The problems with America美国社会问题
Social-Problems-社会问题
• Drug abuse is certainly associated with the crime. • The drug is responsible for half of the annual total distribution of wealth and income is very unequal.
The pattern of the distribution of wealth in the US
• The richest fifth of American individuals and families owns more than three quarters of the wealth in the United States, whereas the lowest fifth owns only 0.2percent of the wealth.
• Why was poverty not regarded as a significant social problem after
World War Ⅱ？
New issues like the cold war ， communism，and America’s new global involvement aroused public concern.
• What does poverty mean in the United states?
1 Over 24 million people are living at or below the official poverty.
_美国社会问题
• • • • • • 富裕中的贫困 毒品泛滥、赌博 强奸、凶杀、青少年犯罪 同性恋、艾滋病 种族歧视或肤色歧视 各种形式的犯罪、枪支泛滥
一、美国被列为世界最富有国家之一，
其贫困问题却名列工业国家榜首。
• 80年代，贫困率是英、法、西德、瑞士、荷兰等 国的2倍 • 1983年，生活在贫困线以下的美国人为3530万 • 90年代，靠施舍过活动人已达4300万（占美国人 口17.2%），此外，还有300—400万露宿街头的 无家可归者 • 据一次全国统计，有1000万人由于没有足够的食 品患营养不良症，这些人的境遇各有不同，长期 失业是一个主要原因。
吸毒原因
• • • • 精神压抑，寻求解脱 尝试禁果，填补空虚 大众传媒的不良影响 毒品泛滥，推销有术
反毒品斗争及其失败原因
• 滋生吸毒的社会土壤肥沃 • 毒品集团势力强大，手段狡猾 • 步调不一，打击不力
三、美国枪支问题 • 美国是西方世界中法律允许私人拥 有枪支的唯一国家
美国宪法第二条修正案
弗吉尼亚理工大学学生举行悼念集会
四、种族歧视或肤色歧视也是美国社会的大 问题，主要表现在对待黑人的人格和尊严上。
• 由于技能低下和受教育不够，造成黑人就业率不足。据统 计，美国有11.8%的人口处于贫困线，大约为2500万人， 其中绝大多数是黑人。住房也反映着种族歧视。白人不愿 与黑人做邻居。如有黑人移居白人居住的地区，一些富庶 的白人将会搬家，另觅他处。居住在“城里”的多是一些 收入低下的黑人农业工人、黑人林业工人和黑人矿工。这 样就形成了贫民区和种族隔离区。 • 黑人面临的另一个可怕问题是“三K党”的迫害。“三K 党”1915年成立，由南方顽固坚持白人优越的恐怖分子所 组成。由于黑人的长期斗争和正义白人的支持，“三K党” 的恶行后来有所收敛，但直至今日恐怖活动仍不时发生
实用英语翻译4 Basic Translation Skill_Conversion
他抽烟抽得很凶。 He is a heavy smoker.
他倒是不抽烟，但他的爸爸却一支接一支地抽（ 是个老烟枪）。 He is no smoker, but his father is a chainsmoker.
More es…
另外，有些英语中名词尽管本身并不具有很强 的动作意味，但为了汉语表达的通顺自然，也 可以将其转译为汉语中的动词： Give me liberty or give me death. 不自由，毋宁死。 He is an enemy to reform. 他反对改革。
3 形容词转译成动词（adj.---v.）
Students should be respectful to their teachers. 学生应该尊重老师。 I am doubtful of his sincerity. 我怀疑他的诚意。
（英文中表情感、知觉等心理状态的形容词，如 sure, thankful, aware等，在系动词be、look、 become、seem…等之后，往往可以转译为中文 动词。）
一、汉语动词转换成英语名词
动词变名词或名词短语，可以减少主谓结构的数 量和提升文体档次，多用于政论，描述，科技文 章中。 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起 了巨大的反响。 China’s successful explosion of its first atom bomb caused tremendous repercussions throughout the world.
