematician trained in physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series of lucky chances taken me into the life sciences in middle age.I owe a debt for the good fortune that carried me into two seminal fields of science in one lifetime; and though I do not know to whom the debt is due, I conceived The Ascent of Man in gratitude to repay it.The invitation to me from the British Broadcasting Corporation was to present the development of science in a series of television programmes to match those of Lord Clark on Civilisation. Television is an admirable medium- for exposition in several ways: powerful and immediate to the eye, able to take the spectator bodily into the places and processes that are described, and conversational enough to make him conscious that what he witnesses are not events but the actions of people. The last of these merits is to my mind the most cogent, and it weighed most with me in agreeing to cast a personal biography of ideas in the form of television essays. The point is that knowledge in general and science in particular does not consist of abstract but of man-made ideas, all the way from its beginnings to its modern and idiosyncratic models. Therefore the underlying concepts that unlock nature must be shown to arise early and in the simplest cultures of man from his basic and specific faculties. And the development of science which joins them in more and more complex conjunctionsmust be seen to be equally human: discoveries are made by men, not merely by minds, so that they are alive and charged with individuality. If television is not used to make these thoughts concrete, it is wasted.Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（30 points）Topic 1 （选题一）It's not that we are afraid of seeing him stumble, of scribbling a mustache over his career. Sure, the nice part of us wants Mike to know we appreciate him, that he still reigns, at least in our memory. The truth, though, is that we don't want him to come back because even for Michael Jordan, this would be an act of hubris so monumental as to make his trademark confidence twist into conceit. We don't want him back on the court because no one likes a show-off. The stumbling? That will be fun. But we are nice people, we Americans, with 225 years of optimism at our backs. Days ago when M.J. said he had made a decision about returning to the NBA in September, we got excited. He had said the day before, "I look forward to playing, and hopefully I can get to that point where I can make that decision. It's O.K., to have some doubt, and it's O.K. to have some nervousness." A Time/CNN poll last week has Americans, 2 to 1, saying they would like him on the court ASAP. And only 21 percent thought that if he came back and just completely bombed, it would damage his legend. In fact only 28 percent think athletes should retire at their peak.Sources close to him tell Time that when Jordan first talked about a comeback with the Washington Wizards, the team Jordan co-owns and would play for, some of his trusted advisers privately tried to discourage him. "But they say if they try to stop him, it will only firm up his resolve," says an NBA source.The problem with Jordan's return is not only that he can't possibly live up to the storybook ending he gave up in 1998 - earning his sixth ring with a last-second championship-winning shot. The problem is that the motives for coming back - needing the attention, needing to play even when his 38-year-old body does not - violate the very myth of Jordan, the myth of absolute control. Babe Ruth, the 20th century's first star, was a gust of fat bravado and drunken talent, while Jordan ended the century by proving the elegance of resolve; Babe's pointing to the bleachers replaced by the charm of a backpedaling shoulder shrug. Jordan symbolized success by not sullying his brand with his politics, his opinion or superstar personality. To be a Jordan fan was to be a fan of classiness and confidence.To come back when he knows that playing for Wizards won't get him anywhere near the second round of the play-offs, when he knows that he won't be the league scoring leader, that's a loss of control.Jordan does not care what we think. Friends say that he takes articles that tellhim not to come back and tacks them all on his refrigerator as inspiration. So why bother writing something telling him not to come back? He is still Michael Jordan. Topic 2 （选题二）Even after I was too grown-up to play that game and too grown-up to tell my mother that I loved her, I still believed I was the best daughter. Didn't I run all the way up to the terrace to check on the drying mango pickles whenever she asked?As I entered my teens, it seemed that I was becoming an even better, more loving daughter. Didn't I drop whatever I was doing each afternoon to go to the corner grocery to pick up any spices my mother had run out of?My mother, on the other hand, seemed more and more unloving to me. Some days she positively resembled a witch as she threatened to pack me off to my second uncle's home in provincial Barddhaman - a fate worse than death to a cool Calcutta girl like me - if my grades didn't improve. Other days she would sit me down and tell me about "Girls Who Brought Shame to Their Families". There were apparently, a million ways in which one could do this, and my mother was determined that I should be cautioned against every one of them. On principle, she disapproved of everything I wanted to do, from going to study in America to perming my hair, and her favorite phrase was "over my dead body." It was clear that I loved her far more than she loved me - that is, if she loved me at all.After I finished graduate school in America and got married, my relationship with my mother improved a great deal. Though occasionally dubious about my choice of a writing career, overall she thought I'd shaped up nicely. I thought the same about her. We established a rhythm: She'd write from India and give me all the gossip and send care packages with my favorite kind of mango pickle; I'd call her from the United States and tell her all the things I'd been up to and send care packages with instant vanilla pudding, for which she'd developed a great fondness. We loved each other equally - or so I believed until my first son, Anand, was born.My son's birth shook up my neat, organized, in-control adult existence in ways I hadn't imagined. I went through six weeks of being shrouded in an exhausted fog of postpartum depression. As my husband and I walked our wailing baby up and down through the night, and I seriously contemplated going AWOL, I wondered if I was cut out to be a mother at all. And mother love - what was that all about?Then one morning, as I was changing yet another diaper, Anand grinned up at me with his toothless gums. Hmm, I thought. This little brown scrawny thing is kind of cute after all. Things progressed rapidly from there. Before I knew it, I'd moved the extra bed into the baby's room and was spending many nights on it, bonding with my son.Section 2: Chinese- English Translation（汉译英）（40 point）This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2".Translation the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into English. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）奥林匹克运动的生命力和非凡魅力在于在奥林匹克运动中居核心地位的奥林匹克精神。
英语二级笔译5月真题+答案解析
英译汉 passage1Along a rugged, wide North Sea beach here on a recent day, children formed teams of eight to 10,taking their places beside mounds of sand carefully cordoned by tape. They had one hour for their sand castle competition. Some built fishlike structures, complete with scales. Others spent their time on elaborate ditch and dike labyrinths. Each castle was adorned on top with a white flag.近日，北海沿岸崎岖而宽广的海滩上，孩子们八人一组，十人一队，在用隔离带精心围起来的沙堆旁各就各位。
他们要在一个小时内完成堆沙堡的比赛。
有些人打造鱼形的主体建筑，再配上鳞片。
其余的人修建复杂的沟渠和迷宫式的堤坝。
每个沙堡的顶部都插有一面白旗。
1.“taking their places/ beside mounds of sand /carefully cordoned by tape.”这句话划分一下知道了大概意思是这些小朋友各就各位在自己的沙堆旁边，这些沙堆被隔离带精心的围着。
mound of [something]一堆某物A. noun警戒线to throw a cordon around [something]在某物周围设置警戒线B. transitive verbcordon off[cordon off something], [cordon something off]封锁4.ditchA. noun沟B. transitive verb①(get rid of)抛弃‹partner, friend›; 丢弃‹car, machinery›to ditch one's boyfriend甩掉男友②Aviation(crash-land)«pilot, crew» 使…在海上迫降‹plane›Then they watched the sea invade and devour their work, seeing whose castle could with stand the tide longest. The last standing flag won.然后，孩子们等待着大海涨潮，吞没沙堡，看谁的沙堡在潮水中持续的时间最久。
2004年5月口译二级实务真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2004年5月口译二级实务真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. English-Chinese Translation 2. Chinese-English TranslationPART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes)Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now let’s begin.1．下面你将听到一段有关非洲粮食安全问题的讲话。
