成人学位英语语法 倒装句
成人英语三级考试完型填空复习：副词提前倒装
成人英语三级考试完型填空复习：副词提前倒装成人英语三级考试完型填空复习:副词提前倒装关于成人英语学习的'情况介绍，今天店铺给大家整理了一些实用的成人英语介绍资料，觉得有用的话快收藏吧。
副词提至句首引起倒装，可分以下几种情况：一、only + 副词(when，before，if，after等)或only+介词状语(由in，under，by，on，after等引导)提前，必须部分倒装如：Only then did he realize how stupid he had been.Only after entering the store did Arthur realize thatthere was dan ger.Only in the library can she concentrate on herstudy.二、often，such，so等副词提前，部分倒装如：So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam. =He worked sodiligently that he got hight scores on the final exam.Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer.注意，so的另一种倒装是表示“也…”California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida. 加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入，佛罗里达也是这样同理，体会一下neither，nor的倒装He can‘t dance, neither/nor can I.=I can’t, either.他不会跳舞，我也不会。
2021年成人学位英语语法复习资料：倒装句
2021年成人学位英语语法复习资料：倒装句（2021最新版）作者：______编写日期：2021年__月__日高效备考！2021年成人英语三级考试课程火热开售中>>谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。
从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种。
前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be动词等置于主语之前。
倒装的情况有很多种，以下列出常用的几种：1.在直接引语后面在书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked Mary、answered John、said the old lady之类的词语。
在这些词语中，动词常放在主语之前。
而当主语是代词时，句子结构不用倒装。
例如：“What do you mean?”asked Henry.亨利问：“你说的是什么意思?”“What do you mean’7.”he asked.他问道：“你说的是什么意思?”2.often、many a time等状语置于句首时Often did they think of going there.but they never had a chance.他们常常想着要去那里，但是从来都没有机会。
Many a time did I dream of becoming a superstar.but I never succeeded.我多次梦想成为巨星，但是从没成功过。
3.在as、though引导的让步状语从句中在as、though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。
Small as he is，he is very smart.尽管他很小，但是很聪明。
Beautiful as she is，she is very stupid.尽管她很漂亮，但是很愚蠢。
4.在疑问句中：How are you getting along with your work?你工作进行得怎么样?Is this report written in detail?这份报告是不是写得很详细?。
英语倒装句的概述和用法
英语倒装句的概述和用法摘要英语倒装句是指将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序，用来强调或修饰句子的某些成分。
倒装句分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种类型，它们有各自的构成方式和使用场合。
本文将从以下几个方面介绍英语倒装句的概念、分类、结构和用法，并给出一些例句和练习题，帮助读者掌握英语倒装句的基本知识和技巧。
什么是英语倒装句英语的基本语序是主谓宾，即主语在谓语之前，宾语在谓语之后。
但有时为了强调或修饰句子的某些成分，或者使句子更加生动或优美，可以将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前，这种语序就叫做倒装语序。
使用倒装语序的句子就叫做倒装句。
例如：He is a teacher. (正常语序)A teacher he is. (完全倒装)He can speak three languages. (正常语序)Speak three languages he can. (部分倒装)英语倒装句的分类英语倒装句根据谓语是否完全置于主语之前，可以分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种类型。
完全倒装完全倒装是指将整个谓语放在主语之前，通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。
完全倒装常见的情况有以下几种：用于there be 句型，表示存在或出现。
There is a book on the desk. (桌上有一本书。
)There were many people in the park. (公园里有很多人。
)用于表示地点、时间、方向等的副词或介词短语置于句首，通常与be, come, go, lie, stand等动词连用。
Here comes the bus. (汽车来了。
)Down went the plane. (飞机坠落了。
)On the wall hangs a picture. (墙上挂着一幅画。
)用于表语置于句首，通常与be动词连用。
Happy are those who are contented. (知足者常乐。
成人学位英语语法汇总
第一节动词的时态一、一般现在时：1、由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的时间状语从句,以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将来的动作,而主句则用一般将来时态.例：They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams.2、当表示普遍的真理或者众所周知的客观事实,常常用一般现在时态.例：Theearth is round.地球是圆的.二、一般过去时：区分三个短语的用法：1、used to do sth：过去常常做某事.2、be/get used to doing sth：习惯做某事.3、be used to do sth：被用于做某事.三、一般将来时：1、be to+动词原形：表示安排或计划好了的动作.例：The Third-Ring Road isto be open to traffic before National Day.2、be about to+动词原形：表示即将发生的动作.例：The lecture is about tobegin.讲座即将开始.3、一些表示动作趋势,如开始、终结,以及一些表示动作方向,如往来的动词,常常用现在进行时态表示按照安排将于将来发生的事情,这类动词常见的有如：start, go, leave, come, arrive等.例：We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我们明天动身去北京.四、进行时态：重点区分when和while引起的时间状语的用法.When表示时间上的点,在考试中其引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“这时…”,主句多用进行时态；while引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“正当…时”,该从句用进行时态.