华慧中国科学院考博英语考试内容及项目
中国科学院考博英语考试内容及项目
中国科学院博士研究生英语入学考试是一种水平考试，命题不以任何一种研究生英语教材为主要命题依据。
考试材料主要来自于英、美主要报纸杂志及原版书籍。
题材主要涉及政治、经济、社会、文化和科普等领域的一般性知识；体裁有叙事、议论、描述、应用文等。
词汇一般控制在新大纲的8092个词之内。
考试采取主客观题相结合的方式：主观题占总分的35％，客观题占65％。
测试试卷包括试卷一和试卷二两部分。
试卷一测试词语用法、完形填空和阅读理解，试卷二测试书面表达。
全卷共计100分，考试
时间180分钟。
为了帮助考生了解命题要点、测试要求和评分标准，下面分别就每一具体项目作一简单介绍。
一、词汇
词汇部分占全卷总成绩的10％，总计20题，每题0．5分。
这部分试题的目的是检测考生是否理解性掌握了一定量的词汇、短语和惯用法。
词汇题的测试重点是动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配，常用词不同词性、不同词义的用法以及近义词、形近词的区别。
词和词组的测试范围基本以2002年《中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲》词汇表为参照依据(此大纲已由北京理工大学出版社出版)。
试题题型为选择填空。
每题为一个留有空白的英文句子，要求考生从所给的四个选项中，根据语法、句义找出最合适的词或词组填入空内。
如：
Communicating orally involves more than reading Or talking：gesture，posture，movements may all be _______ to it． A．intrinsic B．coherent C．appealing D．submissive
二、完形填空
完形填空部分占全卷总成绩的15％，总计15题，每题1分。
完形填空题测试形式是在一篇约250词的短文中留有15个空白，每个空白为一题。
要求考生在全面理解文章的基础上，从提供的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
选择项可以是一个单词，也可以是短语。
该题型目的
在于从语篇的角度考查考生阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握、语法规则的应用及对英语惯用法的熟悉程度。
三、阅读理解
阅读理解占全卷总成绩的40％。
阅读理解A节30分，总计30题，每题1分。
主要测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。
阅读总量为1800-
2000词：时间为60分钟:本题通常为5篇400字左右、有一定难度的短文。
根据文章的长短及信息量，每篇短文后有5-
7个问题：要求考生就题目从4个选项中选出最佳答案。
要求考生能：
(1)掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节；
(2)进行相关的判断和推理；
(3)准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义：
(4)领会作者观点和意图，判断作者的态度。
阅读理解B节10分，总计10题，每题1分；主要测试考生对于文章整体结构以及连贯性、一致性等语段特征的把握和理解。
阅读总量为700—
900词：时间为20分钟：本题通常为2篇短文，每篇短文后有6个句子。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6个句子中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5句。
考生应能：
(1)理解文章的整体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系：
(2)掌握文章的主题思想，理清文章的发展脉络；
(3)理解上下文的逻辑关系，进行相关的判断和推理：
四、英译汉
英译汉占全卷总成绩的15％，总计5题，每题3分。
通常为一篇400词左右、有一定难度的短文。
要求考生将英语短文中有下划线的5个句子翻译成汉语，主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。
五、写作
写作占全卷总成绩的20％。
要求考生按照命题、所给提纲或背景
图、表写出一篇不少于200字的短文。
目的是测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。
六、考试时间及计分
考试时间总计为180分钟，其中试卷一为110分钟，试卷二为70分钟。
卷面总分100分。
试卷一：
题号名称题量分值
时间／分
钟
I词汇选择填空 20 10 15
Ⅱ完形填空 15 15 15
Ⅲ一A阅读理解(A) 30 30 60
Ⅲ一B阅读理解(B) 10 10 20
小计 75 65 110
试卷二
题号名称题量分值
时间／分钟Ⅳ
5 15 30
英译汉语篇中的句子
V写作 1 20 40
小计 6 3570
中国科学院考博英语备考专题
2016年中国科学院考博英语VIP保过班-全程1对1辅导考中科院更轻松！2016年中国科学院考博英语协议全程班-5次1对1辅导考中科院更轻松！2016年中国科学院考博英语系统全程班-考中科院更轻松！
华慧中国科学院中科院考博英语一本通含独家历年试题答案解析
中国科学院/中科院考博英语历年真题汇总
中科院考博英语复习资料：
《中科院考博英语一本通》-华慧考博网
《中科院考博英语历年试题及参考答案解析》-华慧书城
《华慧考博英语10000词汇详解》-天猫商城：华慧旗舰店
《华慧考博英语阅读220篇》-天猫商城：华慧旗舰店
《华慧考博英语完形专项训练》-华慧书城
《华慧考博英语写作专项训练》-华慧书城
《华慧考博英语翻译专项训练》-华慧书城
华慧考博网中科院考博英语辅导班：
中科院考博英语VIP保过班-全程1对1辅导
中科院考博英语系统全程班-赠《华慧考博英语一本通》
中科院考博英语协议全程班-5次1对1辅导
中科院考博英语真题班-近三年中科院考博英语真题详解。
中科院博士英语
中国科学院研究生院学位英语B考试大纲根据《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办法》（1983年）中规定的外国语要求，并根据原国家教委颁布《非英语专业研究生英语（第一外语）教学大纲（试行稿）》中规定博士英语是申请博士学位的必要条件以及因此规定的博士英语要求，特制定本考试大纲，旨在考查拟申请中国科学院研究生院博士学位的人员是否达到了上述规定中的博士英语要求和具备了博士生应具备的英语语言运用能力。
笔试部分笔试部分由试卷一和试卷二构成。
试卷一包括：听力、英语知识运用与阅读理解两部分。
试卷二为书面表达部分。
两份试卷时间总长共150分钟，满分100分。
试卷一（70分）第一部分：听力（30分）本部分考查考生理解英语口语、获取特定信息以及简要笔记的能力。
A节：共10题，每题1分。
要求考生根据所听到的10段对话，从每题所给的4个选项中找出最佳答案。
每题有12-15秒答题时间。
每段对话的录音只播放一遍。
B节：共10题，每题1分。
要求考生根据所听到的两段对话或独白的内容，补全每篇对话或独白后的5个未完成的句子。
每篇对话或独白前后各给出30秒读题及答题时间。
问题不在录音中播放，只在试卷中印出。
每段录音材料播放两遍。
C节：共10题，每题1分。
要求考生根据所听到的3篇对话或独白简要回答10道有关该对话或独白的问题。
每题有40秒答题时间。
问题在试卷中印出并在录音中读出。
录音材料只播放一遍。
本部分约需时间35分钟。
第二部分：英语知识运用与阅读理解（40分）本部分考查考生对用于一定语境中的词汇、表达方式和结构的掌握和理解书面英语的能力。
A节：共15题，每题1分。
在1篇约300词的短文中留出15个空白，要求考生从短文后提供的30个词或表达式中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意义通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。
其中有11-12道题考查词汇和表达方式，3-4道题考查语法和语篇结构。
本节约需时间15分钟。
B节：共15题，每题1分。
考查考生理解总体和特定信息、猜词悟义、推断作者态度和意图的能力。
中国科学院博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题3.doc
中国科学院博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题（2002 年 3 月）PAPER ONEPART II STRUCTURE &VOCABULARY (15 points, 25 minutes)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or words below each sentence that best complete the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.16.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no but to report him to the local police.A.timeB. changeC. authorityD.alternative17.Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to _______ regret.A.teem withB. brim withC. come withD. look with18.There is only one difference between and old man and a young one: the young one has a gloriousfuture before him and the old one has a ________ future behind him.A・ splendid B・ conspicuousC・ uproarious D. imminent19- That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only necessity.A.within reach ofB. for fear ofC. by means ofD. in case of20.A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or express the emotion that it __________ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.A.reflectsB. retainsC. rousesD. radiates21. ________ the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10 minutes or until most of thewater has evaporated.A.Turn offB. Turn overC. Turn downD. Turn up22.Banks shall be unable to ________ , or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.A.write offB. put asideC. shrink fromD. come cover23-1 am to inform you, that you may, if you wish, attend the inquiry, and at the inspectors discretion sate your case ___________ or through an entrusted representative.A. in personB. in depthC. in secretD. in excess24.In his view, though Hong Kong has no direct cultural identity, local art is thriving by"being _________ J being open to all kinds of art.A. gratifyingB. predominatingC. excellingD. accommodating25.In some countries preschool education in nursery schools or kindergartens ________ the 1 grade.A. leadsB. precedesC. forwardsD. advances26.Desert plants _______ two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought.A.break downB. fall intoC. differ inD. refer to27.In the airport, I could hear nothing except the roral of aircraft engines which _______ all other sounds.A.dwarfedB.diminishedC. drownedD. devastated28.Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not ______________ and should be avoided if possible.A.constructiveB. productiveC. descriptiveD. relative29.The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide information in the of investigations.A.caseB. chaseC. causeD. course30.Since neither side was ready to __________ what was necessary for peace, hostility were resumed in 1980.A.precedeB.recedeC・ concede D. intercede31 • Such an __________ act of hostility can only lead to war.A.overtB. episodicC. ampleD. ultimate32._______ both in working life and everyday living to different sets of values, and expectationsplaces a severe strain on the individual.A. RecreationB. TransactionC. DisclosureD. Exposure33.It would then be replaced by an interim government, which would ______________ be replaced by a permanent government after four months.A. in stepB. in turnC. in practiceD. in haste34.Haven't I told you I don't want you keeping _______ with those awful riding about bicycle boys?A. companyB. acquaintanceC. friendsD. place35.Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply every cheat in the marketplace.A. at the mercy ofB. in lieu ofC. by courtesy ofD. for the price ofSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: In each of the following sentences there are four parts underlined and marked A, B, C, and D.Indicate which of the four partrs is incorrectly used by drawing a single bar across the squarebrackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.36.The auctioneer must know fair accurately the current market values of the goodsA B Che is selling.D37.Children are among the most frequent victims of violent, dmg・related crimes thatoverriding majority since they are at heavy demand in the market, c 44. Retailers offered Ddeep discounts and extra hours this weekend in B C (he bid toDlureshoppers.45. The amendments A A B Chave nothing doing with the cost of acquiring the drugs.D38.A large collection of contemporary photographs, including some taken by MaryA Bare on display at the meseum.C D39.There is much in our life which we do not control and we are not even responsible for.A B C D40.Capital inflows w订1 also tend to increase the international value of the dollar, A Bmake it more difficult to sell U.S. exports.C D41.It can be argued that the problems, even something as fundamental as theA Bever-increased world population, have been caused by technological advanceC D42.It takes lhe mosl cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist theA B Ctemptation to revenge as subjected to uncivilized behavio匚D43.Wh订e experts in basic science are important, skilled talents should be theA Bof the laws on patent, trademark and copyright have enhancedBprotection of intellectual property rights and made them confonn to WTO rules. C DPART m CLOSE TEST (15 points, 15 minutes)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the squarebrackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transition. As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change. One of the more obvious 46 has occurred in the roles that women 47 • Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, 48 maintaining their family roles of nurturing and their family roles of nurturing and creating a(n) 49 that is a haven for all family members. 