Some of my students are good writers. 我有些学生文章写得很好。
英语中一些带有词缀“er”或“or”的名词有时不一 定表示职业或者身份，却可以表示某种动作的执行 者，带有较强的动作意味，因此可以转译成动词。
美国文化的英语作文
[Summary]：每个政府都在竭尽全力地促使自己治理的社会迅速发展，美国也不例外。
然而，我们不能只注意美国光鲜亮丽的一面，还应该知道，在其经济发展政治和平的同时，也有许多社会问题存在着。
其中最为不能忽视的就是，美国部分居民的贫困问题,它毕竟还是美国经济发展的绊脚石之一。
[Key words]: America; poverty; poor; social problem; blackIn our mind, America is always considered as the symbol of wealth. Nevertheless, we should not just pay attention to one side of the society. And we need to focus on the other side of it. Every country has its social problems, so does America. Although America is the richest country in the world and has the best conditions to provide free medical service to the entire people, the government of USA doesn’t offer it to all citizens. And many managers of companies use their power to snatch the greed of the top executives. Further more, drug is a major offense in poor communities and some ethnic minority people have been involve in street drug dealing instead of border smuggling. But the most serious social problem as I am concerned is the poverty.Gregg Easterbrook has published his book, The Progress Parabox(2003), whose secondary title is ,”How life gets better while people fell worse.”The author thinks that many Americans confound what they need and what they want. They will never care about whether they need the new products or not and buy them as soon as they are put into the market. For the credit card is very convenient, it is easy to make Americans owe a lot of debts: everyone owes about 3500 dollars in average. A part of their spiritual and financial stress derives form this. This blindness causes the waste of citizens’ wealth, and makes the poor poorer.There are a great number of Americans lead a poor life. And the majority of them are ordinary people who are always working hard to earn more money to support a family. In the United States, a family of four with an annual income of about 13,000 dollars or less is identified as living in poverty and in need of help, for the reason that the lowest salary made by the government is too low: 5.15 dollars. If the average lowest salary of the whole America increases to 10 dollars, this problem will besolved. But in case that the government does so, the entire society will pay for the development of the poor people’s life.The phenomena of poverty exist all the time. Viewed from a historical perspective, local governments made efforts to provide the poorest with certain amount of money for them to deal with difficult situations. Feeling that the aid would undermine the principle of self-reliance, some people, even in a desperate condition, might refuse to accept such a kind of aids. However, this small amount of aids did help a lot of people, including many immigrants,get out of the difficulties they were facing.In the USA, about 90% of the population is well-off enough to expect a brighter future. The USA still has one of the highest standards of living in the world, although, at the present time , 10% are below what the Government considers to be the “poverty line.”While these underprivileged people receive help from the Government, they have no high hopes for their future. It is from this “underclass,” and those who take advantage of it, that most of the violence spring s——the violence which is one of the least