时事新闻报道类

时事新闻报道类

在近年的高考英语阅读理解题中,常有时事新闻报道类的文章,其内容与人们的生活息息相关,如战争、环境、人口、能源等。

1. 新闻六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过、结果。

2. 新闻的结构：标题、导语、主体、背景、结语。标题、导语、主体是消息必不可少的，背景和结语有时则蕴涵在主体里面，有时省略。

3. 现将这类文章的特点、命题角度及解题方法分述如下:

【显著特征】1.第一段简要概述新闻或时事的内容提要,接着再详述具体内容;

2.新闻或消息类文章在开头通常用大写字体标明其出处或来源,并用破折号或冒号引出内容提要。

【测试角度】1.测试文章的主旨大意或段落大意;

2.测试考生对于某个具体信息的理解与把握,即细节理解;

3.测试所读材料的来源或出处;

4.测试考生利用所给信息进行推理的能力。

【解题方法】1.速读短文,特别是开头的几句,抓住五个W,即:事件发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、原因(why)、过程和结果(how),把握新闻的主要内容;

2.细读所给的试题,初选相应的答案;

3.细读短文,并确定相应的答案。

4.信息的增加或减少是阅读理解题中设计干扰项的常见手法,因此,在确定答案时,应特别注意识别。

Passage1

Visiting U.S. President George W. Bush said in Beijing Friday that both China and the United States should encourage bilateral(双边的) contacts and exchanges to promote mutual(相互) understanding.

“It’s important for our political leaders to come to China,” said Bush, who gave a speech Friday morning at Qinghua University, one of the most prestigious universities in China.

His working visit to China and discussions with Oinghua students “help promote” Sino-U.S.(中美) relations, Bush said in response to a student’s question about what he would do to promote Sino-U.S. relations.

“Many people in my country are very interested in China,” he said, adding that these Americans have learned more about China’s culture and the Chinese pe ople.

He said that he would keep encouraging such contacts and exchanges between the two countries.

Bush said that he would describe back home what he has seen here and that China as a great nation not only has a “great history” but also an “unbelievably exciting future.”

The president said that the 2008 Olympic Games would make a significant opportunity for the rest of the world to understand China, which enables more people to come to China and feel the modernization taking place, and many more people will see it on the television.

Bush arrived in Beijing Thursday for a two-day working visit to China.

1. What the word “prestigious” in the second paragraph probably means?

A. great

B. famous

C. honorable

D. modest

2. Which of the sentence is NOT true?

A. Bush think bilateral contacts and mutual understanding will promote Sino-U.S. relations.

B. Many Americans are interested in China.

C. Bush and the students of Qinghua discussed something about how to make China richer and stronger.

D. The 2008’s Olympic Games is a great chance for China to be known by the world.

3. Many Americans are interested in China because _______.

A. they want to come here to take part in the 2008 Olympic Games

B. they have learned something of China and they want to learn more

C. great change has been taking place in China

D. China has a “great history” and “unbelievably exciting future”

4. The narrator(叙述者) of the passage was most probably _____.

A. a reporter

B. a psychologist

C. a politician

D. a sociologist

Passage2

New York: when the first jet(喷气式飞机) struck, World Trade Center at 8:48 am on Tuesday, the People in 2 World Trade Center with a view of the instant damage across the divide had the clearest sense of what they, too, must do: get out fast.

Katherine Hachinski, who had been knocked off her chair by the blast(爆炸声) of heat exploding from the neighboring tower, was one of those. Despite her 70 years of age, Ms Hachinski, an architect working on the 91st floor of 2 World Trade Centre, the south tower, went for the stairs. Twelve floors above her, Judy Wein, an executive (经理), screamed and set off too.

But others up and down the 110 floors, many without clear views of the damage across the way and thus unclear about what was happening, were not so sure. And the 18 minutes before the next plane would hit were ticking off.

Amid the uncertainty about what was the best thing to do, formal announcements inside the sound tower instructed people to stay put, assuring them that the building was sound(完好的) and the threat was limited to the other tower.

Some left, others stayed. Some began to climb down and, when met with more announcements and other cautions(警告) to stop or return, went back up. The decisions made in those instants proved to be of great importance, because many who chose to stay were doomed(注定死亡) when the second jet crashed into the south tower, killing many and stranding(使某物留在) many more in the floors above where the jet hit.

One of those caught in indecision was the executive at Fuji Bank UAS.

Richard Jacobs of Fuji Bank left the 79th floor with the other office workers, but on the 48th floor they heard the announcement that the situation was under control. Several got in the lifts and went back up, two minutes or so before the plane crashed-into their floor.

