GMAT逻辑假设题型
世毕盟：GMAT逻辑不同题型解题方法分析
GMAT逻辑不同题型解题方法分析对于GMAT逻辑提醒而言，常见GMAT逻辑题型主要有GMAT逻辑题假设题，GMAT逻辑题支持题以及GMAT逻辑题归纳题这三种题型，针对这三种GMAT 逻辑题解题方法也不尽相同，下面小编就这三种不同GMAT逻辑题型进行分析。
GMAT逻辑题假设题解题方法假设题的最有效方法就是对选项取非但是：1)GMAT逻辑题取非时注意least all only等词语的取非操作分别是all some other等2)有些选项可以strengthen原来的结论但未必是假设如OG1033)GMAT逻辑题假设题中排除他因也是一个重要方法和取非一起使用几乎无一失手4)取非後的选项要能够彻底否定原来论断否则就不是假设仅仅是support 如OG1955)如果GMAT逻辑题原论断是一个全面概念如only exact等表达假设选项中一般以only或not方式表达; 反之如果原论断是以some，or，and等方式表达那么only选项的取非不能充分推翻原论断就一定不能选(这个在时间不够要猜的时候特别有用)GMAT逻辑题支持题解题方法因为支持GMAT逻辑题的选项不像假设的范围那么窄如果对答案没有把握还是花些时间迅速浏览一下其他选项看看有没有遗漏可能性或者错选取非法对支持题一样有效如OG122另外一些GMAT逻辑题难题遇到相似或者似是而非的选项多对题干分析假相一下ETS为什么会出这个选项用意是什么有时候会豁然开朗的如OG184 体会一下ETS的用意吧反对消弱题型的GMAT逻辑题：还是总纲说的一定要先把握究竟GMAT逻辑题论点是什么论据这时候也比较重要因为如果仅仅反对论述中的原因而没有反对其论点或者论证结构这样的反驳是无力的典型的就是OG 102和120了另外反对题如果没有感觉找不到答案注意一些词的感情色彩即positive还是negative有时可以定位答案OG105 你可以不看GMAT逻辑题题干仅看问题搞定GMAT逻辑题答案吗?(不要因为这样考试就不看题目哦时间不够才这样我今天就是虽然还是错了不少^_^)GMAT逻辑题归纳题解题方法归纳题有个特点一般都可以找到GMAT逻辑题题干的paraphrase词语因此定位答案的速度可以加快如OG106 大家可以看看有多少个paraphrase? 其次要注意归纳题难点在于逻辑归纳时范围限制的变化尤其论据是调查研究等GMAT 逻辑题题中原论断针对的是哪些范围一般不能变化如果要变化必须说明这种变化的合理原因及代表性(说起来比较抽象但我也想不起来什么例题大概举个例子如果原来GMAT逻辑题题目说对中年人进行调查得出结论是中年人容易缺钙可以归纳出什么呢? 是老年人容易缺钙还是男性中年人容易缺钙? 因为男性中年人一定是中年人所以应该是后者这个大家应该不会有问题但是如果答案中没有後一个答案只有老年人容易缺钙然后选项中又说明了中年人直到老年都无法有效补充钙质那么前面的选项就对了思路是这样这个例子可能不是很typical 理解意思吧)值得注意的是，GMAT逻辑题答案往往是原论断的逆否命题的改写或者是paraphrase替换所以主要要看懂GMAT逻辑题题目的论述和结构即可。
gmat 经典的20道逻辑题
gmat 经典的20道逻辑题1. Fiona went to the store to buy either apples or oranges. If she bought apples, then she also bought pears. Fiona did not buy pears. What did she buy?- Answer: Oranges2. All dogs are animals. Max is a dog. Therefore, Max is an animal. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning3. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it must be raining. This is an example of: - Answer: Deductive reasoning4. All birds have wings. Penguins do not have wings. Therefore, penguins are not birds. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning5. Some cats are black. Whiskers is a cat. Therefore, Whiskers must be black. This is an example of:- Answer: Inductive reasoning6. All swans are white. John saw a swan that was black. Therefore, not all swans are white. This is an example of:- Answer: Counterexample7. If it snows, then the roads are slippery. The roads are not slippery. Therefore, it did not snow. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning8. All roses are flowers. The red thing in front of me is a rose. Therefore, the red thing in front of me is a flower. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning9. All of the players on the basketball team are tall. John is a player on the basketball team. Therefore, John must be tall. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning10. If I eat too much chocolate, then I will get a stomachache. I ate a lot of chocolate. Therefore, I will get a stomachache. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning11. If I study hard, then I will do well on the test. I did not do well on the test. Therefore, I did not study hard. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning12. If a car is red, then it is expensive. The car is red. Therefore, the car is expensive. This is an example of: - Answer: Deductive reasoning13. All cats are mammals. Whiskers is a mammal. Therefore, Whiskers must be a cat. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning14. If I eat breakfast, then I will have energy throughout the day. I ate breakfast. Therefore, I will have energy throughout the day. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning15. All students in the math club are good at math. Sarah is good at math. Therefore, Sarah must be a student in the math club. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning16. If I exercise regularly, then I will be healthy. I exercise regularly. Therefore, I am healthy. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning17. All squares are rectangles. All rectangles have foursides. Therefore, all squares have four sides. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning18. If it is summer, then it is hot. It is hot. Therefore, it must be summer. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning19. All cats have four legs. Whiskers is a cat. Therefore, Whiskers must have four legs. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning20. If it is windy, then the trees will sway. The trees are not swaying. Therefore, it is not windy. This is an example of:- Answer: Deductive reasoning。