例：One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry.I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis.五、现在完成时：重点区分havehasbeen to：某人去过某地,表示一种经历,强调状态,可以和once, twice, often, never, ever连用；Havehas gone to：某人在去某地的途中或已在某地,强调动作.此句型不能与上述时间状语连用.例：He has gone to America.他已经去了美国.He has been to America twice.他去过美国两次.六、过去完成时：1、强调一个动作发生在另外一个过去的动作之前时,用过去完成时.2、It was the first/second/last time that…,在该句型,that从句用过去完成时态.七、将来完成时：常常标志性地由by、by the time、by the end of引起一个表示将来时间段的时间状语,主句用将来完成时态.第二节感官动词、使役动词的用法及英语中常考的两个句式结构一、感官动词的用法及其被动语态：在英语中,常见的感官动词有“五看二听一感觉”see、watch、look、notice、observe；hear、listen to；feel,在主动语态中用动词原形或现在分词作宾补,如see sb do/doing sth,改为被动语态时则要加to,如sb be seen to do sth.二、使役动词的用法及其被动语态：在英语中,常见的使役动词有make、let、have,在主动语态中用动词原形做宾补,如make sb do sth,改为被动语态时则要加to,如sb be made to do sth, 两种形式都表示使/让某人做某事的意思.例：We were made to study hardy.我们被要求努力学习.三、英语中常考的句式结构一：sth need/ want/ require doing 某物需要…=sthneed/want/require to be done此句式主语为物例：My room is a mess. It needs tidying up整理.四、英语中常考的句式结构二：have/get sth done 请/让别人做某事have/get后接宾语为物例：I have taken many photos. I’m going to get the film developed.五、情态动词的被动语态,其构成为：情态动词+be+过去动词.例：The work must befinished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完.第三节情态动词常见的情态动词有can、could；may、might；must、need；should；ought to,对于情态动词常考其两方面的内容,一是情态动词用于推测句型,二是情态动词用于虚拟语气该部分的讲解放在虚拟语气一、情态动词用于对现在内容推测的常见句型有：1、Can/may do sth：表示对现在内容的可能性的推测；2、Must do sth：表示对现在内容的肯定性的推测.二、情态动词用于对过去内容推荐的常见句型：1、can/may have done sth：表示对过去内容的可能性；2、must have done sth：表示对过去内容的肯定性的推测.例：1、Mr Green must have failed to receive my letter, otherwise he would have replied.2/ I believe he must have had an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.第四节虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设,由if虚拟条件从句和主句构成.一、虚拟语气的基本内容根据虚拟与其这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间不同,虚拟语气的if虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式：例：1、I wouldn’t talk that way if I were Peter.2、If the whole operation had not been planned before hand, a great dealof time and money would have been lost3、Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if shewere to get a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.4、I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.5、Do you think there would be less conflict战斗、斗争 in the world ifall people spoke the same language.6、If Bob had come with us,he would have had a good time.二、if的省略形式又称虚拟语气的倒装结构在if虚拟条件从句中,如果谓语部分包含were,should,had等词,则可以把这些词放到主语前,省略if,构成虚拟语气的倒装结构.三、主句与从句时间不一致时虚拟语气的构成当虚拟语气的if虚拟条件从句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时,要根据各自表示的时间采用对应的虚拟语气的构成形式.例：1、If I had attended the meeting yesterday, I would know what happened now.2、If you had taken our advice at that time, you would not be in trouble now.四、主观倾向性动词引导的虚拟语气的构成在英语中存在一些动词,表示建议、命令、要求等主观的倾向,由这些动词引导的that宾语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可以省略.这类常见的主观倾向性动词有“一坚持、二命令、三建议、五要求”,分别是：一坚持：insist 二命令：order、command 三建议：suggest、advisen advice、propose提议、建议五要求：ask、demand、require、request、desire例：1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan have an operation right away so as to save his life.2、His mother insisted that he put on the coat when going out.同时,如果在题干中出现上面这些主观倾向性动词的名词和形容词形式,题干中从句部分的谓语动词也要用should+动词原形,should可以省略.考试中常见的词汇有：order,command,suggestion,advice,proposal,demand,request,desire,advis able,desirable.五、wish that…和if only引导的虚拟语气的构成Wish that引导的宾语从句和if only引起的感叹句都用虚拟语气来表示一种没有实现或无法实现的愿望,其中wish that句型往往翻译为：多么希望 (i)only表示的愿望较wish that更强烈,常翻译为但愿；要是…就好了.两者的用法基本相同.两者的用法是：1、当表示与现在的事实相反的一种愿望时,wish that引导的宾语从句和ifonly引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：did/were；2、当表示与过去的事实相反的一种愿望时,wish that引导的宾语从句和ifonly引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：had done；3、当表示未来一时很难实现的一种愿望时,wish that引导的宾语从句和ifonly引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：would do.