pleasant aspects of American society.There is no social hierarchy to prevent people from competing with each other in theory, but in reality, many black people and ethnic minorities could not hold equal opportunities as European immigrants did. As a result, many blacks and ethnic minorities became the poor and unemployed. What’s worse, the government can not offer some available policies to give all the citizens the equal treatment to receive education. Because of the lack of practical skills and enough education, the employ rates of the black is low. The racial discriminate also does some bad effects on the black’s life. The white refuse to live together with them. So they have to move to a place after another. As a consequence, the slum and the area of racial separation are born. The black are always struggling for their poor life , but receiving little.As for me, the government of USA should take more measures to improve the problem of poverty. First, the social welfare system should be perfect all the while. Since the New Deal period when President Roosevelt took office, the United States has maintained an effective public welfare system by giving various financial aids tothe needed so as to help stabilize the society and the nation. Secondly, the equal rights should be provided to everyone, no matter what color their skin is. As Barack Obama becomes the US President-elect, I believe that the social status of the black will change to a higher standard. So they will also get more chances to be educated and to be employed. At last, Americans should keep working hard and be hopeful of their future. They are citizens of the richest country in the world. They should be confident of their government. Obama will give them a new time to get rid of the financial crisis, to develop the economy and to say goodbye to poverty.【参考文献】：《美国社会与文化》，江宁康，南京：东南大学出版社。
美国的社会问题
有的学校82%的学生已经是黑人了。
原因是白人学生惟恐避黑人学生而不远。
在华盛顿，有很多白人移居郊区，不愿与黑人为伍，从而使黑人学生从57%增至96%。
至今，人们还在争论实行“强迫公共汽车”制度是否有必要，以致热衷于此项规定的人士也逐渐动摇起来。
由于技能低下和受教育不够，造成黑人就业率不足。
据统计，美国有11.8%的人口处于贫困线，大约为2500万人，其中绝大多数是黑人。
住房也反映着种族歧视。
白人不愿与黑人做邻居。
如有黑人移居白人居住的地区，一些富庶的白人将会搬家，另觅他处。
居住在“城里”的多是一些收入低下的黑人农业工人、黑人林业工人和黑人矿工。
这样就形成了贫民区和种族隔离区。
黑人面临的另一个可怕问题是“三K党”的迫害。
“三K党”1915年成立，由南方顽固坚持白人优越的恐怖分子所组成。
由于黑人的长期斗争和正义白人的支持，“三K党”的恶行后来有所收敛，但直至今日恐怖活动仍不时发生。
4、美国人口在2000年已有3亿，2020年将达4亿。
美国商业部估计，1969年每人平均收入为3400美元，2000年为8300美元。
美国现有民用汽车1.1亿辆，商用汽车1.5亿辆。
人口增加意味着汽车增加。
人口增长带来的收入增长，必然造成消费的增长。
这些增长被用在汽车、房屋和其它物质消耗上，势将造成灾难性资源消耗和污染。
污染问题如今已经成为全社会所关注的大问题。
人口的不断增加，伴之生活水平的不断提高，不仅将消耗美国的资源，也必消耗全世界的资源，由此造成的又将污染人口密集的环境，给地球居民的健康造成损害。
烟雾曾给人们造成烦恼，但那时人们对于烟雾的认识还是极其肤浅的，如今才认识到它对人类健康的危害是多麽巨大。
人们也曾津津乐道汽车带给自己的快捷和享受，今天才知道它原来是造成污染破坏环境的要犯。
曾几何时，人们曾为重工业对人类社会的贡献引吭高歌过，但它对河流、土地和空气的污染是显而易见的，它造成的声音污染和视觉污染也是有目共睹的。
如今，大家都清楚DDT和其它化学药物给人们带来的生态危害远远超出它带给人类的好处。
美国社会的社会问题
美国社会的社会问题美国作为世界上最大的发达国家之一，虽然在经济、科技等领域取得了很大的成绩，但也面临着一系列的社会问题。
本文将从教育、贫富差距、少数族裔问题和枪支暴力等几个方面探讨美国社会的社会问题。
一、教育问题美国的教育系统虽然发展较完善，但仍存在一些问题。
首先，教育资源的不平等分配问题使得富人能够更好地获得教育资源，而穷人则面临教育资源匮乏的困境。
这导致了不公平的竞争环境和机会不均等。
其次，教育质量的落后是一个严重的问题，尤其是在贫困地区的公立学校中。
很多学生没有接受到高质量的教育，这对他们未来的发展产生了负面影响。
二、贫富差距问题美国是一个富人越来越富，穷人越来越穷的国家。
贫富差距的扩大引发了社会不平等和社会不满情绪的增加。
富人阶层享有更好的教育、医疗和社会资源，而穷人则陷入贫困和社会边缘化。
这种社会分化不仅削弱了社会的凝聚力，也限制了整个国家的发展潜力。
三、少数族裔问题少数族裔在美国社会中长期面临着歧视和不平等的待遇。
他们在就业、教育和居住等方面面临着更大的困难。
此外，部分警察对待少数族裔的暴力行为也时有发生，引发了社会对种族不公正的广泛谴责。
这些问题严重影响了少数族裔群体的平等权益，损害了社会的整体公平与正义。
四、枪支暴力问题美国面临着严重的枪支暴力问题。