GMAT逻辑assumption题型真题解析-智课教育
智课网 G M A T 备考资料GMAT逻辑assumption题型真题解析-智课教育GMAT逻辑从逻辑关系的角度思考,可以总结出一定的解题技巧,这些解题技巧是按照对应的逻辑推理模式得来的,经过做题,大家会发现其中的奥妙。
一、GMAT逻辑assumption题型分析1、assumption题的定义。
assumption题目,在GMAT逻辑中又称假设题。
它属于assumpti on题的一种特殊形式。
通常需要寻找一个充分条件,使得文章结论成立。
与assumption题型不同的是——支持题是提高可能性,而假设题目是使之成立。
2、assumption题型题的标志:1标志词:assumption、an addition premise、depend on…这些标志词是经常出现在一道题目的问题中,当我们看到问题中有这些标志词时,基本上可以判定这道题目为假设题。
2典型问法。
以下是假设题的问题的常用表达方法,这些句子中通常包含上面提到的标志词。
The conclusion in the argument above is based on which of the following assumptions?Which of the following is an additional premise required by the argument above?Which of the following is required for the conclusion above?(详情请看 GMAT逻辑assumption题综述二、GMAT逻辑assumption题如何解题1、assumption题的解题思路。
假设题的解题思路是寻找与文中逻辑链最相关的条件,且能够使结论成立的选项。
正确答案通常是使前提到结论成立的必要条件。
2、assumption题的解题步骤。
1、找出原文中的前提和结论,用简要的逻辑要素提炼出前提和结论涉及的主要逻辑对象。
GMAT逻辑几类题型的解题技巧
这种GMAT逻辑题型解题方法在很多时候适用于考试时间紧张的情况，可以帮助大家简化解题思路，三步解题。
下面一起来看一下吧。
一、GMAT逻辑解题第一步：按问题区分题型1、WEAKEN：削弱题。
削弱原文结论，或者支持相反结论。
2、SUPPORT：支持。
支持原文结论，或者削弱相反结论。
3、ASSUMPTION(PREMISE)：假设(前提)，原文推理中必要的假设、前提或者事实。
CONCLUSION(INFER)：结论(推论)，可由原文推出的结论，包括主结论和副结论。
4、EVALUATION：评价。
找出影响推理的因素。
5、CONCLUSION(INFER)：结论(推论)。
正确描述推理过程和各部分的关系，总结最终结论。
6、FLAW：缺陷。
找出原文或者某一方存在的缺陷。
7、PARADOX(EXPLANATION)：矛盾(解释)。
解释推理得出的矛盾或者异常。
二、GMAT逻辑解题第二步：分析原文1、原文有结论。
分清前提，反前提，附加前提，中间结论和总结论，特别是推出结论的直接前提。
在脑中形成因为(直接前提)所以(结论)推理结构。
注意结论的特殊性和具体性。
2、原文没结论。
主要有CONCLUSION / PARADOX。
对第一类，有共同结合点的，将其结合起来，看能推出什么。
如果没有结合点，记住信息。
对于第二类，记住矛盾。
三、GMAT逻辑解题第三步：排除选项或找出答案1、预测答案。
如果有些问题类型和原文特点结合产生能预测答案的，则直奔答案。
2、用无关排除。
如果只能预测答案大体情况，则结合有关无关排除选项。
各类题有关无关概念不完全相同，但总体上是和谈论的话题有关就是有关。
3、用TEST检验。
用各分类的TEST去最后确认或从混淆的最后一两个答案中找出正确答案。
至此多数题能找到答案。
四、GMAT逻辑各类题型的解题过程演示1、WEAKEN：削弱1)看原文：找出结论和推出该结论的前提。
特别注意结论的特殊性和具体性。
2)找答案：用结论的具体性去区分有关无关，并结合TEST。
GMAT逻辑题型讲解以及解题技巧
GMAT逻辑题型讲解以及解题技巧gmat考试包括GMAT数学、GMAT语文和GMAT写作，GMAT逻辑推理是GMAT 语文的重要一环，备考GMAT逻辑题也十分重要，GMAT逻辑题型有哪些呢？下面教育优选就详细为大家分析一下GMAT逻辑题型的种类以及相应的解题技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。
第四章 GMAT逻辑题型一、削弱题(反驳题) ：选一选项，反驳文章(一)标志词：weaken， cast doubt， argue， against， damage， counter，challenge， refute， jeopardize， undermine， rebuttal(缺陷题：)drawback，flaw， criticism， reasoning error， weakness， fail to do 缺陷题常常是指出推理的逻辑错误，如：由A→B，不能得出B→A(二)技巧：1、模糊词一般不选，含some， not all(not + 极端词)， possible等模糊词的选项；但极端结论可以用模糊词反驳；2、条件选项一般都错；3、若结论是if A， B； when A， B承认A，削弱B；4、若结论是Plan Goal，承认Plan，削弱Goal5、正确选项：与原文论据的话题最接近，作用于相对量；6、反驳某物会下降：下降不了(错)；下降后还会再上升(对)7、A B C D，先反驳A链接：一、很多题目都可以当成反驳题来做1、假设题：对正确选项取非，能够反驳文章2、评价题：对正确选项回答Yes或No将分别反驳或者支持文章(作用相反)3、加强题：对正确选项取非并不能反驳文章。
(与假设题的区别)4、归纳题：正确选项不能反驳文章5、解释题：文章前后自相矛盾，正确选项解释了能够反驳前文的内容二、反驳的方法1、反驳现象解释文：还有其他解释——有时是支持题答案，而非假设题答案：香烟税的题2、反驳“偷龙转凤”的推理错误：龙凤之间存在差异，不能互换比如：(1)题目：每包香烟税上升8美分后的一年，香烟销量下降了10%。
GMAT逻辑假设题解析(47)
GMAT逻辑假设题解析（47）假设题一般是先给出一段陈述、论证、意见或事实，然后要求从陈述中的概括和推断两个方面作出最佳选择。
试题往往会问：在下面的陈述中能得出上述的推断吗?接下来小编就GMAT逻辑假设题解析介绍给大家，希望为考生备考GMAT逻辑助一臂之力。