六、would rather引导的虚拟语气的构成Would rather的意思是“宁愿、宁可”其引导的宾语从句一般省去that通常用虚拟语气表示一种与事实相反的假设.我们可以假设A、B是两个人,通过牢记一下句式来记住其用法：1、A would rather B did sth：表示与现在或将来事实相反的一种假设.2、A would rather B had done sth:表示与过去事实相反的一种假设七、It is high time that…句型中虚拟语气的构成It is high time that…句型表示“早该是…的时候了”,在that从句中,谓语动词一般用did例：1、It’s high time we did something to stop traffic accident.2、Don’t you think it is time you gave up smoking八、in case、lest、for fear that引导的从句中虚拟语气的构成in case、lest、for fear that引导的目的状语从句,表示忧虑或担心,翻译为“以防万一…”,从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可以省略.例：1、Written applications should be sent to us in case there be some problems with the electric version.2、I wrote it down in case I should forget it.九、含蓄虚拟语气的构成虚拟条件句有时不是通过if虚拟条件从句明显地表达出来,而是隐含在副词、介词短语或上下文中,这种情况称作含蓄虚拟语气.经常标志性地用于含虚拟语气的介词、副词有：without要是没有,but for要不是,otherwise否则,要不然.只要见到这几个词,所要选择的虚拟语气的构成多用would have done形式.例：1、Without your help, we would not have achieved so much.2、But for the rain, we would have had a nice holiday.十、as if,as though引导的虚拟语气的构成As if,as though翻译为“好像”,谈论的往往是不可能或不真实的情况,他们所引导的状语从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词采用的形式和wish that句型中谓语动词采用的形式相同.十一、it is+形容词+that引导的从句中虚拟语气的构成在it is+形容词+that引导的从句中,如果该形容词表示“重要的、必须的、强制的”、者“惊奇的、令人不满的”,that从句中的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可以省略.1、用于表示“重要的、必须的、强制的”的形容词常见的有：important、vital极重要的、critical决定性的、crucial决定性的、necessary、essential必不可少的、urgent、compulsory,obligatory必须的,imperative必要的、紧急的2、用于表示“惊奇的、令人不满的”的形容词常见的有：strange、surprising、amazing,unthinkable、odd奇怪的、incredible不可信的,不能相信的、ridiculous.十二、虚拟与不虚拟的错综混合一句话中,句子的一部分采用虚拟语气的构成形式,另一部分则采用与事实相对应的某一种时态,这样就形成了虚拟与不虚拟的错综混合的现象.在这种情况下,最为常见的一个词是but,一般情况下在虚拟与不虚拟相混合的句子中,由but引起的句子选择与事实相对应的某一种时态,而不采用虚拟语气的构成形式.例：I would have come earlier, but I didn’t know you were waiting.我本来可以早些到,但我不知道你在等我.十三、情态动词用于虚拟语气记住以下句式及其含义：1、should/ought to have done sth本来应该做某事而未做2、should not have done sth / ought not to have done sth 本来不应该做某事而做了3、need have done sth：本来需要做某事而未做4、need not have done sth 本来不需要做某事而做了5、could have done sth 本来能够做某事而未做6、could not have done sth 本来不能够做某事而做了7、might have done sth 本来可以做某事而未做8、might not have done sth 本来不可以做某事而做了第五节非谓语动词一、动词不定式动词不定时的基本结构和用法1、动词不定式的基本结构及其否定式2、动词不定式的语法功能动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成.在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语.例：1Good-bye, Mr. Wang. I’m pleased to meet you.2 Encouragement through praise is the most effective method ofgetting people to do their best.3、动词不定式的被动式当不定式的逻辑主语一般情况下是动词不定式前面的名词是不定式所表示的动作的对象或动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式.例：1Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house to be decorated so well.2The ability to be clearly heard is very important for any speaker.4、动词不定式的完成式当不定式所表示的动作发生在主句谓语所表示的动作之前时,用动词不定时的完成式.例：1Judging from his manner at the party, he doesn’t seem to have received much education.2The book is said to have been translated into several languages up to now.5、动词不定式的复合结构如果需要指出不定式所表示的动作的发出者即逻辑主语时,要再不定式前用for加名词或代词表示.例：1It was very difficult for me to learn Spanish.2It is necessary for you to hand in the papers immediately. 6、同一动词接不定式和动名词的区别英语中有些动词既可以接动词不定式,又可以后接动名词,但是两种形式所表达的意思却是截然不同的.考试中常见的形式有：Stop to do：停下来去做另外一件事情 stop doing：停下正在做的事情Go on to do：继续去做另外一件事情 go on doing：继续做正在做的事情Try to do：尽力去做某事 try doing：尝试去做某事Mean to do：打算做某事 mean doing意味着某事Remember to do：记得要去做事情 remember doing：记得曾经做过某事Forget to do：忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事Regret to do：不得不去做某事 regret doing 后悔曾经做过某事例：1、The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently to rest.2、Men will never stop searching for new ways of getting new energy.3、You have been talking for two hours. How long do you intend to goon talking like that4、Don’t forget to close the window before leaving the room.