I am pleased to welcome you to the United Nations for this first meeting of your contact group. Your focus on food security in Africa comes at a crucial time. The latest food crisis on the continent has brought home to us, more than ever before, the urgent need for a strategy to break the pattern of recurrent crises and bring about a Green Revolution in Africa. But achieving this will require radical approaches on multiple fronts. Africa has faced food crises in the past; it has faced deadly diseases; it has struggled to come to terms with governance challenges in states with limited capacity and resources. But rarely has the continent had to face the kind of intersecting challenges we see today. Today, Africa faces a deadly triad of related burdens—food insecurity, HIV/AIDS and an emaciated capacity to govern and provide services. We cannot find viable solutions to the challenge of food security unless we address the challenges of AIDS and governance at the same time. Food insecurity in Africa has structural causes. Most African farmers farm small plots of land that do not produce enough to meet the needs of their families. The problem is compounded by the farmers’lack of bargaining power and lack of access to land, finance and technology. This further weakens farmers’ability to withstand the impact of recurrent drought and the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic. Thirty million Africans now live with HIV, and the continent has borne the brunt of more than 20 million AIDS deaths worldwide. In some areas of Africa, more than 40 percent of the population is HIV-positive, and similar proportions are going hungry. The devastating impact of HIV/AIDS on food production—with seven million African farmers already dead—is only too obvious. Infection rates are rising among African women. The latest figures show that women make up 58 percent of Africans already infected. Because of AIDS, skills and knowledge are dying out rather than being passed from one generation to the next. Both at the household level and the government level, resources are being diverted from food production to health care. In turn, food shortages fuel the disease, through malnutrition, poverty and inequality. Clearly, breaking this destructive cycle poses a huge challenge to governance. It will require strong institutions, improved skills and innovative policies. But in an irony so typical of the age of AIDS, Africa’s ability to govern and to provide services is itself being stretched to breaking point by the disease. This interlocking set of issues facing Africa is far greater than the sum of its parts. Addressing the issue I have raised requires a new, integrated response from both the Governments of Africa and theinternational community. It requires a shift from short-term approaches to a reassessment of our entire strategy for development—or, taking long-term measures even when addressing short-term dies and gentlemen, The United Nations family is already joining forces to mount the coordinated effort needed. I hope you will work across the board with us, and with the Governments of Africa, in developing the range of revolutionary approaches we need to tackle the deadly triad and break the pattern of food crises in Africa. I opened my remarks with a message of despair; let me close with one hope. Yes, this is an unprecedented set of challenges. But your presence here today tells me that we have unprecedented consensus on the need to confront them. Together, we must mobilize the political will to succeed. Thank you very much.正确答案：欢迎各位来到联合国，参加本联络小组的第一次会议。
英语二级笔译综合能力试题及答案
2004年5月英语二级笔译综合能力试题及答案B. there is no intrinsic hierarchy of languagesC. all languages came from grunts and groansD. all languages are most severe and standard63. Most languages of uncivilized groups are ____.A. adequateB. numerousC. ingeniousD. ingenuous64. “Backward” languages fall behind Western languages in ____.A. ways to transfer ideasB. forms to satisfy needsC. abilities to answer descriptionD. systems to expand vocabulary 65. All languages, whether civilized or not, have their own ____.A. ways to transfer ideasB. forms to satisfy needsC. abilities to answer descriptionD. systems to expand vocabulary 66. Which of the following statements is implied in the passageA. Anthropologists have nothing to do with linguists.B. Linguists have nothing to do with anthropologists.C. The study of languages casts light upon the study of cultures.D. The study of cultures casts no light upon the study of languages.67. It is implied that all cultures have to be viewed ____.A. profoundlyB. intrinsicallyC. independentlyD. professionally68. According to this passage, to learn a foreign language would require one to ____. A. do more activities B. learn about a new cultureC. meet more peopleD. need more names69. The author’s attitude shown in this passage toward “backward” languages is ____. A. restrained B. subjective C. objective D. resolute70. This passage is on the whole ____.A. narrativeB. instructiveC. prescriptiveD. argumentativeQuestions 71 — 80 are based on the following passage.The field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks and charlatans — disreputable women and men with little or no medical knowledge who promise quick cures at cheap prices. The reasons why quackery thrives even in modern times areeasy to find.To begin with, pain seems to be a chronic human condition. A person whose body or mind “hurts” will often pay any amount of money for the promise of relief. Second, even the best medical treatment cannot cure all the ills that beset men and women. People who mistrust or dislike the truths that their physicians tell them often turn to more sympathetic ears.Many people lack the training necessary to evaluate medical claims. Given the choice between (a) a reputable physician who says a cure for cancer will be long, expensive and may not work at all, and (b) a salesperson who says that several bottles of a secret formula “snake oil” will cure not only can cer but tuberculosis as well, some individuals will opt for “snake oil”.Many “snake oil” remedies are highly laced with alcohol or narcotic drugs. Anyone who drinks them may get so drunk or stoned that they drown their pains in the rising tide of pleasant intoxication. Little wonder that “snake oil” is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts! But let there be no misunderstandings. A very few “home remedies” actually work. However, most remedies sold by quacks are not only useless, but often can be harmful as well.71. In this passage, a quack or a charlatan is someone who ____.A. has a special abilityB. has little knowledgeC. is not a good doctorD. pretends to be a doctor72. The sentence “pain seems to be a chronic human condition” means pain seems to ____.A. be very seriousB. be very difficultC. last for a long timeD. be always happening73. Quackery thrives even in modern times because ____.A. patients pay any amount of moneyB. patients do not like their physiciansC. quacks say that they can help patientsD. best medical treatment costs very much74. People who seek the advice of quacks and charlatans are those who ____.A. are poorly educatedB. are highly educatedC. dislike medical treatmentsD. mistrust physicians’ truths75. To evaluate medical claims, one must ____.A. turn to reputable doctorsB. make an adequate choiceC. have the necessary trainingD.. disbelieve promise of relief 76. According to the author, a very few home remedies are ____.A. uselessB. harmfulC. pleasantD. effective77. Which of the following statements is NOT trueA. Quacks are really sympathetic.B. “Snake oil” does not work.C. Doctors cannot cure all ills.D. Patients are often impatient. 78. Many individuals opt for “snake oil” because they ____.A. are misled by a secret formulaB. cannot afford a treatmentC. lack medical knowledgeD. do not trust physicians79. “Snake oil” is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts because it has ____. A. actually worked B. some fruit stonesC. been misunderstoodD. alcohol or narcotic drugs80. Which of the following would be the best title of this passageA. Distrust of PhysiciansB. Medical TreatmentC. Snake Oil RemediesD. Guard Against QuackeryQuestions 81 — 90 are based on the following passage.Modern industrial society grants little status to old people. In fact, such a society has a system of built-in obsolescence. There is no formal system for continuing our education throughout our life in order to keep up with rapidly changing knowledge. When our education and job skills have grown obsolete, we are treated exactly like those who have never gained an education or job skills and are not encouraged or given the opportunity to begin anew.As a society becomes more highly developed, the overall status of older people diminishes. Improved health technology creates a large pool of old people, whocompete for jobs with the young. However, economic technology lowers the demand for workers and creates new jobs for which the skills of the aged are obsolete, forcing older people into retirement. At the same time, young people are being educated in the new technology and are keeping pace with rapid changes in knowledge. Finally, urbanization creates age-segregated neighborhoods. Because the old live on fixed incomes, they must often live in inferior housing. All these factors —retirement, obsolete knowledge and skills, inferior standards of living —lower the status of the aged in society.A century ago, when one could expect to live only to 50 or so, the life span more or less coincided with the occupation and family cycle. But today the average life span allows for fifteen to twenty years of life after these cycles. It appears that our life span is outpacing our usefulness in society.81. By “a system of build-in obsolescence” the author means ___.A. no formal systems exist in modern industrial societyB. old people have no status in modern industrial societyC. young people have chances in modern industrial societyD. knowledge changes rapidly in modern industrial society82. