2021年大学英语四级翻译预测及答案篇
2021年12月英语四级预测试题及答案
12月英语四级预测试题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic：Styles of Living. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 有人乐意和父母居住在一起2. 有人想自己独立居住3. 我看法Styles of Living Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions：In this part，you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7，markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.How Ice Cream Works The U.S. ice cream industry sells about a million gallons of ice cream each year，dispensing cones，gallons，pints，sundaes and other desserts through grocery stores and ice cream shops. In fact，eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product.Ice Cream or Frozen Dessert?Not just any frozen treat can be called ice cream. In fact，the U.S. Department of Agriculture has specific rules that define what can and can't be labeled "ice cream". To bear the "Meets USDA Ingredient Standard for Ice Cream" stamp，it has to contain at least 10 percent milk fat，and a minimum of six percent non-fat milk solids. A gallon has to weigh at least 4.5 pounds.The range of milk fat (sometimes referred to as butter fat) used in ice cream can go from the minimum 10 percent to a maximum of about 16 percent. Most premium ice creams use 14 percent milk fat. Higher fat content leads to better，richer taste and a creamier texture. Ice cream makers don't go higher than 16 percent because it would be costly and very high in calories. An ice cream with this much milk fat would also taste so rich that people would probably eat it in smaller amounts，which would be bad news for people who sell ice cream for a living.Other frozen desserts，such as sorbets (果汁冰糕)，low-fat ice cream，and frozen yogurt，are not technically ice cream at all. Frozen custard is ice cream that has at least 1.4 percent egg yolk solids，and "soft serve" can be any frozen milkbased dessert that has not gone through the hardening process—more on that later.In terms of specific ingredients，the recipe for ice cream is simple. But in scientific terms，it's complicated stuff. Ice cream is a colloid，a type of emulsion(乳状液). An emulsion is a combination of two substances that don't normally mix together. Instead，one of the substances is dispersed throughout the other. In ice cream，molecules of fat are suspended in a water-sugar-ice structure along with air bubbles. The presence of air meansthat ice cream is also technically a foam.In addition to milk fat，non-fat milk solids，sugar，and air，ice cream also contains stabilizers and emulsifiers. Stabilizers help hold the air bubble structure together and give the ice cream a better texture. Although gelatin(凝胶) was originally used as a stabilizer，xanthan gum，guar gum，and other compounds are used today. Emulsifiers keep the ice cream smooth and aid the distribution of the fat molecules throughout the colloid. Egg yolks were once used，but ice cream manufacturers now tend to use other chemical compounds. These stabilizers and emulsifiers make up a very small proportion (less than one percent) of the ice cream.Making Ice Cream Whether it's being made in your kitchen with a hand crank，at a local homemade ice cream shop with a stand-alone ice cream maker，or in a factory that cranks out thousands of gallons of ice cream every day，the process of making ice cream is basically the same. The only difference is the scale of the operation.First，you need ice cream mix. You can buy commercially made ice cream mix that is set to a certain milk fat content. Ice cream factories usually make their own mix by combining milk，cream and sugar in a 3,000 gallon vat，with the proportions and mixing controlled by computers. The mix is then pasteurized(用巴氏法灭菌)，or heated，to kill any harmful bacteria. If you were to make your own mix at home，you could pasteurize it by cooking it in a double boiler，or use an egg substitute or pasteurized egg product. This step is important because otherwise people who eat your homemade icecream could get sick due to salmonella contamination. According to the Centers for Disease Control，those most at risk include the elderly，very young children，and people with compromised immune systems.The next step in production is adding flavor to the mix. There are thousands of varieties of ice cream，so just about any combination of flavors is possible. From vanilla to cinnamon，chocolate to triple chocolate fudge brownie，it all gets blended into the ice cream mix. In a factory，this step takes place in vats that hold hundreds of gallons of ice cream，while giant steel paddles do the mixing. In your kitchen，a large bowl and a food mixer will work，or even a wooden spoon and muscle power if you want some exercise. Solid chunks such as pieces of fruit，chocolate chunks，marshmallows，and candy are added later.The next step is where and ice cream making machine comes into play. The mix has to be simultaneously frozen and whipped. In a factory，this happens in a giant tube surrounded by pipes. The pipes contain chemicals such as ammonia that freeze the tube，but the ammonia never comes into contact with the ice cream. The ice cream mix is pumped through the tube，where it gets cold very quickly. A dasher，or blade，turns inside the tube. This whips the mixture，introducing the air bubbles that help give ice cream its structure. The dasher also scrapes the sides of the tube，clearing off ice crystals that form there. This prevents large ice crystals from ruining the flavor and texture of the ice cream. All the elements of this process are carefully monitored and controlled by computers. Most homemade ice cream shops use a batch freezer for this step，where the same process happens ona smaller scale.This step can be accomplished at home with a rock salt/ice mixture for freezing and a hand or electric cranked dasher to mix and scrape off the ice crystals.Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker，the process isn't finished. At this point，the mixture is frozen，but still soft. Large chunks of candy and other goodies are now added. Then the ice cream is placed into containers. Factory machines pour it straight into cartons or buckets，or it can be extruded(挤压出)into shapes that have wooden sticks placed into them for individual treats.Now the ice cream needs to be reduced to a very low temperature，zero degrees Fahrenheit or below. Factories make it even colder since they need the ice cream to stay frozen while it is packaged and loaded onto trucks. It needs to be very cold to freeze the ice cream quickly and prevent the formation of large ice crystals. This process is known as hardening. "Soft-serve" is often simply ice cream that has not gone through this process.We'll learn about the ice cream industry in the next section.Ice Cream Industry In 1999，retail sales of ice cream in the U.S.