1992年翻译真题精解版
1992年高考英语试题·附答案
1992年高考英语试题·附答案第I卷(三部分，共85分)第一部分(K) 英语知识KI. 语音和拼写知识(共10小题，计分5%)A) 从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。
例：havegave B. save C. hat D. made 答案是C。
1. dangerousA. CanadianB. JanuaryC. balanceD. advanced2. frequentlyA. presidentB. freshC. feverD. electric3. researchA. surfaceB. tearC. surroundD. disappear4. cousinA. thirstyB. resistC. anxiousD. universe5. exactA. expertB. exhibitionC. exerciseD. existB) 以下所给单词均不完整，从A、B、-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-C、D中选出适当的字母或字母组合，使其完整与正确。
例：alr _______ dyA. eaB. eeC. ieD. eu&n94.5pt 168.0pt 241.5pt; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">答案是A。
6. Europ _______ nA. eaB. aeC. iaD. ie7. requ _______A. areB. iarC. ierD. ire8. c___n___lA. o; aB. o; eC. a; aD. a; e9. immed _______ telyA. eaB. eiC. ieD. ia10.spl___nd ____ dA. e; eB. e; iC. a; iD. a; eKII. 单项填空(共30小题，计分15%)从A、B、BC、D中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。
1992年翻译题解
1992年翻译题解71) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on○1○2○3how to interpret or classify them. (24 words)○4拆分：○1整句话是一个包含比较状语从句的复合句，句子的结构是：There is more agreement on... than there is on...，第一个比较对象是agreement on the kind of behavior，○2过去分词短语作定语，修饰behavior，○3than所带的第二个比较对象，○4how这个疑问词所带的不定式结构，作介词on的宾语。
炼词：1）behavior有“行为，表现”的意思。
2）refer to有“提到，谈到，所指；参看，查阅”的意思。
3）term有“学期，期间；项目，条款；术语”等意思。
短语in the long term是“从长远的观点看”的意思，in the short term有“从眼前的观点看”的意思，in terms of是“以...的观点；就...而说；在...方面”的意思。
在本句话中，term是“术语”的意思，但是结合上下文，我们可以得知这个词应该指上文的“intelligence（智力）”，所以，我们可以把term这个词翻译为“智力”。
4）interpret是“解释，说明，阐释；口译；演奏，表演”的意思，如：interpret a role （表演一个角色），interpret life（阐明人生的意义），We interpreted his silence as arefusal.（我们认为他的沉默就是拒绝）。
组合：○1主干部分There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior可以直接翻译为“对不同表现有一个更加一致”。
考研翻译真题解析
1992年考研翻译真题解析71．There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.结构分析：全句属于there be +N. 结构，全句还包含了一个more…than 的比较结构，前后结构对称，都是接了一个句子。
agreement 后面跟了on the kinds of behavior 做其后置定语，behavior 后面又跟了过去分词referred to by the term作其后置定语；而than there is 后面又省略了一个相同的词汇agreement. 所以全句理解为：There（there be结构的翻译－增加泛指主语）is more（比较结构）agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than（比较结构）there is 省略（agreement）on how to interpret or classify them（指代关系）.参考译文：人们对（智力）这个词所指的各种行为的看法一致，而如何对其进行解释或分类，人们的看法则不尽相同。
测试点：比较结构；介词和过去分词做后置定语，省略；指代关系举一反三：more A than B短语的译法：1. 如果这个结构前后接的是短语，则通常翻译成为：与其说B，不与说A；或翻译成：有A无B。
比如：He is more brave than wise. 与其说他聪明，不与说他勇敢。
然后意译为：他有勇无谋。
2. 如果前后接的是句子，则常翻译为：有A，而没有B。
72．Intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to---it was not designed for such purposes. 12. To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.结构分析：全句是用不定式To criticize it for such failure做主语（it指代什么，需要到上文去寻找，因为it是单数，应该到前面去找到一个单数名词，而前面两个句子都是用it做主语，所以再往前找到第一句的主语intelligence test，所以it应该指代前面的智力测试，）such failure属于名词指代的重要考点；（因为failure表示“没有”的意思，因此我们可以往上去找一个带有否定意思的词语，根据层层指代，such purposes, not supposed to, 再到not measure character, social adjustment，我们由此可以推断such failure 指代智力测试不能测试人的性格等特点的情况）。
1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题(附带答案和详细解析)
1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S. space shuttle. ___1___ it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle ___2___ of flying into space and returning many times. ___3___ by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65,000 pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for scientific inquiry, as ___4___ as a variety of military hardware. ___5___ more significantly, it will ___6___ materials and machines into space for industrial purposes___7___ two decades ago when “sputnik” (artificial satellite) was ___8___ to the vocabu lary. In short, the___9___ importance of the shuttle lies in its ___10___ as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle ___11___ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane. ___12___, when it has accomplished its ___13___, it can be ready for ___14___ trip in about two weeks.The space shuttle, the world’s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step ___15___ making the impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.1. ［A］In ［B］On ［C］By ［D］With[解析] 本题考核知识点：介词的用法。
92、93年考研翻译英译汉试题
1992年考研翻译英译汉试题“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct—the meaning of the word has never been clear. (71)There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily，make distinctions，reason logically，and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for lea rning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character，social adjustment，physical endurance，manual skills，or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to—it was not designed for such purposes. (72)To criticise it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticising a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.(73)Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best，the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do，and the intellectual ability to do it. (74)The first two must be equal for all who are being compared，if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable，and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies，of course，in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence”. (75)On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence，but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared，and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.1992年考研翻译英译汉参考译文(全文翻译)智力充其量只是一个假设性的概念，因为智力的含义从来就是模糊的。
1992年考研英语真题及答案
[D] by turns
26.The tourist is prevented from entering a country if he does not have________passport.