“I just don’t know what happened to them,” Mr. Jacobs said.

1. From the passage, we know that the south tower was hit by the plane_______.

A. at 8: 30

B. 18 minutes earlier than the north tower

C. at around 9:06

D. at 8:48

2. The underlined words “stay put” means_______.

A. stay in the building

B. leave at once

C. put everything back and then leave

D. keep silent

3. Which floor was hit by the second jet?

A. the 91st floor

B. the 103rd floor

C. the 60th floor

D. the 79th floor

4. Fewer people would have died if_______.

A. more announcement had been made

B. people hadn’t used the lifts

C. the incident had happened on a weekend

D. the people had obeyed the office rules

【答案解析】

本文描述了两架飞机先后撞击世贸大厦的情况及人们对此的反应。

1. C。推断题。根据When the first jet struck World Trade Center at 8:48 a.m. on Tuesday…及And the

18 minutes before the next plane would hit were ticking off.…when the second jet crashed into the south tower… 可知第一架飞机撞击发生在上午8:48，第二架飞机撞击发生在18分钟之后，据此选C。

2. A。词义猜测题。根据…formal announcements inside the sound tower instructed people to stay put, assuring them that the building was sound and the threat was limited to the other tower 及其后的伴随状语所表达的意思“向他们保证说这幢建筑物安然无恙并且威胁局限在另一塔”可知是要人们“留

下来”，据此选A。

3. D。细节题。根据倒数第2 段得知Richard Jacobs with the other office workers开始离开了79 层，但在48 层时听说形势已得到控制，有几个人便又返回到了79 层，大约2 分钟之后他们的楼层被

撞，据此选D。

4. C。推断题。阅读全文可知这次撞击发生在星期二，人们都在上班；如果发生在周末，就不会有这

么多人在上班，自然伤亡的人数也会减少，据此选答案C。

【答案解析】

全文介绍了APIEL与传统英语测试对比所显出的新功能。

1. C。推断题。根据TOFEL can no longer accurately reflect the abilities of students of using the English language comprehensively in an academic environment 可知原来的测试系统有局限性，由此可知C 为正确答案。

2. A。细节题。阅读全文可知B、C、D与原文不符，再根据…the APIEL is a strange title to most Chinese students, and it is unlikely to soon gain the similarity of other already existing exams 得知APIEL 作为新的测试系统不是短时间就能为人们所接受，故答案选A。

3. B。词义猜测题。根据第 1 行…a new and comprehensive exam 和第4 段…it is unlikely to soon gain the similarity of other already existing exams 可知current 意思为“现实的，目前的”，故知B 为正确答案。

4. D。主旨题。阅读全文可知由于传统测试不能适应新形势对学生的要求，从而设计了一种新的测试系统—— APIEL，故选D。

定语从句精典名题导解

选择填空

1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.（NMET 2001）

A.until

B.that

C.when

D.where

解析：答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。

2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)

A.It

B.As

C.That

D.What

解析：答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如……”解时，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。

3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)

A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when

解析：答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词。

4.The English play my students acted at the New Y ear’s party was a great success.

A. for which

B. at which

C. in which

D. on which

解析：答案为C。考定语从句。主句部分应是The English play at the New Y ear’s party was a great success.从句补全为独立句子应是my students acted in the play。所以应选in which，其余介词不妥。

5.There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands.

A. where

B. which

C. when

D. that

解析：答案为A。本题考地点状语从句，用where引导。句意是“她的裤子上她擦过手的地方有脏痕”。此处不能用时间状语从句，排除C，本题易被误认为考定语从句，意为“在她擦过手的裤子上有脏痕”。定语从句修饰trousers，也只能用where。B和D可引导定语从句，但只作主、宾等成分。定语从句缺少状语，不缺主语、宾语，故不可用。

6.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days.