50 many women experience strain from trying to “do it alf\ they often enjoy the increased 51 that can result from playing multiple roles. As womens roles have changed, changing expectations about merTs roles have become more 52 • Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility 53 the family provider. Probably the most significant change in men's roles, however, is in the emotional 54 of family life. Men are increasing 55 to meet the emotional needs of their families, 56 their wives.In fact, expectations about the emotional domain of marriage have become more significant for marriage in general. Research on 57 marriage has changed over recent decades points to the increasing importance of the emotional side of the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the "emotion work，，58 to nourish marriages and other family relationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent, 59 both partners nurture each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which merTs and women's roles are becoming increasingly more 6() •46. A. incidents B・C・ results D. effects47. A. take B. do C. playD show48. A. by B. while C. hence D. thus49. A. home B. garden C. arena D. paradise50. A. When B. Even though C. Since D.Nevertheless51. A. rewards B. profits C. privileges D. incomes52. A. general B. acceptable C. popular D. apparent53. A. as B. of C. from D. for54. A. section B・ constituent C. domain D・ point55. A. encouraged B. expected C. advised D. predicted56. A. not to mention B. as well as C. including D. especially57. A. how B. what C- why D. if58. A. but B. only C. enough D. necessary59. A. unless B. although C. where D. because60. A. pleasant.important C. similar D. manageablePART IV READING COMPREHENSION (30 points, 60 minutes)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passagecarefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement.Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoringAnswer Sheet.Passage OneThe man who invented Coca-cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheeler. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In 1885, he registered a trademark for something called French Wine Coca-Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant; a few months later he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company, and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M・ Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886-a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty-Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Cola- It was a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his flowing bookkeeper's script, presently devised a label, on which "Coca-Cola" was written in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence.On a morning late in 1886, one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a dollop of Coca-Cola. Druggists customarily stirred a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.61.What does the passage tell us about John Sty th Pemberton?A.He was highly respected by Atlantans.B.He ran a drug store that also sells wine.C.He had been a doctor until the Civil War.D.He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.62.Which of the following was unique to Frank M. Robinson, working with the Pemberton's Company?A.Skills to make French wine.B.Talent for drawing pictures.C.An acute sense of smell.D.Ability to work with numbers.63.Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton?A.He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmes's.B.He brought a quite profitable product into being.C.He observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty.D・ He was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution.64.One modification made of French Wine Coca formula wased beer bottles were chosen as containers.B.the amount of caffeine in it was increased.C.it was blended with oils instead of water.D.Cola nut extract was added to taste.65.According to the passage, Coca-Cola was in the first place prepared especially forA.the young as a soft drink・B.a replacement of French Wine Coca.C.the relief of a hangover.D・ a cure for the common headache.66.The last paragraph mainly tellsA.the complaint against the lazy shop-assistant.B.a real test of Coca-cola as a headache cure.C・ the mediocre service of the drugstore.D.a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-Cola.Passage TwoBetween 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a "penny press" proved that a low-priced paper, edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the business community, like the mercantile press, or dependent for financial support upon political party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superior in their handling of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make important journalistic advances.The first offerings of a penny paper tended to be highly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full detail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social land economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a better product, too. A popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper became a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leadership. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competition at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering papers had reached.This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sim in 1833. The Sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in comparison; but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speechreports. It had a police reporter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its competitors sold for six cents. By 1837 the Sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New Yrok daily newspapers combined when the Sim first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald(1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imitating Day's success founded the Philadelphia Public Ledger(1836) and the Baltimore Sun(1837). The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.67.What does the first paragraph say about the "penny press?"A.It was known for its depth news reporting.B.It had an involvement with some political parties.C.It depended on the business community for survival.D.It aimed at pleasing the general public・68.In its early days, a penny paper oftenA.paid much attention to political issues.B.provided stories that hit the public taste.C.offered penetrating editorials on various issues.D.covered important news with inaccuracy.69.As the reader ship was growing more diverse, the penny paperA.improved its contentB.changed its writing style.C.developed a more sensational style.D.became a tool for political parties.70.The underlined word "ventures^ in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced byA.editors.B.reporters.C.newspapers.panies.71.What is true about the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the Baltimore SunlA.They turned out to be failures.B.They were later purchased by James Gordon Bennett.C.They were also founded by Benjamin Day.D.They became well-known newspapers in the U.S.72.This passage is probably taken from a book onA.the work ethics of the American media.B.the techniques in news reporting・C.the history of sensationalism in American media.D.the impact of mass media on American society.Passage ThreeForget what Virginia Woolf said about what a writer needs-a room of one's own. The writer she had in mind wasn't at work on a novel in cyberspace, one with multiple hypertexts, animated graphics and downloads of trancey, chiming music. For that you also need graphic interfaces, RealPlayer and maybe even a computer laboratory at Brown University. That was where Mark Amerika-his legally adopted name; don't ask him about his birth name-composed much of his novel Grammatron. But Grammatron isn't just a story. It，s an online narrative () that uses the capabilities of cyberspace to tie the conventional story line into complicated knots. In the four years it took to produce-it was completed in 1997-each new advance in computer software became another potential story device. “I became sort ofdependent on the industry：jokes Amerika, who is also the author of two novels printed on paper.“ThaFs unusal for a writer, because if you just write on paper the "technology" is pretty stable二Nothing about Grammatron is stable. At its center, if there is one, is Abe Golam, the inventor of Nanoscript, a quasi-mystical computer code that some unmystical corporations are itching to acquire. For much of the story, Abe wanders through Prague-23, a virtual "4city^ in cyberspace where visitors indulge in fantasy encounters and virtual sex, which can get fairly graphic. The reader wanders too, because most of Grammatron 9s 1,000-plus text screens contain several passages in hypertext. To reach the next screen, just double-click. But each of those hypertexts is a trapdoor that can plunge you down a different pathway of the story. Choose one and you drop into a corporate-strategy memo. Choose another and there's a XXX-rated sexual rant. The story you read is some sense the story you make.Amerika teaches digital art at the University of Colorado, where his students develop works that straddle the lines between art, film and literature. "I tell them not to get caught up in mere plot J he says. Some avant-garde writers-Julio Cortazar, Italo Calvino- have also experimented