二、动名词动名词即动词ing形式,在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语和定语.1、动名词的基本形式例：1、Arriving for the lecture early is better than taking the chance of being late.2、At school Li Ming ran into many problems, such as choosing classesand handling his time.3、Finding answers to these questions is something like a detectivestory.2、英语中后接动名词的常见动词有：Admit、appreciate、avoid避免、consider、delay、deny否认、拒绝、enjoy、escape、finish、imagine、miss、practice、risk、suggest等.例：We shall appreciate hearing from you soon.3、英语中接动名词的常见词组有：Be accustomed to doing惯常的,习惯于、be used to doing过去习惯,devote to doing把…奉献、专用、feel like doing、look forward to doing、object反感 to doing、can’t help doing、have trouble indoing、have difficulty doing、have a hard timedoing等.4、英语中后接动名词的常见形容词有：Be busy doing,be worth doing等.5、英语中后接动名词的常见名词有：There is no use doing、there is no point意义doing、there is no gooddoing、 there is no need doing6、动名词的否定式动名词的否定式是在动名词前面直接加not.例：John suggested not saying anything about it until they found out more facts.7、动名词的逻辑主语当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时可使用形容词性的物主代词.例：1、He forgot about my asking him to attend my wife’s birthday party.2、I object to his making private calls on the office phone.我反对他用办公室的电话打私人电话8、动名词的完成时当动名词表示的动作发生在主句谓语所表示的动作之前时,用动名词的完成时.例：1、I don’t remember having ever said that.2、I regret having done such a thing. 我后悔做了这样的事.9、动名词的被动式例：1、No one avoid being influenced by advertisements.2、Susan was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party.三、分词1、现在分词的具体形式：过去分词的形式：done2、现在分词和过去分词的区别以及分词在句子中的语法功能1、现在分词与过去分词的区别主要体现在语态和时态上.在语态上,现在分词表示主动的意思,即现在分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是主动关系现在分词表示的动作是句子的主语发出来的；过去分词表示被动的意思,即过去分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是被动的关系句子的主语是过去分词表示的动作的承受者,或者可以说过去分词表示的动作所针对的对象是句子的主语；在时间上,现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词则表示动作已经完成.简而言之,现在分词表主动、表进行；过去分词表被动、表完成.这一原则要牢记.2、分词在句中的语法功能：分词在句子中可以做状语、补足语、表语和定语.其中分词作状语的用法最为常考.3、分词的否定式实在分词的前面加not.例：1、Seeing on the top of hill, we find that the village seems very small.现在分词表主动做伴随状语.2、Seen from the top of hill, the village seems very small.过去分词表被动做伴随状语.3、She was sitting in an armchair reading a book. 现在分词表主动做伴随状语.4、Damaged in the war, the bridge needs repairing now.过去分词表被动做伴随状语.5、Not knowing anything about the accident, he went to work aswell.现在分词的否定式表主动做原因状语.6、We kept our fire burning all night to frighten the wolves.现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行.4、两个经常考查的用过去分词形式做状语的词是convince和compare.例：They all returned to the village convinced that the dangerwas over.5、现在分词和过去分词转化的形容词的区别：在语法功能上,他们都可以做定语和表语,但是以ed形式结尾的形容词修饰人,以ing形式结尾的形容词修饰物.例：1、She told me that it was the most delighting gift herdaughter had received.2、My parents are pleased with my progress.6、现在分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：现在分词的被动式being done表示在进行着的被动,过去分词done表示完成了的被动.例：1、The interviewer should take down notes at the moment theperson being interviewed answers the questions.2、Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship beingloaded with all kinds of goods.现在分词的被动式3、We found the eggs eaten by the snake. 我们发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了.过去分词表示动作的完成和结果3、分词与句子主语在逻辑关系上的一致性现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,分词与句子主语的逻辑关系常常是三级英语出题的知识点.例：1、Feeling tired after a hard work, she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.2、Arriving at the bus stop, he found a lot of people waiting there.4、分词的独立主格结构当句子前后两部分的主语指代事物不一致简称主语前后不一致,又需要其中一个部分作状语时,往往把该部分形成名词/代词+分词n./pron.+doing/done的形式,这种形式被称作分词的独立主格结构.在这种结构内部,当名词/代词与分词是逻辑上的主动关系时,用现在分词；当名词/代词是逻辑上的被动关系时,用过去分词.独立主格结构常做原因状语或伴随状语,是考试重点.例：1、The plane crashed, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.2、Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Summer Palace.5、with结构作状语With结构做状语,其构成是：with+名词+现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式/形容词/介词结构,由于经常考查with+名词+现在分词/过去分词这种形式,所以放在这里讲解,并且要明确何时用with+名词+现在分词结构,何时用with+名词+过去分词结构；如果分词与with后面的名词是主动关系,用现在分词；如果分词与with后面的名词是被动关系,则用过去分词.