A. of which

B. during which

C. from which

D. for which

解析：答案为A。本题考定语从句，关系代词which指代the journey，定语从句恢复为独立句子应是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days,故选of which。

1. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it. (2007安徽卷)

A. none of them

B. both of them

C. none of whom

D. neither of whom

2. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of _____ are healthy. (2007北京卷)

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. whom

3. The village has developed a lot _____ we learned farming two years ago. (2007福建卷)

A. when

B. which

C. that

D. where

4. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ______ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. (2007湖南卷)

A. who

B. which

C. what

D. that

5. He was educated at the local high school, ____ he went on to Beijing University. (2007江苏卷)

A. after which

B. after that

C. in which

D. in that

6. After graduation she reached a point in her career ____ she had to decide what to do. (2007江西卷)

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. where

7. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, _____ they learn simple games and songs. (2007全国I)

A. then

B. there

C. while

D. where

8. —Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm，_____ we worked. (2007山东卷)

A. that

B. there

C. which

D. where

9. The book was written in 1946, ____ the education system has witnessed great charges. (2007山东卷)

A. when

B. during which

C. since then

D. since when

10. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases _____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (2007陕西卷)

A. which

B. as

C. why

D. where

11. It is reported that two schools, ____ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007四川卷)

A. they both

B. which both

C. both of them

D. both of which

12. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _____ sight matters more than hearing. (2007天津卷)

A. when

B. whose

C. which

D. where

13. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ____ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. (2007浙江卷)

A. that

B. which

C. who

D. where

14. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _____ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007重庆卷)

A. with which

B. to which

C. of which

D. for which

15. Eric received training in computer for one year, ___ he found a job in a big company. [2007 辽宁卷]

A. after that

B. after which

C. after it

D. after this

16. Nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ___________ appeared a rare rainbow soon. (2008福建)

A. of which

B. on which

C. from which

D. above which

17. The man pulled out a gold watch, __________ were made of small diamonds. (2008陕西卷)

A. the hands of whom

B. whom the hands of

C. which the hands of

D. the hands of which

18. They will fly to Washington, ___________ they plan to stay for two or three days。(2008重庆)

A. where

B. there

C. which

D. when

19. Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with the kids. (08山东)

A. who

B. which

C. why

D. when

20. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _______ are beyond our control. (2008湖南卷)

A. most of them

B. most of which

C. most of what

D. most of that

21. I'll give you my friend's home address, _________ I can be reached most evenings。(08北京卷)

A. which

B. when

C. whom

D. where

22. All the neighbor admire this family. _________the parents are treating their child like a friend. (2008安徽卷)

A. why

B. where

C. which

D. that

23. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, ______ there won't be much work. (2008上海春招)

A. where

B. that

C. by which

D. without which

24. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _______ New York is an example。

A. for which

B. in which

C. of which

D. from which

25. We went through a period _____ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (2008年上海卷)

A. which

B. whose

C. in which

D. with which

Keys: 1-5 DDDBA 6-10 DDDDD 11-15 DDBBB 16-20 DDADB 21-25 BDDCC

定语从句：定语从句是由一些关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句组成，用来修饰名词中心词。

定语的翻译要特别注意位子上的变化，即：如果是单词修饰名词就放在中心词的前面，这和汉语的词序是一样的。如果定语太长，定语就要放在中心词的后面，这时就要注意断句，重复先行词。

另外，翻译成汉语时还要注意未省略关系代词和关系副词的定语从句，翻译时所遵守的原则和上述的一样，有关系代词引导的定语从句，也有关系副词引导的定语从句。

具体翻译来说，定语从句的翻译可分为限制性和非限制性定语从句两种，翻译成汉语时不论是在语序方面还是重复先行词方面都有一定的讲究。

一、限制性定语从句的翻译可分为以下几方面：

1.前置：这种定语从句一般比较短，翻译起来比较方便，和汉语的词序完全一样，例如：This is the finest weather that I have ever seen this month.这是这个月我所看到的最好的天气。

如果定语很短的话，我们可以把他象汉语一样放在中心词的前面。但是，有的时候，如果定语太长，读起来就不符和汉语的习惯，因此，往往要后置，重复先行词，这就是下面要提到的定语从句的“后置”问题，例如：

2.后置：Misers are often lonely and obscure men whose wealth is revealed only aftertheir death.吝啬鬼经常是看起来年很孤单、不为人所主意，可他们的财富只有等到他们死了以后才暴露出来。

3.“综合性”的翻译法。

“综合性”的翻译就是，翻译时不需要关系词，其中的关系完全靠上下文的意思来表现出来，例如：This is the place where the accident occurred.这就是发生交通事故的地方。

二、非限制性定语从句也可以分为以下几种：

1.前置：We need a chairman, in whom everyone has confidence. 我们需要一个人人都信赖的主席。

2.后置：这里包括：重复先行词，译成并列分句。这是比较常见的翻译方法：He deposits a little sum of money in the bank, by which means he hopes to deal with any potential emergency easily.我们每个月都在银行里存一些钱，这样，碰到有任何危机时，我们就可以应付了。

