大学专业英语chapter8
英语实用口语Chapter-8-Checking-Out-at-a-Hotel--教学设计
Chapter8 Checking Out at a Hotel备注:本次教学设计打破以往的step by step的师生对话式的设计。
我们的设计提供多种选择性的活动设计，最大限度地提供给不同的教师、不同的学生选择性使用适合于你自己教学方式和学生的那种活动。
教学目的：这部分的教学目的是学习与主题相关的词汇。
通过单元词汇客房内设施与备品名称导入与学习，为整个单元的学习活动作必要的语言积累和准备。
使学生初步了解办理退房手续的常用词汇及相关客房设施与备品的英文名称，同时也为完成本单元的任务做了词汇上的准备。
Section A课时分配建议：1个课时。
Warming Up1A Match and say. 根据所给的图片和单词，配对并说出相应的名称。
【教学建议】教师与学生Free talk：Look! Where is Li Ming? 教师通过李明在Princess Hotel的照片，让学生猜猜图片中的李明在哪里，打算做什么。
当学生提到check out时，教师可随即表述：Li Ming is leaving for a new scenic spot. Now he is going to check out, too. 将话题引导到在旅馆办理退房手续的话题。
Step1: Individual activity. Students go through the pictures and know the meaning of each picture.【教学建议】教师提问：“What’s this?”或“What can you see in the picture / video?”，学生说出每张图片中涉及的办理退房手续时有关物品的英文名称，教师选择几组进行检查并给出反馈。
Step2: Individual activity. Students read the words (lobby, room number, receipt, reception desk), and match the words with pictures.【说明】本活动的目的是提供办理退房手续相关词汇，导入话题。
chapter8 Financial Structure
2）Expertise（专门技术）
Problem 1(课后题2）: Describe two ways in which financial intermediaries help lower transaction costs in the economy.
Ⅲ Asymmetric Information
由经济学家乔治· 阿克洛夫（George Akerlof）于1970年提出来。 “柠檬”一 词在美国俚语中表示“次品”，由于逆向选择对市场的影响类似于二手车市 场的次品问题，故柠檬问题又称次品车问题。“柠檬问题”是信息不对称理 论的重要组成部分。
二手车市场（used-car market）
买者不知道每辆车的质量但知道车市的质量分布。假设车市有三辆车，价格分 别为：0,5,10。 首先，顾客愿意花费的价格是5，所以，价格为10的车主退出市场； 之后，基于市场质量分布，顾客将只愿意花费2.5，价格为5的车主退出市场； 最后，顾客的花费意愿将降为0，且只有最差的车留在市场。
交易一方对另一方缺乏充分了解，以至于无法做出正确的决策。
1）Adverse selection
2）Moral hazard
Ⅲ Asymmetric Information
and Financial Structure
1、How Adverse Selection Influences Financial Structure------ The Lemons Problem（柠檬问题）
Ⅰ Basic Puzzles About Financial Structure Throughout the World
5、The financial system is among the most heavily regulated sectors of the economy. 6、Only large, well-established（组织完善） corporations have easy access to securities markets to finance their activities. Individuals and medium-small businesses
英语语言学概论第八章笔记
英语语言学概论第八章笔记Chapter 8 Socio-linguistics 社会语言学1.What is socio-linguistics? 什么是社会语言学？Sociolinguistics is the sub-discipline of linguistics that studies language in social contexts.社会语言学是语言学的一个分支，它研究社会环境中的语言。
nguage variation 语言变异a)S peech community 言语社区In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of social groups. The social group isolated for any given study is called speech community. A speech community thus defined as a group of people who form a community (which may have as few members as a family or as many member as a country), and share the same language or a particular variety of language. The important characteristic of a speech community is that the members of the group must, in some reasonable way, interact linguistically with other members of the community. They may share closely related language varieties, as well as attitudes toward linguistic norms.社会语言学研究中，说话者被当作是社会群体的成员。
英语词汇学chapter 8 social meaning
More examples:
ere (before);
oft(often);
albeit (although) thither( there)
theretofore (up to that time)
save (except) perchance ( perhaps)
arson felony
(language of science)
General
Specialist
hole speed force
orifice/cavity velocity intensity
(language of advertising) account：雇佣广告公司为其商品等 作广告的公司和人。 ad：指报刊或杂志上的印刷性广告 以区别于播送、电视广告。 campaign：指形式不同，内容相似 的某一商品的系列广告。 CPM：指某一广告在某一媒介上传播 至每一千人或一千户家庭，刊登广 告人所花的费用。
Other features of language tell us something of the social relationship between the speaker and hearer; we have a scale of status usage, for example, descending from formal and literary English at one end to colloquial, familiar, and eventually slang English at the other.
