考研语法讲义长难句(嵌套结构)
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文整套2023
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.词汇突破:intrinsic [ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk]adj. 本质的，固有的absence [ˈæbsəns]n. 没有；缺乏；缺席；不注意absent [ˈæbsənt]adj. 缺勤的，缺席的；不存在的，缺乏的；心不在焉的，出神的v. 缺席，离开结构分析:本句的主干结构是we have at least drawn nearer the point。
介词短语of admitting that birds should... economic advantage to us是point 的后置定语，其中that 引导的是宾语从句，作admitting 的宾语。
regardless of... 是让步状语。
参考译文:但是，我们至少更接近于承认，不管鸟类对我们是否有经济优势，它们都应该作为一种固有的权利继续生存下去。
grocery [ˈɡrəʊsəri]n. 食品杂货店；食品杂货cater [ˈkeɪtə(r)]vt. 投合，迎合；满足需要；提供饮食及服务结构分析：本句的主干结构是Demand comes mainly from two sources。
which are two small to buy straight from producers 是限定性定语从句，修饰independent mom and pop grocery stores，其中unlike large retail chains 是插入语。
2019考研英语语法：长难句例句解析【七篇】
【导语】没有秋霜的锤打，没有秋风的锻铸，秋天的枫叶怎会周⾝红彻？愿你像这⽕红的枫叶，在⽣活的风霜中染成鲜红的颜⾊！以下是为⼤家整理的《2019考研英语语法：长难句例句解析【七篇】》供您查阅。
【篇⼀】 This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home,and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s. 译⽂：他们为这种做法辩解，声称家⾥需要⼥性;于是，陪审团没有⼥性代表的状况持续了整个20世纪60年代。
分析：本句包含由and连接的两个并列句。
第⼀个分句中，主语为This practice，谓语为was justified，后接介宾结构by…解释justified的⽅式，其后接that引导的同位语从句，对claim的内容做进⼀步的说明。
第⼆个分句中，主语it指代前⼀个分句中的This practice，谓语为kept，宾语为juries，后接形容词短语unrepresentative…做宾语补⾜语，对juries的状态进⾏补充说明，最后的through…是时间状语，表⽰kept的时间背景。
【篇⼆】 Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia ,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws. 译⽂：虽然美国法院早在1880年Strauder诉西弗吉尼亚州⼀案中就禁⽌了在陪审团遴选中出现蓄意的种族歧视，但挑选所谓的精英或⼀流陪审团的做法却为绕过这种规定及其他反歧视法律提供了便利。
考研长难句讲解
考研长难句讲解一、考研长难句是啥？宝子们，考研长难句啊，就像是考研英语路上的一个个小怪兽。
你想啊，那些句子老长了，单词又多，结构还复杂得很。
比如说那种从句套从句的，就像俄罗斯套娃一样，一个套一个。
有时候一个句子里能有好几个不同的从句，像定语从句、状语从句啥的混在一起，看一眼就感觉脑袋嗡嗡的。
二、为啥要搞懂长难句？这可太重要啦！考研英语里阅读占了很大的比重呢。
那些阅读文章里到处都是长难句。
要是搞不懂长难句，就好像在雾里看花，文章都理解不了，还咋做题呀？而且翻译题就更不用说了，要是长难句都弄不明白，翻译出来的东西肯定是乱七八糟的。
三、长难句的结构类型1. 从句类型定语从句是很常见的一种。
比如说“This is the book which I bought yesterday.”这里的“which I bought yesterday”就是定语从句，用来修饰“book”的。
状语从句呢，像“When I was young, I liked reading.”这里的“When I was young”就是时间状语从句，告诉我们动作发生的时间。
2. 并列结构有时候长难句里会有很多并列的成分。
比如“He likes reading, writing and singing.”这里的“reading, writing and singing”就是并列的宾语。
四、分析长难句的小技巧1. 找主干就像大树一样，先找到树干，再看树枝。
把那些修饰的成分先去掉，找到句子的主谓宾。
比如说在“The boy who is wearing a red hat is my brother.”这个句子里，先把“who is wearing a red hat”这个定语从句去掉，就剩下“The boy is my brother.”这样就很容易理解句子的主要意思了。
2. 分析从句看到从句的时候，要弄清楚它在句子里的作用。
是修饰名词的定语从句，还是表示时间、地点、原因等的状语从句呢？比如说在“Although it was raining heavily, he still went to school.”这个句子里，“Although it was raining heavily”是让步状语从句，表示一种让步的关系。
考研语法——语法讲义88句长难句
Unit 6长难句分析综合训练1.After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s NorthernTerritory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.2.Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something thathappened in Australia. It’s world history.”3.In Australia -- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing communityattitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.4.For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights ofTerminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.5.Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearestcabin or settlement.6.The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances suchas alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.7.Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance requiredto produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.8.Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of waysincluding producing hallucinations.9.It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedomand the corporate bottom line.10.“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how wellit can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.11.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’ meeting, Levin assertedthat “music is not the cause of society’s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.12.But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle”between creative freedom and socialresponsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.13.“Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are nottotally unlimited,” says Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”14.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a softlanding” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science.15.Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackenedwindscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.16.Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to itslowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.17.This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower thanexpected in Britain and America.18.America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its joblessrate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.19.Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea offorcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.20.The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt thatfloods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.21.What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they arepresiding over is for real.22.The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this pointin a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.23.New ways of organizing the workplace -- all that re-engineering and downsizing -- are only onecontribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.24.His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in amechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.25.Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Scienceand Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.26.A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many othergroups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.27.But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth areanti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.28.The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmentalstudies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.29.They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselvesas more enlightened.30.Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regionalcompetition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.31.This development -- and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead -- hasenthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.32.Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known togeologists as hot spots.33.The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean arereminders of where the two continents were once joined.34.As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may breakentirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.35.Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipateevery possible accident.36.In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push”information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.37.It is not simply to raise everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend schoolinto their teens.38.We have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannotcompetently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.39.But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developedskills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.40.Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans,he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -- although no one had proposed to do so -- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.41.Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earlieststage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.42.Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of theminds of the men who watch the experiments.43.The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question hehad been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.44.It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are goingand how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.45.When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, ithad a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.46.For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and whichsat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.47.The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring --means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.48.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savagelooks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”49.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocatesare aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.50.With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry maybe -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature.51.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated jobmarket have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.st year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued thatliberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”53.Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’sSurface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.54.With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens livein cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.55.If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition -- wealth, distinction, control over one’sdestiny -- must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.56.If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must behighly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.57.What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as oncethey could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.58.We are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: thecritic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.59.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical orlaboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.60.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply anincreasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.61.The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs,a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journalsin the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.62.A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming togethernationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.63.As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalizeaccess -- after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.64.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.65.Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study thehistory of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States.66.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explainwhy the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.67.