例：1、He walked across the meeting room with everyone looking at her.2、With the old man leading the way, we had no trouble in findingthat mysterious cave.3、With the novel published, the writer becomes a famous person.4、With the matter to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow, we leavethe company.5、With the price so high, they still determine to buy the car.6、With the book in the hand, the teacher came in the classroom. 第六节各种从句一、名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句.如果一个句子在一句话中充当主语、宾语、或者表语,那么该句子就被称作主语从句、宾语从句或者表语从句.名词性从句是三级英语考试的重点,我们应该明确以下几个方面的内容：1、主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句都用陈述语序,二不用疑问语序.2、应对主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的题型,我们要牢记整体性原则,即首先要保证从句的完整性,一般要添加适当的连接代词、连接副词或者从属连词使从句完整,然后才能在主句中充当主语、宾语或者表语.3、考试中常见的从属连词、连接代词、连接副词有：从属连词：that只起连接句子的作用,不具任何意义,if,whether；连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose；连接副词：when, where, how, why例：1、Who let out the news remained unknown.It remained unknownwho let out the news. 谁泄露了那个消息仍旧无人知道.2、When we’ll start is not clear.It is not clear when we’llstart.我们何时出发还不清楚.3、What I saw two men crossing the street.4、What the press reported was not the way the event happened5、I do n’t doubt that he is telling the truth.6、Can you tell me what it is about the city that makes peoplelove it so much7、The people at the party were worried about Janet because noone was aware of where.8、He was a man of fine character in all points except that hewas rather.9、The reason I don’t go there was that I got a new job.10、This is what he wants.这就是他想要的东西.11、The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrowmorning.4、在下列情况下不能用if,而用whether1、后面直接跟or not：I wonder whether I’ll catch the last busor not.我不知道我能否赶上末班车2、引导主语从句：Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.我们胜利也好,失败也好,对我来说都是一样的.3、后跟不定式：He didn’t tell me whether to go or stay.他没有告诉我是走还是留下.4、前面有介词：He raised the question of whether we could findthe necessary money.他提出我们能否筹集到必要的资金这个问题.二、定语从句在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫作定语从句,被修饰或者限定的那个次叫作先行词.定语从句分为两种：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句——紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号和先行词分开的定语从句叫作限定性定语从句；而用逗号和先行词分开的定语从句叫作非限定性定语从句.1、引导定语从句ude关联词包括：关系代词：that、which、whose、who、whom、as；关系副词：when、where、why关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的成分.2、which指物,who或者whom指人,whose表示所属关系,这些关系代词既可用于限定性定语从句,又可用于非限定性定语从句；that既可以指人,又可以指物,但是只能用于限定性定语从句.例：1、The company official who I thought would be fired receiveda raise.2、The investigation, whose results will soon be published,was made by john.3、An old friend from abroad, whom I was expecting to stay with,telephone me from the airport.4、I don’t like the way that/in which you speak.3、关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句：如果先行词是表示时间的名词,一般用when,如果先行词是表示地点的名词,一般用where,但是也应注意例外的情况；如先行词是reason,则用why.关系副词相当于介词加关系代词.例：1、The time will come when man can fly to outer space freely.2、I will never forget the ten years which we both spent inthe little village.3、I’ll never forget the village where in which I spent mychildhood.4、I’ll never forget the village which I visited last year.5、I don’t know the reason why for which he did that.4、先行词也可以是整个句子,这时定语从句一般用which或as来引导,修饰整个句子的内容.Which一般只能置于句中或句末,而as的位置比较灵活.例：1、He has made another wonderful discovery, which I thinkis of great importance to science.2、He was awarded a gold medal, which his whole familyconsidered a great honor.3、As we all know, the earth is round.5、“名词代词+of+which/whom”意思上等于whose+名词,表示所属关系,一般出现在非限定性定语从句.例：1、We’ve tested three hundred types of boot, none of whichis completely water proof2、The United States is composed of fifty states, two of whichare separated from the others by land or water.6、当先行词由the same或such修饰时,关系代词用as指代前面作为先行词的人或物,形成“the same…as”,“such…as”结构.