翻译雪(鲁迅)

翻译雪(鲁迅)
翻译雪(鲁迅)

翻译:雪 (鲁迅)

Translation: Snow (Lu Xun)

(translated: alexcwlin; edited: adam.L)

暖国的雨,向来没有变过冰冷的坚硬的灿烂的雪花。

All along rain in the warm Southern Region of China has not been changed into ice-cold and solid-hard dazzling snowflakes.

博识的人们觉得他单调,他自己也以为不幸否耶?

Erudite people feel snowflakes are just too simple and dull. Do snowflakes also think likewise that they are so unfortunate?

江南的雪,可是滋润美艳之至了;那是还在隐约着的青春的消息,是极壮健的处子的皮肤。

The snow in Jiangnan is so very moist and striking. It inconspicuously reveals signs of youth and is as vivacious as a virgin’s skin.

雪野中有血红的宝珠山茶,白中隐青的单瓣梅花,深黄的磬口的蜡梅花;

Snowfield abounds with blood-red camellias, greenish-white single-layer-petal plum blooms, and darkish-yellow wintersweet flowers.

雪下面还有冷绿的杂草。蝴蝶确乎没有;

Underneath the snow there are chilled greenish weeds. Butterflies definitely have vanished.

蜜蜂是否来采山茶花和梅花的蜜,我可记不真切了。

Are bees coming to gather nectar of camellia and plum flowers? I can’t remember with certainty.

但我的眼前仿佛看见冬花开在雪野中,有许多蜜蜂们忙碌地飞着,也听得他们嗡嗡地闹着。

But in front of my eyes I seem to be looking at winter flowers blossoming in snowfield. Swarms of bees are busy flying around and buzzing.

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孩子们呵着冻得通红,像紫芽姜一般的小手,七八个一齐来塑雪罗汉。

Children are blowing warm breath on their cold reddish hands looking like purple-colored ginger. Seven to eight of them get together to make a snow Buddha.

因为不成功,谁的父亲也来帮忙了。罗汉就塑得比孩子们高得多,

When they fail, someone’s father comes over to help. The Buddha is taller than the children.

虽然不过是上小下大的一堆,终于分不清是壶卢还是罗汉;然而很洁白,很明艳,以自身的滋润相粘结,整个地闪闪地生光。

Even though it is a snow pile with a big bottom and a small top, in the end it is hard to tell whether that is a Buddha or a gourd. However it is very white and beautiful. It sticks together well with its own moisture and glistens bright.

孩子们用龙眼核给他做眼珠,又从谁的母亲的脂粉奁中偷得胭脂来涂在嘴唇上。这回确是一个大阿罗汉了。他也就目光灼灼地嘴唇通红地坐在雪地里。

Children uses longan pits as eyes and put rouge sneaked from a mother’s cosmetic box on lips. This time they really have a big Buddha sitting on the snow ground with beaming eyes and rouge lips.

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第二天还有几个孩子来访问他;对了他拍手,点头,嘻笑。但他终于独自坐着了。晴天又来消释他的皮肤,寒夜又使他结一层冰,化作不透明的水晶模样;

A few children visit him on the next day. They clap hands, nod, and laugh. But finally he has to sit alone.

A sunny day comes to strip off its skin. A cold night freezes on him a layer of ice akin to non-transparent crystal.

连续的晴天又使他成为不知道算什么,而嘴上的胭脂也褪尽了。

Then consecutive days of sunshine turn him into a mess and rouge on its lips has faded away completely. *************************************************************

但是,朔方的雪花在纷飞之后,却永远如粉,如沙,他们决不粘连,撒在屋上,地上,枯草上,就是这样。

Snowflakes in the Northern Region, after they have been blown around, are always like powder and sand which never stick together. Just like that they are sprinkled on roofs, ground, and withered grass.

屋上的雪是早已就有消化了的,因为屋里居人的火的温热。别的,在晴天之下,旋风忽来,便蓬勃地奋飞,

Snow on rooftops is long gone due to heat from inhabitants’ fire inside the house. As for the other snowflakes, a whirlwind suddenly comes on a sunny day and takes them straight up the sky with vigor.

在日光中灿灿地生光,如包藏火焰的大雾,旋转而且升腾,弥漫太空;使太空旋转而且升腾地闪烁。

They glitter in sunlight as if they were fog inside a flame whirling and zooming skyward. They permeate throughout the sky, which then seemingly make the sky spiral upward in glitter.

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在无边的旷野上,在凛冽的天宇下,闪闪地旋转升腾着的是雨的精魂……

是的,那是孤独的雪,是死掉的雨,是雨的精魂。

In the boundless wilderness under piercingly cold sky, spiralling skyward in glitter is the spirit of rain. Yes, that is the lonesome snow; that is the rain in death; that is the spirit of rain.