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscaleneighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.68.This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of nationalbusinessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.69.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie theglobalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer’s demands.70.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon myrelatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.71.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” preached byLinda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.72.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorshipof She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.73.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting inthe mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life -- growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one -- as a personal recognition of your limitations.74.Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of themor that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.75.If you are part of the group, which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know theexperiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties.76.And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are alreadyrobot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy --far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.77.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with lesshuman supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves -- goals that pose a real challenge.78.Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits andmicroprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.79.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundredbillion nerve cells are much more talented -- and human perception far more complicated -- than previously imagined.80.Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could pushthe price higher still in the short term.81.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a fullyear, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only0.25-0.5% of GDP.82.On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies -- to which heavy industry has shifted -- havebecome more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.83.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effectsupported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects -- a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen -- is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.84.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to controlterminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.85.George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as adoctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.86.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laidthe roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.87.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.88.Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should activelyrecruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.。
2023考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文全
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content ore-commerce engines within that environment.词汇突破：e-commerce [i:kɒmərs]n. 电子商务commerce [ˈkɒmɜːs]n. 贸易，商业commercial [kəˈmɜːʃ(ə)l]adj. 商业的，商务的；商业化的，以获利为目的的n. 电视广告，电台广告commercialization [kəˌmɜːʃəlaɪˈzeɪʃn]n. 商品化，商业化结构分析：句子的主干是We define such sold media as owned media。
whose traffic is so strong 是一个定语从句，修饰media，that 引导结果状语从句。
参考译文：我们将这种销售媒体定义为拥有媒体，其流量如此之大，以至于其他组织将其内容或电子商务引擎置于该环境中。
The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.词汇突破:stem [stem]n. 干；茎；船首；血统vt. 阻止；除去…的茎；给…装柄vi. 阻止；起源于某事物；逆行结构分析:句子的主干是The way means，consumers now approach the process 是一个同位语，解释说明way 的内容，同位语从句中of making purchase decisions 作process 的后置定语，that 引导一个宾语从句，作mean 的宾语。
田静考研英语语法课笔记之长难句
一、并列句的构成并列句=多个简单句+并列连词1.表示顺接的并列连词…and …both …and ………和……not only …but …as well not only …but also …not only …but …不但……而且……2.表示转折的并列连词…but ……yet ………但是……3.表示选择的并列连词…or …either …or ………或者……（二选一）neither …nor …既不……也不……（两个都不选）4.表示因果的并列连词…for ………因为………so ………所以/因此……并列句不一定非要连接句子，它也可以连接词或词组。
如果多件事并列，且中间的多个并列连词相同，通常保留最后一个并列连词，把前面相同的并列连词替换成逗号；如果中间的多个并列连词不同，则不能替换。
二、并列句的省略相同的部分可以省略，余下的成分保持不变。
1.主语相同（只有并列句中主语相同可以省略）I had no money and needed the job.2.谓语动词或谓语动词的一部分相同Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.Part2 长难句第一章并列句田静英语二语法课笔记之长难句第二章复合句第一节名词性从句名词性从句分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。
一、宾语从句1.宾语从句的含义（宾语从句=连接词+陈述句）Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective .2.宾语从句的写法①陈述句变宾语从句（前面加that ，that 不作成分，可以省略）Dr.Worm acknowledges (that)these figures are conservative.We believe (that)consumers should have more control.②特殊疑问句变宾语从句（疑问语序变回陈述语序）We suddenly can’t remember ____________Where did we put the keys just a moment ago?→We suddenly can’t remember where we put the keys just a moment ago.③一般疑问句变宾语从句（先调整语序，主语提前，再前加是否whether 或if ）I don’t know ________________Are other clients going to abandon me,too?→I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me,too…动宾考查最多，形容词+宾语从句简单了解即可。
考研英语长难句结构如何分析
考研英语长难句结构如何分析考研英语长难句结构如何分析长难句是英语复习的重难点，看到一个长难句，我们就应该着手去进行分析。
店铺为大家精心准备了考研英语长难句结构分析的技巧，欢迎大家前来阅读。
考研英语长难句结构分析的方法英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能为并列、包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。