根据统计数据，美国每年都有大量的枪支暴力事件发生，导致了大量的人员伤亡。
这种枪支暴力问题不仅威胁到人民的生命安全，也造成了社会的不安定和恐慌。
然而，由于枪支在美国具有特殊的历史和文化背景，以及相关法律的限制，这个问题一直未能得到有效解决。
总结美国社会面临着多方面的社会问题，其中教育、贫富差距、少数族裔问题和枪支暴力问题是其中的重要方面。
为了改善这些社会问题，美国政府和社会各界需要加大力度进行改革和创新，通过改进教育体制、减少贫富差距、消除种族歧视和加强枪支管控等措施，使美国社会更加公正、稳定和繁荣。
只有这样，美国才能更好地实现全体人民的共同繁荣和幸福。
美国的社会问题
Though，America is the most powerful and the richest country the world，there are still many problems in the United States，especially the social security problem.There are a number of reasons, I would argue, behind the trend. To begin with，because of America's asset class concept is too serious, leading to the gap between rich and poor in the world. It has been recorded, the United States has only ten percent of the total assets of the United States of America's total assets of fifty percent. What is more，the gap is just the problem ，such as robbery and shoplifting and pickpocket and so on，of the social problem in the United State.In order to solve or reduce the social security problem of the United States,first we should solve the problem of the gap between the rich and the poor. In the first step, we will give some preferential policies to the poor people. Second，we will be able to merge capitalism and socialism with China as part of the integration of capitalism and socialism. Finally, appropriate social propaganda is also necessary.。
社会工作专业词汇中英文对照
社会工作专业词汇中英对照A for marriage and family therapy 美国婚姻与家庭治疗协会A for the study of group work 美国小组工作研究会A hospital association 美国议员联合会A of Group worker 美国小组工作者协会A of marriage counselors 美国婚姻辅导委员会A of medical social worker 美国医务社会工作者协会A of psychiatric social work 美国精神病社会工作者协会A of schools of social work 美国社会工作院校联合会A of social workers美国社会工作者协会A psychiatric association 美国精神病学联合会A red cross 美国，自己翻译吧Administration andAdministration in social work (journal ) 《社会工作行政》（杂志）Administration 行政Adolescents and 青少年与吸毒Adolescents 青少年AdoptionAdoption 领养Advocacy and 倡导与未来的社会工作Advocacy 倡导AFDC 抚养儿童家庭补助计划Aftercare facilities and 出院后的照顾设施与精神健康服务Aftercare facilities 出院后的照顾设施Agency settings 机构场所Aging 老年AIDS epidemic 艾滋病流行Alcohol 醺酒Alcoholism 醺酒Almshouses 济贫院And social workApplicants for 申请领养人Applications of 小组工作的应用Assessment 评估Associated charities 联合慈善机构assumptions of 咨询的前提假设Bachelor of social work (BSW) degress 社会工作学士学位Balanced budget act (1997) 《平衡预算法案》1997Basic assumptions and principles of ~ 行政的基本假定与原则Battered women 受虐妇女Biopsychosocial 生理心理社会因素与个案工作Brief Introduction to Sociology社会学简论Caregivers 老年照顾者Caregivers 照顾者Case management andCase management 个案管理Case management 个案管理Case study method 个案研究方法Case work 个案工作Certification of social workers 社会工作者认证Changing nature of work 工作性质的改变Charity organization societies (COS) 慈善组织协会Cheating 欺诈child abuse and neglectChild abuse and neglect 虐待与忽视儿童Child guidance movement 儿童指导运动Child welfareChronically mentality ill and 慢性精神病与精神健康服务Chronically 慢性精神病ChurchCivil rights movement 民权运动Client案主Clinical Social Work临床社会工作Closed systems 封闭系统CocaineCode of ethics 伦理守则Collaboration in 行政工作的合并Collaboration 协办Commitment and 服务承诺与靖康精神服务Commitment 服务承诺Committee operation 委员会运作Commonwealth fund 英联邦基金Community chest 公益金Community mental health centers (CMHCS)and 社区精神健康中心与精神健康服务Community organization andCommunity organization and 社区组织与老年community organization 社区组织community resources 社区资源Community Services社区服务confidentiality 保密consolation 咨询Consultant role inConsultation in 行政咨询Continuing