grammar practice

Part III. Grammar practice
杨梅
• It is widely believed that practice is of vital importance in the teaching and learning of grammar. But what is practice? What kind of practice is most effective? How can practice be conducted in a language classroom?
• 5.Teacher assistance: Practice is most effective when teacher assistance is available such as suggestions, hints and prompts. • 6.Interest:Learners who are bored find it difficult to concentrate and their attention wonders.
• • • • • •
T: you want to play football… Ss: let’s play football. T: you want to fly a kite. Ss: let’s fly a kite. T:… Ss:…
Activity5:discussion
• • • • Which methods have you used before? Which do you think are the best methods? Why and the worst methods? Why? Do you think these methods are easy to use? • When do the students have to think the most？
• 3.Success-orientation：Practice is most effective if it is based on successful practice . • 4.Heterogeneity(多样化）:Practice should be able to elicit different sentences and generate different levels of answers from different learners.
1.repetition
• • • • • • T: let’s watch television. Ss: let’s watch television… T: let’s watch television. Ss: let’s watch television… T: let’s watch television. Ss: let’s watch television…
Activity7:discussion • What are the advantage of meaningful practice? • Does it have any possible disadvantages?
• There is no clear-cut distinction between mechanical practice and meaningful practice.
Using prompts/clues for practice (P112-114):
• • • • • • (1) Picture prompts (2) mimes or gestures (3) information sheet (4) key phrases or key words (5) chained phrases for story telling (6) created situations
• 2.Volume and repetition：the more language the learners are exposed to or produce, the more they are likely to learn. The learners should have plenty of time and opportunities to listen to, speak, read and write different examples of the structure’s form and meaning.
Mechanical practice
• Mechanical practice involves activities that are aimed at form accuracy. By doing mechanical practice, the students pay rkey element in a structure. • The form of practice: Substitution and transformation drills
• Substitution drills(替代演习）: the students substituted a part in a structure so that they get to know how that part functions in a sentence. Sometimes certain prompts are given. • Transformation drills（改造演习）: the students change a given structure in a way that they are exposed to another similar structure. This type of exercise also helps the students have a deeper understanding of how the structures are formed and how they are used.
According to Ur successful practice should consists of the following factors:
• 1.Pre-learning：practice is more effective when new language is clearly perceived and taken into short-term memory by the learners.
Activity: read and think
• Read what happens in these lesson. The teachers have presented the structure” let’s------”,and are now doing mechanical practical controlled practice with their students.
• Practice can be defined as any kind of engaging with the language on the part of the learner, usually under the teacher supervision, whose primary objective is to consolidate learning.----According to Ur(1998:11)
Meaningful practice (P110-112)
• In meaningful practice the focus is on the production, comprehension or exchange of meaning though the students “keep an eye on” the way newly learned structures are used in the process.
• T: you are at home with your friend. you are bored (gestures “bored”) but you have some ideas. For example, you want to watch television. So you say “let’s watch television” (gestures for Ss to repeat) • Ss: let’s watch television. • T: (holds up picture of a football) let’s … • Ss: let’s play football.
The role of Grammar Practice
• A variety of practice activities will familiarize the students with structures in context, giving practice both in form and communicative meaning. • There are categories for grammar practice: • 1. Mechanical Practice • 2. Meaningful Practice • ing prompts for practice •