托福阅读细节题
托福阅读题型详解：分类与解题技巧
托福阅读题型详解：分类与解题技巧2023年，随着全球化的进一步发展和跨境教育的日益普及，托福考试已成为了全球范围内最具权威性的语言考试之一。
而在托福考试中，阅读部分一直是考生相对难以突破的一道坎。
本文旨在对托福阅读题型进行分类与解题技巧的详细讲解，帮助考生更好地应对阅读考试。
一、托福阅读题型分类在托福阅读部分，一般分为三大类：细节题、推理题和总结题，下面具体介绍一下三种题型的特点和解题技巧：1.细节题细节题是指以文章中的细节为媒介提出的问题。
所谓细节，便是文章中一些具体的，表层的，量化的或可操作的信息。
细节题主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解程度和记忆力。
具体而言，托福阅读部分的细节题主要有以下类型：A. 主旨细节题主旨细节题是指要求你根据文章中的某一部分，找到该部分的主旨或大意的题目。
解题技巧和句子理解题类似，要求考生准确地理解文章中的每个词汇及其所连接的关系，深入理解文章的主旨和重点。
B. 词汇细节题一般而言，该类细节题目会出现在文章的上下文中，要求考生根据所在的段落，结合上下文的意思和语境，准确理解生词的含义。
有时候，在文章里面出现一些同义替换的搭配，考生必须从文章上下文中寻找到有关铺垫，正确把握词义。
C. 时间细节题时间细节题要求考生根据文章的时间线索，回答来自文章的某一部分的问题。
在答题过程中，重点关注时间标记或者表述来帮助理解答案。
2.推理题推理题一般通过文章材料与题目之间的关系，推断出答案。
与细节题相比，推理题考查考生的逻辑思维能力和推理能力。
具体而言，托福阅读部分的推理题主要有以下类型：A. 推断态度题在此类题目中，通常会给出某人的语境或情况，要求考生根据自己理解的情况或背景，推断出这个人的态度。
此时需要考生仔细分析人物在文章中所扮演的角色，关注思想，性格，语气等方面的具体表现，以此推断出要求的妇女内心态度。
B. 推断论据题推断论据题是在文章中给出的一些事实、细节或例子，要求考生据此推断出文章作出的结论。
托福阅读TPO20答案解析
1.agency代理，中介，作用，所以答案是force，选C。
原句说由于腐食动物和细菌的侵袭，化学侵蚀和其他地质什么的作用，使得保存的难度非常大。
combination组合明显不靠谱，problem是个负向词，不靠谱，之前并列的都不是变化，change不对。
2.修辞目的题，修辞点所在句是一个例子，所以往前看，前一句说fossil遭破坏的方式和fossil一样多，后面就跟了很多破坏的方式，所以答案是A，阐释为什么如此多破坏之下还有这么多化石存在。
往后看也可以，下一句说如果化石有骨架的话被保留的机会会大增，也就是一直都在说化石存留下来的机会，所以A是正确答案。
3.terrestrial陆地的，陆生的，所以正确答案是A。
原文说尽管大部分的化石都是在海洋中找到的，但也有一些是在河湖中的什么沉积物当中找到的，既然前文都说了大部分是在海洋里找到的，肯定后面会说是在陆地上找到的，所以答案是terrestrial，B/C/D都不靠谱。
4.原句的结构是并列加条件，所以正确答案是D。
A的must be empty原文没说；B和C的关系都错误；D说的是shell会被剩下，如果足够耐腐蚀，就能保存一段时间。
5.修辞目的题，先看例子所在句子，说很多海洋生物的骨骼包含calcite，没有答案，往前看，前一句说一亿年前的沉积物中能发现骨骼不变的海生无脊椎动物，与A靠谱，但A本身不是一个观点，所以A不对；B和D完全没说，不对；强调的中心在例子所在句的下一句，说arogonite的晶体形状不同，相对不那么稳定，会变成更稳定的形式，所以答案是C，想稳定的话必须再变。
6.enhance提升，提高，所以正确答案是D的increase。
原文说很多化学过程都能改变壳体的结构并且怎么样它们作为化石保留下来的机会，combine明显不靠谱；limit和control意思相近，而且这两个词与increase意思相反，所以其他三个都不对。
7.以permineralization做关键词定位至最后一句。
托福阅读最后一题技巧讲解大全
托福阅读最后一题技巧讲解大全（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!托福阅读最后一题技巧讲解大全鉴于许多考生都想知道托福阅读最后一题有什么技巧，下面本店铺给大家带来托福阅读最后一题技巧讲解大全，望喜欢！托福阅读最后一题技巧讲解方法一：选大意的题目：先用最快的速度按细节排除的原则作，一般能排除两个细节选项，那么最多只错一个了，然后往往还有一个选项是被改动过是错的，所以很快就做对了。
托福阅读OG Desert Formation答案与解析
Desert Formation1.核心词汇总结occupy 占据approximately 大约previously 以前desertification 沙漠化estimate 估计vegetation 植被typically 作为特色地substantial 大量的impact 影响，效果，撞击particle 颗粒seal 密封penetration 渗透absorption 吸收consequently 因此，结果erosion 侵蚀diminish 减弱deterioration 恶化primarily 主要地semiarid 半干旱的delicate 脆弱的devoid 缺乏的salinization 盐碱化evaporation 蒸发millennia 千年rigorously 严格地2.长难句总结(1)The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.(2)Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, the reduction of vegetation typically results in the loss of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water.(3)The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.(4)During the dry periods that are common phenomena along the desert margins, though, the pressure on the land is often far in excess of its diminished capacity, and desertification results.(5)The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil.P1：introductionThe deserts, which already occupy approximately a fourth of the Earth's land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. The expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earth's land surface is threatened by this process.P2：Cause-1 erosion-windDesertification is accomplished primarily through the loss of stabilizing naturalIn other cases, the finer particles may be removed, while the sand-sized particles are accumulated to form mobile hills or ridges of sand.P3：Cause-1 erosion-watertiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration. Water absorption is greatly reduced; consequently runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion rates. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.P4：Cause-2 climate-global warmingIn some regions, the increase in desert areas is occurring largely as the result of a trend toward drier climatic conditions. Continued gradual global warming hasP5：Cause-3 peopleThere is little doubt, however, that desertification in most areas results primarily from human activities rather than natural processes. The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures. Expanding populations are subjecting the land to increasing pressures to provide them with food and fuel. In wet periods, the land may be able to respond to these stresses. During the dry periods that areP6：Cause-3 people- overcultivationFour specific activities have been identified as major contributors to the desertification processes: overcultivation, overgrazing, firewood gathering, and overirrigation. The cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population densities have grown. These regions are especially likely to have periods of severe dryness, so that crop failures are common. Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failuresP7：Cause-3 people- overgrazingThe raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation. The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil(9-D). This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion.P8：Cause-3 people- firewood gatheringFirewood is the chief fuel used for cooking and heating in many countries. The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs. The increasing use of dried animal waste as a substitute fuel has also hurt the soil because this valuable soil conditioner and source of plant nutrients is no longer being returned to the land.P9：Cause-3 people- overirrigationThe final major human cause of desertification is soil salinization resulting from overirrigation. Excess water from irrigation sinks down into the water table. If noP10：conclusionThe extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia will enable new soil to form. In areas where considerable soil still remains, though, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface.Paragraph 1: The deserts, which already occupy(占据) approximately(大约)a fourth of the Earth's land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace(以惊人的速度). The expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where theydid not previously(以前) exist is called desertification(沙漠化). It has been that an additional one-fourth of the Earth's land surface is1. The word “threatened 威胁” in the passage is closest in meaning to 词汇题○ restricted 限制○ endangered danger 危险enlarge○ prevented 阻止○ rejected 拒绝Paragraph 3: Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, the reduction of vegetation(植被) typically(作为特色地) results in the loss of the soil's ability to absorb substantial(大量的) quantities of water. The impact(影响，效果) of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles(颗粒) into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing(密封) them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration(渗透). Water absorption(吸收) is greatly reduced; consequently(因此，结果) runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion(侵蚀) rates. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished(减弱的) ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration(恶化) is established.2. According to paragraph 3, the loss of natural vegetation has which of the following consequences for soil? 细节题○ Increased stony content○ Reduced water absorption○ Increased numbers of spaces in the soil○ Reduced water runoffParagraph 5: There is little doubt, however, that desertification in most areas results primarily(主要地) from human activities rather thansemiarid(半干旱的) lands bordering the deserts exist in aecological balance and are limited in their potential toenvironmental pressures. Expanding populations are subjecting the land to increasing pressures to provide them with food and fuel. In wet periods, the land may be able to respond to these stresses. During the dry periods that are common phenomena along the desert margins, though, the pressure on the land is often far in excess of (超过) its diminished capacity, and desertification results.3. The