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is trueA. People don’t have to gain education.B. People don’t have to learn job skills.C. People don’t have to be treated as equals.D. People do n’t have chances to begin anew.83. The more highly developed a society is, ____.A. the more advanced technology will beB. the larger the number of people will beC. the more diminished old people’s status will beD. the lower the overall status of the people will be84. The high development of economic technology ____.A. makes job skills out of fashionB. lowers the demand for workersC. forces old people into retirementD. creates new jobs for older people85. Which of the following statements is NOT trueA. Retired people could only live on fixed incomes.B. Retired people are more skillful than young people.C. Young people are educated in the new technology.D. Young people are keeping pace with rapid changes.86. According to this passage, the status of the aged is lowered by their ____.A. forced retirementB. inferior housingC. longer life spanD. fixed incomes87. The sentence “our life span outpaces our usefulness” means we can live longer ____.A. and make progressB. and do more workC. but move slowlyD. but become useless88. The author’s attitude toward the aged is ____.A. realisticB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. sympathetic89. It can be deduced from this passage that one should ____.A. learn new skillsB. be open-mindedC. have a good personalityD. keep pace with the times 90. Which of the following would be the best title for this passageA. The Problem of AgingB. Social StructuresC. Economic TechnologyD. Continuing EducationQuestions 91 — 100 are based on the following passage.When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit,with the alpha rhythm predominating for the first few minutes. This is the first stage of sleep. For the next 30 minutes or so, you will drift down through Stage 2 and Stage 3. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. About 40-60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will reach the last stage. Your brain waves will show the delta rhythm. You may think that you stay at this deep stage all the rest of the night, but that turns out not to be the case. About 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your activity cycle will increase slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of Rapid Eye Movements lasts for 8-15 minutes and is called REM sleep. During both light and deep sleep, the muscles in your body are relaxed but capable of movement. As you slip into REM sleep, a very odd thing occurs — most of the voluntary muscles in your body become paralyzed. Although your brain shows very rapid bursts of neural activity during REM sleep, your body is incapable of moving. REM sleep is accompanied by extensive muscular inhibition.91. On the part of an average sleeper, there ____ of sleep in cycles.A. is one stageB. are two stagesC. are six stagesD. are four stages92. When a person falls into the state of sleep, his ____.A. eyeballs will roll about a bitB. mind will relax more and moreC. breathing will slow for minutesD. temperature will increase slightly93. The lower your stage of sleep, ____.A. the faster your eyes will roll aboutB. the quieter your breath will becomeC. the slower your brain waves will beD. the higher your temperature will be94. After you have reached the deepest sleep, ____.A. you will stay at the fourth stage the rest of the nightB. you will lose your consciousness for 40-60 minutesC. your brain waves will show the delta rhythmD. your brain waves will show the alpha rhythm95. In the REM sleep, ____.A. the delta rhythm will disappearB. the activity pattern will appearC. something will occur in front of youD. your eyes will begin to dart around96. You will fall into the fourth stage of sleep ____.A. about 80 minutes after you fall into slumberB. some 10 minutes after you fall into REM sleepC. about 40 minutes after you lose consciousnessD. some 30 minutes after you brain waves slow97. The first paragraph of this passage tells us about ____.A. the rhythms of brain wavesB. the daily activities of sleepC. the stages of sleep in cyclesD. the daily activities in cycles 98. In this passage, the word “paralyzed” means unable to ____.A. moveB. thinkC. workD. speak99. The phrase “extensive muscular inhibition” means ____.A. the body is incapable of movementB. the muscles in the body are relaxedC. voluntary muscles are capable of movementD. the brain shows rapid burst of neural activity100. The best title for this passage would be ____.A. Brain WavesB. Sleep CyclesC. Daily ActivitiesD. Body ActivitiesSection 3: Cloze Test (25 points)In the following passage, there are 25 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 25 minutes.Some consumer researchers distinguish ____ (1) “rational” motives and “emotional” (or “non -rational”) motives. They use the term “rationality” ____ (2) the traditional economic sense that assumes ____ (3) consumers behave rationally when theycarefully consider all alternatives ____ (4) choose those that give them the greatest utility ., satisfaction). ____ (5) a marketing context, the term “rationality” implies that the consumer selects goods based ____ (6) totally objective criteria, such ____ (7) size, weight, price, and so on. “Emotional” motives imply the selection of goods ____ (8) to personal or subjective criteria — the desire ____ (9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.The assumption underlying this distinction is ____ (10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction, ____ (11), it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, ____ (12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based ____ (13) the individual’s own needs as ____ (14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear ____ (15) irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly ra tional ____ (16) the context of the consumer’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance on e’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. ____ (17) behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it ____ (18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. ____ (19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted. Some researchers go so far ____ (20) to suggest that emphasis ____ (21) “needs” obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously ____ (22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not ____ (23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences, ____ (24) what they perceive to be ____ (25) their own best interests.参考答案Section 1 共计 25分Part 1 共 20题,每题分,满分为 10分1. C2. D3. D4. B5. C6. C7. D8. A9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15.A 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. D 20. APart 2 共 15题,每题分,满分为分21. D 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. BA 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. D 35 .BPart 3 共 15题,每题分,满分为分36. A 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. D 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. D 48.A 49. C 50. DSection 2 共 50题,每题 1分,满分为 50分51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. D 56. C 57. B 58. B 59. D 60. B 61. A 62. B 63.C 64. B 65.D 66. C 67. C 68. B 69. C 70. B 71. D 72. D 73. C 74. D 75. C 76. D77. A 78. A 79. D 80. D 81. B 82. D 83. C 84. C 85. B 86. A 87. D 88. D 89. D 90. A 91. D 92. A 93. C 94. C 95. D 96. C 97. C 98. A 99. A 100. BSection 3 共 25题,每题 1分,满分为 25分(1)between (2) in (3) that (4) and (5) in(6) on/upon (7) as (8) according (9) for (10) that(11) However (12) in (13) on/upon (14) well (15) as(16) within (17) if (18) at (19) Therefore (20) as(21) on (22) to (23) from (24) or (25) in相关文档：••••••••••更多相关文档请访问：。
5月英语二级笔译实务试题及参考答案1
人事部翻译资格证书（CATTI）2004年5月英语二级《笔译实务》试题及参考答案Section 1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）（60 point）This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 100 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points）The first outline of The Ascent of Man was written in July 1969and the last foot of film was shot in December 1972. An undertaking as large as this, though wonderfully exhilarating, is not entered lightly. It demands an unflagging intellectual and physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be sure that I could sustain with pleasure; for instance, I had to put off researches that I had already begun; and I ought to explain what moved me to do so.There has been a deep change in the temper of science in the last20 years: the focus of attention has shifted from the physical to the life sciences. As a result, science is drawn more and more to the study of individuality. But the interested spectator is hardly aware yet how far-reaching the effect is in changing the image of man that science moulds. As a mathematician trained in physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series of lucky chances taken me into the life sciences in middle age. I owe a debt for the good fortune that carried me into two seminal fields of science in one lifetime; and though I do not know to whom the debt is due, I conceived The Ascent of Man in gratitude to repay it. The invitation to me from the British Broadcasting Corporation was to present the development of science in a series of television programmes to match those of Lord Clark on Civilisation. Television is an admirable medium- for exposition in several ways: powerful and immediate to the eye, able to take the spectator bodily into the places and processes that are described, and conversational enough to make him conscious that what he witnesses are not events but the actions of people. The last of these merits is to my mind the most cogent, and it weighed most with me in agreeing to cast a personal biography of ideas in the form of television essays. The point is that knowledge in general and science