，the worldwide leader in ice cream production，topped $4 billion. In ，more that $20 billion was spent on frozen desserts. The leading states in ice cream consumption are California，Indiana，Pennsylvania，Texas and New York . Americans ate an average of 21.5 quarts of ice cream per person in .With that much money to be made，the ice cream industry can besecretive and underhanded(秘密). Deborah Hanny，owner of Sweet Jenny's Ice cream in Williamsville，NY，protects her recipes carefully. Her shop has been photographed by men in suits and she once caught someone in he upstairs office hurriedly trying to copy down her recipes.Ice cream making secrets are seldom passed down from generation to generation these days. So where do people in the ice cream industry learn their craft?At ice cream school. Pennsylvania State University offers a week-long "Ice Cream Short Course" intended for industry professionals. The course teaches the science and technology used to make ice cream. The also offer Ice Cream 101 for ice cream hobbyists who just want to learn more about their favorite frozen treat. The University of Guelph，Ontario's Dairy Science and Technology school，also has a long history of teaching ice cream science.1. Eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product.2. Any frozen treat can be called ice cream.3. In addition to milk fat，non-fat milk solids，sugar，and air，ice cream also contains stabilizers and emulsifiers.4. The process of making ice cream at home is different from that in a factory.5. Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker，the process is finished.6. Ice cream making secrets are passed down from generation to generation these days.7. Many universities in U.S.A. offer courses of ice cream science.8. The range of milk fat used in ice cream can go ________.9. In 1999，retail sales of ice cream in the U.S. topped ________.10. With that much money to be made，the ice cream industry can be ________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation，one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause，you must read the four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C]and [D]，and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] The class thought the demonstration was too complex.[B] Too many students showed up.[C] The professor didn't show up.[D] The professor cancelled it.12. [A] Because nine is an odd number.[B] Because the elevator got stuck.[C] Because the elevator is too old.[D] Because there are too many people in the elevator.13. [A] The rain has stopped.[B] She wants to soak her clothes.[C] She is looking for her clothes.[D] It's raining heavily.14. [A] She goes home for lunch.[B] She spends her time shopping.[C] She gets interested in what she is reading.[D] She doesn't wake up in time.15. [A] To buy some potatoes.[B] To pass him some potatoes.[C] To have some potatoes.[D] to help him cook some potatoes.16. [A] It involved a few lunches.[B] There were free lunches.[C] There were three lunches.[D] There were more than free lunches.17. [A] He decided to continue his project.[B] He was unable to get sufficient money.[C] Lack of land prevented his success.[D] He was successful with his project.18. [A] Painting the room white.[B] Buying white furniture.[C] Waiting the man to decide.[D] Asking Mr. White for advice. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] In the student recreation center.[B] In the campus dining hall.[C] In the university bookstore.[D] In a classroom.20. [A] Studying.[B] Preparing snacks.[C] Playing cards.[D] Learning how to play bridge.21. [A] Miss her card game.[B] Stay up too late.[C] Take too heavy a work load next semester.[D] Neglect her studies to play bridge.22. [A] He already knows how to play.[B] He doesn't like to play games.[C] He doesn't have a partner.[D] He doesn't have enough free time. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] The effect of the atmosphere on rainfall.[B] How conditions on earth support life.[C] How water originated on earth.[D] A new estimate of the age of earth.24. [A] The surface of the ocean is expanding.[B] Volcanic activity is increasing.[C] The surface of earth contains tons of cosmic dust.[D] Thousands of comets are colliding with earth's atmosphere.25. [A] They are found under the oceans.[B] They were most active when earth was first formed.[C] Their emissions created earth's atmosphere.[D] Their fumes are mostly water in the state of a gas.Section B Directions：In this section，you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C]and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage One Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] He was trained as an electronics engineer.[B] He was trained as a mechanical engineer.[C] He was trained as a communication engineer.[D] He was trained as a nuclear engineer.27. [A] Fishing and hunting.[B] He began to show great interest in natural beauty.[C] Nuclear science.[D] Amateur radio.28. [A] An old friend of his.[B] His elder brother.[C] His younger brother.[D] his younger son.Passage Two Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] The Bachelor's degree.[B] The Associate degree.[C] The Master's degree.[D] The Doctor's degree.30. [A] A technical associate degree.[B] A degree which is designed for transfer.[C] A bachelor's degree.[D] The last degree one can ever hope to attain.31. [A] 120 quarter hours.[B] 95 quarter hours.[C] 120 credit hours.[D] 72 credit hours.Passage Three Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. [A] In 1848.[B] In 1846.[C] In 1884.[D] In 1849.33. [A] 8,000 people.[B] 10,000 people.[C] 80,000 people.[D] 100,000 people.34. [A] From the western United States.[B] From all parts of the country.[C] From only the east coast of the American Continent.[D] From San Francisco Bay.35. [A] Because many settlements were abandoned.[B] Because there were many gold-hungry sailors.[C] Because private gold could not be protected by law.