word “delicate” in the passage is closest in meaning to 词汇题○ fragile○ predictable○ complex○ valuable4. According to paragraph 5, in dry periods, border areas have difficulty 细节题○ adjusting to stresses created by settlement○ retaining their fertility after desertification○ providing water for irrigating crops○ attracting populations in search of food and fuelParagraph 6: Four specific activities have been identified as major contributors to the desertification processes: overcultivation, overgrazing, firewood gathering, and overirrigation. The cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population densities have grown. These regions are especially likely to have periods of severe dryness, so that crop failures are common. Since the raising of most crops necessitates the natural vegetation,crop failures) of a plant cover and susceptible(易受影响的) to wind and water erosion.5. The word “progressively” in the passage is closest in meaning to 词汇题○ openly○ impressively○ objectively○ increasingly6.According to paragraph 6, which of the following is often associated with raising crops?细节题○ Lack of proper irrigation techniques○ Failure to plant crops suited to the particular area○ Removal of the original vegetation○ Excessive use of dried animal waste7. The phrase “devoid of” in the passage is closest in meaning to 词汇题○ consisting of○ hidden by○ except for○ lacking inParagraph 9: The final major human cause of desertification is soil salinization(盐碱化) resulting from overirrigation. Excess water from irrigation sinks down into the water table. If no drainage system exists, the water table rises, bringing dissolved salts to the surface. The water evaporates (蒸发) and the salts are left behind, creating a white crustal layer that prevents air and water from reaching the underlying soil.8. According to paragraph 9, the ground’s absorption of excess wate r is a factor in desertification because it can 细节题○ interfere with the irrigation of land○ limit the evaporation of water○ require more absorption of air by the soil○ bring salts to the surface9.All of the following are mentioned in the passage as contributing to desertification EXCEPT选非题○ soil erosion○ global warming○ insufficient irrigation○ the raising of livestockParagraph 10: The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia(千年) will enable new soil to form. In areas where considerable soil still remains, though, a rigorously(严格地) enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface.10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 句子简化题○ Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.○ Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.○ The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.○ Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.11. It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely believes which of the following about the future of desertification? 推断题○ Governments will act quickly to control further desertification.○ The factors influencing desertification occur in cycles and will change in the future. ○ Desertification will continue to increase.○ Desertification will soon occur in all areas of the world.Paragraph 7: ■The raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation. ■The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil. ■This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion. ■12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing.Where would the sentence best fit? 句子插入题13.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. 归纳总结题P1-Many factors have contributed to the great increase in desertification in recent decades.●●●Answer Choices○ Growing human populations and the agricultural demands that come with such growth have upset the ecological balance in some areas and led to the spread of deserts.○ As periods of severe dryness have become more common, failures of a number of different crops have increased.○ Excessive numbers of cattle and the need for firewood for fuel have reduced grasses and trees, leaving the land unprotected and vulnerable.○ Extensive irrigation with poor drainage brings salt to the surface of the soil, a process that reduces water and air absorption.○ Animal dung enriches the soil by providing nutrients for plant growth.○ Grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation in semiarid lands. Key: B B A A D C D D C A C B ACD。