with novels that wander out of their author^ control. "But what makes the Net so exciting/7says Amerika, “is that you can add sound, randomly generated links, 3-D modeling, animation.” That room of one's own is turning into a fun house.73.The passage is mainly to tellA.differences between conventional and modern novels.B.how Mark Amerika composed his novel Grammatron.C・ common features of all modem electronic novels.D.why Mark Amerika took on a new way of writing.74.Why does the author ask the reader to forget what Virginia Woolf said about the necessities of a writer?A.Modern writers can share rooms to do the writing.B.It is not necessarily that a writer writes inside a room.C.Modem writers will get nowhere without a word processor.D.It is no longer sufficient for the writing in cyberspace.75.As an on-line narrative, Grammatron is anything but stable because itA.provides potentials for the story development.B.is one of the novels at (g ).C.can be downloaded free of charge.D.boasts of the best among cyber stories.76.By saying that he became sort of dependent on the industry, Mark Amerika meant thatA. he could not help but set his Grammatron and others in Industrial Revolution.B・ conventional writers had been increasingly challenged by high technology.C.much of his Grammatron had proved to be cybernetic dependent.D.he couldn't care less about new advance in computer software.77.As the passage shows, Grammatron makes it possible for readers toA.adapt the story for a video version.B.“walk in，，the story and interact with it.C.develop the plots within the author's control.D.steal the show and become the main character.78.Amerika told his students not toA.immerse themselves only in creating the plot.B.be captivated by the plot alone while reading. C・ be lagged far behind in the plot development.D.let their plot get lost in the on-going story.Passage FourIn 1993, a mall security camera captured a shaky image of two 10-year-old boys leading a much smallerboy out of a Liverpool, England, shopping center. The boys lured James Bulger, 2, away from his mother, who was shopping, and led him on a long walk across town. The excursion ended at a railroad track. There, inexplicably, the older boys tortured the toddler, kicking him, smearing paint on his face and pummeling him to death with bricks before leaving him on the track to be dismembered by a train. The boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, then went off to watch cartoons.Today the boys are 18-year-old men, and after spending eight years in juvenile facilities, they have been deemed fit for release-probably this spring. The dilemma now confronting the English jsutice system is how to reintegrate the notorious duo into a society that remains horrified by their crimes and skeptical about their rehabilitation. Last week Judge Elizabeth Butler-Sloss decided the young men were in so much danger that they needed an unprecedented shield to protect them upon release. For the rest of their lives, Venables and Thompson will have a right to anonymity. All English media outlets are banned from publishing any information about their whereabouts or the new identities the government will help them establish. Photos of the two or even details about their current looks are also prohibited.In the U.S., which is harder on juvenile criminals than England, such a ruling seems inconceivable. "Wele clearly the most punitive in the industrialized world/9 says Laurence Steinberg, a Temple University professor who studies juvenile justice. Over the past decade, the trend in the U.S. has been to allow publication of ever more information about underage offenders. U.S. courts also give more weight to press freedom than English courts, which, for example, ban all video cameras.But even for Britain, the order is extraordinary. The victim's family is enraged, as are the ever eager British tabloids. "What right have they got to be given special protection as adults?97asks Bulger's mother Denise Fergus. Newspaper editorials next door. Says conservative Member of Parliament Humfrey Malins: Tt almost leaves you with the feeling that the nastier the crime, the greater the chance for a passport to a completely new life：'79.What (Kcurred as told at the beginning of the passage?A.2 ten-year-olds killed James by accident in play.B.James Bulger was killed by his two brothers.C.Two mischievous boys forged a train accident.D.A little kid was murdered by two older boys.80.According to the passage, Jon Venables and Robert ThompsonA.have been treated as juvenile delinquents.B.have been held in protective custody for their murder game.C・ were caught while watching cartoons eight years ago.D.have