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翻译:雪 (鲁迅) Translation: Snow (Lu Xun) (translated: alexcwlin; edited: adam.L) 暖国的雨,向来没有变过冰冷的坚硬的灿烂的雪花。 All along rain in the warm Southern Region of China has not been changed into ice-cold and solid-hard dazzling snowflakes. 博识的人们觉得他单调,他自己也以为不幸否耶? Erudite people feel snowflakes are just too simple and dull. Do snowflakes also think likewise that they are so unfortunate? 江南的雪,可是滋润美艳之至了;那是还在隐约着的青春的消息,是极壮健的处子的皮肤。 The snow in Jiangnan is so very moist and striking. It inconspicuously reveals signs of youth and is as vivacious as a virgin’s skin. 雪野中有血红的宝珠山茶,白中隐青的单瓣梅花,深黄的磬口的蜡梅花; Snowfield abounds with blood-red camellias, greenish-white single-layer-petal plum blooms, and darkish-yellow wintersweet flowers. 雪下面还有冷绿的杂草。蝴蝶确乎没有; Underneath the snow there are chilled greenish weeds. Butterflies definitely have vanished. 蜜蜂是否来采山茶花和梅花的蜜,我可记不真切了。 Are bees coming to gather nectar of camellia and plum flowers? I can’t remember with certainty. 但我的眼前仿佛看见冬花开在雪野中,有许多蜜蜂们忙碌地飞着,也听得他们嗡嗡地闹着。 But in front of my eyes I seem to be looking at winter flowers blossoming in snowfield. Swarms of bees are busy flying around and buzzing. ************************************************************* 孩子们呵着冻得通红,像紫芽姜一般的小手,七八个一齐来塑雪罗汉。 Children are blowing warm breath on their cold reddish hands looking like purple-colored ginger. Seven to eight of them get together to make a snow Buddha. 因为不成功,谁的父亲也来帮忙了。罗汉就塑得比孩子们高得多, When they fail, someone’s father comes over to help. The Buddha is taller than the children. 虽然不过是上小下大的一堆,终于分不清是壶卢还是罗汉;然而很洁白,很明艳,以自身的滋润相粘结,整个地闪闪地生光。 Even though it is a snow pile with a big bottom and a small top, in the end it is hard to tell whether that is a Buddha or a gourd. However it is very white and beautiful. It sticks together well with its own moisture and glistens bright. 孩子们用龙眼核给他做眼珠,又从谁的母亲的脂粉奁中偷得胭脂来涂在嘴唇上。这回确是一个大阿罗汉了。他也就目光灼灼地嘴唇通红地坐在雪地里。 Children uses longan pits as eyes and put rouge sneaked from a mother’s cosmetic box on lips. This time they really have a big Buddha sitting on the snow ground with beaming eyes and rouge lips. ************************************************************* 第二天还有几个孩子来访问他;对了他拍手,点头,嘻笑。但他终于独自坐着了。晴天又来消释他的皮肤,寒夜又使他结一层冰,化作不透明的水晶模样; A few children visit him on the next day. They clap hands, nod, and laugh. But finally he has to sit alone.