老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE12
老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE12为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，提高成绩，下面小编给大家带来老托福阅读真题及答案:passage 12，希望大家喜欢!老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE 12Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets. Of all the birds on these cliffs, the black-legged kittiwake gull is the best suited for nesting on narrow ledges. Although its nesting habits are similar to those of gulls that nest on flat ground, there are a number of important differences related to the cliff-nesting habit.The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs. This immunity has been followed by a relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do not react to predators nearly as fiercely as do ground-nesting gulls. A colony of Bonaparte's gulls responds to the appearance of a predatory herring gull by flying up as a group with a clamor of alarm calls, followed by concerted mobbing, but kittiwakes simply ignore herring gulls, since they pose little threat to nests on cliffs. Neither do kittiwakes attempt to conceal their nest. Most gulls keep the nest area clear of droppings, and remove empty eggshells after the chicks have hatched, so that the location of the nest is not given away. Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as well as their tendency to leave the nest littered with eggshells, makes its location very conspicuous.On the other hand, nesting on a narrow ledge has its own peculiar problems, and kittiwake behavior has become adapted to overcome them. The female kittiwake sits when mating, whereas other gulls stand, so the pair will not overbalance and fall off the ledge. The nest is a deep cup, made of mud or seaweed, to hold the eggs safely, compared with the shallow scrape of other gulls, and the chicks are remarkably immobile until fully grown. They do not run from their nests when approached, and if they should come near to the cliff edge, they instinctively turn back.1. What aspect of the kittiwake gull does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Its defensive behavior(B) It interactions with other gull species(C) Its nesting habits(D) Its physical difference from other gull species2. The word "rear" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) visit(B) watch(C) reverse(D) raise3. The word "scale" in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) climb(B) avoid(C) approach(D) measure4. The word "immunity" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) distance(B) transition(C) protection(D) reminder5. Why is it difficult for ravens to steal the kittiwakes' eggs?(A) The kittiwakes can see the ravens approaching the nest.(B) The ravens cannot land on the narrow ledges where kittiwakes nest.(C) The kittiwakes' eggs are too big for the ravens to carry.(D) The female kittiwakes rarely leave the nest.6. The author mentions that eggshells litter around the nests of kittiwakes in order to(A) demonstrate that kittiwakes are not concerned about predators(B) prove how busy kittiwakes are in caring for their offspring(C) show a similarity to other types of gulls(D) illustrate kittiwakes' lack of concern for their chicks7. According to the passage , it can be inferred that which of the following birds conceal their nest?(A) Bonaparte's gulls(B) Atlantic puffins(C) Kittiwake gulls(D) Northern gannets8. The word "it" in line 17 refers to(A) location(B) edge(C) nest(D) practice9. The word "conspicuous" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) disordered(B) suspicious(C) noticeable(D) appealing10. The phrase "On the other hand" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) therefore(B) however(C) for example(D) by no means正确答案： CDACB AACCB如何提高托福阅读理解能力?一、学会概括主旨大意任何一篇文章都有一个主题思想。