一、ASSUMPTION(PREMISE)：假设(前提)47.Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?Davison River farmers are currently deciding between planting winter wheat this fall or spring wheat next spring. Winter wheat and spring wheat are usually about equally profitable. Because of new government restrictions on the use of Davison River water for irrigation, per acre yields for winter wheat, though not for spring wheat, would be much lower than average. Therefore, planting spring wheat will be more profitable than planting winter wheat, since .(A) the smaller-than-average size of a winter wheat harvest this year would not be compensated for by higher winter wheat prices (相关：产量下降，价格不能补偿)(B) new crops of spring wheat must be planted earlier than the time at which standing crops of winter wheat are ready to be harvested (不相关：种植时期冲突原因)(C) the spring wheat that farmers in the Davison River region plant is well adapted to the soil of the region (不相关：土壤适应性)(D) spring wheat has uses that are different from those of winter wheat (不相关：作物用途)(E) planting spring wheat is more profitable than planting certain other crops, such as rye (不相关：其他作物)分类：看原文：前提1(隐含假设)：前提2(事实)：总结论(推测)：找答案：TEST：模型或要素：秋季作物、春季作物、利润、产量、价格考点：否定不利因素;比较，找差异。
gmat逻辑题题型总结
1. GMAT逻辑题：反对题和支持题(1)反对题：weaken, undermine, call into question, cast doubt on 4种作法：A、釜底抽薪：反对原因反对A—B时可说A不成立。
B、欲擒故纵：反证法假设结论成立，推出矛盾、谬误，与现实不符的情况。
C、抬杠法：直接反对结论。
欲反对A—B，直接说B不成立。
D、他因法：存在其他原因。
欲反对A—B，可说C—B。
(2)支持题：support, strengthen 3种作法：A、搭桥法：把所缺的条件补上。
欲支持A——B，补上C，得C—A—B。
B、罗嗦法：把B再说一遍。
C、具体事例法：举文中没有讲过的例子作为正面论据。
(3) IF TRUE原则：不要怀疑5个选项的成立性，一切以他们的成立为前提。
取非，将支持原文的原因取非2. GMAT逻辑题型A.assumption②weaken③support 原文一定有现象到结论的差异，差异既答案所在，找到的答案是必要条件即可，不必是充要条件。
assumption：如果选想取非以后，是原文中某部分不成立，则是正确答案B.如果…，就不那么有用了”，把原文有用的原因取非。
3.GMAT逻辑题出题点**问老观点的假设, 把老观点的推论再说一遍.OG1密切关注反义疑问句, 特殊的语气出题点原因是重要(逻辑)题眼 OG9支持结论的专有名词是infer题眼 OG9**注意easy, simple等特殊的语气词表示一定有题, 问错误的逻辑原因, 前提.逻辑题眼比较抽象例子易出逻辑题找前提OG13本题注意细节的排除，坚决按照原文信息!原文未出现的信息坚决不能选!尤其注意极端词汇!**注意假设一般是比较抽象的选项, 不能出现细节. OG14因果关系是逻辑题眼OG15** 对比事物的特征, 容易出逻辑题 .be able to题型 OG17** 两个事物的类比, 易出逻辑题infer题 OG20** 原文的观点,理论常出逻辑应用题. OG22紧抓新老的不同点, 新老的重要题眼,出举例支持逻辑题 OG23** 原文数字的比较易出逻辑数学题试验内容infer题眼 OG29新旧方法的对比是逻辑题眼 OG32原因也可以出逻辑题,如攻击原因 OG37现象解释的原因是weaken题眼OG44段首的举例要注意, 重要题眼. OG47以上就是GMAT逻辑部分的常见试题类型，考生可以据此进行针对性的练习，逐步掌握GMAT逻辑常见题型的解题要点，从而在短期内提升GMAT逻辑成绩。
GMAT逻辑指导一假设(003)
GMAT逻辑指导假设，支持区别：假设理解假设：【syllogism】凡科学都是有用的凡社会科学都是科学------------------所以，凡社会科学都是有用的1.James cannot go to the store because his car is in the repair shop.2.The downturn in the economy last year has prompted many companies to make widelypublicized layoffs, resulting in thousands of lost jobs. Economists predicted that these layoffs would cause people generally to cut back on their discretionary spe nding, even if their jobs were secure, in anticipation of coming hard times. However, this prediction has not come to pass, since there has been no increase in the amount of money set aside by the general public in savings accounts.Which one of the following is an assumption on w hich the argument depends?The economy has not improved in recent months.(A)There has been no increase in the amount of money invested in stocks, certificates ofdeposit, or other savings vehicles.(B)Salaries have decreased as a result of the economic downturn.(C)No business sectors have seen growth in recent months.(D)Those who were laid off have been able to find other employment3. Allyson plays volleyball for Central High School. Therefore, Allyson must be over six feet tall.Supporter型1.Even though most universities retain the royalties from faculty members’ inventions, thefaculty members retain the royalties from books and articles they write. Therefore, faculty members should retain the royalties from the educational computer software they develop.The conclusion above would be more reasonably drawn if which of the following were inserted into the argument as an additional premise?(A) Royalties from inventions are higher than royalties from educational softwareprograms.(B) Faculty members are more likely to produce educational software programs thaninventions.(C) Inventions bring more prestige to universities than do books and articles.(D) In the experience of most universities, educational software programs are moremarketable than are books and articles.