William Blake--London

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威廉·布莱克的《伦敦》主题探析

威廉·布莱克的《伦敦》主题探析

威廉·布莱克的《伦敦》主题探析齐齐哈尔师范高等专科学校学报N o.3,2019G en era.N o.1682019年第3期(总第168期)Jo u rn al o f Q iq ih ar Ju n io r T each ers ’C o llege威廉·布莱克(W illiam B lak e,1757-1827)是英国18世纪著名的诗人兼版画家,被称为英国文学史上“第一位重要的浪漫主义诗人”。

布莱克出身贫寒,生于伦敦普通袜商家庭,未接受过正规教育,生活简单平静,在世时,他的作品并未受到广泛关注。

直到19世纪末,人们开始重新欣赏审视他的绘画和诗歌,从此他名声大噪,确立了在艺术界的崇高地位。

时至今日,不少批评家把布莱克与乔叟、斯宾塞、莎士比亚、弥尔顿、华兹华斯相提并论,视他为英国最重要的六位诗人之一。

中国著名学者王佐良老先生对布莱克的诗歌造诣赞叹有加:“无论就内容的尖锐性和表现上的有力与美丽来说,他的短诗是前无古人的,而他的长诗,就连形式都是一种独创,其深刻的内容在今后若干年内都会有人去挖掘。

毫无疑问,威廉·布莱克是全部英语诗歌史上最重要的诗人之一。

”[1]《伦敦》是威廉·布莱克的代表诗作之一,诗歌篇幅短小(全诗4诗节,共16行)却意义深刻隽永,被称为“最有力的短诗”(th e m igh tiest b rief p oem )。

[2]全诗笔调苍凉,通过“我”在伦敦街头的所见所闻所想,刻画了一幅萧索凄凉的画面,生动展现了工业革命背景下的伦敦城中穷苦百姓的种种艰辛与挣扎,表达出诗人对英国社会现实的强烈不满和对受压迫人民的深切同情。

威廉·布莱克的诗歌创作独具匠心,诗中所刻画的视觉意象和听觉意象丰富生动,声音节奏苍劲有力,加之反复出现的“首语重复”和“对比”两种修辞手法的有效利用都对诗歌主题的呈现起到至关重要的作用。

一、诗歌意象与主题呈现根据金莉和张剑两位老师所编著的《文学原理教程》,诗歌意象(poetic im age )可被定义为“a verb al p ictu re,an ob ject seen ,or th e con crete rep resen tation of th e ou tward form of a p er-son ”,也可被定义为“wh at is h eard or wh at is felt:a sou n d ,a tou ch ,an od ou r,a taste,an d an y b od ily sen sation ”,广义上说意象指的是“a word or a seq u en ce of word s wh ich refers to an y sen se of sen sory exp erien ce ”,[3]总之意象指的是诗歌中所呈现的各种感官体验,常见的包含所见、所闻、所触、所感等。

从英诗的美学角度鉴赏《London》

从英诗的美学角度鉴赏《London》

从英诗的美学角度鉴赏《London》作者:张玉姣来源:《青年文学家》2019年第18期[中图分类号]:I106; [文献标识码]:A[文章编号]:1002-2139(2019)-18--011.作者简介威廉·布莱克(William Blake),英国文学史上伟大浪漫主义诗人之一。