[D] Because everybody raced for California.Section C Directions：In this section，you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank，you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.Mark Twain，who wrote the story we're going to read，traveled quite a lot often because circumstamces，usually (36) ________ circumstances，forced him to He was born in Florida，Missouri in 1835 and moved to Hannibal，Missouri with his family when he was about 4 years old. Most people think he was born in Hannibal but that isn't true. After his father died when he was about 12，Twain worked in Hannibal for a while and then left，so he could (37)________ more money. He worked for a while as a typesetter on (38) ________ newspapers and then got a job as a river (39) ________ on the Mississippi. Twain loved this job and many of his books show it. The river job didn't last，however，because of the (40) ________ of the Civil War. Twain，was in the (41) ________ Army for just 2 weeks and then he and his whole (42) ________ went west to get away from the war and the army. In Nevada and California Twain (43) ________ for silver and gold without much luck，but did succeed as a writer. (44) ____________________________________________________________.(45) _________________________________________________________.(46)___________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two，but found yourself right back whereyou started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly，you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term，49 effects.You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing，blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.Any time you are active，51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood，liver，and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity，the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity，the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking，running，rollerblading，swimming，dancing，and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.Surprisingly，if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration，you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short，a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.[A] positive[B] additional[C] duration[D] effective[E] shed[F] physical[G] food[H] functions[I] participated[J] rely[K] cut[L] repeatedly[M] uses[N] little[O] obviousSection B Directions：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C]and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences ingenetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities，it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.For some people，simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep，enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature，and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by his and his society. On the other hand，it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions，many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful，one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success，but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success："You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown," The counselor added，" You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like，and to which you have given you best effort."57. In the first paragraph，the author implies that ________ are essential in achieving success.[A] ability and goals [C] ability and environment[B] goals and determination [D] goals and environment58. The word "frugal" (Line 2，Para. 2) means ________.[A] wealthy [C] thrifty[B] wasteful [D] miserable59. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because ________.[A] their life is miserable [C] their goals are too low[B] they do not live in peace [D] they are not rich enough by their own standards.60. The last paragraph implies that ________.[A] we should have high goals [C] success means taking a walk in the park[B] success means achieving great goals [D] success means trying one's best at what onereally likes61. This passage mainly talks about ________.[A] the definition of success [C] how to set goals[B] how to achieve success [D] the importance of goalsPassage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service，he figures his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellite into high earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly，who runs Kelly Space Technology，"I realized the real market is in space tourism."According to preliminary market surveys，there are 10,000 would-be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventures in Arlington have taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour，$98,000 space tour tentatively set to occur by . This may sound great，but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit—with no oxygen，life support or return trip necessary—already costs and astronomical $2,200/kg. And that doesn't include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious(爱打官司)passengers. The entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the spacetourism market has between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket".The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do：design a reusable launch system that's inexpensive，safe and reliable. Kelly Space's prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in California has a booster with rotors to make a helicopter-style return to earth. The first passenger countdowns are still years away，but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all，you can't be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far，far away.62. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?[A] T ake Vacations in Space [C] Flight Regulations in Space Travels[B] Building Hotels in Space [D] Cost of Space Traveling63. The phrase "bread-and-butter business" (Line 1，Pare.1) mostprobably means ________.[A] a business to sell bread and butter [C] the business to make a living[B] a business to produce bread and butter [D] a traveling agency64. How much is the 2-hour space tour for each person according to Space Adventures in Arlington?[A] $1 million. [B] $10,000. [C] $98,000 [D] $22,00065. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A] The biggest hurdle for the space-tourism project is lack of a life supporting system.