英语语法作业之倒装句

语法结课作业之倒装句

consents

一、倒装句之全部倒装

1..有些动词和副词out, in, up, down, away构成不及物动词短语，

2在表示方向、地点的副词或某些介词词组开头的句子，

3 直接引语的部分或全部在句首

4 当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时

5 在某些表示祝愿的句型中

二、倒装句之部分倒装

1. 具有（半）否定意义的词或短语位于句首,句子用部分倒装

1). (半)否定的词语位于句首时

2）介词+no位于句首时

3). not...位于句首时,

4）以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子

2.so, neither, nor作部分倒装

3. only+状语位于句首时，

4. as, though 引导的倒装句

5.so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首

6.so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首

7. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首

8.在if虚拟语气条件句中

9.由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句

Inversion

In statement it is usual for the verb to follow the subject. Sometimes, however, this word order is reserved. We can refer to this as INVERSION.

全部倒装：全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。

部分倒装：部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前

在疑问句中各种疑问句一般地说都是倒装语序,在感叹句中某些感叹句也用倒装语序。如：

Will they come to see us this weekend ? 这个周末他们将来看我们吗？

She is not a student, isn't she ? 她不是个学生，对吗？

Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him ! 你见过那个孩子像他这么调皮！

为了能够更全面的分析各种倒装句型结构，下面我将主要运用陈述句中倒装结构

给大家做一次全面的分析：

一、倒装句之全部倒装

1).有些动词和副词out, in, up, down, away构成不及物动词短语，为使句子更生动，常将副词提前至句首。如：

Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。

Just then in came two people.就在那时两个人进来了。（是Just then two people came in的倒装.）

2)a.在表示方向、地点的副词或某些介词词组开头的句子，（介词如

there,here,out,in,up,down,away,in front of,now,then,off等，地点如south of the city,to the north of the city）

b.以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, sit,seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。如：

Up climbed the boy when his mother came.

他妈妈进来的时候男孩爬上去了。

There goes the bell.

铃声响了。

Under the tree stands a boy.

一个男孩站在树下。

In front of the house was a small garden.

在那个房子前面是一个小花园。

From the window came the sound of music.

音乐声通过那扇窗户飘了出来。

注意：

上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here comes the postman! （注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。）

邮递员终于来了！

Here we are. （注意系动词位于主语代词之后。）

我们到了。

附加：there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。如：

There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.

远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。

3）直接引语的部分或全部在句首。如：

"Is it ready yet?"asked my father.

4）当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时，可以使用完全倒装句，起强调作用。

例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.

他真幸运，被一所名牌大学录取了。

Typical for China is the crosstalk show where a pair of comedians

entertains the audience with word play.

中国典型的是相声表演，两个喜剧演员通过文字游戏逗乐观众

5）在某些表示祝愿的句型中

例句：Long live the PRC! 中华人民共和国万岁！

May you all be happy. 祝你们所有人都幸福。

二、倒装句之部分倒装

1. 具有（半）否定意义的词或短语位于句首,句子用部分倒装。

1). (半)否定的词语位于句首时，such as:no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly:

Never have I seen such a performance.

我从来没有看到过这样的表演。

Seldom do I go to work by bus.

我很少乘公共汽车上班。

2). 介词+no位于句首时,such as at no time, by no means in no way，

f or no reason; in no case;on no account, under /in no circumstances，at no point

In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化

Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.

什么情况下你都不应该借给paul钱。

注意：in no time 的意思是马上，不含否定意思，因此它置句首句子不倒装。

3). not...位于句首时,such as not only, not until ，not+名词作主语:

注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法：

例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.

小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

一直到他妈妈离开房间这个小孩才入睡。

Not even one cloud will I bring away。

不带走一片云彩.

注意: a)当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：例：It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact. 他出国之后才知道事情的真相。

b)如否定词不在句首不倒装。

I have never seen such a performance.

从来没看过这种表演。

4）以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有bay,

如Not only…but also, barely/hardly/scarcely......when/before; no sooner......than:

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

一个学生来拜访他时，她刚出去。

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

我刚到家就下起了雨

注意：

a)只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。Not only you but also I am fond of music.

你和我都喜欢音乐。

b)如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。例:

Hardly any people having been invited went there.

几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。

2.so, neither, nor作部分倒装

1)表示前面的情况也适合另一人或同一人的另一情况，neither和nor 表示对前一句否定句的赞同或行为一致。

例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .

你不知道现在该做什么，我也不知道。

He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.

他曾去国外深造过，我也去过。

They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .

他们没在为期末考试作准备，我们也没有。

注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。

neither和nor共有种倒装形式，其含义分别为：

a）用法正好相反，表示对前一句否定句的赞同

例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .你不知道现在该做什么，我也不知道。

2) 和其它否定副词连用，表示"也（不）"，也要求用完全倒装句：

例：The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither retreat could they . 被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。

3) 用在肯定句里，构成一般否定倒装：

例：All that is true, nor must we forget it.

那全都是真的，我们可不能忘记。

4) 部分倒装，有承上启下作用，表示同意和赞同：

例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.我帮不了她。

B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.