in particular does not consist of abstract but of man-made ideas, all the way from its beginnings to its modern and idiosyncratic models. Therefore the underlying concepts that unlock nature must be shown to arise early and in the simplest cultures of man from his basic and specific faculties. And the development of science which joins them in more and more complex conjunctions must be seen to be equally human: discoveries are made by men, not merely by minds, so that they are alive and charged with individuality. If television is not used to make these thoughts concrete, it is wasted.Part B Optional Translations （二选一题）（30 points）Topic 1 （选题一） It's not that we are afraid of seeing him stumble, of scribbling a mustache over his career. Sure, the nice part of us wants Mike to know we appreciate him, that he still reigns, at least in our memory. The truth, though, is that we don't want him to come back because even for Michael Jordan, this would be an act of hubris so monumental as to make his trademark confidence twistinto conceit. We don't want him back on the court because no one likes a show-off. The stumbling? That will be fun. But we are nice people, we Americans, with 225 years of optimism at our backs. Days ago when M.J. said he had made a decision about returning to the NBA in September, we got excited. He had said the day before, "I look forward to playing, and hopefully I can get to that point where I can make that decision. It's O.K., to have some doubt, and it's O.K. to have some nervousness." A Time/CNN poll last week has Americans, 2 to 1, saying they would like him on the court ASAP. And only 21 percent thought that if he came back and just completely bombed, it would damage his legend. In fact only 28 percent think athletes should retire at their peak. Sources close to him tell Time that when Jordan first talked about a comeback with the Washington Wizards, the team Jordan co-owns and would play for, some of his trusted advisers privately tried to discourage him. "But they say if they try to stop him, it will only firm up his resolve," says an NBA source. The problem with Jordan's return is not only that he can't possibly live up to the storybook ending he gave up in 1998 - earning his sixth ring with a last-second championship-winning shot. The problem is that the motives for coming back - needing the attention, needing to play even when his 38-year-old body does not - violate the very myth of Jordan, the myth of absolute control. Babe Ruth, the 20th century's first star, was a gust of fat bravado and drunken talent, while Jordan ended the century by proving the elegance of resolve; Babe's pointing to the bleachers replaced by the charm of a backpedaling shoulder shrug. Jordan symbolized success by not sullying his brand with his politics, his opinion or superstar personality. To be a Jordan fan was to be a fan of classiness and confidence. To come back when he knows that playing for Wizards won't get him anywhere near the second round of the play-offs, when he knows that he won't be the league scoring leader, that's a loss of control. Jordan does not care what we think. Friends say that he takes articles that tell him not to come back and tacks them all on his refrigerator as inspiration. So why bother writing something telling him not to come back? He is still Michael Jordan.Topic 2 （选题二） Even after I was too grown-up to play that game and too grown-up to tell my mother that I loved her, I still believed I was the best daughter. Didn't I run all the way up to the terrace to check on the drying mango pickles whenever she asked?As I entered my teens, it seemed that I was becoming an even better, more loving daughter. Didn't I drop whatever I was doing each afternoon to go to the corner grocery to pick up any spices my mother had run out of? My mother, on the other hand, seemed more and more unloving to me. Some days she positively resembled a witch as she threatened to pack me off to my second uncle's home in provincial Barddhaman - a fate worse than death to a cool Calcutta girl like me - if my grades didn't improve. Other days she would sit me down and tell me about "Girls Who Brought Shame to Their Families". There were apparently, a million ways in which one could do this, and my mother was determined that I should be cautioned against every one of them. On principle, she disapproved of everything I wanted to do, from going to study in America to perming my hair, and her favorite phrase was "over my dead body." It was clear that I loved her far more than she loved me - that is, if she loved me at all. After I finished graduate school in America and got married, my relationship with my mother improved a great deal. Though occasionally dubious about my choice of a writing career, overall she thought I'd shaped up nicely. I thought the same about her. We established a rhythm: She'd write from India and give me all the gossip and send care packages with my favorite kind of mango pickle; I'd call her from the United States and tell her all the things I'd been up to and send care packages with instant vanilla pudding, for which she'd developed a great fondness. We loved each other equally - or so I believed until my first son, Anand, was born. My son's birth shook up my neat, organized, in-control adult existence in ways I hadn't imagined. I went through six weeks of being shrouded in an exhausted fog of postpartum depression. As my husband and I walked our wailing baby up and down through the night, and I seriously contemplated going AWOL, I wondered if I was cut out to be a mother at all. And mother love - what was that all about? Then one morning, as I was changing yet another diaper, Anand grinned up at me with his toothless gums. Hmm, I thought. This little brown scrawny thing is kind of cute after all. Things progressed rapidly from there. Before I knew it, I'd moved the extra bed into the baby's room and was spending many nights on it, bonding with my son.Section 2: Chinese- English Translation（汉译英）（40 point）This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2".Translation the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into English. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation （必译题）（30 points） 奥林匹克运动的生命力和非凡魅力在于在奥林匹克运动中居核心地位的奥林匹克精神。
翻译资格考试二级笔译真题及答案
翻译资格考试二级笔译真题及答案【英译汉必译题】Milton Friedman, Free Markets Theorist, Dies at 94.Milton Friedman, the grandmaster of free-market economic theory in the postwar era and a prime force in the movement of nations toward less government and greater reliance on individual responsibility, died today in San Francisco, where he lived. He was 94.Conservative and liberal colleagues alike viewed Mr. Friedman, a Nobel prize laureate, as one of the 20th century’s leading economic scholars, on a par with giants like John Maynard Keynes and Paul Samuelson.Flying the flag of economic conservatism, Mr. Friedman led the postwar challenge to the hallowed theories of Lord Keynes, the British economist who maintained that governments had a duty to help capitalistic economies through periods of recession and to prevent boom times from exploding into high inflation.In Professor Friedman’s view, government had the opposite obligation: to keep its hands off the economy, to let the free market do its work.The only economic lever that Mr. Friedman would allow government to use was the one that controlled the supply of money — a monetarist view that had gone out of favor when he embraced it in the 1950s. He went on to record a signal achievement, predicting the unprecedented combination of rising unemployment and rising inflation that came to be called stagflation. His work earned him the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science in 1976.Rarely, his colleagues said, did anyone have such impact on both his own profession and on government. Though he never served officially in the halls of power,he was always around them, as an adviser and theorist.“Among economic scholars, Milton Friedman had no peer,” Ben S. Bernanke, the Federal Reserve chairman, said t oday. “The direct and indirect influences of his thinking on contemporary monetary economics would be difficult to overstate.”Alan Greenspan, the former Federal Reserve chairman, said of Mr. Friedman in an interview on Tuesday. “From a longer-term point of view, it’s his academic achievements which will have lasting import. But I would not dismiss the profound impact he has already had on the American public’s view.”Mr. Friedman had a gift for communicating complicated ideas in simple and lucid ways, and it served him well as the author or co-author of more than a dozen books, as a columnist for Newsweek from 1966 to 1983 and even as the star of a public television series.【英译汉二选一】试题1Panama goes to polls on upgrade for canalPANAMA CITY: V oters were expected Sunday to approve the largest modernization project in the 92-year history of the Panama Canal, a $5.25 billion plan to expand the waterway to allow for larger ships while alleviating traffic problems.The government of President Martín Torrijos has billed the referendum as historic, saying the work would double the capacity of a canal already on pace to generate about $1.4 billion in revenue this year. Critics claim the expansion would benefit the canal’s customers more than Panamanians, and worry that costs could balloon, forcing this debt- ridden country to borrow even more.The project would build a third set of locks on the Pacific and Atlantic ends of thecanal by 2015, allowing it to handle modern container ships, cruise liners and tankers too large for its locks, which are 33 meters, or 108 feet, wide.The Panama Canal Authority, the autonomous government agency that runs the canal, says the project would be paid for by increasing tolls and would generate $6 billion in revenue by 2025.There is nothing Panamanians are more passionate about than the canal.