2020年12月12日托福阅读真题
2020年12月12日托福阅读真题12月12日托福阅读第一篇主要内容：讲learning standard test set，就是如何测试不同种类动物的intelligence。
不同物种的智商不一样。
人们很想知道动物的智商和人类有什么不同，遇事通过动物学习水平来检测。
前三段都是讲的这个test是怎么操作的。
最先举的例子好像是猴子和什么，做的对比实验。
第一次让它从三角形和长方形里选，选三角形就给奖励，选正方形就不给;第二次从圆形和多边形里选，依旧是选圆形给奖励，选择多边形不给。
后面持续变化通过大量实验来看这种动物的improvements，就比如这种动物在实行第几十次测试时准确率增加了多少。
一种猴子经过了三十次测试准确率就达到百分之九十了，然后这个测试的结果表明智商高的动物大脑也大。
于是大家都觉得能够参考。
后面三段都在反驳这个方法不可取。
又举了一个澳大利亚的mouse like的动物的例子，同样做类似上面的实验，第一次区分ab第二次区分黑白。
这种动物大脑很小但是测试结果很高，是因为他们生活在wide open areas，很容易被捕食者发现，他们要避免天地还要抓很敏捷的昆虫做实物，所以这方面水平很强。
然后这里有个句子简化题，大意是说动物的process different，不能说明学习水平，也不能用之前的实验来测试。
然后还说了海豚虽然做这个实验成绩很低，但是如果把visual的图形换成auditory的声音就会很好，所欲这个实验不可取是因为首先实验produce中很小的difference都会造成result的很大不同，而且这些difference都是不可避免的。
其次，对某些动物不适用。
12月12日托福阅读第二篇主要内容：中世纪欧洲政府的变革。
宗教变得影响力越来越小，政府的管辖范围越来越大。
法国葡萄牙等一些国家创造了nation这个定义。
国家边界变得更清晰了。
荷兰和英国建立了parliament，具有立法权。
小托福阅读考查题型解读(6大题型)
小托福阅读考查题型解读（6大题型）近年来，家长送孩子出国的越来越火热，小托福考试的关注度很高了。
那么，小托福阅读考查题型有哪几种?我们在备考时候需要了解哪些套路呢?一起阅读下文吧!小托福阅读考试题型一共分为6种，分别是主旨题(Main idea)、目的题(Purpose)、推断题(Inference)、指代题(Reference)、词义理解题(Word Meaning)、细节题(Detail)。
接下来，可乐留学小编分别来给大家介绍：➀主旨题这种题型主要考察考生对文章的观点及重要信息的理解能力!这种题型有两种问法：总结 main topic(或main idea)和归纳headline(或title)主旨题型问法有四种：What is the main topic of the article?What is the passage mainlu about/mostly about?Which would be the most sutitable/appropriate headline for the article?Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage?答题技巧：a、考生在做题时，首先应排除那些包含文中并未提及的信息和细节的选项，选出最能够概括文章主要观点的选项。
b、正确的选项会综合整篇文章的主要观点，所以任何细节的选项都不能选。
同时，由于正确答案概括了文章每个部分的意义，所以不会与文中的任何一句话完全相同。
c、考生在做此类试题时，首先要理清整篇文章中的结构和框架，了解作者是如何循序渐进地叙述故事并传达信息的。
d、考生在做题的时候要抓住每一段的主旨句和主要思想、这对解答此类问题至关重要。
➁目的题此类考题需要考生理解作者写这篇文章或文中某一个部分的目的。
这类考题主要包括两种：一、作者写整篇文章的目的;二、作者在文中提到某句话或某个观点的目的或作用。
TPO38托福阅读答案解析
1. According to paragraph 1, what happens to the light when a specimen is being viewed with a light microscope?A. The light continues unchanged directly into the viewer's eye or onto film.B. A glass lens bends the light to form a magnified image of the specimen.C. The light is projected onto photographic film to produce a blurred image.D. The intensity of the light increases a thousand times.Paragraph 1 is marked with ►答案：B 选项正确解析：本题根据 the light，specimen 和a light microscope 定位到第一段这几句：The first microscopes were light microscopes, which work by passing visible light through a specimen. Glass lenses in the microscope bend the light to magnify the image of the specimen and project the image into the viewer's eye or onto photographic film. 第二句讲了光学显微镜的原理，就是折射光以放大标本的图像，并且把图像投射到观察者的眼睛里或者投射到胶卷上。
选项 B 符合这句话的前半句，正确。
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托福阅读细节题
细节题是一种看起来简单实际上很考察阅读基本功的题型，通过一道细节题就可以考察出自己的问题在哪里，以及以后学习中需要加以注意的地方。
下面就和大家分享托福阅读细节题：最能摸清你阅读基础的一类题，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读细节题：最能摸清你阅读基础的一类题
先给大家普及一下细节题的解题步骤：
1. 读题干，找出题干中的关键信息(就是题干提问的关键词)
2. 到*中寻找关键信息对应的句子
3. 选择一个关键信息对应句子的同义改写选项
我们来看一道例题：
T17-1 Europes Early Sea Trade with Asia
Paragraph 3: ……Even if they hugged theAfrican coastline, they had little chance of surviving a crossing of the IndianOcean Shortly after 1400. Shipbuilders began developing a new type of vesselproperly designed to operate in rough, open water: the
caravel. It had a widerand deeper hull than the galley and hence could carry more cargo: increasedstability made it possible to add multiple masts and sails. In the largestcaravels, two main masts held large square sails that provided the bulk of thethrust driving the ship forward, while a smaller forward mast held
atriangular-shaped sail, called a lateen sail, which could be moved into avariety of positions to maneuver the ship.