你是不能帮她，但你本可以找人帮她的。

T om asked me to go to play football and so I did.

---It's raining hard.---So it is.

5）so, neither, nor除了构成上述倒装句以外，还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话，构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talki ng with her.

c)也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调，例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人)

2) 在进行比较的句子里，如果主语不是代词时，可以倒装：

例：America consumes more energy than did our country.

美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。

4）在文学作品中常出现倒装，有些是由于语法习惯，有些是为了简单的修辞，如

3. only+状语位于句首时，要倒装。

如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装：

1）only+时间状语位于句首时, only after, only later, only then, only when: Only then did I know the importance of english.

到那时我才知道学英语的重要性。

2）only +其他介词短语位于句首时，only by...,only in..., only with...,etc:

Only in this way,can you learn English well.

只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

注意:a)如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装.

Only Wang Ling knows this .

b) 如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装：

例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.

只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

c) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：

例：It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.

直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。

d) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。

例：Hardly any people having been invited went there.

几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。

e)如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

他只有在生重病的时候才会呆在床上休息。

4. as, though 引导的倒装句

1,当as作为比较意义时，即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分倒装句。

例：Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.

正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。

She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).

她跑上楼去，跑得象兔子那么快！

2.当as引导让步状语时，和although, though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）：

1).从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词+副词”常将副词提前至从句句首。

Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.

虽然他很用功，但他还是没及格.

2)从句的谓语部分为“情态动词+不及物动词”常将副词提前至从句句首。Wait as you may, he will not see you.

就算你再等，他也不会见你。

3). 从句的谓语部分为“系动词+形容词”常将此表语形容词提前至从句句首。

Proud as the nobles are, they are afraid to see me.

4). 从句的谓语部分是“系动词+单数名词”时，则常将这个表语提前，但要省略名词前的不定冠词，如：

Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong.

尽管他还只是个孩子，他却是非分明。

注意:让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though 和yet可连用。

8.so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首

so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such和that之间的部分：

"so +adjective...that";"such+be...that";"neither...nor"

So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.

他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。

So dangerous did weather conditions become ,that all mountain roads were closed.

天气条件如此恶劣，致使所有山路都被封了。

8.在if虚拟语气条件句中

在if虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装

Were I you, I would try it again.

如果我是你，我就会再试一次。

9.由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句

由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装，因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句：

I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is. 我一点也不了解这条河，不知道它有多长，多宽或多深。

典型例题

1)Why can't I smoke here?

At no time___ in the meeting-room

A. is smoking permitted

B.smoking is permitted

C. smoking is it permitted

D.does smoking permit

2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

A. man did know

B. man know

C. didn't man know

D. did man know

3）No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game began

B.has the game begun

C. did the game begin

D.had the game begun

4)---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?

---I don't know, _____.

A. nor don't I care

B. nor do I care

C. I don't care neither

D. I don't care also

5)Do you know T om bought a new car?

I don't know, ___.

A. nor don't I care

B. nor do I care

C. I don't care neither

D. I don't care also

6) _____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.

A. Had it not been

B. Hadn’t it been

C. Was it not

D. Were it not

7）She never laughed, ______ lose her temper.

A) or she ever did B) nor did she ever

C) or did she ever D) nor she ever did

8）In no country ______ Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

A) better than B) more than C) other than D) rather than

9）_________ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol a t him.

A) Jumped down the burglar B) Down the burglar jumped

C) The burglar jumps down D) Down jumped the burglar

10）Only under special circumstances _________ to take make-up tests.

A) are freshmen permitted C) permitted are freshmen

B) freshmen are permitted D) are permitted freshmen

例题解析

1）答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time. 2）答案D.看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。

改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

3)答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when等等。

4)答案B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用don't 再次否

定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。

5)答案B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而neither, nor 用在否定句中。

6）答案B,本题考的是if引导虚拟语气中的虚拟语气，由主句中的might have passed,可知从句应用had done 形式，就此课排除C和D,而在有not 的倒装句中，not应与助动词连用，所以选B.

7)答案B：“她从来不大声笑，也没有发过脾气”。当前面的分句含否定意义而且后面的分句也含否定的意思时，后面的反句通常用含否定意义的nor（或neither）连接。此外，nor（或neither）连接的分句应当用倒装句，及其谓语中的情态动词、连系动词或助动词应放主语之前。本句相当于："…, and she never lost her temper, either"。

8）答案C other than。no other than意思是“正是、就是”；而rather than的意思是“宁愿……而不……；而不是”。

9）答案D Down jumped the burglar。因为地点状语Down位于句首应该用完全倒装，整个谓语动词应位于主语之前。C）The burglar jumps down虽然是自然语序，但时态错误，应该用和时间状语从句一致的过去时，而不是现在时。10）答案A“一年级学生只有在特殊的情况下才可以允许补考。”本陈述句以only 开始，后面接状语，应当用部分倒装句。所以答案是A) are freshmen permitted。如用自然语序，本题所在的句子就应该改写为：Freshmen are permitted to take make-up tests only under special circumstances.这两句话的差别是，前者将only under special circumstances放到句首，表示对状语的强调。