以上的句子在翻译成汉语后，要重复先行词。其中的“which ”可以是指前面的整个句子，也可以单指某个先行词。

3.省略先行词这种句行就象前面讲的“综和性”翻译一样，直接把整个句子的意思讲出来，例如：The two universities signed an agreement, under which they would exchange studentsand scholars. 这两个大学，签定了协议，决定交换学生和学者。

4.译成状语从句有些作定语的句子听起来却有点象状语从句，因此翻译时可以将其译成状语似的从句：You should take advantage of the opportunity to learn English well, which is veryvaluable. （原因）

5.“as”引导的句子：除了以上这些例子以外，还有一些特殊的由“as”引导的句子，翻译时可参考“as”的比较结构从句：He is not such as fool as he looks. 他并不象看上去的那么傻。

谈谈英语定语从句的汉译

一、限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行项起限制作用，在意义上与先行项密切不可分。

如被省去，主句的意思就含糊不清，甚至变得毫无意义。关系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。

（一）定语词组

①I have but one lamp by which my feed are guided.我只有一盏指路明灯。

②It was so with the vast railroad yards with the crowded array of vessels she saw in the river.火车站广大的场地，河里鳞次梯比的船只，她也同样不能理解。

③Before following her in her round of seeking,let us look at the sphare in which her future was to lie.我们暂且把她找寻工作的事搁下来不谈，先看一看她的前途所寄托的这个世界。

④…and the thread which bound her so lightly to girlhood and home were irretrievably broken ……而那些把她和少女时代以及故乡轻轻系住的柔丝，不得不就此断绝了。

翻译这类从句，常常是将关系词省去，在句未加“的”字，放在被修饰项之前。当然，也可视其情况不用“的”字，如①和②。这种译法用得普遍，尤其适用于译简短的定语从句。

（二）并列从句

1）省略英语的先行项

①The lungs are subjecd to several diseases which are treatable by surgery.肺易受几种疾病的侵袭，但均可经手术治疗。

②A little way on she saw a great door which,for some reason,attracted her attention.又走了一些路，她看见一个大门，不知怎的，引起了她的注意。

③As a result, a hum of gossip was set going which moved about the house in that secret manner common to gossip.结果就造成一阵闲话，暗中在公寓里流传，闲话一般都是如此的。

④A will had been made which divide the small tax –eaten property equally among the remaining four,so that it was really of no interest to any of them.遗嘱已立好，把这片快要给税吃光的薄产平分给四个孩子，但谁都对此不感兴趣。

上述定语从句例句比（一）里的定语从句例句长些，因此，就不宜译成定语词组成形式。否则，译句就会显得太长且不符合汉语的表达习惯。如④就不宜译成“把这片快要给税吃光的薄产平分给四个孩子的中遗嘱早已立好，谁都对此不感兴趣。”这类从句不是长、难复杂定语从句，一般就按原文的顺序位置译。上面译句的第二分句，有的承前省略了主语，如③④，有的借用第一分句的不定语作逻辑主语，如①②

2）重复英语的先行项

①At dimmer I found myself placed betw een Mrs. Bradly ,and a shy drab girl who seemed even younger than the other.席间，我发现自己坐在布拉得雷太太和一腼腆乏味的女孩子中间；她看上去比其余人都年轻。

②A writer——in fact every one of us in life——needs that loving-mother force from which all creation flows …一个作家——实际上生活中的每个人——都需要慈母的力量，它是创造一切的源泉。

③Man possesses an expressive faculty that goes far beyond gestures, that allows and even compels him to express his thoughts, feedings,dreams, and inituitions.人类具有远远超过于手势的表达官能，这种官能不仅使人能够，而且使他要把思想、感情、幻梦、直觉表达出来。

这些先行项的重复，有时用的是代词如①②，有时用的是限定词如③。汉译时，需重复先行项的地方，就要重复。否则会影响意思的连贯和清楚。

我们一般采用分述法将带定语从句的英语复合句译成并列分词。分述法就将主句和从句分开翻译的方法。此方法除了将定语从句译为并列分句外，还译为状语从句。

（三）状语从句

让我们来看看下例该怎么译：

He insisted on building another house which he had no use for.