鲁迅与翻译的政治_任淑坤

上海翻译Shanghai Journal of Translato rs 2005No .4 [收稿日期]2005-05-10 [作者简介]任淑坤,女,河北大学外语副教授,现为南开大学博士生,研究方向:翻译理论与实践;王 慧,女,河北师范大学外语学院讲师,研究方向:英美文学。 鲁迅与翻译的政治 任淑坤 (河北大学外语学院,保定071002) 王 慧 (河北师范大学外语学院,石家庄050016) [摘要]翻译并非简单的文字转换活动,它与文化、意识形态、政治有着密不可分的联系。鲁迅在翻译中自觉为翻译定位,充分发挥译者的主体意识,使翻译既为政治服务,又不盲从政治,表现出翻译与现实政治之间的断裂与统一。从而,他为中国翻译事业的繁荣、文化的重构做出了不可磨灭的贡献。[关键词]鲁迅;翻译;政治;对立统一[中图分类号]H059 [文献标识码]B [文章编号]1672-9358(2005)04-0044-03 翻译的传统定义是把一国文字表达的意义用另一国文字进行转述。这往往给人以错觉:翻译是简单的文字转换活动。随着翻译事业的繁荣与多元发展的趋势,人们越来越意识到翻译已不再是与文化 体系、意识形态和政治斗争无关的语言活动,而是其冲突的工具和场所。在翻译过程中,源语中的词语、表达模式及思想,或者经过试用、筛选、淘汰而最终被译入语拒绝而告终,或者通过与译入语语言与文化的接触和冲突,最终在译入语中兴起流传,成为其活的语言的一部分。在从源语到译入语的过程中,一方面,由于语言差异,意义会不可避免地发生某些改变;另一方面,译入语也会根据自己的需要赋予它们某些新的意义。(刘禾,2002)翻译的政治在这个过程中体现得颇为明晰。 一 随着二十世纪翻译研究的文化转向,“翻译是一种政治行为”的论断越来越广为人知,“翻译的政治”这一术语也频频出现于字里行间。就目前所见,“翻译的政治”出现时通常包含以下三种含义。 其一,指“翻译对于译入语文化及社会所造成的冲击,以及因而带来的改变”。(王宏志,1999:263)1987年,王佐良先生在以“新时期的翻译观”为题的讲话中指出,对于翻译(史)研究,不仅仅要有简史、通史对事实的叙述爬梳,也要有结合文化、社会、历史等考察“由翻译引起的大的文化潮流或思想运动”。(王佐良,1989:2—6)西方翻译研究学派的研究成果为此提供了理论依据。理论模式与个案研究互动,用描述的方法,将翻译在特定民族文化中的功用作为聚焦点,由此,对翻译结果的关注成为了一种新的研究趋向。王克非教授的《翻译文化史论》,谢 天振教授的《译介学》,孔慧怡女士的《翻译、文学、文化》,王宏志先生的《翻译与创作》等都是在这方面的斐然成果,分别涉及了翻译给中国的语言文学、思想文化、社会状况等方面带来的变化,从不同的视角重新定位翻译。 其二,指翻译活动由于两种语言及其社会、历史、文化、翻译主体等的差异而导致的带有偏见或偏差的交流,这种偏见和偏差有可能是有意识的,也可能是无意识的。美籍巴勒斯坦学者赛义德在其力作《东方学》中阐发了存在于文学、历史、社会学等各个领域的西方话语霸权,希望能激发一种新的看待东方的方式,抛除西方对东方的固有支配模式。然而,赛义德自己也承认,除了存在于社会、语言、文学、历史等方面可以明确感知显性东方学外,还有建立在集体无意识之上的隐性东方学,后者的稳定性和持续性将“或多或少地永远存在”(赛义德,1999:262)。同样引人注目的还有男性话语霸权等。话语霸权在翻译中比比皆是,斯皮瓦克讲到过一个巴勒斯坦妇女的文学,经翻译,其行文竟似台湾男子的笔调。因此,只要存在性别差异,“只要存在着地域文化,便存在着翻译的政治问题”。(蒋桂琴,2002:134) 其三,翻译活动受到现实政治气候和个人政治取向的制约。翻译同文学一样,与政治同属于上层建筑。在上层建筑内部,政治是经济基础最直接、最集中的体现,因而对其他上层建筑形式的影响最为强烈。在政治开明、广开言路的时期,在社会变革、思潮纷涌的时期,文学和翻译活动也会比较繁荣;在文字狱盛行、思想受到禁锢而蛰伏的时期,文学与翻译活动也就处于低潮。翻译的政治还常常表现为译本的政治倾向、语言风格的选择等。五四时期的重 · 44·

鲁迅及其翻译思想

一、引言 当今时代是翻译的时代,随着国际间的科学、文化、经济及各个领域间交流的日益频繁,翻译在国与国之间进行的各方面的交流起着举足轻重的、不可估量的作用。作为人类思想文化交流史上最悠久的实践活动之一,作为各民族思想交流的工具,翻译涉及到两种语言与各种知识,可以说,翻译是两个语言社会之间的交际过程和交际工具。翻译工作者总是必须首先掌握一种语言所表达的思想、感情、风格,然后运用翻译技巧,在另一种语言中把它们表现出来。作为翻译工作者,他们肩负的责任更加重大,他们不能漫无目的地、随心所欲地翻译原语文本,任意地或甚至错误地表达自己的思想。相反,他们必须准确地、完好无损地传达原作的思想内容,使读者对原作的思想内容有更准确、更深刻地把握和理解,以更好地促进本语言社会的政治、经济和文化进步。 二、明确翻译目的 翻译是人类从事的一种行为,而我们都知道人类的一切行为都是有意图、有目的的。那么,不言而喻,翻译工作者翻译行为的实施同样也是为了达到某种目的。 德国翻译理论家弗梅尔将翻译目的分为三类:一类是译者所要达到的一般性目的,比如说赚钱;二是译文在目的文化语境中要达到的交际目的,如启迪读者;第三类是使用特殊翻译手段所要达到的目的,如为了说明某种语言中语法结构中的特殊之处而采用按其结构直译的方法。 译者在翻译过程中会具体地采用哪种翻译方法和翻译策略在很大程度上取决于译者之前所明确的目的。老一辈翻译研究者中鲁迅先生的翻译思想在现今研究工作中仍然占有及其重要的地位,给予我们翻译研究工作很大的启示,同时为我国目前乃至将来的翻译的进一步研究指明了方向。法国著名的阿歇特百科辞典甚至在“鲁迅”条目中这样介绍:“鲁迅为数蔚为大观的作品,是他对外国作品的译介。”(转引自丁小凤、韩虎林,2007)鲁迅翻译活动的主要目的有三个:第一,“注重翻译,以此借镜,其实也就是催进和鼓励创作。”鲁迅认为,要改革旧的文学形式,传播新思想,就必须“采用外国的良规,加以发挥”。第二,“中国的文或话,法子实在是太不精密了……要医这病,我以为只好吃一点苦,装进一样的语法去,古的,外省外府的,外国的,后来便可以据为己有。”鲁迅认为,中国旧的文字已经不适合时代的发展,而新的白话文还不够完善,因此,他主张通过对外国作品的翻译帮助我们创造出新的字眼、新的词汇、新的句法,来改进和完善当时的白话文。第三,鲁迅进行翻译活动还因为他“有一种茫漠的希望,以为文艺可以转移性情,改造社会的,因为这一间,便自然而然想到介绍外国作品这一回事”。 鲁迅在翻译过程中始终是遵循着其所定的翻译目的来从事翻译实践活动的,他一心希望通过翻译,不仅使中国作家学习到外国同行先进的思想,而且连外国的新的、较中国语言更严密