(E) In terms of the criteria used to award royalties, educational software programs aremore nearly comparable to books and articles than to inventions.2.New Jersey has one of the lowest motor vehicle fatality rates in the country, and it is one ofthe few states that require extensive annual automobile safety inspections. Therefore, all states should adopt similar safety inspection procedures.The argument above is based on which of the following assumptions?(A) Most states tend to impose few rules and regulations on the automobile drivers operating within those states.(B) Most states are skeptical that annual automobile safety inspections can reduce fatality rates.(C) Annual automobile safety inspections contribute sig nificantly to holding down New Jersey’s fatality rate.(D) Drivers in New Jersey are more safety conscious than are drivers in other parts of the country.(E) A smaller number of people die on the roads in New Jersey than in most other states.3.In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry,the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities.Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:(A)In most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable.(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.4.The federal government expects hospitals to perform 10,000 organ transplants next year. Butit is doubtful that this many donor organs will be available, since the number of fatalities resulting from car and motorcycle accidents has been dropping steadily over the past decade.The argument above makes which of the following assumptions?(A) A significant number of the organs used in transplants come from people who die in car and motorcycle accidents.(B) The number of car and motorcycle accidents will increase significantly during the next year.(C) No more than 10,000 people will be in need of organ transplants during the next year.(D) In the past the federal government’s estimates of the numb er of organ transplants needed during a given year have been very unreliable.(E) For any given fatality resulting from a car or motorcycle accident, there is a hospital in the vicinity in need of an organ for a transplant.Defender型1.Two centuries ago, Tufe Peninsula became separated form the mainland, isolating on thenewly formed Tufe Island a population of Turfil sunflowers.This population’s descendants grow to be, on average, 40 centimeters shorter than Turfil sun flowers found onthemainland. Tufe Island is significantly drier than Tufe Peninsula was. So the current average height of Tufe’sTurfil sunflowers is undoubtedly at least partially attributable to changes in Tufe’s environmental conditions.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?A.There are no types of vegetation on Tufe Island that are known to benefit from dryconditions.B.There were about as many Turfil sunflowers on Tufe Peninsula two centuries ago asthere are on Tufe Island today.C.The mainland’s environment h as not changed in ways that have resulted in Turfilsunflowers on the mainland growing to be 40 centimeters taller than they did twocenturies ago.D.The soil on Tufe Island, unlike that on the mainland, lacks important nutrients that helpTurfil sunflowers survive and grow tall in a dry environment.E.The 40-centimeter height difference between the Turfil sunflowers on Tufe Island andthose on the mainland is the only difference between the two populations.2.Press Secretary: Our critics claim that the President's recent highway project cancellationsdemonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled by oppositionparties. They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in such districts. But all of the canceled projects had been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisan auditors. So the President's choice was clearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary's argument depends?A. Canceling highway projects was not the only way for the President to punish legislativedistricts controlled by opposition parties.B. The scheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report were not mostl yprojects in districts controlled by the President's party.C. The number of projects canceled was a significant proportion of all the highway projectsthat were to be undertaken by the government in the near future.D. The highway projects canceled in districts controlled by the President's party were notgenerally more expensive than the projects canceled in districts controlled by opposition parties.E. Reports by nonpartisan auditors are not generally regarded by the opposition parties asa source of objective assessments of government projects3.Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior,information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy. The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.The conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that(A) problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which theyoccur(B) employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors(C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of themanagement hierarchy(D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no sourceother than their subordinates(E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they areperceived by their superiors”4.The downturn in the economy las t year has prompted many companies to make widelypublicized layoffs, resulting in thousands of lost jobs. Economists predicted that these layoffs would cause people generally to cut back on their discretionary spe nding, even if their jobs were secure, in anticipation of coming hard times. However, this predictionhas not come to pass, since there has been no increase in the amount of money set aside by the general public in savings accounts.Which one of the following is an assumption on w hich the argument depends?（A）The economy has not improved in recent months.（B）There has been no increase in the amount of money invested in stocks, certificates of deposit, or other savings vehicles.（C）Salaries have decreased as a result of the economic downturn.（D）No business sectors have seen growth in recent months.（E）Those who were laid off have been able to find other employment.In an attempt to reduce the crime rate, the governor is getting tough on criminals and making prison conditions harsher. Part of this effort has been to deny inmates the access they formerly had to college-level courses. However, this action is clearly c ounter to the governor’s ultimate goal, since after being released form prison, inmates who had taken such courses committed far fewer crimes overall than other inmates.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?A.Not being able to take college-level courses while in prison is unlikely to deter anyonefrom a crime that he or she might otherwise have committed.B.Former inmates are no more likely to commit crimes than are members of the generalpopulation.C.The group of inmates who chose to take college-level courses were not already less likelythan other inmates to commit crimes after being released.D.Taking high school level courses in prison has less effect on an inmate’s subsequentbehavior than taking college-level courses does.E.The governor’s ultimate goal actually is to gain popularity by convincing people thatsomething effective is being done about crime.Two centuries ago, Tufe Peninsula became separated form the mainland, isolating on the newly formed Tufe Is land a population of Turfil sunflowers. This population’s descendants grow to be, on average, 40 centimeters shorter than Turfil sunflowers found on the mainland. Tufe Island is significantly drier than Tufe Peninsula was. So the current average height of Tufe’sTurfil sunflowers is undoubtedly at least partially attributable to changes in Tufe’s environmental conditions.