already served out their 10 years in prison・81.The British justice system is afraid that the two young men wouldA.hardly get accustomed to a horrifying general public.B.be doomed to become social outcasts after release.C.still remain dangerous and destructive if set free.D.be inclined to commit a recurring crime.82.According to the British courts, after their return to society, the two adults will beA.banned from any kind of press interview.B.kept under constant surveillance by police.C.shielded from being identified as killers.D.ordered to report to police their whereabouts.83.From the passage we can infer that a US counterpart of Venables or Thompson wouldA・ have no freedom to go wherever he wants.B.serve a life imprisonment for the crime.C.be forbidden to join many of his relatives.D.no doubt receive massive publicity in the U.S.84.As regards the mentioned justice ruling, the last paragraph mainly tells thatA.it is controversial as it goes without precedent.B.the British media are sure to do the contrary.C.Bulger^s family would enter all apeal against it.D.Conservatives obviously conflict with Liberals.Passage FiveCan the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctor's office? The Silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online "virtual visits'，between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 6,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that online visits will mean employees wont have to skip work to tend to minor ailments or to follow up on chronic conditions. "With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your docotr in your hometown can be a big chunk of time," says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies.Doctors aren't clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough unpaid time on the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue. "We are not stupid^ says Stirling Somers, executive director of the Silicon Valley employers group. "Doctors getting paid is a critical piece in getting this to work.” In the pilot program, physicians will get $20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit.Doctors also fear they'll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what's needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Cal if.-based start-up. Healinx's "Smart Symptom Wizard" questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face-to-face visit.Can E-mail replace the doctor's office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require a stethoscope to discover what's wrong- and to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctor's groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctor's visits offer a “very narrow" sliver of service between phone calls to an advice nurse and a visit to the clinic.The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the Internet's record in the health field has been underwhelming. The experiment is "a huge roll of the dice for Helainx/5 notes Michael Barrent, an analyst at Internet consulting firm Forester Research. If the “Web visits” succeed, expect some HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations) to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients aren't satisfied, firgure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.85.The Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose ofA. rewarding their employees.B. gratifying the local hospitals.C.boosting worker productivity.D. testing a sophisticated technology.86.What can be learned about the on-line doctors' visits?A.They are a quite promising business-B.They are funded by the local government.C.They are welcomed by all the patients.D.They are very much under experimentation.87.Of the following people, who are not involved in the program?A・ Cisco System employees. B. Advice nurses in the clinic.C.Doctors at three local hospitals.D. Oracle executives.88.According to Paragraph 2, doctors are。
华慧2013年3月中科院考博英语真题阅读理解真题Section A 第四篇
2013年3月份中科院考博英语真题阅读理解真题训练Passage FourAfter years of defensiveness, a siege mentality and the stonewalling of any criticism, a quiet revolution is under way in animal research.What has triggered this change of heart? It's partly down to the economic climate plus fewer new medicines and the removal of much of the threat from animal rights extremism, in the UK at least.Until recently the only criticism of animal research came from antivivisection groups who persistently complained about a lack of transparency. Now criticism is coming from researchers too, with the recognition that not all aspects of animal experimentation are as robust as they should be and that something needs to changeThat is why we have published new