[B] The entrepreneurs trying to explore the space-tourism have plenty of money.[C] The government has little interests in this project.[D] The first passenger countdowns are within a few years.66. What's the author's tone in the last sentence of the passage?[A] Objective. [C] Approving.[B] Ironical. [D] Enthusiastic.Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 67 overthe centuries. During the 1950s especially，increased attention has been devoted to 68 and describing the reading process. 69 specialists agree that reading 70 a complex organization of higher mental 71 ，they disagree 72 the exact nature of the process. Some experts，who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds，73 reading as simply the decoding of symbols to the sounds they stand 74 .These authorities 75 that meaning，being concerned with thinking，must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is 76 related to thinking，and that a child who pronounces sounds without 77 their meaning is not truly reading. The reader，78 to some，is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 79 reads.Many adults，although they have the ability to read，have never read a book in its 80 . By some experts they would not be 81 as readers. Clearly，the philosophy，objectives，methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most 82 and satisfactory definition，reading is the ability to 83 the soundsymbols' code of the language，to interpret meaning for various 84 ，at various rates，and at various levels of difficulty，and to do 85 widely and enthusiastically. 86 short，reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.67. [A] substantively [B] substantially [C] substitutively [D] subjectively68. [A] distributing [B] promoting [C] defining [D] reporting069. [A] Although [B] If [C] Unless [D] Until70. [A] involves [B] takes [C] reveals [D] invites71. [A] opinions [B] effects [C] manners [D] functions72. [A] of [B] about [C] for [D] into73. [A] view [B] look [C] reassure [D] agree74. [A] by [B] to [C] off [D] for75. [A] content [B] contend [C] contempt [D] contact76. [A] inexplicably [B] inexpressibly [C] inextricably [D] inexpediently77. [A] interpreting [B] telling [C] explaining [D] reading78. [A] like [B] for [C] according [D] as79. [A] totally [B] usually [C] mainly [D] actually80. [A] part [B] entirety [C] chapter [D] section81. [A] claimed [B] said [C] classified [D] graded82. [A] inclusive [B] inclinable [C] conclusive [D] complicated83. [A] break [B] elaborate [C] define [D] unlock84. [A] purposes [B] degrees [C] stages [D] steps85. [A] such [B] so as [C] so [D] such as86. [A] By [B] In [C] On [D] ToPart VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions：Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. The circulation figures have risen ________________________ (自从咱们在头版上采用了彩色照片后).88. I believe in the theory that ________________________(高等动物是由低等动物发展而来).89. _______________________(我要点一份煎蛋和熏肉)，and my colleague。
2021年大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案(卷六)
2021年大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案（卷六）胡同(Hutong)是北京的一大特色，有着与北京城一样久远的历史。
最早的胡同出现在元朝(the YuanDynasty)，如今大部分胡同是在明清时代(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)形成的。
据专家考证，“胡同”一词源干蒙古语(Mongolian)的“井”。
自古以来胡同都是北京城里普通市民生息的场所，可以说是北京平民文化的代表。
但随着人口的增加，很多古老的胡同已经消失，取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦。
1.第1句中的“有着与北京城一样久远的历史”用介词短语witha history as long as that of Bering city 来表达，以插入语形式置于主语之后，这样整个句子的中心更突出。
2.第2句“最早的胡同出现在……”翻译时转换成“胡同最早出现在……”(Hutong first appeared..)更符合英语的表达习惯。
“胡同是在明、清时代形成的”虽然形式上是主动的，但意义上却表被动，故翻译时转换成被动讲态，译作Hutongs were formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties。
3.第4句“自古以来胡同都是......”用完成时态Hutong has always been...与since ancient times搭配，很好地表达了这种状态的延续性。
4.最后一句中的“取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦”如果逐字对译为and are replaced by themodern but not characterized high-rise buildings则显生硬，不如选用意为“给......让出地方”的短语tomake way for来作前一个分句的目的状语，这样译文更生动流畅。
参考译文：Hutong, with a history as long as that of Beijing city, is a major feature of Beijing. Hutong first appeared during the Yuan Dynasty, and most of today's Hutongs were formed during the Mingand Qing Dynasties. According to experts, the word "Hutong" came from Mongolian language, meaning "a well". Hutong has always been the living place for ordinary residents since ancient times and it's said to be a representative of Beijing civilian culture. However, with the increase of the population, many old Hutongs have disappeared to make way for modem but not characterized high-rise buildings.中国传统婚礼反映着中国的哲学思想。
2021年大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案(卷十)
2021年大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案（卷十）个人集体不管是在一个公司，还是在一个政府里，重大的决定总是个人作出的，而不是集体。
我们需要集体的讨论，因为可以交流看法和经验。
但是集体讨论不能代替个人的作用。
理由很清楚，如要作出一个重大的决定，集体总是不能对迅速变化的事件作出同样迅速的反应。
参考译文An important decision is always made by individuals not by committees whether it involves a company or a government. We need committees because that’s where people could share their opinions and experiences. But they could not replace individuals .The reason is obvious: a committee faced with a major decision can’t always move as quickly as the events it is trying to respond to.电脑技术有些人担心电脑技术的广泛使用会进一步恶化就业形势。
但另一种观点认为尽管这对个人来说会丢掉饭碗，对整个社会来说由于提高了生产率，因而有利于经济的发展。
不管对社会影响如何，有一点是肯定的：有技术的人变得越来越吃香，没技术的人工作越来越难找。
参考译文Some people are worrying that the wide use of computer technology will cause further unemployment. Another argument however holds that although some individual swill lose their jobs societyas a whole will benefit economically through increases in productivity. Despite its effects on society one thing is certain :the technically trained will become ever more valuable while the jobs for the blue-collar population will become less available.【翻译原文】算盘(abacus) 是一种手动操作计算辅助工具形式。
2021年大学英语四级翻译真试题及范文答案2017、2018、2019、2020、2021
普洱(Pu'er)茶深受中国人喜爱,最好的普洱茶产自云南的西双版纳(Xishuangbanna)，那里的气候和环境为普洱茶树的生长提供了最佳条件。
普洱茶颜色较深,味道与其他的茶截然不同。
普洱茶泡(brew)的时间越长越有味道。
许多爱喝的人尤其喜欢其独特的香味和口感。
普洱茶含有多种有益健康的元素,常饮普洱茶有助于保护心脏和血管,还有减肥、消除疲劳和促进消化的功效。