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?A.There are no types of vegetation on Tufe Island that are known to benefit from dryconditions.B.There were about as many Turfil sunflowers on Tufe Peninsula two centuries ago as thereare on Tufe Island today.C.The mainland’s environment has not changed in ways that have resulted in Turfilsunflowers on the mainland growing to be 40 centimeters taller than they did two centuries ago.D.The soil on Tufe Island, unlike that on the mainland, lacks important nutrients that helpTurfil sunflowers survive and grow tall in a dry environment.E.The 40-centimeter height difference between the Turfil sunflowers on Tufe Island andthose on the mainland is the only difference between the two populations.The average hourly wage of television assemblers in Vernland has long been significantly lower than that in neighboring Borodia. Since Borodia dropped all tariffs on Vernlandian televisions three years ago, the number of televisions sold annually in Borodia has not changed. However, recent statistics show a drop in the number of television assemblers in Borodia. Therefore, updated trade statistics will probably indicate that the number of televisions Borodia imports annually from Vernland has increased.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?A.The number of television assemblers in Vernland has increased by at least as much as thenumber of television assemblers in Borodia has decreased.B.Televisions assembled in Vernland have features that televisions assembled in Borodia donot have.C.The average number of hours it takes a Borodian television assembler to assemble atelevision has not decreased significantly during the past three years.D.The number of televisions assembled annually in Vernland has increased significantlyduring the past three years.E.The difference between the hourly wage of television assemblers in Vernland and thehourly wage of television assemblers in Borodia is likely to decrease in the next few years.In Teruvia, the quantity of rice produced per year is currently just large enough to satisfy domestic demand. Teruvia’s total rice acreage will not be expanded in the foreseeable future, nor will rice yields per acre increase appreciably. Teruvia’s population, however, will be increasing significantly for years to come. Clearly, therefore, Teruvia will soon have to begin importing rice.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?A.No pronounced trend of decreasing per capita demand for rice is imminent in Teruvia.B.Not all of the acreage in Teruvia currently planted with rice is well suited to the cultivation ofrice.C.None of the strains of rice grown in Teruvia are exceptionally high-yielding.D.There are no populated regions in Teruvia in which the population will not increase.E.There are no major crops other than rice for which domestic production and domesticdemand are currently in balance in Teruvia.In the past the country of Siduria has relied heavily on imported oil. Siduria recently implemented a program to convert heating systems from oil to natural gas. Siduria already produces more natural gas each year than it burns, and oil production in Sidurian oil fields is increasing at a steady pace. If these trends in fuel production and usage continue, therefore, Sidurian reliance on foreign sources for fuel should decline soon.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?A.In Siduria the rate of fuel consumption is rising no more quickly than the rate of fuelproduction.B.Domestic production of natural gas is rising faster than is domestic production of oil inSiduria.C.No fuel other than natural gas is expected to be used as a replacement for oil in Siduria.D.Buildings cannot be heated by solar energy rather than by oil or natural gas.E.All new homes that are being built will have natural-gas-burning heating systems.Three large companies and seven small companies currently manufacture a product with potential military applications. If the government regulates the industry, it will institute a single set of manufacturing specifications to which all ten companies will have to