鲁迅简介,翻译学

论鲁迅与翻译 一、生平简介 鲁迅,原名周树人,号豫才,浙江绍兴人。他与二弟周作人,三弟周建人,合称为“周氏三兄弟”。伟大的文学家,思想家,革命家。七岁开始读书,十二岁从寿镜吾老先生就读于三味书屋。十三岁那年家里发生一场很大的变故,经济情况渐入困顿,接着父亲一病不起,使他饱尝了冷眼和侮蔑的滋味,看清了世人的真面目。1898年离开故乡考进南京江南水师学堂;后又转入江南陆师学堂附设的矿路学堂。1902年初毕业后被选派赴日留学,先是学医,后为改变国民精神,弃医从文。在此期间他曾受进化论、尼采超人哲学和托尔斯泰博爱思想的影响,感触颇深。1909年8月回国。 1918年正式开始了辉煌的创作生涯。“四·一二”反革命政变使其思想产生了飞跃,由此进化论思想为主导,转向以马克思主义的阶级论思想为主导。1930年3月“左联”成立时,被推荐为常委,成为中国共产党领导下的左翼文化运动的主将。1936年10月19日病逝于上海,葬于虹桥万国公墓。1956年,鲁迅遗体移葬虹口公园,毛泽东为重建的鲁迅墓题字。 二、代表作品 鲁迅的一生是伟大辉煌的,对中国文化事业作出了巨大的贡献:他领导、支持了“未名社”、“朝花社”等文学团体;主编了<<国民新报副刊>><<莽原>><<语丝>><<奔流>><<萌芽>>等文艺期刊;热忱关怀、积极培养青年作者;大力翻译外国进步文学作品和介绍国外著名

的绘画、木刻;搜集、研究、整理大量的古典文学,引领中国文学进入了新的领域,对中国文学产生了深刻影响。他创作了许多作品,小说集有《呐喊》,包括《狂人日记》、《阿Q正传》、《孔乙己》、《药》、《故乡》、《社戏》、《一件小事》、《风波》等14篇作品;《彷徨》,包括《伤逝》、《祝福》等11篇作品;《故事新编》,包括《补天》、《奔月》、《理水》等8篇作品。散文集《朝花夕拾》,包括《从百草园到三味书屋》、《藤野先生》等10篇作品。散文诗集《野草》,包括《秋夜》、《过客》等24篇作品。杂文集《坟》、《热风》、《华盖集》、《华盖集续编》、《且介亭杂文集》《二心集》、《南腔北调集》等。鲁迅的一生也翻译了不少的外国作品。比如:《工人绥惠略夫》《一个青年的梦》《爱罗先珂童话集》《桃色的云》《苦闷的象征》《热风》《出了象牙之塔》《小约翰》《默》《死灵魂》等。另外鲁迅的《阿Q正传》、《狂人日记》、《故乡》等也先后在美国、法国、英国等被翻译出来并且大受好评。 三、翻译思想 鲁迅具有独特而全面的翻译思想。一、论翻译的功用--有益和有味。鲁迅将翻译事业与民族文化事业的复兴和改造国民性紧密结合起来,并将其看作一项事业,一种工作,从而使翻译以及翻译研究真正有可能享有它的独立性。首先,强调翻译标准的多元化。所谓“有益”是出于政治的功用。如在翻译《出了象牙之塔》时鲁迅说:我译这书时,正可以供少年少女们的参考或服用,也如金鸡纳霜既能医日本人的疟疾,也能医治中国人的一般。所谓“有味”则强调把翻译与

鲁迅与翻译

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