Pu’er is one of the most popular types of tea among the Chinese people, with its best produced in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province. where the climate and the environment provide the tea with the best growing conditions. Pu’er tea features comparatively darkcolour and totally different flavour. The longer it brews, the better it tastes. Many Pu’er overs especially fancy its unique fragrance and flavour.As it contains many beneficial elements, the tea helps not only protect the heart and blood vessels but also lose weight,relieve fatigue and improve digestion if one drinks it regularly.龙井(Longing)是一种绿茶，主要产自中国东部沿海的浙江省。
龙井茶独特的香味和口感为其赢得了“中国名茶”的称号，在中国深受大众的欢迎,在海外饮用的人也越来越多。
2021年大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案(卷十二)
2021年大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案（卷十二）1. ________________________(没有一项发明获得如此多的表扬和批评)than Internet.2. Premier Zhou ____________________________(一心想着人民的利益).3. __________________________(飞机什么时候起飞)has not been announced.4. The price of beer______________________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season..5. His remarks left me ____________________________(想知道他的真实目的).【答案】1. No invention has received more praise and abuse2. has always had the interests of the people at heart3. When the plane is to take off4. ranges/varies from 50 cents to $45. wondering about his real purpose1. Only one week later, Mr. Smith came to realize ___________________________ (不是我就是他错了).2. If tap water was as dangerous as some people think, ____________________________ (那我们中更多人将得病).3. ______________________ (这个陌生人占这位年轻姑娘的便宜)and cheated her out of five dollars.4. As is known to all, _________________ (假冒伪劣商品) harm the interests of consumers.5. We must _______________(使自己适应)the demands of our times; otherwise we'll fall behind the other industrialized nations of the world.【答案】1. realize either I or he was wrong2. a lot more of us would be getting sick3. The stranger took advantage of the young girl4. fake and inferior commodities5. adapt ourselves to1. They knew her very well. ___________________________ (他们看着她长大).2. ______________________ (而不是让蔬菜烂掉),he sold them at half price.3. _______________________ (我们绝对不能) ignore the value of knowledge.4. ________________________(随着时间的流逝),.they forgot their bitter sufferings.5. According to a recent survey, four million people ____________________ (死于与吸烟有关的疾病)each year.【答案】1. They had seen her grow up from childhood2. Rather than allow the vegetable to go bad3. On no account can we4. With the passage of time5. die of diseases linked to smoking1. (这个计划成功的关键) ________________________________is good planning.2. I suggested he _____________________________ (使自己适应) his new conditions.3. I don’t mind you_______________(延期做出决定)the decision as long as it is not too late.4. Because of advances in the medical technology, heart surgery is not ______________________________ (像以前那么危险).5. ____________________ (你说的我大部分同意),but I can not go all the way with you.【答案】1. The key to the success of this project2. should adapt himself to3. delaying making4. not as dangerous as it formerly wasMuch of what you say I agree with1. In order to ____________________________________(为人们提供便利), the department is planning to set up some mobile shops in the residential area.2. A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms ________________________________________(可能较少染上吸烟的习惯).3. His business was very successful, but it was ___________________________________________________(以牺牲他的家庭生活为代价的).4. Only__________________________________________ (那些能够承担经济损失的人)should make high-risk investments.5. It is obvious that this new rule __________________________________________(绝无例外的适应于任何人).【答案】1. make things convenient for the people2. are less likely to pick up the habit of smoking3. at the expense of his family life4. those who can afford to lose their money5. is applicable to everyone without exception1. _______________________________(直到天黑她才发现)it was too late to go home.2. It is essential that _________________________________(这些申请表被送回)as early as possible.3. It is important that the hotel receptionist _____________________________________________________(确信客人们已经正确的登记).4. In recent years ________________________________________________________(工作重点大多被放置在)developing the students’productive skills.5. The president promised to keep all the board members informed of __________________________________________(协商进行得怎样了).【答案】1. It was not until dark that she realized2. these application forms be sent back3. make sure that guests are registered correctly4. much more emphasis has been put on5. how the negotiations were going on1. Americans eat _____________________________(两倍的蛋白质)they actually need every day.2. What he said just now ___________________________________(与正在讨论的问题没什么关系).3. Floods cause ___________________________________(上亿美元的财产损失)annually.4. Many personnel manager say it is getting harder and harder to______________________________________________________(区分诚实的和不诚实的求职者).5. We agreed to accept _______________________________________(任何一个他们认为是最好的导游).【答案】1. twice as much protein as2. had little to do with the question under discussion3. billions of dollars worth of property damage4. distinguish honest applicant and dishonest ones5. whoever they thought was the best tourist guide1. The soldier_______________________________ (被指控逃跑)when the enemy attacked.2. Had he worked harder, ____________________________________ (他就会通过考试).3. In the U.S., 88% of smokers had started before they were 18, ___________________________________________(尽管他们知道贩卖香烟是违法的)toanyone under that age.4. Ann never dreams of _________________________________ (有机会把她送出国)very soon.5. _______________________________ (考虑到所有的情况), the planned trip will have to be called off.【答案】1. was accused of running away2. he would have got through the exams3. despite the fact that it is illegal to sell cigarettes4. there being a chance for her to be sent abroad5. All things considered中国人为什么要修长城、在秦始皇时代，每20个人中，就有一个人参与修建过长城。
2021年大学英语四级翻译预测(精品)
2021年大学英语四级翻译预测（精品）1.瓷器（1）：唐朝时期，人们就在昌南建造窑坊(kiln)，烧制出一种青白瓷(bluish white porcelain)。
青白瓷色彩晶莹，有“人造玉器”的美称，因而远近闻名，并大量出口欧洲。
当时，欧洲人还不会制造瓷器，因此中国特别是昌南镇的瓷器很受欢迎。
在欧洲，昌南镇瓷器是备受珍爱的贵重物品，人们以能获得一件昌南镇瓷器为荣。
因此，欧洲人就以“昌南”作为瓷器和生产瓷器的“中国”的代称。
久而久之，欧洲人就把昌南的本意忘却了，只记得它是“瓷器”，即“中国”了。