例：It wasn’t such a good dinner as she had promised us.7、当先行词由形容词的最高级、序数词或the only/next/very等修饰时,关系代词用that而不用which.例：1、This is the most interesting film that has been shown inthis theater.2、This is the very bike that I am looking for.8、当先行词是不定代词all,anything,nothing,everything,something等时,关系代词用that而不用which.例：I couldn’t find anything that satisfies my needs.9、关系代词前带介词的定语从句：如果关系代词在定语从句中做了动词词组的宾语.有些动词词组所包含的介词可以提到关系代词的前面.例：Before her marriage, she spent a considerable相当的 timein that very part of shanghai to which she belonged.三、同位语从句常跟在fact,news,idea,hope,belief,thought,plan,evidence等名词的后面,由连词that引导的从句称为同位语从句,that在同位语从句中不做任何成文,这是与定语从句的区别,同位语从句对前面的名词起进一步解释的作用.例：1、Would the news that he failed to pass the exam bother you2、I had no idea that you were here.我没有想到你会在这里.四、状语从句在主从句复合句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句.常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果.一、时间状语从句常用的连词有：when,whenever无论什么时候,ever since,untilhardly…when/no sooner…than/no sooner ...than/as soonas/the moment/the minute一…就….例：1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up than itstarted raining hard.2、She has wanted to become a nurse ever since she wasa young girl.二、条件状语从句常用if,unless,as/so long as, provided that假如例：1、Unless I’m mistaken, I’ve seen that man before.2、Unless you return those books to the library immediatelyyou will have to pay a fine交罚款.三、原因状语从句需要区别because和because of：because是连词,引导原因状语从句；because of是介词,后接名词形成介宾结构作原因状语.例：1、He cannot go to school because he is ill.他因为生病不能上学.2、He cannot go to school because of his illness.四、让步状语从句1、让步状语从句表示：尽管…,或无论…,常用though/although,as尽管,even if/though, however, wherever, whatever,whomever, no matter how/where/what/who/whom等引导.Despite、in spite of尽管.例：1、In short, wherever he lives, a man belongs to somesociety.where引导让步状语,wherever=no matter where2、Whoever you are, you must show your ticket to go intothe cinema.3Even if you disagree with her, her idea is still worthconsidering.2、as引起的让步状语从句的构成是：形容词/副词/名词/分词+as+主语+谓语动词.例：1、Young as he is, he knows what is the right thingto do.2、Child as he is, he knows quite a lot about society.3、Much as he likes her, he gets annoyed打扰with hersometimes.4、Published as it was at such a time, his book stillattracted much attention.第七节主谓一致一、名词physics物理,maths数学,news,means方法,works工厂等一般被认为形式是复数形式,意思是单数的名词,它们作主语的时候动词一般用但属性是.例：1、The news coming from different parts of the world is often extremely discouraging these days.2、Every means has been trid.二、动名词、不定式、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.例：When and where the new hospital will be built remain a mystery.三、当主语是a number+of+复数名词时,翻译为“许多…”,谓语动词用复数；当主语是the number+of+可数或不可数名词时,翻译为“…的数目”,谓语动词用单数.例：1、The number of errors made by him was surprising.2、A number of cars are parked in front of my house.四、当主语由as well as等词修饰时的主谓一致.当句中的主语后接with,aswell as,along with,together with,including,accompanied by,but等短语+名词代词时,主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响,主语是单数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式时,谓语动词用复数形式,例：1、John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party.约翰和二十个朋友正在计划句型一个集会.。
英语倒装句12种类型及例句
英语倒装句12种类型及例句1. 完全倒装：将助动词或be动词放在句首，主语置于助动词或be 动词之后。
- Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。
）2. 部分倒装：将助动词或be动词放在句首，谓语动词的剩余部分与主语的位置不变。
3.表达否定的副词或短语位于句首时的倒装：4. so/such位于句首时的倒装：- So beautiful was the view that it took our breath away.（如此美丽的景色让我们惊叹不已。
）5.句首状语位于句首时的倒装：- In the corner of the room sat an old man.（房间的一角坐着一个老人）6.条件句中的倒装：- Had I known your true intentions, I would never have trusted you.（要是我知道你的真实意图，我绝不会信任你。
）7.否定词位于句首时的倒装：- Never have I been to Europe.（我从未去过欧洲。
）8.频度副词位于句首时的倒装：- Rarely do we see such dedication.（我们很少见到如此的奉献精神。
）9.祈使句或祈使句部分的倒装：- Stand up!（站起来！）- Be quiet, please.（请安静。
）10. only位于句首时的倒装：- Only by working hard can you achieve your goals.（只有通过努力工作，你才能实现目标。