主要诗作有诗集《纯真之歌》、《经验之歌》等。

其早期作品简洁明快,中后期作品趋向玄妙深沉,充满神秘色彩。

他一生中与妻子相依为命,以绘画和雕版的劳酬过着简单平静的创作生活。

后来诗人叶芝等人重编了他的诗集,人们才惊讶于他的虔诚与深刻。

接着是他的书信和笔记的陆续发表,他的神启式的伟大画作也逐渐被世人所认知,于是诗人与画家布莱克在艺术界的崇高地位从此确立无疑。

布莱克的诗摆脱了18世纪古典主义教条的束缚,以清新的歌谣体和奔放的无韵体抒写理想和生活,有热情,重想象,开创了浪漫主义诗歌的先河。

他的浪漫主义气息远比其后的浪漫主义诗人,如华兹华斯、济慈、雪莱等更加深刻。

布莱克写作风格独特,被20世纪的学者们誉为英国文学史上最重要的伟大诗人之一。

《伦敦》主要写了当诗人走在伦敦街头时看到的悲惨景象。

在被占领的伦敦街道上,行人面容哀伤,婴儿们害怕地哭泣,禁令在不断地传达出来。

从教堂传出来的是扫烟囱的孩子的凄厉的哭声,士兵不断地倒在鲜血中,而在深夜,路边的妓女不停的诅咒声压过了新生婴儿的哭声,喜宴变成了丧葬仪式。

诗中诗人描写的就是这样一幅悲惨的景象。

2.《伦敦》的美学特征2.1音乐美诵读一首好诗,就像聆听一首优美的歌曲。

诗歌最早是和音乐一起诞生,在我国古代,合乐者为诗,不合乐者为歌。

而英诗中语言也具有很强的音乐性,雪莱在《诗辩》中说:“诗人的语言总是会有某种划一而和谐的声音之重现。

凡是诗情充溢的语言,都遵守和谐重现的规律,同时还注意这种规律与音乐美的关系”。

埃德加·艾伦·坡也认为“诗是与愉悦的思想结合在一起的音乐”。

在《伦敦》这首诗中,全诗由四个诗节组成,以五音步抑扬格的形式写成。

从英诗的美学角度鉴赏《london》

从英诗的美学角度鉴赏《london》

从英诗的美学角度鉴赏《london》
《London》是英国诗人William Blake于1794年创作的一首诗歌,它描绘了伦敦的景象,表达了作者对伦敦的热爱和深深的思念。

从美学角度来看,《London》是一首充满着悲伤和深情的诗歌,它把作者的心情和思绪表达得淋漓尽致。

诗中描绘的伦敦景象,令人感受到作者对伦敦的热爱和思念,他用悲伤的语调描绘了伦敦的街道、桥梁、建筑物等,以及伦敦人民的悲惨遭遇,表达了作者对伦敦的深深思念。

此外,诗中还描绘了伦敦的悲惨景象,比如“悲伤的婴儿哭泣着”,“悲惨的母亲把孩子抱在怀里”,“悲惨的母亲把孩子抱在怀里”,这些描绘出了伦敦人民的悲惨遭遇,令人感到悲伤。