参考翻译In the Tang Dynasty, people started to build kilns to make bluish-white porcelain in Changnan.The bluish-white porcelain was glittering and had the reputation of artificial jade, so it became famous home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large amounts.At that time, Europeans were not able to make porcelain, so porcelain from China, especially from Changnan, was warmlywelcomed.In Europe, porcelain from Changnan was a luxurious article cherished by everyone, and obtaining even one piece of it would make people feel very proud.In this way, Europeans used Changnan as the code name for china (porcelain) and the place of its production, China.Gradually, Europeans forgot the original meaning of Changnan，only remembering it is “china”，namely “China”.难点讲解(1)烧制出一种青白瓷:可译为make bluish white porcelain，烧制可译为 make，“青白色的”可译为bluish white。
2021年12月大学英语四六级翻译预测10篇及参考答案
2021年12月大学英语四六级翻译预测及参考答案猴哥英语整理第一篇中国外交思想以“和合”、“和谐”、“合作”为基础，一直在追求更大的人类利益。
几千年前，中国历史上有很多朝代和统治者。
然而，经历了风风雨雨，中国56个民族，就像一个大花园，不同的地方文化在这里共同绽放。
中国有句古话，海纳百川。
具体地说，“和合”可以追溯到儒家的和谐思想，其中很多强调三个主要的和谐关系。
一是人与自然的和谐。
在中国文化中，生命是自然的一部分。
二是人与人之间的和谐。
在孔子看来，一个人的生活离不开环境和社会。
因此，人际和谐对我们至关重要。
第三，内在和谐。
中国人的思想强调人们不仅要了解外部世界，更重要的是要提升自己的内在心态，或者追求“君子”的内心世界，也就是所谓的“君子”。
Our thought on diplomacy for a new era is grounded on "Hehe" or Harmony and Cooperation.D ating back thousands o f years, there were so many dynasties and rulers in the history of China. Yet, having gone through ups and downs, China is home to 56 ethnic groups, as if a garden where different local cultures blossom together. An ancient Chinese saying references the vast ocean embracing all rivers running into it. Specifically, "Hehe" can be traced back to Confucian thought on harmony, much of which stresses three principal harmonious relationships. First, harmony between human and nature. In Chinese culture, human life is part and parcel of nature.Second, harmony among people. In Confucius' eyes, an individual cannot live without community and society. Interpersonal harmony, hence, is crucial for us. Third, harmony within oneself. Chinese thinking highlights that people should not only understand the external world but more importantly, uplift their internal state of mind or pursue the inner world of "Junzi," also known as a virtuous man.第二篇皮影戏(shadow play)是中国最古老的戏剧之一。
2021年大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案(卷九)
2021年大学英语四级翻译模拟试题及答案（卷九）公平教育为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育。
这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学收益。
资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。
现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。
一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。
参考译文：In order to promote equity in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan for the improvement of educational facilities in rural areas and strengthening of rural compulsory education Midwest. These funds were used to improve the teaching facilities, purchase of books, so that more than 160,000 primary and secondary income. Funds are also used to purchase music and painting equipment. Now children in rural and mountainous areas with children’s coastal cities like music and painting lessons. Some receive a better education for the city school students now transferred back to the local rural schools now.粤港澳大湾区粤港澳大湾区包括香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和广东省广州市、深圳市、珠海市、佛山市、惠州市、东莞市、中山市、江门市、肇庆市(以下称珠三角九市)，总面积5.6万平方公里，2017年末总人口约7000万人，是我国开放程度最高、经济活力最强的区域之一，在国家发展大局中具有重要战略地位。
2021年12月大学英语四级翻译真题及答案(3套)
2021年12月大学英语四级翻译真题及答案1.坎儿井坎儿井(Karez)是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统，由地下渠道将水井连接而成。
该系统将春夏季节渗入(seep into)地下的大量雨水及积雪融水收集起来，通过山体的自然坡度引到地面，用于灌溉农田和满足人们的日常用水需求。
坎儿井减少了水在地面的蒸发(evaporation),对地表破坏很小，因而有效地保护了自然资源与生态环境。
坎儿井体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是对人类文明的一大贡献。
【参考译文】Karez is a water conservancy system in the arid region of Xinjiang,where wells are connected by underground channels.The system collects large amounts of rainwater and snowmelt that seep into the ground in spring and summer,and brings it to the surface through the natural slope of the mountain.The rainwater is used to irrigate farmland and meet people’s daily water needs. Karez protects natural resources and the ecological environment by reducing evaporation of water from the surface which does little damage to the surface.Karez embodies the wisdom of our people to live in harmony with nature and it is a great contribution to human civilization.2.都江堰都江堰(Dujiangyan)坐落在成都平原西部的岷江上，距成都市约50公里，始建于公元前三世纪。
2021年12月英语四级全真预测试题及答案
2021年12月英语四级全真预测试题及答案Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Generation Gap. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 代沟的表现。
2. 代沟出现的家庭原因。
3. 代沟出现的社会原因。
Generation GapPart ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Animals on the MoveIt looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramaticmusic. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark?s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.Moving to SurviveIn pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of yearsof evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.Skin Is the KeyThe biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers become relaxed.The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along theoutside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the shark’s body snaps back the other way.As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.Source of EnergyWhat causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the shark?s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn?t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the shark?s collagen “radials”. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times.This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored.This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.Dolphin Has Speed RecordAnother fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water.The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the waterat record breaking speeds.Other Animals Less EfficientNot all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy.Scientists say that because of the slug’s inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except_______.A )to find foodB) to avoid being chased by its enemiesC) to find a new place to liveD) to show its braveness2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that _______.A)humans are the most clever living creatures in the worldB)human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environmentC)humans are very successful in inventing transportation toolsD)humans can’t move like other animals in any circumstances3.What is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water?A)The skin. B)The tail. C)The muscle. D)The jaw.4.According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent?A)When moving its tail rapidly.B)When finding its preys.C)When staying without any movement.D)When bending its body in swimming.5.Why is the area just under the shark’s collagen fibers similar to a belted radial tire?A)Because it is also full of blood pressure.B)Because it is also filled of air pressure.C)Because it is also inflated by pressure.D)Because it also can be used again and again.6.