8. According to paragraph 3, what did thelateen sail contribute to the caravel as a sailing ship?
○It provided stability for the front partof the ship.
○It made it possible for the hull to bewider and deeper.
○It added considerably to the speed of thewind-driven ship.
○It imp roved the capacity of the ship to beguided.
这道题题干中的关键词是lateen sail. 带着它回文中找到相关信息：while a smaller forward mast held a triangular-shaped sail, called alateen sail, which could be moved into a variety of positions to maneuver the ship.这个句子比较长而且还出现了定语从句，开头还有一个托福阅读常考的词while，并不是一下子就可以顺译出来的，如果考托er们读不懂这个句子，大概会有如下两种情况：
第一种，如果TOEFLer们在这个句子中发现百分之五十以上的单词都不认识，那么同学们得赶紧回去背诵高中词汇，后期的学习计划就应该着重在大量时间花在单词背诵计划的制定上：高中词汇结束后再紧跟着背诵四级和托福词汇。
而且TOEFLer再做题目的时候就不能一味地想要学习解题技巧，而应该着重基础的提升，无论是单词还是长难句。
英文阅读和中文阅读一样，没有单词量的阅读就好像文盲读报纸，只能靠脑洞。
第二种，如果发现单词基本没问题，但是连which这个从句都不知道起什么作用，那么句法部分应该还有很大欠缺，尤其是从句部分知识。
这种情况经常会出现在大学生群体中，他们的单词量经过四六级的洗礼已经比较拿的出手了，但是对于句法反倒没有高中生掌握的好，甚至遗忘比较严重，以至于读句子的时候多是把单词的意思往一起拼凑。
这种学生通常会在做题时在迷惑性选项中一再栽跟头，因为无论原文还是选项他都是读得似懂非懂，就无法保证做题的正确率了。
综上所述，细节题是一种看起来简单实际上很考察阅读基本功的题型，通过一道细节题就可以考察出自己的问题在哪里，以及以后学习中需要加以注意的地方。
各位TOEFLer平时在做题的时候也要多加以总结和思考哦。
托福阅读背景知识汇总之霓虹灯
A neon light is the sort of light you see used in advertising signs. These signs are made of long, narrow glass tubes, and these tubes are often bent into all sorts of shapes. The tube of a neon light can spell out a word, for example. These tubes emit light in different colors.
The idea behind a neon light is simple. Inside the glass tube there is a gas like neon, argon or krypton at low pressure. At both ends of the tube there are metal electrodes. When you apply a high voltage to the electrodes, the neon gas ionizes, and electrons flow through the gas. These electrons excite the neon atoms and cause them to emit light that we can see. Neon emits red light when energized in this way. Other gases emit other colors.
托福阅读背景知识汇总之玛雅文化
Maya Culture
The Maya are probably the best-known of the classical civilizations of Mesoamerica. Originating in the Yucatán around 2600 B.C., they rose to prominence around A.D. 250 in present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, northern Belize and western Honduras. Building on the inherited inventions and ideas of earlier civilizations such as the Oleic, the Maya developed astronomy, cylindrical systems and hieroglyphic writing. The Maya were noted。