因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句，首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及清楚从句之间的关系。
英语经常出现的复合句包括：名词性从句，它又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;形容词性从句，即定语从句;另外还有状语从句。
那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢?有以下几点最为基础的步骤需要考生们记住：1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构;2、找出句中所有从句的引导词及其所引导的谓语结构;3、找出句中所有的非谓语结构、介词短语;4、分析从句和短语的功能(例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等)以及词、短语和从句之间的关系;5、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
例：Of course, some regulation is inevitable and undoubtedly necessary, but a free and democratic society functions best when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点，并列连词，从属连词Of course,// some regulation is inevitable and undoubtedlynecessary, //but a free and democratic society functions best //when it leaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government.图示：Of course, some regulation is inevitable and undoubtedly necessary,but a free and democratic societyfunctions bestwhen itleaves the resolution of its ethical quandaries to the reasoned judgment of its citizens rather than the regulatory authority of the government.参考译文：当然，某些规定是不可避免并且是必需的，但是只有当社会让民众通过自己的理智判断而非政府管制去解决道德难题时，一个自由民主的社会才能最大限地发挥其功能。
语法讲义--长难句分析完整版
I don’t think people are capable of that anymore. (2016, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)
断开长难句 – 考场攻略 攻略 1：先找从句，但先看主句
攻略 2：不要纠结从句
… when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. (2015, Translation)
On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. (2018, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
断开长难句： 标点/连接词 – 练习 Twenty‐seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty‐seven were told only that some were electrified. (2018, Use of English)
(2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)
The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after பைடு நூலகம்e has turned it on. (英语一, 2012, Reading Comprehension, Part B)
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G002语法讲义P16嵌套结构He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.（2008翻译）concisely / kənˈsaisli / adv.简明地；简洁地compensate / ˈkɔmpenseit / v.补偿；弥补intent / inˈtent / adj.热切的；专注的enable / iˈneibl / v.使能够；使有机会detect / diˈtekt / v.发现；查明；侦察出reasoning / ˈri:zəniŋ / n.推想；推理observation / ˌɔbzəˈveiʃn / n.言论；评论；观察译文：他指出，在清晰简洁地表达自己的思想方面，他总是会经历许多困难。
但是他认为或许正因为（语言表达上的）这种困难，他不得不对自己要说的每句话都进行长时间的认真思考，从而能发现推理错误及自己言论中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。
练一练：分析下列句子结构1.While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.appropriate [əˈprəʊprɪət] adj.适当的；恰当的federal ['fed(ə)r(ə)l] adj.联邦的manufacturer [,mænjʊ'fæktʃ(ə)rə(r)] n.制造商liability [laɪə'bɪlɪtɪ] n.责任，义务你需要明白的几个知识点：1. 句子主干为it isn’t clear that…，it做形式主语置于句首，that主语从句放在句末。
2. while置于句首，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
从句中，and 连接两个并列的句子。
3. the dangers of drug interactions, for example 做插入语，被破折号隔开，起补充说明的作用。
插入语与句子的其他部分没有语法上的关系，是做独立的成分。
4. ②and many are required by state or federal regulations为被动语态，by引出动作发出者。
译文：尽管警示语常常是合理而必要的（如警告药物有相互作用的危险），并且很多是州或联邦法规所要求的，但是当消费者受伤时，这些警示语能否真正保护制造商和销售商使之免于承担责任，却还很难说。
2.At the same time, the American Law Institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.academic / ˌækəˈdemik / n. 高等院校教师；高校科研人员substantial / səbˈstænʃl / adj. 大量的；价值巨大的issue / ˈiʃu: / v. 公布；发出bombard / bɔmˈbɑ:d / v. 提供过多信息你需要明白的几个知识点：1. 句子主干the American Law Institute issued new guidelines，at the same time为时间状语.2. a group of judges, lawyers, and academics作the American Law Institute 的同位语。
3. whose recommendations carry substantial weight作a group of judges, lawyers, and academics的定语从句。
4. stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones为现在分词短语作定语。
其中的that从句作stating的宾语从句。
译文：与此同时，美国法学会—一群说话举足轻重的法官、律师、学者—发布了新的侵权法指导原则，宣布公司不必警示顾客那些显而易见的危险，或者给顾客列出一份冗长的可能遇到的危险清单。
3.Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company’s private intranet.conduct ['kɒndʌkt] v. 进行；实施；执行transaction [træn'zækʃ(ə)n] n. 交易give access to 准许进入private [ˈpraɪvɪt] adj. 私有的，个人的你需要明白的几个知识点：1.句子的主干为Some companies are limiting the risk。
2. by引导的成分作状语，表方式。
此状语结构中还嵌套有一个定语从句who are given access to the company's private intranet，修饰partners，表明partners享有的权限。
译文：一些公司正通过只与授权进入其私用内部网络的老商业伙伴进行在线交易来限制风险。
4.International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.affiliate / əˈfilieit / n. 附属机构；分公司account for (数量上、比例上)占fast-growing 高速发展的，高速成长的segment / ˈseɡmənt / n. 部份；份economy / iˈkɔnəmi / n. 经济体；经济；经济制度open up 开放investment / inˈvestmənt / n. 投资译文：国际子公司在那些对外开放并欢迎外资的经济体中所占产量份额快速增长。
5.The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.pioneer / ˌpaiəˈniə(r) / n. 先锋；先驱mix / miks / v.&n. 混合；结合interactivity / ˌintərækˈtivəti / n. 互动；配合hospitality / ˌhɔspiˈtæləti / n. 好客；殷勤security / siˈkjuərəti / n. 安全工作你需要明白的几个知识点：1. 句子主干是the examples of… show that…2. that引导了宾语从句，在宾语从句中，主语是a web site，谓语是will attract，宾语是online customers。
在从句中又嵌套着一个现在分词作的后置定语，修饰a web site.3. 该句子中包含两个并列平行结构，一处是主语the examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers；另一处是the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security。
译文：Virtual Vineyards和Amazon. com及其他（网络商务）先锋的例子表明：若网络销售适类商品，并将互动、热情和安全完美结合，则必将吸引网上客户。
6.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.invisible [ɪn'vɪzɪb(ə)l] adj. 无形的，看不见的on the behalf of 代表prospect ['prɒspekt] n. 前途；预期；景色reform [rɪ'fɔːm] n. 改革，改良译文：有人以学生的职业前景为由主张将计算机引入课堂，有人则以彻底的教育改革这种更宽泛的理由主张将计算机引入课堂，这两者中间的存在着一种无形的界限。