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims .A)slowly through the waterB)rapidly through the waterC)against the currentD)at the fastest speed in water7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travel_______ as long as it.A)one twelfth times.B)the same.C)12 times.D)1.2 times.8.A shark finds its prey by_______.9.According to the passage, _______can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched .10.When the shark detects an important food source,_______ take place .Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved inthe teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages 47___ using foreign faculty in teaching positions have to be 48___, of course. It can be said that the foreign background that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also 49___ problems of adjustment, both for the university and for the individual. The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; 50___, what he needs is to be fitted to a highly organized university system quite different from 51___ at home. He is faced in his daily work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students 52___ a common ground in each other’s cultures, some concept of what is already in the minds of American students is 53___ for the foreign professor. While helping him to adapt himself to his new environment, the university must also 54___ certain adjustments in order to take full advantage of what the newcomer can 55___. It isn’t always known how to make creative use of foreign faculty, especially at smaller colleges. This is thought to be a56where further study is called for. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty.A)field B)possess C)considered D)express E)offerF)create G)required H)ofI)emerge J)makeK)lack L)however M)scope N)cause O)thatSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growthand apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over.I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.57. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns_______.A)informs job hunters of the opportunities availableB)promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employmentC)divides available jobs into various typesD)informs employers of the people available for work58. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because_______.A)there is a lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB)there are so many top?level jobs availableC)there are so many people out of workD)the job history is considered to be a work of art59. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would_______.A)write an initial letter giving their life historyB)pass some exams before applying for a jobC)have no qualifications other than being able to read andwriteD)keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview60. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter _______.A)something that would distinguish one from other applicantsB)hinted information about the personality of the applicantC)one’s advantages over others in applying for the jobD)an occasional trick with the aggressive approach61. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because_______.A)there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertisedB)there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degreesC)jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD)the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicatedPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent?controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low?paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employerswant decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.62. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may_______.A)cause a shortage of apartmentsB)worry those who rent apartments as homesC)increase the profits of landlordsD)encourage landlords to invest in building apartments63. According to the critics, rent control_______.A)will always benefit those who rent apartmentsB)is unnecessaryC)will bring negative effects in the long runD)is necessary under all circumstances64. The problem of unemployment will arise .A)if the minimum wage is set too highB)if the minimum wage is set too low_______.C)if the workers are unskilledD)if the maximum wage is set65. The passage tells us_______.A)the relationship between supply and demandB)the possible results of government controlsC)the necessity of government controlD)the urgency of getting rid of government controls66. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A)The results of economic decisions can not always be predicted.B)Minimum wage can not always protect employees.C)Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.D)Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory Part ⅤCloze(15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never?ending flood of words. In 67____ a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 68____ can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 69____ readers. Most of usdevelop poor reading 70____ at an early age, andnever get over them. The main deficiency 71____ in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have 72____ meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. 73____, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to 74____ words or passages. Regression, thetendency to look back over 75____ you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which 76____ down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding eachword either orally or mentally as 77____ reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an 78____, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 79____ the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 80____ word-by-word reading,regression and sub-vocalization, practically impossible. At first 81____ is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, 82 ____ your comprehension will improve.Many people have found 83____ reading skilldrastically improved after some training. 