上例能译成“他坚持再建一座他不用的房子”或“他坚持再建一座房，这房他不用”吗？显然不能，因为这样的译文令读者莫名其妙。这两种译文是套用定语词组和并列分句形式而译的，然而错了。

正确的译文是：他虽自己不用，但仍坚持再建一座房。

此句之所以这样译，是因为它含有状语从句的意思。英语定语从句——尤其是非限制性定语从句——有时兼有状语从句的职能，可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果等等关系。

兹再举几例说明限制性定语从句所表示的状语意思：

①I think it will grow even on non-irrlgated land where there is a forest belt.我想即使在没有灌溉的土地上，只要有一条树林带，苜蓿还是会生长的。（表条件）

②In a personed sense ,I think of my eldest daughter , whose birthday is today .就个人来讲，我想到我的大女儿，因为今天是她的生日。（表原因）

（四）独立句

①He paid that peculiar deferente to women which every member of the sex appreciates.他对女性殷勤令每个女人所赏识。

②What were the hopes and dreams that had made of them the incredibly stubborn warriors?是什么希望，什么目标，什么理想使他们成为顽强到令人难以置信的战士呢？

翻译英语There be 句型和带定语从句的复合句时，常用溶合法。溶合法就是把原主句的主语同定语从句溶合在一起而译成独立句的方法。溶合法要求改变句子的构造形式。具体作法是，将原主句的的词或词组用作独立句的主语，再将定语从句用作谓语，这样便译成独立句，如①将He paid that peculiar deference to women 压缩译为“他对女性的殷勤”而定语从句“which every member of the sex appreciates”译为谓语“令每个女人所常识”。

（五）复合宾语

①I also found on the ground near the tracks of the lamed groups of ants which were rulling grains of corn.我还看见骆驼的脚印边有许多的蚂蚁在拖玉米粒。

②He did not find any one in the house who particularly cared to see .他认为家里没有人特别想知道的。

当主句的谓语动词是表示“感观”或“心理活动”等意义时，修饰宾语的定语从句多译为复合宾语。

二、非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句同其先行项之间的联系是松散的。它不是先行项的必不可少的组成部分，而仅是对先行项作些描写或补充说明。非限制性定语从句前常有逗号将它与主语分开。非限制性定语从句也主要是采用前面已说过的分译法和溶合法来译。它常驻被译为并列分句、独立的和状语从句，偶尔还可译为定语词组等。

（一）译成并列分句

1. 译成并列分句，省略先行项

①Wait a minute,said the boss,and he opened the load and took out a ham,which he started to bone and string up.“等一会儿！”老板说道，说罢便打开火腿包，拿出一只，开始剔骨头，并用绳子缚起来。（省主语）

②Carrie reached home in high good spirits，which she could scarely conceal.嘉莉兴高采烈地回到家，想掩饰也掩饰不住。（省主语）

2. 译成并列分句，重复英语的先行项

①…from his vest dangled a real gold watch chain ,from which was suspended the secret insignia of the Order of Elks……背心上荡着一根精致的金表链，链上系着“共进会”的徽章。

②He came within the meaning of a still newer term ,which had sprung into general use among Americans in 1880…他其实适合于一个更新的名词，那个名词1880年在美国人中突然流行起来……

（二）译成独立句

①It has long been my wish to encounter one of the oldest civilizations in earth .I have come amidst you from Egypt ,On the banks of the Nile ,which also has a most ancient civilization .我一直向往着要同世界最古老的文明会晤。尼罗河畔的埃及也有着最古老的文明，我正是从那里来到你们中间。

②You’ve given Feldstyn ,who dislikes me any how ,the chance he was waiting for .费尔德丁反正讨厌我，你给他的机会正是他求之不得的。

（三）译成状语从句

①These actions, which have aroused universal and unreserved disapproval, must nevertheless give us a pause.这些行动，虽已激起普遍而毫不掩饰的反对，却也使我们举棋不定。（表让步）

②In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly,try not to get involved.在两国发生争端时，如与该两国皆友好，则应避免卷入。（表条件）。

③Copper,which is used so widely for carrying electricity , offers very little resistance.铜的电阻很小，因此被广泛用于输电。（表结果）

（四）译成定语词组

As I came in, Gus Meyer, who owned the taxicad that used to stand at the corner of our street ,waved to me from a table.我进去时，那个开出租汽车的古司．买耶坐在一张桌子那里向我招手，他的车子经常就停在我们街角上。

非限制性定语从句主要是译成并列分句、独立句和状语从句这几种形式，这与它的作用——仅是对先行项提供一些补充说明——有关。难怪《新编英语语法》（修定本）指出：在意义上，非限制性定语从句相当于一个并列分句，可以完全脱离主句而独立出现。

综上举例可以看出，定语从句可用“分述法”和“溶合法”进行翻译，形式有定语词组，并列分句、状语从句、复合宾语等。这些形式是英译汉的主要“框架结构”，并非全部“标准答案”。在具体和翻译实践中，我们应该视其不同情况，选用不同的形式或作灵活变通处理。