[A] an operative
[B] a valid
[C] an efficient（B）
[C] work（C）
[D] were working
6.I don’t want to lend any more money to him; he’s already in debt ________ me.
[A] to
[B] for
[C] of（A）
[D] with
7.The business of each day, ________ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
[A] subject
[B] owing
[C] available（D）
[D] due
13.________ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.
[A] To be free
[B] Freeing
[D] an effective
27.I like to go to the cinema when I am in the ________ for it.
[A] motive
[B] mind
[C] mood（C）
[D] notion
28.The project requires more labor than________.
1992-2007年所有的专八翻译及答案
2007年八级翻译PART V TRANSLATION(60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。
也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。
它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。
也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。
这是黄河滩上的一幕。
牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。
只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。
这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。
如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。
如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.? Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge - but desper¬ately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more crazy, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believed - and I believe even more strongly today - in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.===============================参考译文：Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their heads, eating by the river bank. Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of the Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where he is resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk. The exuberant water plants have nutrited the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls. When approaching near, you would find their lily-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial impressions.科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹。
1992-2007年所有的专八翻译及答案（2）
2007年八级翻译PART V TRANSL ATION(60 MIN)SECTIO N A CHINES E TO ENGLIS HTransl ate the underl inedpart of the follow ing text into Englis h. Writeyour transl ation on ANSWER SHEETTHREE.暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。
也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。
它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。
也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。
这是黄河滩上的一幕。
牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。
只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。
这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。
如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。
如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯SECTIO N B ENGLIS H TO CHINES ETransl ate the follow ing text into Chines e. Writeyour transl ation on ANSWER SHEETTHREE.Scient ificand techno logic al advanc es are enabli ng us to compre hendthe furthe st reache s of the cosmos, the most basicconsti tuent s of matter, and the miracl e of life.At the same time, today, the action s, and inacti on, of humanbeings imperi l not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.? Global izati on is making the worldsmalle r, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avianflu, and Iran remind us that a smalle r, faster worldis not necess arily a saferworld.Our worldis bursti ng with knowle dge - but desper¬atelyin need of wisdom. Now, when soundbitesare gettin g shorte r, when instan t messag es crowdout essays, and when indivi duallivesgrow more crazy, colleg e gradua tes capabl e of deep reflec tionare what our worldneeds.For all thesereason s I believ ed - and I believ e even more strong ly today- in the unique and irrepl aceab le missio n of univer sitie s.===============================参考译文：Beside this pictur e with profus ionsof colors, a groupof sheepare lowing theirheads, eating by the riverbank. Hardly none of them wouldsparesome time to raisetheireyes to have a glance at the beauti ful dusk. They are, perhap s, taking use of everyminute to enjoytheirlast chew before beingdriven home. This is a pictur e of the Yellow Riverbank, in whichthe shephe rd disapp ears, and no one knowswherehe is restin g himsel f. Only the sheep, howeve r, as free creatu res, are joyful ly apprec iatin g the dusk. The exuber ant waterplants have nutrit ed the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls. When approa ching near, you wouldfind theirlily-whiteteethand a variet y of innoce nt facial impres sions.科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹。