guidelines aimed at improving the quality of reporting on animal experiments in research papers. These have been met with support, notably from the major funding bodies and many international journals. This is indicative of the new climate in which we operate.Five years ago the guidelines would have been met with skepticism and accusations of increased bureaucracy from some within the scientific community.The difference is that these guidelines come in the wake of recent studies, which reveal serious shortcomings in animal research. One by my own organization the UK's NC3Rs, found that key information was missing from many of the 300 or so publications we analyzed that described publicly funded experiments on rodents and monkeys in the UK and the US.The new guidelines should ensure the science emerging from animal research is maximized and that every animal used counts. Better reporting will allow greater opportunity to evaluate which animal models are useful and which are not. One way of doing this is through the systematic reviews that are the gold standard in clinical studies but rarely undertaken for animal studies due to the lack of inflation published.Animal research has been a thorn in the side of researchers for many years. We can't afford to get this wrong scientifically, ethically or financially. Failings in reporting animal data properly can be perceived as an attempt to hide something, either about the quality or value of what is being done. When animal research is funded from the public purse a public mandate is essential. There is much scope for improvement. It is time for scientists --funders, researchers and editors--to use the new guidelines to put our house in order.54. According to the passage, those who had long blamed animal researchare______.A. those ignorant of scienceB. governmentofficialsC. some of their colleaguesD.antivivisection groups55. The passage suggests that the change of heart among animalresearchers refers to______.A.their reconsideration of their research.B.their resistance to their greater enemiesC.their giving in to animal right groupsD.their confession to their work failures56. The new guidelines mostly stress that the report on animal researchneeds to be______.A. directiveB. comprehensiveC. affirmativeD. authoritative57. The UK's NC3Rs research is mentioned to illustrate that animalresearch______.A. needs government fundingB. needs publishingguidelinesC. involves some serious problemsD. involves analysesand variations58. For animal researchers, to put their work under systematic reviewwould be something ______.A. newB. hardC.pleasant D. unthinkable59. The best title for this passage is ______.A. Make the Most of Animal ExperimentsB. Improve Quality of Animal ResearchC. Make Every Animal Experiments CountD. Give Public Support to Animal Research中科院考博英语真题阅读理解训练文章大意及参考答案【华慧独家解析：文章大意】本文主要讲述不少人对动物实验的批判引起动物实验的革命。
中科院考博英语2023年4月
【中科院考博英语2023年4月】1. 文章概述中科院考博英语作为考生考取中科院硕士和博士学位的必修科目之一，是一项重要的考试内容。
2023年4月份的考博英语考试将围绕着学术英语能力进行测验，考察考生在阅读、写作、听力和口语等方面的综合能力。
本文将从阅读、写作、听力和口语四个方面对2023年4月份中科院考博英语进行详细分析。
2. 阅读部分2.1 阅读材料2023年4月份中科院考博英语阅读部分的材料将涉及科技、环境、社会等多个领域的专业文献，考生需要在规定的时间内对这些文献进行阅读和理解。
2.2 阅读能力要求考生需要具备仔细阅读和快速理解文献的能力，对文中的关键信息和观点进行判断和分析。
考生还需要具备批判性思维，对文中的观点和论证进行评价和推理。
3. 写作部分3.1 写作题型2023年4月份中科院考博英语写作部分将涵盖议论文和科技报告两种题型。
考生需要根据提供的题目和材料进行逻辑思考，构建清晰的逻辑结构，并用准确、丰富的词汇和句型表达自己的观点。
3.2 写作能力要求考生需要具备清晰的逻辑思维能力和表达能力，写作需要具有较高的规范性和学术性。
考生需要具备科技文献的写作水平，能够准确描述实验方法和结果，提出科学性的观点和建议。
4. 听力部分4.1 听力材料2023年4月份中科院考博英语听力部分将涉及科技、医学、环境等多个领域的专业讲座和学术讨论，考生需要在规定时间内理解和评述这些内容。
4.2 听力能力要求考生需要具备较高的听力理解能力，能够抓住讲座和讨论中的核心观点和信息，理解并带有一定反应能力。
5. 口语部分5.1 口语题型2023年4月份中科院考博英语口语部分将采用独白和对话两种形式，考生需要在规定时间内对所听到的内容进行回答和评述。
5.2 口语能力要求考生需要具备流利的口语表达能力和准确的语音语调，对所听到的内容进行准确理解并做出适当的回答。
6. 总结与建议6.1 考生备考建议考生在备考中应注重积累科技、医学、环境等多个领域的英语词汇和表达方式，提高听力理解和口语回答的能力。
华慧中国科学院考博英语阅读题型概述及考情分析
中国科学院考博英语阅读题型概述及考情分析 中国科学院考博英语阅读理解短文内容涉及社会科学（主要包括社会学、教育、人类学、心理学、经济、管理、金融等领域）、自然科学（主要包括化学、生物、交通、物理、工程、计算机、医学、农业等领域）和人文科学（主要包括哲学、历史、文学、语言、新闻、艺术等领域）。
根据大纲要求，阅读理解的常考题型主要可归纳为以下几种：主旨大意题、推理判断题、词汇语义型、事实细节题及观点态度题。
中国科学院考博英语的阅读理解共分两部分。
中国科学院考博英语阅读第一部分：5篇短文，每篇短文有6道题目，共30道题目，每道题1分，共占30分。
考生需完成1800-2200词汇的阅读量。
这一部分主要测试考生在规定60分钟时间内通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。
要求考生能够： 1.掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节； 2.进行相关的分析、判断和推理； 3.准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义； 4.领会作者的观点和意图、判断作者的态度。
从近几年中国科学院考博英语阅读文章选材来看，文章涉及话题广泛，人文，医学，环境等话题出现比较多。
从中国科学院考博英语阅读理解整体来看，最常考是以下几种题型：细节题、词汇理解题和态度题。
要求考生从整体上要把握好出题的规律，但在具体的细节上要把握命题人的考试意图，将考点击破，双管齐下，实现考分的飞跃。
下面介绍中国科学院考博英语阅读理解问题的几种主要出题手段、解题技巧和实例分析。