“It’s incomparable in the hemisphere,” said Samuel Lewis Navarro, the country’s vice president and foreign secretary. “It’s in our heart, part of our soul.”Public opinion polls indicate that the plan would be approved overwhelmingly. Green and white signs throughout the country read “Yes for our children,” while tens of thousands of billboards and bumper stickers trumpet new jobs.“The canal needs you,” television and radio ads implore.“It will mean more boats, and that means more jobs,” said Damasco Polanco, who was herding cows on horseback in Nuevo Provedencia, on the banks of Lake Gatún, an artificial reservoir that supplies water to the canal.The canal employs 8,000 workers and the expansion is expected to generate as many as 40,000 new jobs. Unemployment in Panama is 9.5 percent, and 40 percent of the country lives in poverty.But critics fear that the expansion could cost nearly double the government’s estimate, as well as stoke corruption and uncontrolled debt.“The poor continue to suffer while the rich get richer,” said José Felix Castillo, 62, a high school teacher who was one of about 3,000 supporters who took to Panama City’s streets to protest the measure on Friday.Lewis Navarro noted that a portion of the revenue generated by each ton of cargothat passes through the waterway goes to education and social programs.“We aren’t talking about 40 percent poverty as a consequence of the canal,” he said. “It’s exactly the opposite.”【汉译英】【试题一】旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。
5月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案
2006年5月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及解答第一部分英译汉必译题For all the natural and man-made disasters of the past year, travelers seem more determined than ever to leave home.Never mind the tsunami devastation in Asia last December, the recent earthquake in Kashmir or the suicide bombings this year in London and Bali, among other places on or off the tourist trail. The number of leisure travelers visiting tourist destinations hit by trouble has in some cases bounced back to a level higher than before disaster struck."This new fast recovery of tourism we are observing is kind of strange," said John Koldowski, director for the Strategic Intelligence Center of the Bangkok-based Pacific Asia Travel Association. "It makes you think about the adage that any publicity is good publicity."It is still too soon to compile year-on-year statistics for the disasters of the past 12 months,but travel industry experts say that the broad trends are already clear. Leisure travel isexpected to increase by nearly 5 percent this year, according to the World Tourism and Travel Council.Tourism and travel now seem to bounce back faster and higher each time there is an event of this sort," said Ufi Ibrahim, vice president of the London-based World Tourism and Travel Council. For London, where suicide bombers killed 56 and wounded 700 on July 8, she said, "It was almost as if people who stayed away after the bomb attack then decided to come back twice."Early indicators show that the same holds true for other disaster-struck destinations. Statistics compiled by the Pacific Asia Travel Association, for example, show that monthly visitor arrivals in Sri Lanka, where the Dec. 26, 2004, tsunami left more than 30,000 people dead or missing, were higher than one year earlier for every month from March through August of this year.A case commonly cited by travel professionals as an early example of the trend is Bali, where 202 people were killed in bombings targeting Western tourists in October 2002. Visitor arrivals plunged to 993,000 for the year after the bombing, but bounced back to 1.46 million in 2004, a level higher than the two years before the bomb, according to the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Even among Australians, who suffered the worst casualties in the Bali bombings, the number of Bali-bound visitors bounced back within two years to the highest level since 1998, according the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Bali was hit again this year by suicide bombers who killed 19 people in explosions at three restaurants.Visits are also on the upswing to post-tsunami Thailand, where the giant waves killed 5,400 and left more than 5,000 missing.Although the tsunami killed more than 500 Swedes on the Thai resort island of Phuket, thelargest number of any foreign nationality to die, Swedes are returning to the island in largernumbers than last year, according to My Travel Sweden, a Stockholm-based group that sends600,000 tourists overseas annually and claims a 28 percent market share for Sweden."We were confident that Thailand would eventually bounce back as a destination, but we didn"t think that this year it would come back even stronger than last year," said Joakim Eriksson, director of communication for My Travel Sweden. "We were very surprised because we really expected a significant decline."Eriksson said My Travel now expects a 5 percent increase in visitors to both Thailand andSri Lanka this season compared with the same season last year. This behavior is a sharp changefrom the patterns of the 1990s, Eriksson said."During the first Gulf war we saw a sharp drop in travel as a whole, and the same after Sept. 11," Eriksson said. "Now the main impact of terrorism or disasters is a change in destination."参照译文：尽管过去的一年天灾人祸不断，但这丝毫没有影响人们出游的兴致，出游意愿空前高涨。
英语二2004年考研真题
英语二2004年考研真题随着全球化的发展和各国交流的增加，英语已经成为了国际间的通用语言。
因此，英语能力对于人们的职业发展和国际交流至关重要。
英语二是考研中的一门英语考试科目，下面我们将对2004年的英语二考研真题进行分析和解答。
Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Through all the long years of their history, the Dutch have been pioneers of a kind, entering new lands to live off what they could grow, rear or catch. But with more than four-fifths of the Netherlands reclaimed from the sea, the Dutch leaders are once again looking overseas for ways to satisfy their people’s needs. The result may be a new chapter in Dutch history, today’s Food Valley, a network of high-tech companies, food institutions and research institutes extending outwards from the Wageningen Agricultural University, near the Rhine between Amsterdam and Arnhem.The attraction for foreign investors lies in the sheer (全部的) concentration of centres of expertise linked to food and food production. “The Food Valley area is unique in Europe, with all the knowledge chain in place, from lab (实验室) to plate (盘子). We have everything here. We produce our own knowledge and can do it quickly,” says Willem Bettink, the director of Food Valley. “We’ve got a lot of good things going on here and they are being well publicized.”At the heart of the Food Valley is the Wageningen Agricultural University, with links to companies and research institutes worldwide. Established in 1918, it was originally set up to train agricultural scientists for Dutch plantations in the East Indies, but the focus quickly changed when the East Indies gained independence in 1945. The university is now a leading centre of agricultural research and knowledge transfer. In the post-war years, as Europe was coming to terms with the consequences of the war, it was decided that food production and self-sufficiency in food w as of the nation’s strategic importance. With the Cold War, fear of trade disruption and, since then, fears of over reliance on food imports have been a constant worry.As one of Holland’s top institutions, Wageningen University has an international reputation equal to that of Oxford or Cambridge. The university currently has 5,000 students and 2,000 researchers. Little wonder then that among people in the food industry, the Netherlands is often listed alongside Denmark and Switzerland as one of the world’s top food-exporting countries in terms of its share of GDP, the quality and variety of what it produces, and the international link between researchers and entrepreneurs.1. What does the author mean by saying “the Dutch have been pioneers of a kind” (Line 1)A) The Dutch are a kind of pioneers.B) The Dutch have pioneered new ways of living.C) The Dutch are the ancestors of pioneers.D) The Dutch have been doing pioneering work.2. What does the author say about the Netherlands in the first paragraph? (Lines 2-4)A) The Netherlands has a long history of living off of the land.B) The Netherlands has recently begun to satisfy its own needs.C) The Netherlands is looking overseas for ways to make more land.D) The Netherlands is a country of pioneers.3. According to the passage, what is the Food Valley area in the Netherlands? (Lines 8-9)A) It is a place in the Netherlands with a lot of food.B) It is a place where the Netherlands grows all of its own food.C) It is a place where the Netherlands produces and studies food.D) It is a place where the Netherlands and other countries have linked up.4. How does the director of Food Valley describe his institutions? (Lines 10-12)A) As a leading provider of food in Europe.B) As the best lab in Europe.C) As a useful place to buy food.D) As having everything needed to study food.5. According to the passage, why was the Wageningen University originally set up? (Lines 16-18)A) To grow food for Dutch people.B) To train people to grow food in Dutch plantations.C) To train people to grow food in the East Indies.D) To train people to study agriculture.解析1. D) The Dutch have been doing pioneering work.通过历史可以看出，荷兰人做了一些先驱性的工作，到新的土地上生活，靠自己种植、养殖或捕捞。