）11.地点状语置于句首时的倒装：- In the garden were beautiful flowers.（花园里有美丽的花朵。
）12.宾语置于句首时的倒装：- A love like this I have never felt before.（我之前从未感受过如此的爱。
函授本科学士学位英语考试语法
函授本科学士学位英语考试语法
以下是函授本科学士学位英语考试语法：
1. 时态和语态：掌握基本时态（如一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等）的用法，以及主动语态和被动语态的使用。
2. 非谓语动词：掌握不定式、动名词和分词的基本用法，理解它们的时态、语态和非谓语形式。
3. 虚拟语气：掌握虚拟语气的基本用法，包括条件句中的虚拟语气、建议、要求和愿望等表达方式。
4. 定语从句和状语从句：掌握定语从句和状语从句的基本用法，包括关系代词和关系副词的用法，以及从句的时态和语态。
5. 主谓一致：掌握主谓一致的基本原则，能够正确判断主语和谓语之间的关系，避免出现主谓不一致的错误。
6. 强调句和倒装句：掌握强调句和倒装句的基本结构和用法，理解它们在语境中的意义和作用。
7. 常用词组和短语：掌握常用词组和短语的用法，能够正确理解其在句子中的意义。
8. 词汇选择：根据语境选择合适的词汇，避免使用过于简单或过于复杂的词汇。
9. 句子结构分析：能够正确分析句子结构，理解句子中各个成分之间的关系。
10. 阅读理解：掌握阅读理解的基本技巧和方法，能够快速准确地理解文章
的主旨和细节。
11. 写作：掌握基本的写作技巧和方法，能够清晰地表达自己的观点和思想。
以上是函授本科学士学位英语考试语法的主要内容，当然在实际考试中可能还有其他的要求和内容。
建议考生仔细阅读考试大纲，了解考试的具体要求和考试形式，以便更好地备考。
三级英语成人英语三级考试辅导倒装结构详解备考资料
三级英语成人英语三级考试辅导：倒装结构详解 -备考资料倒装句型a) 完全倒装将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装，三级英语成人英语三级考试辅导：倒装结构详解。
例如：Now comes the chance. 机会来了。
b) 部分倒装只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。
例如：Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒服。
Only in this way can we do the work better. 只有这样我们才能把工作做得更好。
3. 倒装的原因a) 一些句型的固定用法。
例如：Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。
b) 强调的需要。
倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。
例如：Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。
Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。
4. 倒装句的基本用法在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中:Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。
Here comes our teacher! 我们的老师来了!a) 副词only+状语放在句首时:Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。
Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。
b) 含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little, hardly, never, rarely, nosoonerthan)放在句首时:Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
英语语法倒装句的知识点
英语语法倒装句的知识点英语语法倒装句的知识点倒装句是我们在读高中时学到的一个英语语法的知识点，也是一个重点知识。
下面是小编给大家整理的英语语法倒装句，供大家参阅!英语语法倒装句的种类当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序(the natural order)。
在某些情况下，我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面，这种词序叫做倒装( the inverted order)。
倒装分两种：配合语法条例的倒装，叫grammatical inversion;配合强调语势的叫emphatic inversion。
语法上的倒装句是强制性的，包括下列7 种：1、疑问句，如：Can you do it?How old are you?When did you know him?Why did you elect him as captain?Which of these apples do you prefer?但疑问代词做主语时，不必倒置，如：Who is your English teacher?What happened last night?2、表示愿望的句子，如：May God bless you.Long live the king!3、There引导的句子，如：There are many cars on the road.There stand some big trees near the river.There is a security guard outside the bank.4、感叹句，如：How beautiful the flower is!What a smart boy you are!5、有连接词so, neither, nor的句子，如：Tom can ride a bicycle; so can I.She cant sing; neither can he.John has never been late; nor have I.6、省略连词if的条件副词分句，如：Were I you, I would not do such a thing.Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.Had you worked harder, you would have passed.7、as, however连接的让步副词分句，如：Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon.However busy you are, you should spend some time reading Zaobao weekly.谈过了语法上的倒装句，现在谈强调的倒装句。
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学位英语试题精讲：倒装1. Not until I came to China ___ what kind of a country she is.A. I knewB. I didn’t knowC. I did knowD. did I know【答案】D本题考查的是倒装强调句的用法。
以not until开头的句子，结构为“助动词+主语+动词原形”。
直到我来到中国才知道中国是一个什么样的国家。
2. No sooner ____ got to the station than it began to rain heavily.A. had IB. have IC. I hadD. I have【答案】A 本句考察no sooner…than…句型。
no sooner 引导的句子要部分倒装；而no sooner 后接的事件比than后的事件要更早发生，属于过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。
综上，选A3. _____ the first to use nuclear weapons.A. At no time China will beB. Never China will beC. Will China never beD. At no time will China be【答案】D考查倒装句的应用。
以否定词开头的倒装句基本结构：否定词+情态动词/助动词+主语+表语/动宾结构。