A、细节题 1.标志：针对性提问2.思路：做题的关键是返回原文，不要凭印象做题，返回原文要有定位意识3.细节题迷惑选项的常用手段有：偷换概念、扩大范围、正反混淆、颠倒因果、常识判断（列举和文章无关的常识，尽管常识是对的，但文章中未提，这也是错误答案） 例如：2010. Question45. The Japanese Matinee Girl would most likely favor a play that centers on .A. the childhood of a naughty boyB. the honeymoon of a young coupleC. the trial of a serial murdererD. the misfortunes of a big family B、主旨题 1.标志：the most appropriate/best title,main idea,main problem,conclusion,purpose,primarily concerned with,stress the idea2.思路：利用宏观阅读思路解题，不管此类题出现在哪个位置，都作为最后一题解答。
华慧中国科学院考博英语翻译题型概述及考情分析
中国科学院考博英语翻译题型概述及考情分析英译汉短文内容大体上涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、科普等方面的一般常识或社会、自然科学与技术常识的题材，题材多为议论文。
中国科学院考博英语的翻译题型为英译汉，没有汉译英。
英译汉翻译占分15分。
给出一段400-500字左右的短文，要求考生将短文中划线的部分翻译成中文，通常有5段划线文字，每段划线部分占3分，共15分。
这部分主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解作者要表达的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。
针对英译汉，翻译中要注意以下几点：1.对词组及固定搭配的翻译例如2010题…or, worse, push fragile teens over the edge, as in the recent case of a Missouri girl driven to suicide by onlinePut …over the edge. 把…逼上绝路。
2.对上下文逻辑关系的把握例如2010题2) But what began as fun and games--and now has sub-companies on seven college campuses,Begin as…and now…4.注意对语法的分析例2010年题There are countless Web sites where people can post nasty complaints about ex-lovers and rude customers or, worse, push fragile teens over the edge, as in the recent case of a Missouri girl driven to suicide by online主要是针对长难句的语法分析。
Where引导的状语从句，as引导的方式状语从句等5.注意指代与省略句的翻译例如2009年题 is a rapidly growing gossip site that solicits content with the promise of anonymity. But what began as fun and gamesWhat 是 的指代和省略。
华慧中科院考博英语翻译题型介绍
中科院考博英语翻译题型介绍中国科学院考博博士研究生的英语教学重点强调了英语知识的应用能力，培养学生以英语为工具，熟练地进行专业的研究，并能进行专业的学术交流。
翻译是体现英语水平程度最直观的部分，也是英语应用能力中综合性较强的部分。
中科院博士生英语入学考试翻译部分一般是段落翻译、篇章翻译，或给出一篇包含若干划线句的文章，要求考生根据全文意思将划线句译出，主要分为英译汉和汉译英两种考查形式。
在各大考博英语试题中，华慧考博英语教研中心针对中科院考博英语翻译来讲，翻译题型约占总分的20-30%。
有的院校会采用这两种题型考查考生的英语水平，有的则只会选择其中一种形式，具体的翻译题型可以是整段翻译或者划线翻译。
下面华慧考博就这两种形式作一个介绍和讲解。
1）英译汉英译汉通常是一般性或科学常识性的论述文。
它的基本要求是：译文要忠实原文，且符合汉语表达习惯。
考查内容中主要涉及到篇章的整体把握，长难句式的分析，以及个别词语和短语的翻译。
下面华慧考博英语教研中心以一个段落来感受一下英译汉的翻译形式。
E.g: Through all of our history we have pondered the stars and mused whether humanity is unique or if, somewhere else in the dark of the night sky, there are other beings who contemplate and wonder as we do, fellow thinkers in the cosmos. Such beings might view themselves and the universe differently.There might be very exotic biologies and technologies and societies. In a cosmic setting vast and old beyond ordinary human understanding, we are a little lonely, and we ponder the ultimate significance, if any, of our tiny but exquisite blue planet.The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is the search for a generally acceptable cosmic context for the human species.贯穿我们整个历史，我们一直在考察星星，思考人类是否是唯一的高级生命，还是也许在黑暗的夜空某一处，还有其他生命，宇宙中同辈思想家，也和我们一样在思考和在怀疑。
中科院博士学位英语考试
中科院博士学位英语考试
中科院博士学位英语考试主要考察学生的英语综合能力，包括阅读理解、写作、翻译和听力等方面。
具体考试内容可能会因不同的专业领域而有所差异，但总体上都是以英语的实际运用能力为主要考察点。
一般来说，中科院博士学位英语考试的难度较大，要求考生具备较强的英语阅读、写作和翻译能力，同时还需要具备较高的学术素养和专业知识。
因此，考生需要充分准备，以提高自己的英语水平和学术素养。
对于中科院博士学位英语考试的备考，建议考生可以从以下几个方面入手：
1.注重英语基础知识的积累，包括词汇、语法和语音等方面。
2.多进行英语阅读和写作的训练，提高阅读理解和写作表达能力。
3.进行英语听力和翻译的训练，提高听力理解和翻译能力。
4.熟悉考试形式和题型，了解考试要求和评分标准。
5.参加模拟考试，熟悉考试流程和时间管理。
总的来说，中科院博士学位英语考试是一项全面考察学生英语实际运用能力的考试，考生需要充分准备，提高自己的英语水平和学术素养，以应对考试的挑战。
中国科学院(中科院)2012年考博英语真题分析 华慧考博王老师精解
中科院2012年考博英语真题分析中科院试题题型稳定，且考察的内容并不涉及中科院的学科专业内容。
有别于哈尔冰理工大学等高校的考博试题。
总体来讲，中科院的英语题型分为以下几种：1、词汇题（10分，20题）2、完型填空（15分，15题）3、阅读理解（40分，40题）4、英译中（15分，5题）5、写作（20分，1题）具体来说，2011年的考试内容中。
词汇题难度保持了原有的难度，基本不会有很大的改动，并且在级词汇占了很大的比例，这对考生来说，不必过于专研高难词汇，将重点放在六级及稍难的词汇上面。
完型的内容为青少年对于社会发展以及白色情人节送糖果的内容，这对于考生来说，内容不是很陌生。
阅读理解的两部分的内容难度也不是很大。
主要是迈克尔杰克逊的死亡情况、毕业生就业大学责任、杀虫剂DDT使用以及二战期间的刊物对当政者制定政策的影响，以及致命性疾病的蔓延，桥梁的损坏维修等。
在3月份的考试中，涉及的阅读内容为：校园禁烟、装修、教育效果、美国二战葛底斯堡战役为主题的绘画文化，以及广告信息和人口寿命的在有关话题。
话题多集中在社会现象，科技类等其他类出现的较少。
纵观两次考博，主要是篇幅过长，内容较多，希望考生好好准备相关内容。
中科院考博英语复习资料：《中科院考博英语一本通》-华慧考博网《中科院考博英语历年试题及参考答案解析》-华慧书城《华慧考博英语10000词汇详解》-天猫商城：华慧旗舰店《华慧考博英语阅读220篇》-天猫商城：华慧旗舰店《华慧考博英语完形专项训练》-华慧书城《华慧考博英语写作专项训练》-华慧书城《华慧考博英语翻译专项训练》-华慧书城华慧考博网中科院考博英语辅导班：中国科学院考博英语备考专题2016年中国科学院考博英语VIP保过班-全程1对1辅导考中科院更轻松！2016年中国科学院考博英语协议全程班-5次1对1辅导考中科院更轻松！2016年中国科学院考博英语系统全程班-考中科院更轻松！华慧中国科学院中科院考博英语一本通含独家历年试题答案解析中国科学院/中科院考博英语历年真题汇总。
考博英语题型
考博英语题型
【原创版】
目录
1.考博英语概述
2.考博英语的题型及分值分布
3.各种题型的备考策略
4.总结
正文
一、考博英语概述
考博英语，全称为博士研究生入学考试英语科目，是我国博士研究生招生全国统一考试的一部分。
其主要目的是测试考生的英语语言应用能力，以确保考生具备良好的英语水平，能够适应博士研究生阶段的学习和科研工作。
考博英语考试分为笔试和口试两个部分，其中笔试是主要的考试形式。
二、考博英语的题型及分值分布
考博英语笔试部分主要包括以下几种题型：
1.阅读理解（占总分值的 20%）
2.完形填空（占总分值的 10%）
3.翻译（占总分值的 15%）
4.写作（占总分值的 25%）
5.语法与词汇（占总分值的 10%）
6.逻辑与推理（占总分值的 10%）
三、各种题型的备考策略
1.阅读理解：提高阅读速度和理解能力，注重文章的主旨和细节。
可以通过多阅读英文文章和进行模拟练习来提高。
2.完形填空：注重词汇和语法的积累，分析句子结构，理解上下文。
可以多做真题练习，总结规律。
3.翻译：中英文互译都需要掌握。
注意翻译时要忠实原文，表达通顺。
可以通过翻译练习和积累词汇短语来提高。
4.写作：熟悉各类作文类型，注重文章结构和逻辑。
多进行写作练习，积累素材和表达。
5.语法与词汇：系统学习英语语法，积累词汇，加强练习。
6.逻辑与推理：提高逻辑思维能力，熟悉题型，多进行练习。
四、总结
考博英语考试对考生的英语语言应用能力有较高要求，需要考生在各个方面都具备一定的实力。