CATTI2004年5月英语二级笔译综合能力试题及答案
CATTI2004年5月英语二级笔译综合能力试题及答案试题部分：Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes.Part 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. The explanation given by the manager yesterday was not at all _____ to us.A. satisfyB. satisfiedC. satisfactoryD. satisfying2. Part of the funds will be used to _____ that old library to its original splendor.A. restB. recoverC. replaceD. restore3. This silk has gone right _____ and we have not sold a single piece of it for weeks.A. out of fadB. out of patternC. out of customD. out of fashion4. The new Personal Digital Assistance contained a large _____ of information about an individual life.A. dealB. amountC. numberD. account5. Primitive superstitions that feed racism should be _____ through education.A. ignoredB. exaltedC. eradicatedD. canceled6. _____ pollution control measures are expensive, many local governments hesitate to adopt them.A. AlthoughB. HoweverC. BecauseD. Moreover7. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, _____ to the body.A. the stress it is greaterB. greater is the stressC. greater stress isD. the greater the stress8. Annie Jump Cannon, _____ discovered so many stars that she was called “the census taker of the sky.”A. a leading astronomer,B. who, as a leading astronomer,C. was a leading astronomer,D. a leading astronomer who9. Kingdom of Wonders, _____ in 1995 in Fremont, Calif., became an industry legend for two toys: a talking bear and a ray-gun game.A. findB. foundC. foundedD. founding10. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event _____ is equal to the probability that it will not occur.A. occurringB. to occurC. occursD. occur11. Only one-fifth of Americans saw oil as the chief reason that the U.S. madea war on Iraq, but 75 percent of the French and of the Russians believed_____.A. toB. soC. goD. do12. Sadly, while the academic industry thrives, the practice of translation continues to _____.A. stackB. stageC. stagnateD. stamp13. Your blunt treatment of disputes would put other people in a negative frame of _____, with the result that they would not be able to accept your proposal.A. mindB. ideaC. intentionD. wish14. If you are an energetic person with strong views as to the right way of doing things, you find yourself _____ under pressures.A. variablyB. invariablyC. invaluablyD. invalidly15. Uncle Vernon, quite unlike Harry Potter who looked nothing like the rest of the family, was large, very fat, and _____, with an enormous black mustache.A. neck-lessB. neck-laceC. recklessD. rack-less16. Home to _____ and gangsters, officials and laborers, refugees and artists, the city was, in its prime, a metropolis that exhibited all the hues of the human character.A. magnatesB. magnetsC. machinesD. magnitudes17. His _____ behavior made everyone nervous. He was always rushing to open doors and perform other small tasks, apologizing unnecessarily for any inconvenience that he might have caused.A. obliviousB. observantC. obsequiousD. obsolescent18. He was completely __________ by her tale of hardship.A. taken awayB. taken downC. taken inD. taken up19. Americans who consider themselves _____ in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful.A. pedestrianB. penchantC. patriarchD. patriotic20. As technological advances put more and more time between early school life and the young person's final access to specialized work, the stage of_____ becomes an even more marked and conscious period.A. adolescenceB. adjacencyC. advantageD. adventurePart 2 Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. That boy is suffering from unrequited love and pines away.A. ferventB. obsessiveC. secretD. unreturned22. For a long time in that vast region, this law was in abeyance.A. in active useB. in doubtC. in discussionD. in disuse23. A court-martial has but recently decided to acquit him.A. declare he is not guiltyB. pardon himC. condemn himD. persecute him24. There are more people who are obese today than 20 years ago.A. gainfully employedB. upwardly mobileC. excessively overweightD. privately educated25. As a conductor, Leonard Bernstein is famous for his intensely vigorous and exuberant style.A. enthusiasticB. nervousC. painfulD. extreme26. When insects feed on decaying plant material in a compost pile, they help turn it into useful garden soil.A. availableB. organicC. distastefulD. decomposing27. Researchers have discovered that dolphins are able to mimic human speech.A. importB. imitateC. impairD. humor28. The dichotomy postulated by many between idealism and realism is one of the standard clichés of the ongoing debate over international affairs.A. division into two partsB. combination of two partsC. disparityD. contradiction29. Attempts have been made for nearly three decades to increase the amount of precipitation from clouds by seeding them with salt or silver iodide.A. DevicesB. HypothesesC. EffortsD. Suggestions30. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses.A. supremacyB. authorityC. guidanceD. obedience31. The feeling of competition among the students in all the classrooms where the test was going on was noticeable to everyone.A. discordB. discoveryC. rivalryD. cooperation32. The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church, the biggest in the country.A. archaicB. sentimentalC. outstandingD. entire33. Many of the electric and electronic products we purchase and consume today are what some industrial experts call “homogeneous toys.”A. identicalB. homosexualC. unrelatedD. distinguishable34. Anthropologist Barbara Myerhoff furthered her reputation as an authority on Native American culture with her study of the symbols, myths, and rituals of the Huichol people.A. deservedB. retainedC. renewedD. advanced35. This reflects the priority being attached to economic over political activity, partly caused by a growing reluctance to enter a calling blighted by relentless publicity that all too often ends in destroying careers and reputations.A. powerfulnessB. unwillingnessC. renaissanceD. apologeticnessPart 3 Error CorrectionThis part consists of 15 sentences in which there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.36. An epigram is usually defined being a bright or witty thought that is tersely andingeniously expressed.A. asB. as beC. as beenD. to being37. Upon completing his examination over the patient, the doctor offered his judgment of her conditions.A. ofB. offC. aboutD. around38. If they spend some time on Chinese history, they will be more able to predict China’s future.A. moreB. be ableC. betterD. better able39. When she returned back by abroad, she told us all about her experience as an illegal immigrant.A. byB. backC. fromD. back from40. He was looking impatient at the visiting salesman, who showed no signs of getting ready to leave.A. patientB. patienceC. impatienceD. impatiently41. The recent conference on the effective use of the seas and oceans was another attempt resolving major differences among countries with conflicting interests.A. resolveB. resolvesC. to resolveD. being resolved42. Life insurance, before available only to young, healthy persons, can now be obtained for old people, and even for pets.A. before young, healthy persons available only,B. available only to young, healthy persons before,C. available only to persons young, but more healthy,D. before young and healthy persons only available to,43. Following a year of fast development, by the first quarter of this year, China has had about 1,100 e-commerce websites.A. China had about 1,100 e-commerce websites by the end of last MarchB. by the end of the first quarter of this year, China has had about 1,100e-commerce websitesC. by the end of this recent past March, China has about 1,100 e-commerce websitesD. by the end of this first quarter, China had about 1,100 or so e-commerce websites44. Sino-foreign educational program on business is popular in China now, and the demand for high level interpretation is great.A. programs in enterprises / high level interpretersB. programs in international business / senior interpretersC. program in international biz / senior interpretationsD. programs of business / high-level interpretations45. Many students agreed to come, but some students against because they said they don’t have time.A. were against because they said they did notB. were against because they say they don’tC. were against it because they said they did notD. were agains t coming because they said they don’t46. While it is essential that the text covers the subject adequately, it is also important that it is neither too detailed or too complex for the intended reader.A. forB. norC. noD. not47. Consumer porcelains in Jingdezhen are not selling well in export market as compared with those made in Liling, Hunan Province and Zibo, Shandong Province.A. on export marketB. in exporting marketC. in exported marketD. in the export market48. It is a market which sales value might be more than 10 billion yuan.A. a market with a sales value that might beB. a market which might be sales valueC. a market with sale value might beD. market with sales might be a value49. As an English major student, I think business English is more practical than other fields.A. a English student / fieldB. a English major student / regionsC. an English major / coursesD. an English student major /sciences50. We should let more young parents and their children can enjoy scientific early education.A. provide more young parents and their children to enjoy early educationB. provide more young parents and their children to enjoy early education and scientificC. provide young parents and their children enjoy more scientific early educationD. provide young parents and their children with more early education services Section 2: Reading Comprehension (50 points)In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoringANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 70 minutes.Questions 51－60 are based on the following passage.Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’s most powerful protection against deviance, in th at the individual’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regulates the manner in which deviants are treated.51. Social control refers to processes by which .A. norms are developedB. norms are enforcedC. people are educated and trainedD. people are rewarded and punished52. Every society has its own .A. planned systemsB. controlled normsC. recognized boundaryD. established sanctions53. Informal mechanisms of social control include the following except .A. a high level of interest in ensuring conformityB. expression of disapproval by significant othersC. withholding of positive rewards for the deviantsD. people’s internalization of norms in socialization54. The most powerful protection against deviance is .A. negative sanctionsB. severe punishmentsC. the individual’s conscienceD. unrestrained suppression55. Formal agents of social control include the following except .A. police stationsB. mental hospitalsC. welfare agenciesD. vocational schools56. The purpose of formal agents is .A. to make beneficial rulesB. to preserve social ordersC. to control violation of normsD. to define acceptable behavior57. Which statement about social control agents is not true?A. They tend to serve the interest of those who enforce the norms.B. They tend to serve the interest of those who receive a benefit.C. They tend to serve the interest of those who make the rules.D. They tend to serve the interest of those who are powerful.58. According to conflict theorists, social control agents and systems are .A. liberalB. partialC. neutralD. overall59. In the third paragraph, “a dual function” refers to .A. formal and informB. rewards and penaltiesC. approval and disapprovalD. clarification and regulation60. The perspective from which the author discusses social control is .A. biologicalB. sociologicalC. psychologicalD. anthropologicalQuestions 61－70 are based on the following passage.Every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to be noted. First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from the West, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merel y between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”). But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what isclose to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.61. Every group of human beings .A. has its own set of ideas, beliefs and ways of lifeB. has an extremely complex and delicate languageC. has its own elegant music, literature, and other artsD. has the process of growing crops or raising animals62. To the professional linguists, .A. there is no intrinsic superiority of culturesB. there is no intrinsic hierarchy of languagesC. all languages came from grunts and groansD. all languages are most severe and standard63. Most languages of uncivilized groups are .A. adequateB. numerousC. ingeniousD. ingenuous64. “Backward” languages fall behind Western languages in .A. structuresB. vocabulariesC. written formsD. sound patterns65. All languages, whether civilized or not, have .A. their own ways to transfer ideasB. their own forms to satisfy needsC. their own abilities to answer descriptionD. their own systems to expand vocabulary66. Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?A. Anthropologists have nothing to do with linguists.B. Linguists have nothing to do with anthropologists.C. The study of languages casts light upon the study of cultures.D. The study of cultures casts no light upon the study of languages.67. It is implied that all cultures have to be viewed .A. profoundlyB. intrinsicallyC. independentlyD. professionally68. According to this passage, to learn a foreign language would require one .A. to do more activitiesB. to learn about a new cultureC. to meet more peopleD. to need more names69. The author’s attitude shown in this passage toward “backward” languages is .A. restrainedB. subjectiveC. objectiveD. resolute70. This passage is on the whole .A. narrativeB. instructiveC. prescriptiveD. argumentativeQuestions 71－80 are based on the following passage.The field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks and charlatans — disreputable women and men with little or no medical knowledge who promise quick cures at cheap prices. The reasons why quackery thrives even in modern times are easy to find. To begin with, pain seems to be a chronic human condition. A person whose body or mind “hurts” will often pay any amount of money for the promise of relief. Second, even the best medical treatment cannot cure all the ills that beset men and women. People who mistrust or dislike the truths that their physicians tell them often turn to more sympathetic ears.Many people lack the training necessary to evaluate medical claims. Given the choice between (a) a reputable physician who says a cure for cancer will be long, expensive and may not work at all, and (b) a salesperson who says that several bottles of a secret formula “snake oil” will cure not only cancer but tuberculosis as well, some individuals will opt for “snake oil”.Many “snake oil” remedies are h ighly laced with alcohol or narcotic drugs. Anyone who drinks them may get so drunk or stoned that they drown their pains in the rising tide of pleasant intoxication. Little wonder that “snake oil” is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts! But let there be no misunderstandings. A very few “home remedies” actually work. However, most remedies sold by quacks are not only useless, but often can be harmful as well.71. In this passage, a quack or a charlatan is .A. someone who has a special abilityB. someone who has little knowledgeC. someone who is not a good doctorD. someone who pretends to be a doctor72. The sentence “pain seems to be a chronic human condition” means .A. pain seems to be very seriousB. pain seems to be very difficultC. pain seems to last for a long timeD. pain seems to be always happening73. Quackery thrives even in modern times because .A. patients pay any amount of moneyB. patients do not like their physiciansC. quacks say that they can help patientsD. best medical treatment costs very much74. People who seek the advice of quacks and charlatans are .A. those who are poorly educatedB. those who are highly educatedC. those who dislike medical treatmentsD. those who mistrust physicians’ truths75. To evaluate medical claims, one must .A. turn to reputable doctorsB. make an adequate choiceC. have the necessary trainingD. disbelieve promise of relief76. According to the author, a very few home remedies are .A. uselessB. harmfulC. pleasantD. effective77. Which of the following statements is not true?A. quacks are really sympatheticB. “snake oil” does not workC. doctors cannot cure all illsD. patients are often impatient78. Many individuals opt for “snake oil” because .A. they are misled by a secret formulaB. they cannot afford a treatmentC. they lack medical knowledgeD. they do not trust physicians79. “Snake oil” is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts because .A. it has actually workedB. it has some fruit stonesC. it has been misunderstoodD. it has alcohol or narcotic drugs80. Which of the following would be the best title of this passage?A. Distrust of PhysiciansB. Medical TreatmentC. Snake Oil RemediesD. Guard Against QuackeryQuestions 81－90 are based on the following passage.Modern industrial society grants little status to old people. In fact, such a society has a system of built-in obsolescence. There is no formal system for continuing our education throughout our life in order to keep up with rapidly changing knowledge. When our education and job skills have grown obsolete, we are treated exactly like those who have never gained an education or job skills and are not encouraged or given the opportunity to begin anew.As a society becomes more highly developed, the overall status of older people diminishes. Improved health technology creates a large pool of old people, who compete for jobs with the young. However, economic technology lowers the demand for workers and creates new jobs for which the skills of the aged are obsolete, forcing older people into retirement. At the same time, young people are being educated in the new technology and are keeping pace with rapid changes in knowledge. Finally, urbanization creates age-segregated neighborhoods. Because the old live on fixed incomes, they must often live in inferior housing. All these factors — retirement, obsolete knowledge and skills, inferior standards of living — lower the status of the aged in society. A century ago, when one could expect to live only to 50 or so, the life span more or less coincided with the occupation and family cycle. But today the average life span allows for fifteen to twenty years of life after these cycles. It appears that our life span is outpacing our usefulness in society.81. By “a system of built-in o bsolescence” the author means .A. no formal systems exists in modern industrial societyB. old people have no status in modern industrial societyC. young people have chances in modern industrial societyD. knowledge changes rapidly in modern industrial society82. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is true?A. People don’t have to gain educationB. People don’t have to learn job skillsC. People don’t have to be treated as equalsD. People don’t have chances to begin anew83. The more highly developed a society is, .A. the more advanced technology will beB. the larger the number of people will beC. the more diminished old people’s status will beD. the lower the overall status of the people will be84. The high development of economic technology .A. makes job skills out of fashionB. lowers the demand for workersC. forces old people into retirementD. creates new jobs for older people85. Which of the following statements is not true?A. Retired people could only live on fixed incomesB. Retired people are more skillful than young peopleC. Young people are educated in the new technologyD. Young people are keeping pace with rapid changes86. According to this passage, the status of the aged is lowered by .A. their forced retirementB. their inferior housingC. their longer life spanD. their fixed incomes87. The sentence “our life span outpaces our usefulness” means .A. we can live longer and make progressB. we can live longer and do more workC. we can live longer but move slowlyD. we can live longer but become useless88. The author’s attitude toward the aged is .A. realisticB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. sympathetic89. It can be deduced from this passage that .A. one should learn new skillsB. one should be open-mindedC. one should have a good personalityD. one should keep pace with the times90. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. The Problem of AgingB. Social StructuresC. Economic TechnologyD. Continuing EducationQuestions 91－100 are based on the following passage.When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit, with the alpha rhythm predominating for the first few minutes. This is the first stage of sleep. For the next 30 minutes or so, you will drift down through Stage 2 and Stage 3. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. About 40-60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will reach the last stage. Your brain waves will show the delta rhythm. You may think that you stay at this deep stage all the rest of the night, but that turns out not to be the case. About 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your activity cycle will increase slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids. This period of Rapid Eye Movements lasts for 8-15 minutes and is called REM sleep.During both light and deep sleep, the muscles in your body are relaxed but capable of movement. As you slip into REM sleep, a very odd thing occurs —most of the voluntary muscles in your body become paralyzed. Although your brain shows very rapid bursts of neural activity during REM sleep, your body is incapable of moving. REM sleep is accompanied by extensive muscular inhibition.91. On the part of an average sleeper, of sleep in cycles.A. there is one stageB. there are two stagesC. there are six stagesD. there are four stages92. When a person falls into the state of sleep, .A. his eyeballs will roll about a bitB. his mind will relax more and moreC. his breathing will slow for minutesD. his temperature will increase slightly93. The lower your stage of sleep, .A. the faster your eyes will roll aboutB. the quieter your breath will becomeC. the slower your brain waves will beD. the higher your temperature will be94. After you have reached the deepest sleep, .A. you will stay at the fourth stage the rest of the nightB. you will lose your consciousness for 40－60 minutesC. your brain waves will show the delta rhythmD. your brain waves will show the alpha rhythm95. In the REM sleep, .A. the delta rhythm will disappearB. the activity pattern will appearC. something will occur in front of you。
英语二级笔译5月真题+答案解析
英译汉 passage1Along a rugged, wide North Sea beach here on a recent day, children formed teams of eight to 10,taking their places beside mounds of sand carefully cordoned by tape. They had one hour for their sand castle competition. Some built fishlike structures, complete with scales. Others spent their time on elaborate ditch and dike labyrinths. Each castle was adorned on top with a white flag.近日，北海沿岸崎岖而宽广的海滩上，孩子们八人一组，十人一队，在用隔离带精心围起来的沙堆旁各就各位。
他们要在一个小时内完成堆沙堡的比赛。
有些人打造鱼形的主体建筑，再配上鳞片。
其余的人修建复杂的沟渠和迷宫式的堤坝。
每个沙堡的顶部都插有一面白旗。
1.“taking their places/ beside mounds of sand /carefully cordoned by tape.”这句话划分一下知道了大概意思是这些小朋友各就各位在自己的沙堆旁边，这些沙堆被隔离带精心的围着。
mound of [something]一堆某物A. noun警戒线to throw a cordon around [something]在某物周围设置警戒线B. transitive verbcordon off[cordon off something], [cordon something off]封锁4.ditchA. noun沟B. transitive verb①(get rid of)抛弃‹partner, friend›; 丢弃‹car, machinery›to ditch one's boyfriend甩掉男友②Aviation(crash-land)«pilot, crew» 使…在海上迫降‹plane›Then they watched the sea invade and devour their work, seeing whose castle could with stand the tide longest. The last standing flag won.然后，孩子们等待着大海涨潮，吞没沙堡，看谁的沙堡在潮水中持续的时间最久。
翻译资格考试二级笔译综合能力及实务真题详解
2003年12英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题Part1 Summary Writing1.Read the following English passage and then write a Chinese summary of approximately 300 words that expresses its main ideas and basic information (40 points, 50 minutes)Deceptively small in column inches, a recent New York Times article holds large meaning for us in business. The item concerned one Daniel Provenzano, 38, of Upper Saddle River, N.J. Here is the relevant portion:When he owned a Fort Lee printing company called Advice Inc., Mr. Provenzano said he found out that a sales representative he employment had stolen $9,000. Mr. Provenzano said he told the man that ―if he wanted to keep his employment, I would have to break his thumb.‖ He said another Advice employee drove the sales representative to Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, broke the thumb with a hammer outside the hospital, and then had a car service take the man home after the thumb was repaired.Mr. Provenzano explained that he ―didn‘t want to set an example‖that workers could get away with stealing. The worker eventually paid back $4,500 and kept his job, he said. I know that you‘re thinking: This is an outrage. I, too, was shocked that Provenzano was being prosecuted for his astute management. Indeed, I think his ―modest proposal‖ has a lot to teach managers as they struggle with the problems of our people-centered business environment. Problems such as ….Dealing with the bottom 10%. GE made the system famous, but plenty of companies are using it: Every year you get rid of the worst-evaluated workers. Many managers object that this practice is inhumane, but not dealing with that bottom 10% leads to big performance problems. Provenzano found a kinder, gentler answer. After all, this employee would have been fired virtually anywhere else. But at Advice Inc., he stayed on the job. And you know what? I bet he become a very, very —very —productive employee. For most managers Provenzano‘s innovative response will be a welcome new addition to their executive tool kit. And by the way, ―executive tool kit‖ is clearly more than just a metaphor at Advice Inc.Being the employer of choice. With top talent scarce everywhere, most companies now want to be their industry‘s or their community‘s most desirable. Advice Inc. understood. The employee in question wasn‘t simply disciplined in his supervisor‘s office and sent home. No, that‘s how an ordinary employer would have done it. But at Advice Inc., another employee —the HR manager, perhaps? —took time out his busy day and drove the guy right to the emergency room. And then —the detail that says it all —the company provided a car service to drive the employee home. The message to talented job candidates comes through loud and clear: Advice Inc. is a company that cares.Setting an example to others. An eternal problem for managers is how to let all employees know what happens to those who perform especially well or badly. A few companies actually post everyone‘s salary and bonus on their intranet. But pay is so one-dimensional. At Advice Inc., a problem that would hardly be mentioned at most companies —embezzlement —was undoubtedly the topic of rich discussions for weeks, at least until the employee‘s cast came off. Any employee theft probably went way, way —way —down.When the great Roberto Goizueta was CEO of Coca-Cola he used to talk about this problem of setting examples and once observed, ―Sometimes you must have an execution in the public square!‖ But of course he was speaking only figuratively. If he had just listened to his own words, Goizueta might have been an even better CEO.Differentiation. This is one of Jack Welch‘s favorite concepts —the idea that managers should treat different employees very differently based on performance. Welch liked to differentiate with salary, bonus, and stock options, but now, in what must henceforth be known as the post-Provenzano management era, we can see that GE‘s great management thinker just wasn‘t thinking big enough.This Times article is tantalizing and frustrating. In just a few sentences it opens a whole new world of management, yet much more surely remains to be told. We must all urge Provenzano to write a book explaining his complete managerial philosophy. 2.Read the following Chinese passage and then write an English summary of approximately 250 words that expresses its central ideas and main viewpoints (40 points, 50 minutes)越是对原作体会深刻，越是欣赏原文的每秒，越觉得心长力，越觉得译文远远的传达不出原作的神韵。