总之,《London》是一首充满悲伤和深情的诗歌,它把作者对伦敦的热爱和思念表达得淋漓尽致,令人感受到作者对伦敦的深深思念。

它不仅描绘了伦敦的景象,还把伦敦人民的
悲惨遭遇表达得淋漓尽致,令人感到悲伤。

布莱克的伦敦诗歌鉴赏

布莱克的伦敦诗歌鉴赏

布莱克(William Blake)是18世纪末19世纪初的英国浪漫主义诗人和艺术家,他的伦敦诗歌是他作品中的重要组成部分。

以下是对布莱克的伦敦诗歌进行的简要鉴赏:布莱克的伦敦诗歌以揭示城市现实中人们的苦难和压抑为主题,通过诗人独特而激起共鸣的方式表达了他对社会不公和人类困境的关注。

他运用生动的形象、深邃的意象和强烈的表达力,使诗歌具有强烈的感染力。

其中最著名的伦敦诗歌包括《伦敦》和《经验之歌》。

《伦敦》描绘了城市的黑暗和不公,通过对街头、河流和教堂等场景的描写,表达了人们心灵的枷锁和社会的束缚。

《经验之歌》则通过“经验小男孩”的视角,展现了人们欲望和受压抑的内心世界。

这些诗歌中流露出对社会制度和道德观念的质疑,以及对人类灵魂自由和解放的渴望。

布莱克的伦敦诗歌还强调了个体的价值和尊严。

他谴责了社会的剥削和压迫,并提倡个体的自由和真实性。

通过对工人和儿童等弱势群体的关注,他揭示了人类的困境和不平等,并呼唤悲悯、同情和社会变革。

总体而言,布莱克的伦敦诗歌以其深邃而独特的艺术表达和对社会问题的关切而被广泛赞赏。

他通过诗歌唤起读者对人类境遇的思考,同时也以其对个体自由和人性尊严的探索,成为浪漫主义文学中的杰出代表。

London William Blake概要

London William Blake概要

The Poem’s Background
• In the poem the speaker wanders through the streets of London and comments on his observations. He sees despair in the faces of the people he meets and hears fear and repression in their voices. The woeful cry of the chimney-sweeper stands as a chastisement to the Church, and the blood of a soldier stains the outer walls of the monarch's residence. The nighttime holds nothing more promising: the cursing of prostitutes corrupts the newborn infant and sullies the "Marriage hearse."
The Poem’s Backgro Nhomakorabeand•
William Blake’s poem “London”, deals with the difficult and hard life in London at that time. He describes how dirty the streets and the Thames is and how the poor people suffer hopelessly and how they are in dire need of money. He has created a dark atmosphere, that’s dull and tiring.

从英诗的美学角度鉴赏《London》

从英诗的美学角度鉴赏《London》

文学评论·外国文学从英诗的美学角度鉴赏《London》张玉姣 西北大学[中图分类号]:I106 [文献标识码]:A[文章编号]:1002-2139(2019)-18-121-011.作者简介威廉•布莱克(William Blake),英国文学史上伟大浪漫主义诗人之一。

主要诗作有诗集《纯真之歌》、《经验之歌》等。

其早期作品简洁明快,中后期作品趋向玄妙深沉,充满神秘色彩。

他一生中与妻子相依为命,以绘画和雕版的劳酬过着简单平静的创作生活。

后来诗人叶芝等人重编了他的诗集,人们才惊讶于他的虔诚与深刻。

接着是他的书信和笔记的陆续发表,他的神启式的伟大画作也逐渐被世人所认知,于是诗人与画家布莱克在艺术界的崇高地位从此确立无疑。

布莱克的诗摆脱了18世纪古典主义教条的束缚,以清新的歌谣体和奔放的无韵 体抒写理想和生活,有热情,重想象,开创了浪漫主义诗歌的先河。

他的浪漫主义气息远比其后的浪漫主义诗人,如华兹华斯、济慈、雪莱等更加深刻。

布莱克写作风格独特,被20世纪的学者们誉为英国文学史上最重要的伟大诗人之一。

《伦敦》主要写了当诗人走在伦敦街头时看到的悲惨景象。

在被占领的伦敦街道上,行人面容哀伤,婴儿们害怕地哭泣,禁令在不断地传达出来。

从教堂传出来的是扫烟囱的孩子的凄厉的哭声,士兵不断地倒在鲜血中,而在深夜,路边的妓女不停的诅咒声压过了新生婴儿的哭声,喜宴变成了丧葬仪式。

诗中诗人描写的就是这样一幅悲惨的景象。

2.《伦敦》的美学特征2.1音乐美诵读一首好诗,就像聆听一首优美的歌曲。

诗歌最早是和音乐一起诞生,在我国古代,合乐者为诗,不合乐者为歌。

而英诗中语言也具有很强的音乐性,雪莱在《诗辩》中说:“诗人的语言总是会有某种划一而和谐的声音之重现。

凡是诗情充溢的语言,都遵守和谐重现的规律,同时还注意这种规律与音乐美的关系”。

埃德加•艾伦•坡也认为“诗是与愉悦的思想结合在一起的音乐”。

在《伦敦》这首诗中,全诗由四个诗节组成,以五音步抑扬格的形式写成。

London--William Blake鉴赏

London deals with the dreadful(可怕的)scene in the industrialized London in the 18th century. In the first stanza(节), Blake gives an overview of the city and successfully creates the gloomy, dark and suffocating(令人窒息的)atmosphere. Blake applies varied rhetorical devices(修辞手法)in the poem,of which the most striking and significant is repetition. For example, the word “chartered” is reiterated i n line 1 and line 2 to emphasize the fact that the streets and river are owned by the wealthy upper class. And the word “mark” occurs in “mark in every face I meet”(li ne 3) and “mark of weakness, mark of woe”(line 4). The transition of the word “mark” from verb to noun manifests the change of observation to noticeable signs. Every person Blake meets in London is desperate and feeble. What a horrible scene it is! Repeated appearance of the word “every “in the second stanza stresses the idea that everyone suffers from misery. Blake hears the cry of the grown-ups, and of the infants in fear. Blake perceives the destructive restrictions on people’s mind caused by law and rules. “Mindforged manacle” is a metaphor(象征). Blake compares limitations with manacles. The expression that Blake hears “manacles” is synesthesia(牵联感).