adhere. In this case, therefore,since none of the seven small companies can afford to convert their production lines to a new set of manufacturing specifications,only the three large companies will be able to remain in business.Which of the follo wing is an assumption on which the author’s argument relies?A.None of the three large companies will go out of business if the government does notregulate the manufacture of the product.B.It would cost more to convert the production lines of the small companies to a new set ofmanufacturing specifications than it would to convert the production lines of the largecompanies.C.Industry lobbyists will be unable to dissuade the government from regulating the industry.D.Assembly of the product produced according to government manufacturing specificationswould be more complex than current assembly procedures.E.None of the seven small companies currently manufactures the product to a set ofspecifications that would match those the government would institute if the industry were to be regulated.8: GWD-18-Q40Political advocacy groups have begun to use information services to disseminate information that is then accessed by the public via personal computer. Since many groups are thus able to bypass traditional news sources, whose reporting is selective, and to present their political views directly to the public, information services present a more balanced picture of the complexities of political issues than any traditional news source presents.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends?rmation services are accessible to enough people to ensure that political advocacygroups can use these services to reach as large a percentage of the public as they couldthrough traditional news sources.B.People could get a thorough understanding of a particular political issue by sorting throughinformation provided by several traditional news sources, each with differing editorialbiases.rmation on political issues disseminated through information services does not comealmost entirely from advocacy groups that share a single bias.D.Traditional news sources seldom report the views of political advocacy groups accurately.E.Most people who get information on political issues from newspapers and other traditionalnews sources can readily identify the editorial biases of those sources.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. GWD19-Q9:Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted. Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake’s waters have become cleaner. Fears are now being voiced that t he planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again. Howeve r, a technology for preventing leaks is being installed. Therefore, provided this technology is effective, those fears are groundless.The argument depends on assuming which of the following?A.Apart from development related to the pipeline, there will be no new industrial developmentaround the lake that will create renewed pollution in its waters.【不相关，construction of an oil pipeline not new industrial development】B.Other than the possibility of a leak, there is no realistic pollution threat posed to the lake bythe pipeline’s construction.C.There is no reason to believe that the leak-preventing technology would be ineffective wheninstalled in the pipeline in Lake Konfa.D.Damage to the lake’s fish populations would be the only harm that a leak of oil from thepipeline would cause.E.The species of fish that are present in Lake Konfa now are the same as those that were inthe lake before it was affected by pollution.