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1992年翻译真题精解版(2009-09-02 11:53:56)转载分类：翻译篇标签：黄涛考研翻译1992年考研翻译真题解析71．There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.结构分析：全句属于there be +N. 结构，全句还包含了一个more…than 的比较结构，前后结构对称，都是接了一个句子。
agreement 后面跟了on the kinds of behavior 做其后置定语，behavior 后面又跟了过去分词referred to by the term作其后置定语；而than there is 后面又省略了一个相同的词汇agreement. 所以全句理解为：There（there be结构的翻译－增加泛指主语）is more（比较结构）agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than（比较结构）there is 省略（agreement）on how to interpret or classify them（指代关系）.参考译文：人们对（智力）这个词所指的各种行为的看法一致，而如何对其进行解释或分类，人们的看法则不尽相同。
测试点：比较结构；介词和过去分词做后置定语，省略；指代关系举一反三：more A than B短语的译法：1. 如果这个结构前后接的是短语，则通常翻译成为：与其说B，不与说A；或翻译成：有A无B。
比如：He is more brave than wise. 与其说他聪明，不与说他勇敢。
然后意译为：他有勇无谋。
2. 如果前后接的是句子，则常翻译为：有A，而没有B。
72．Intelligence test is a rough measure of a child‟s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to---it was not designed for such purposes. 12. To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.结构分析：全句是用不定式To criticize it for such failure做主语（it指代什么，需要到上文去寻找，因为it是单数，应该到前面去找到一个单数名词，而前面两个句子都是用it做主语，所以再往前找到第一句的主语intelligence test，所以it应该指代前面的智力测试，）such failure属于名词指代的重要考点；（因为failure表示“没有”的意思，因此我们可以往上去找一个带有否定意思的词语，根据层层指代，such purposes, not supposed to, 再到not measure character, social adjustment，我们由此可以推断such failure 指代智力测试不能测试人的性格等特点的情况）。
谓语是is roughly comparable to （comparable to这一词组表示类比，可译为“如同……一样”）criticizing a thermometer for…velocity。
（for是动词criticizing要求的）。
参考译文：批评智力测验没有测试孩子的性格等情况，大概犹如批评温度计不测风速一样。
测试点：代词和名词指代；动词（criticize）+(for)介词短语；形容词短语举一反三：在翻译中遇到代词时一定要到前面去找其指代的内容，一般说来it, they, them都要求把其指代的名词说出来。
指代的依据一般是就近原则和单复数原则。
比如it只能指代前面的单数名词或整个句子。
73. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with whi ch we are comparing our subjects provides a …valid‟ or …fair‟ comparison.结构分析：Now since相当于now that, 引导的是个状语从句，一直到matter结束，状语从句结束时应该用逗号，但英语经常把状语从句后的逗号省略，主句是we must be后面部分，be sure of 后面接的that宾语从句必须要省略介词of。
宾语从句里用the scale 做主语，后面接了介词加which引导的定语从句，the scale的谓语是provides.测试学专业词汇：subjects试验对象；scale尺度；参考译文：既然对智力的测试是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象作比较时，我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。
测试点：状语从句；定语从句；宾语从句；专业词汇举一反三：1．在be+ 形容词+of+ that从句这个结构中of必须要省略，但接其它从句介词of不能省略，比如：be aware that(意识到)；be confident that(有信心)；还有关于测试学的专业词汇要多记。
2．英语中的状语和状语从句放到主句前面，但在结束之后经常省略逗号，因而造成翻译理解的障碍，要特别注意学会断句。
但状语从句放到主句后面的时候，不用打逗号。
比如：According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because outsider competitors will continue to exist。
这句话里用了according to介词短语做状语，但后面没有用逗号，全句应该这么理解：According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because outsider competitors will continue to exist。
另外还有As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past. 全句需要在future后面打个逗号，句子的层次就很清楚了。
74．The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.结构分析：全句的主句The first two must be equal for all who are being compared；其中for是个介词，理解为“对...来说”；all 是个代词，意思是所有被比较者，who引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的代词all. 被动结构是are being compared，应该理解“做比较”。
if引导的是个条件状语从句，主语是any comparison，后面的介词短语是个固定短语，in terms of (就...而言，从…方面)；第二被动结构是is to be made，应该翻译成主动意思。
equal属于熟词生义，理解为“一样的，同样的”。
参考译文：如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。
测试点：状语从句；定语从句；被动结构；介词短语in terms of举一反三：熟悉英语的被动句子的翻译，尽量翻译成为主动的意思。
75．On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence，but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.结构分析：On the whole是个介词短语，放在句首，要单独翻译。
全句的主语是such a conclusion；被动结构can be drawn做谓语；介词短语with a certain degree of confidence做状语，修饰前面的动词drawn。
but表示“但是” 的意思，后面接了两个句子并列：第一是only if（只要）the child can be assumed to（被动结构）have had the same attitude towards the test as the others （others指代其他孩子）；其中短语the same…as.理解为（与….一样）；with whom 引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的代词the others。
代词he指代前面的孩子。
第二个并列结构是and only if引导的条件状语从句；被动结构was not punished翻译成主动，by lack of相当于for lack of （因为缺乏）；which引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的名词information。
参考译文：总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须能够假定，这个孩子对测试的态度和与其进行比较的其它孩子是相同的；并且能够假定，他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具有的有关知识而受惩罚（被扣分测试点：并列结构；被动结构；定语从句；固定短语。