部分倒装仅仅将系动词、助动词或情态动词提前，而完全倒装则将谓语动词全部提前。
4. ____ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.A. Little they realizeB. They little do realizeC. Little realize do theyD. Little do they realize【答案】D 本题考察的是倒装句式。
含有否定意义的副词,如hardly, never, not, nor, neither, not only, little, seldom, scarcel, nowhere等位于句首时,句子用部分倒装的形式.提前助动词,情态动词,或be动词. 句意是“坐车时他们很少意识到系安全带的重要性.”5. Not once ___ your sentence correctly.A. you have copiedB. did you have copiedC. have you copiedD. have you been copied【答案】C 表示否定的词语（如：not ,seldom, never等）放在句首时，句子采用倒装形式，故A项排除；copy的逻辑宾语时后面的sentence, 不是前面的句子主语you，故不用被动形式，D项排除，B项表达方式错误6. Nowhere else in the world ___ more attractive scenery than is Switzerland.A. you can findB. is foundC. can you findD. has been found【答案】C。
否定词nowhere放在句首，句子倒装：否定词＋助动词（be动词）+主语。
常放在句首的否定词有：nowhere （没有地方），never（从不），hardly, scarcely（几乎不），little （几乎没有）等。
Barely does he have enough money to live on.他几乎没有足够的钱为生。
Little did I think that I would lose the game.我根本没有想到我会输掉这场比赛。
7. No sooner had they got the goods covered up ___ it started raining hard.A. whenB. thanC. thenD. after【答案】B。
no sooner…..than…一…就…；hardly…when…一…;就…；scarcely…when…一…就…。
No sooner had I lain down than the telephone rang.我刚躺下，电话铃就响了。
Scarcely had the baby cried when the nurse rushed to carry him. 婴儿一哭保姆就赶快去抱他。
本句的意思是：“他们刚把货物盖好，就开始下雨了。
”8. Never in my wildest dreams _______these people are living in such poor conditions.A. I could imagineB. could I imagineC. I couldn't imagineD. couldn't I imagine【答案】B Never 句首，句子倒装。
我从没想到过人们生活在如此差的环境中。
9. Not always ___ they want to.A. people can do whatB. people cannot do whatC. can people do whatD. can’t people do what【答案】C。
否定词放在句首，句子倒装。
否定词+助动词或（be）动词+主语。
常用的否定词有：barely, hardly, scarcely, not, never, little 等。
Barely does he have enough money to live on.他几乎没有足够的钱为生。
Little did I think that I would lose the game.我根本没有想到我会输掉这场比赛。
10. In no case _____ the students from exploring new ideas.A. we should preventB. we could preventC. should we preventD. shou ldn’t prevent 【答案】C “in no case”否定副词开头句子要倒装，又根据句意排除A B D.11. Only recently _____ to deal with the environmental problems.A. something has doneB. has something doneC. has something been doneD. something has been done【答案】C 本题考查倒装句的用法。
Only+副词或状语放在句首，句子倒装。
如：Only in this way can we work out the politics problem只有用这种方法，我们才能解出这道物理题来。
本句的意思是：“只是在最近才在环境保护方面采取了些措施。
”12. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar ____ fluently.A. you will writeB. can you writeC. you can writeD. you could write【答案】B 只有你得到足够多的语法知识的时候，你才能顺畅的写作。
Only句首，句子倒装。
13. ____did he realize that he had made a mistake.A. Upon entering the classroomB. Only after entering the classroomC. After he had entered the classroomD. As soon as he entered the classroom【答案】B 当他进入房间的时候才发现他犯了一个错误。
14. Only when David did it a second time ____.A. he realized his mistakeB. he was realizing his mistakeC. did he realize his mistakeD. he did realize his mistake【答案】C 当David第二次做的时候，她才意识到他的错误。
15. I failed in the final examination last term and only then ________ the importance of studies.A. I realizedB. I had realizedC. had I realizedD. did I realize【答案】D 我在最后一学期的考试中考砸了，直到那时我才意识到学习的重要性。
16. So little ___ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.A. did I knowB. I had knownC. I knewD. was I known【答案】A so+(形容词/副词)结构放在句首，后面的部分要用倒装形式，故B项和C项可以排除；句子中的know的宾语事后面的stock exchange而非前面的I，D项可以排除。
句意为：我对于股票交易知之甚少，无法听懂讲座。
so…that…：如此……以至于……，be beyond sb：超出某人理解的范围，非某人所能理解。
17. Parking is a big problem, _____.A. the traffic is soB. is so the trafficC. so the traffic isD. so is the traffic【答案】D 句意:停车是一个严重的问题，交通也是。
在表示B与A具有同样的性质的时候，用So is it, 而在表示对某种意见的赞同时，用So it is。
因为停车和交通是两个不同的对象，具有相似的性质，因此这里应选D项。
18. Our society has changed and ___ in it.A.so the people haveB. the people have soC. so have the peopleD. have the people so【答案】C 在表示与具有同样的性质的时候，用So be/do it；而在表示对某种意见的赞同时，用so it be/do。