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27. GWD20-Q27:Personnel officer: The exorbitant cost of our health-insurance benefits reflects the high dollar amount of medical expenses incurred by our employees. Employees who are out of shape, as a group, have higher doctor bills and longer hospital stays than do their colleagues who are fit. Therefore, since we must reduce our health-insurance costs, we should offer a rigorous fitness program of jogging and weight lifting to all employees, and require employees who are out of shape to participate.The conclusion reached by the personnel officer depends on which of the following assumptions?A. A person who is fit would receive a routine physical checkup by a doctor less regularly thanwould a person who is out of shape.B.The medical expenses incurred by employees who are required to participate in the fitnessprogram would be less than those incurred by employees who are not required toparticipate.C.The strenuous activities required of out-of-shape employees by the program would not bythemselves generate medical expenses greater than any reduction achieved by theprogram.D.The fitness program would serve more employees who are out of shape than it wouldemployees who are fit.E.The employees who participate in the fitness program would be away from work because ofillness less than would the employees who do not participate.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33: GWD-20-Q38In the past, every ten-percentage-point increase in cigarette prices in the country of Coponia has decreased per capita sales of cigarettes by four percent. Coponia is about to raise taxes on cigarettes by 9 cents per pack. The average price of cigarettes in Coponia is and has been for more than a year 90 cents per pack. So the tax hike stands an excellent chance of reducing per capita sales of cigarettes by four percent.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?A.Tobacco companies are unlikely to reduce their profit per pack of cigarettes to avoid anincrease in the cost per pack to consumers in Coponia.B.Previous increases in cigarette prices in Coponia have generally been due to increases intaxes on cigarettes.C.Any decrease in per capita sales of cigarettes in Coponia will result mainly from an increasein the number of people who quit smoking entirelyD.At present, the price of a pack of cigarettes in Coponia includes taxes that amount to lessthan ten percent of the total selling price.E.The number of people in Coponia who smoke cigarettes has remained relatively constantfor the past several years.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------38. GWD20-Q38:The ancient Nubians inhabited an area in which typhus occurred, yet surprisingly few of their skeletons show the usual evidence of this disease. The skeletons do show deposits of tetracycline, an antibiotic produced by a bacterium common in Nubian soil. This bacterium can flourish on the dried grain used for making two staples of the Nubian diet, beer and bread. Thus, tetracycline in their food probably explains the low incidence of typhus among ancient Nubians.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?A.The tetracycline deposits did not form after the bodies were buried.B.The diseases other than typhus to which the ancient Nubians were exposed would not beaffected by tetracycline.C.Typhus is generally fatal.D.Nubian grain became contaminated with tetracycline-producing bacteria prior to beingharvested.E.Bread and beer were the only foods eaten by the ancient Nubians which could havecontained tetracycline.。
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GMAT逻辑假设题型
做假设题需要掌握一个宗旨，这个宗旨就是：只需要找到一个能使得推理成立的条件或者说是必要条件，不需要去保证通过这个条件推理一定做到正确。
接下来小编就GMAT逻辑假设题型为大家介绍一下，助力考生顺利备考GMAT逻辑考试。
假设题型介绍：
1 标志词Assume，assumption，presuppose，not true unless，depend on，rely on，additional premise
2 解题思路
1)必要条件假设是推理成立的必要条件若一个推理在没有某一条件时，这个推理就必然不成立，那么这个条件就是段落推理的一个假设。
若A是B的一个必要条件(B→A)，那么非A→非B。
2)假设种类
前提与结论之间有本质联系：若前提与结论间有明显跳跃隐含的假设是--- “搭桥”前提的讨论对象与结论的讨论对象是有本质联系的。
推论可行或有意义：若推论根本就不可行或没有实际意义---段落推理必然不成立---这个假定是假设。
没有别的因素影响推论：当段落推理是要达到的一个目的而提出一个方法或建议或由一个调查、数据、研究或实验等而得出解释性结论推理成立所做的隐含假设多为---“没有别的因素影响推论”
3) 具体措施假设是前提和结论的桥梁假设加强结论。
3) 具体措施
假设是前提和结论的桥梁
假设加强结论
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