19世纪英国阶级矛盾的诗歌

19世纪英国阶级矛盾的诗歌
在19世纪的英国,阶级矛盾是社会的主要问题之一,许多诗人通过他们的作品表达了对这一问题的关注和思考。

以下是一些反映19世纪英国阶级矛盾的诗歌:
1.《伦敦》(William Blake):
这首诗描绘了伦敦的贫富差距和阶级矛盾。

诗人通过对比富人的奢侈生活和穷人的苦难,表达了对社会不公的愤慨。

2.《哀歌》(Thomas Gray):
虽然这首诗主要关注的是个人的命运和悲伤,但其中也隐含了对社会阶级制度的批判。

诗人通过描绘一个贵族家庭的衰落,暗示了贵族阶级的腐朽和不可避免的衰败。

3.《工人的夜晚》(Elizabeth Barrett Browning):
这首诗以工人阶级的视角描绘了他们的苦难生活。

诗人通过描绘工人在恶劣的工作环境中辛勤劳作,表达了对工人阶级的同情和对社会不公的愤慨。

4.织布工之歌》(William Morris):
1.这是一首反映工人阶级生活的诗歌,描绘了织布工人在工厂中辛勤劳作的场景。

诗人通过表达对工人阶级的同情和对资本主义制度的批判,呼吁社会关注工人阶级的权益。

5.《阶级》(Alfred, Lord Tennyson):
这首诗直接探讨了阶级问题,表达了诗人对阶级矛盾的深刻思考。

诗人通过描绘不同阶级之间的隔阂和冲突,呼吁人们关注阶级问题并寻求解决之道。

这些诗歌只是19世纪英国反映阶级矛盾的一部分作品,还有许多其他诗人和作品也关注了这一问题。

这些诗歌不仅揭示了当时社会的阶级矛盾,也表达了诗人们对社会不公和阶级制度的深刻思考和批判。

WilliamBlake经典诗歌代表作:London伦敦(双语)

WilliamBlake经典诗歌代表作:London伦敦(双语)威廉·布莱克,英国第一位重要的浪漫主义诗人、版画家。

主要诗作有诗集《纯真之歌》、《经验之歌》等。

早期作品简洁明快,中后期作品趋向玄妙深沉,充满神秘色彩。

他一生中与妻子相依为命靠绘画和雕版的劳酬清贫为生,没有大书特书之处,只有一些一直延续的简单事实和紧迫的艺术创作活动。

后来诗人叶芝等人重编了他的诗集,人们才惊讶于他的纯真与深刻。

London ——William Blake伦敦——威廉布莱克I wandered through each chartered street,Near where the chartered Thames does flow,A mark in every face I meet,Marks of weakness, marks of woe.我走过每条独占的街道,徘徊在独占的泰晤士河边,我看见每个过往的行人有一张衰弱、痛苦的脸。

In every cry of every man,In every infant's cry of fear,In every voice, in every ban,The mind-forged manacles I hear:每个人的每声呼喊,每个婴孩害怕的号叫,每句话,每条禁令,都响着心灵铸成的镣铐。

How the chimney-sweeper's cryEvery blackening church appals,And the hapless soldier's sighRuns in blood down palace-walls.多少扫烟囱孩子的喊叫震惊了一座座熏黑的教堂,不幸兵士的长叹化成鲜血流下了宫墙。

But most, through midnight streets I hear How the youthful harlot's curseBlasts the new-born infant's tear,And blights with plagues the marriage-hearse. 最怕是深夜的街头又听年轻妓女的诅咒!它骇注了初生儿的眼泪,又用瘟疫摧残了婚礼丧车。