Status (polite, colloquial, slang, etc. )
chapter8解包袱法
• 2. The president is on a poverty tour.
• “poverty tour”是名词+名词结构，但如果
译者根据英语句子结构，将“poverty tour”译 作“贫穷访问”则会使读者一团雾水。 实际 上，这句话是指总统到贫困地区的走访，应 理解为：The president now is on a poverty
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6
Analysis and Practice
• 1. The divorce is less culturally
acceptable in a society that is family-
oriented.
句子中的culturally acceptable是副词+形容词 结构。但是culturally不能照搬到译文中来译作“文
should be. What works best for China
will be a system rooted in China itself.
中国经历了一 系列艰难的变革和尝试。我也好，其它 美国人也罢，都不好说中国应当执行什么样的经济制度。 在中国最行得通的，是一个根植于中国国情的经济制度。
香港特别行政区的社会治安由香港 特别行政区政府负责维持。（转换为动词）
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1
2. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.
一个衣着讲究的人上了车，他的外表和谈吐都 像个美国人。
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化地接受”。理解此句必须解开culturally， acceptable 和 society之间的关系。 society that is family—oriented提示给我们： culturally应为离婚不宜被接受的“社会文化背景”。
英语演讲选修课chapter 8 Special
“Children, we have a very important guest with us today. He is the number one policeman in our city, the head of all the other police officers. Besides knowing a lot about crime right here at home, the police commissioner has also spent time working with Interpol – a special group of police officers who deal with crimes around the world. Today he is going to talk about how all of us can help to prevent crime. Let’s give a big round of applause and listen carefully to police commissioner Robert Washington.”
Focus on the accomplishments of the recipient
The audience doesn’t want a detailed biography of the recipient. You just need to highlight his achievements. The speech of presentation will be very brief, rarely more than five minutes long.
1. Speech of introduction
自考本科英语语言学Chapter8LanguageAndSociety
Chapter 8 Language And Society1. Language is not only used to communicate meaning, but also used to establishand maintain social relationships.1. The relatedness between language and society2. The users of the same language in a sense all speak differently related to their语言和社会的关联social background.3. The structure of language vocabulary is different,reflects both the physical andsocial environments of a society.There are different words about snow in Eskimo.1.The scope of sociolinguistics 1. Speech community (linguistic community) : is widely used by sociolinguists to refer to社会语言学范围 2. Speech community and speech variety a community mainly based language. It’s generally defined as a group of people who言语社团和言语变体have the opportunity to interact with each other and there are exist various social groupsdefined not only by the speaker’s geographical background, but also by their educationalbackground, their occupation, gender, age, or ethnic affiliation.2. Speech variety, or language variety, refers to any distinguishable form of speech usedby a speaker or a group of speakers. Linguistic features of a speech variety can be foundat the lexical, the phonological, the morphological, or the syntactical level of the languageThree types of speech variety: regional dialects, sociolects and registers.3. Two approaches to sociolinguistic studies1 Regional dialect: is a linguistic variety used by people living in the same geographical region. (同一地理区域使用的)2.V arieties of language 2 sociolect: refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class. (特定社会阶层使用的)语言的各种变体 1. Dialectal varieties 3 language and gender.女性的语言比男性“更正确”原因在女性对自己身份更看重(more status-conscious)4 idiolect: is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender and age5 language and age6 ethnic dialect; is a social dialect of a language that cuts across regional differences; it’s mainly spoken by a lessprivileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation such as racial discrimination and segregation1. Field of discourse语场：指社会行为的类型，即正在进行的活动的领域和目的，包括谈话的主题。
英语语言学概论第八章笔记
Chapter 8 Socio-linguistics 社会语言学1.What is socio-linguistics? 什么是社会语言学？Sociolinguistics is the sub-discipline of linguistics that studies language in social contexts.社会语言学是语言学的一个分支，它研究社会环境中的语言。
nguage variation 语言变异a)Speech community 言语社区In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of social groups. The social group isolated for any given study is called speech community. A speech community thus defined as a group of people who form a community (which may have as few members as a family or as many member as a country), and share the same language or a particular variety of language. The important characteristic of a speech community is that the members of the group must, in some reasonable way, interact linguistically with other members of the community. They may share closely related language varieties, as well as attitudes toward linguistic norms.社会语言学研究中，说话者被当作是社会群体的成员。