84____ Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute 85____ the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can 86 more reading material in a short period of time.67. A)applying B)doingC)offering D)getting68. A)quickly B)easilyC)roughly D)decidedly69. A)good B)curiousC)poor D)urgent70. A)training B)habitsC)situations D)custom71. A)lies B)combinesC)touches D)involves72. A)some B)a lotC)little D)dull73. A)Fortunately B)In factC)Logically D)Unfortunately74. A)reuse B)rereadC)rewrite D)recite75. A)what B)whichC)that D)if76. A)scales B)cutsC)slows D)measures77. A)some one B)oneC)he D)reader78. A)accelerator B)actorC)amplifier D)observer79. A)then B)asC)beyond D)than80. A)enabling B)leadingC)making D)indicating81. A)meaning B)comprehensionC)gist D)regression82. A)but B)norC)or D)for83. A)our B)yourC)their D)such a84. A)Look at B)TakeC)Make D)Consider85. A)for B)inC)after D)before86. A)master B)go overC)present D)get throughPart ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. But for his help, I________ (我不可能这么早完成).88. I don’t mind your ________ (延期做出) the decision as long as it is not too late.89. Over a third of the population was estimated (无法获得)________ to the health service.90. It is no good waiting for the bus, ________ (我们不妨走回家吧).91. Last week, Tom and his friends celebrated his twentieth birthday,________ (尽情地唱歌跳舞).Part ⅠWriting【写作思路】本文是一篇关于代沟的议论文。
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1．中华人民共和国酒文化Chinese Wine Culture中华人民共和国人在70此前就开始用谷物酿酒。
总来说，不论是古代还是当代，酒都和中华人民共和国文化息息有关。
长期以来，中华人民共和国酒文化在人们生活中始终扮演着重要角色。
咱们祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲朋朋友敬酒。
作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割某些，例如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。
Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago. Generally speaking，wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times. Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people''s life for a long time. Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry，or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast. Wine culture，as a kind of culture form，is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party，farewell dinner，wedding，etc.2。
中华人民共和国书法Chinese Calligraphy中华人民共和国书法历史悠久，它不但是中文老式书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达艺术。
作者内心世界通过美妙字体得以体现。
书法在中华人民共和国艺术中拥有举足轻重地位，由于它影响到了其他中华人民共和国艺术形式，例如古典诗歌、雕塑、老式音乐及舞蹈、建筑及手工艺品。
作为老式艺术瑰宝，中华人民共和国书法被全世界人民所爱慕，且越来越受到欢迎。
Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history，but also an art of self-cultivation andself-expression. Inner world of the writer could be reflected with the help of beautiful Chinese script. Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in Chinese art，for it has influenced other Chinese artistic forms like classical poetry，sculpture，traditional music and dance，architecture and handicrafts. As a treasured artistic form of Chinese culture，Chinese calligraphy is enjoyed by people throughout the world and is becoming more and more popular.3。
中华人民共和国山水画Landscape Painting山水画始终以来都被誉为中华人民共和国绘画最高境界。
它品味高品位，很受欢迎。
普通意义上，中华人民共和国山水画被以为是书法、绘画及诗歌结合或延伸。
汉语“山水”这个词由“山”和“水”两个中文构成，且与道教哲学思想相联系，它强调是人与自然和谐。
中华人民共和国画家描绘并不总是真实世界，她们呈现是自己想象出来风景，这些风景不再只是对眼前世界描绘，而是画家内在思想写照。
因而，人们以为欣赏山水画除了可以较好地理解画家内心世界之外，还可以净化自己灵魂。
Landscape painting is traditionally considered as the highest form of Chinese painting styles. It is very popular and is associated with refined scholarly taste. Chinese Landscape painting in general is seen as a combination or extension of calligraphy，painting，and poetry. The Chinese term for “landscape”is made up of two characters meaning “mountains and water”. It is linked with the philosophy of Daoism，which emphasizes harmony with the natural world. Chinese artists do not usually paint real place but imaginary landscape which is no longer about the description of the visible world，but a means of conveying the inner mind. People therefore believe that looking at landscape painting is a good way to realize the artist’s inner heart as well as a way to purify their souls.4。
中华人民共和国戏曲Chinese Opera在中华人民共和国，戏曲是一种很流行戏剧形式，普通来说，可以追溯到唐朝时期，当时皇帝唐玄宗创立了“梨园”。
如今，许多外国人也很喜欢中华人民共和国戏曲。
最吸引她们则是戏曲独有风格—画脸谱，它不但是戏曲中一大亮点，同步还规定独特绘画技艺。
每个演员脸上夸张扮相代表其扮演角色性格和命运。
熟知戏曲观众通过观测演员脸谱和服装就可以懂得角色背后故事。
普通，红色脸谱代表忠诚与勇敢;黑色代表凶猛;黄色和白色代表口是心非;金色和银色代表神秘。
7对于中华人民共和国人，特别是老年人，欣赏戏曲是她们一大乐趣。
Chinese opera is a popular form of drama in China. In general，it dates back to the Tang Dynasty with Emperor Xuanzong，who founded the “Pear Garden”. Now Chinese opera is warmly welcomed by many foreign people. What appeals foreigners most might be the distinctive style of facial make-up，which is one of the highlights and requires distinctive techniques of painting. Exaggerated designs are painted on each performer''''''''s face to symbolize a character''''''''s personality，and fate. Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes. Generally，a red face represents loyalty and bravery；a black face，rough ；yellow and white faces，duplicity；and golden and silver faces，mystery. For Chinese，especially older folks，to listen to opera is a real pleasure.5。
京剧Peking Opera京剧是中华人民共和国一种老式艺术。
它是中华人民共和国戏曲一种，诞生于于1790年四大徽班(Four Great Anhui Troupes)入京表演时候。
19世纪中期得到迅速发展，到清朝达到全盛阶段。
京剧被当作是中华人民共和国文化瑰宝之一。
虽然它被称为京剧，但是它来源地却是中华人民共和国安徽省和湖北省。
京剧起初是一种宫廷表演艺术，而后才慢慢普及到民间。
在数百年前，京剧作为一种新戏曲形式，无论在哪里进行表演，都饱受欢迎。
而在当代社会中，涉及京剧在内老式戏曲却不大能被年轻人接受，面临着巨大生存危机。
Peking opera is a traditional art in China. It is a kind of Chinese opera which was born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes came to Beijing in 1790，arose in the mid-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty. Peking opera is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Although it is called Beijing opera，its origins are in the Chinese provinces of Anhui and Hubei. Peking opera was originally staged for the court and came into the public later. Hundreds of years ago，as a new drama form，wherever it was performed，it would be warmly welcomed.. Unfortunately，in the modern world，traditional operas including Peking Opera have to face the existential crisis，because they are not easily accepted by younger generations.6。