London_William_Blake (1) 4


Structure
As the title of the collection suggests, London is presented in a very regular way, much like a song. There is a strict abab rhyme scheme in each of the four stanzas. The four stanzas offer a glimpse of different aspects of the city, almost like snapshots seen by the speaker during his "wander thro'" the streets.
• To express the dissatisfaction to the society, Both Wordsworth and Blake wrote poem about London
The reason of writing this poem
William Blake rejected established religion for various reasons. One of the main ones was the failure of the established Church to help children in London who were forced to work. Blake lived and worked in the capital, so was arguably well placed to write clearly about the conditions people who lived there faced.
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Besides the word “chartered”, can you find other repetitions in the poem? How do you understand them?

Blake’s repetition, thudding and oppressive, reflects the suffocating atmosphere of the city.
Songs of Innocence (1789)《天真之歌》


Designed to publish for children, in simple language a child can understand, depicting a child’s delight in the harmony of nature and people (with illustrations of his own) Strange, simple beauty both in themes and in language and in verse form and rhythm
William Blake 布莱克
Life and Literary Career (1757-1827)




Engraver, painter, printer and poet At age 4, had a vision of God, later saw a tree full of angels Went to a drawing school at 10, thus began his career as an artist Started writing poetry in his teens (12) A man of sharp perception, original thinking, exceptional boldness, contempt for reason, deep concern with the Revolution

But words also undergo transformation within this repetition: thus “mark”, between the third and fourth lines, changes from a verb to a pair of nouns--from an act of observation which leaves some room for imaginative elaboration.

Everything in this urban space---even the natural River Thames---submits to being “chartered”, a term which combines mapping and legalism. Blake’s repetition of this word reinforces the sense of restriction the speaker feels upon entering the city.

Songs of Experience (1794) 《经验之歌》



Presenting a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy, sometimes bitter tone Experience bringing a fuller sense of evil, joy replaced by bitterness A mixture of the simple and the childlike with the serious and the thoughtful in voice
The first quatrain


I wandered through each chartered street, Near where the chartered Thames does flow, And mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness, marks of woe,

What is the meaning of “chartered”?


charter: n. a written statement describing the rights that a particular group of people should have.(宪章) Charter: v. to state officially that a new organization, town or university has been established and has special rights and privileges.(特许设立)

Some songs from “Experience”


“London”, “The Chimney Sweeper”, “A Little Boy Lost”, “A Little Girl Lost”, “Infant Sorrow”, “A Poison Tree”, “The Sick Rose”, “Nurse’s Song” Change of voice into bitterness and anger, more concern about social ills and human weakness, exposition of tyranny in religion and patriarchy

Repetition is the most striking formal feature of the poem, and it serves to emphasize the prevalence of the horrors the speaker describes.
The second quatrain

How are they described?

Ironically, the speaker’s “meeting” with these marks represents the experience closest to a human encounter that the poem will offer the speaker. All the speaker’s subjects are known only through the traces they leave behind: the ubiquitous cries, the blood on the palace walls. Signs of human suffering abound, but a complete human form is lacking.
London
William Blake

What do you know about the poem from the title?

It is a poem about London, the city and people in London.

What is the location of the poem, countryside or city?

What is the speaker seeing and hearing in London?

He sees despair in the faces of the people he meets and hears fear and repression in their voices. The woeful cry of the chimney sweeper stand as a criticism to the Church, and the blood of a soldier stains the outer walls of the monarch’s residence. The nighttime holds nothing more promising: the cursing of prostitute corrupts the newborn infant and sullies the “marriage hearse”.
Works

Blake’s poetry largely divided in to 2 groups:

lyrical poems: “Poetical Sketches”
(poetry of ages 12-20), “Songs of Innocence”, “Songs of Experience”
Significance



A precursor of Romanticism in English poetry An innovative poet and thinker (mystic) Strong opposition to rationalism and tyranny of all forms, emphasis on intuition and imagination An undaunted revolutionary

Who are the people of London that Blake describes?


Men, infants, chimney-sweeper, soldier, harlot.

Do they have anything in common?

They are suffering from a miserable life.
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