educationcontinuing education (CE) 继续教育contract with America 签约美国control groups 控制组coordination 协调corporate health care 矫治Corporate 公司型卫生保健Corrections andCorrections andcorrections and 矫正和社区组织Council on social work education (CSWE) 社会工作教育委员会Councils of Asocial Agencies 社会机构委员会Counseling 辅导Courts 法庭Crack 快克CrimeCultural Anthropology文化人类学Cultural dissonance 文化失调Cultural Sociology文化社会学Current Issues in Theories of Sociology社会学理论专题Curriculum Policy Statements and Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) curriculum statements 课程声明Day care centers 老年日间护理中心Day care centers 日间照料中心Day treatment 日间治疗De finedDefinedDefineddefineddefineddefinedDefinedDefinedDefined 行政的定义Deinstitutionalization 去机构照顾Diagnosis and 诊断与Diplomat exam 社会工作师资格考试disadvantaged groups弱势群体Disappoint in love失恋Discussion on Political & Economic Systems in Socialism社会主义各国政，经体制讨论division of child and family services 儿童与家庭服务科Doctoral programs in social work 社会工作博士培养方案Domestic violence家庭暴力Dropout rates 辍学率Drug abuseDrug abuse andDrug abuse andDrug abuse and 吸毒与青少年Drug abuse 吸毒Drug courts 吸毒法庭Drug therapy 吸毒治疗Eclecticism 折中主义Education for social work 社会工作教育Elizabethan Poor Laws 《伊丽莎白济贫法》Emergency care for 虚度紧急救护Employee assistance programs (EPAs) 雇员援助计划Encyclopedia of Social Work 《社会工作百科全书》English for Sociology专业英语Enrichment andEnrichment inEnrichment in living 充实生活Erotological Social Work老年社会工作Evaluation 评估Evaluation：估价, 评价, 赋值examples ofExamples ofExamples of 个案工作的案例Experimental group 试验组Extent and cost of 吸毒的范围与代价Faith-based social service 信心为本的社会服务FamilyFamilyFamily andFamily counseling 家庭辅导Family Preservation Services (FPS) 家庭维护服务Family Service Association of America (FSAA) 美国家庭服务协会Family Social Work家庭社会工作Family Support Act (1988) 《家庭支持法案》1988Family Welfare Association of America 美国家庭福利会Fieldwork 传说中的“实习”Fieldwork/n./野战工事, 野外工作, 实地调查, 现场工作。
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Company corruption
Tax havens
• In reality the nurse – the rich use tax havens
Illegal activity
• They can move their money into countries with low levels of tax keeping their wealth Robbing the government of extra money for education etc.
If Americans were not as responsible for their lives than their values tell them would they not go to such extremes to protect their wealth?
Crime/drug abuse
The problems with America
The worst social problems
representation in America is like a silent auction
• Available to those that can afford it and stay silent. – you pay others and they stay quiet.
• Every development has been met with a new way to treat blacks unfair. This way is every institution school justice etc.
Poverty
Poverty
• In 2009 to be living in poverty a family of 4 must earn $21,954 • 2008 13.2% 39.8 million were living in extreme poverty • 2009 14.6% 43.6 million were living in extreme poverty • This number increases each year
• Also going by preference it shows that some ingredients are better than others.
Racism of a kind
we are only studying introduction to algebra
Students, Algebra 2 will be added to your SAT exam
America the salad bowl
The salad bowl
• Salad bowl shows that the ethnicities are different as the ingredients of salad. • However salad is always falling apart, the quantities are always misleading.
The value ridden problem
• With materialism people are encouraged to spend as much as possible • If you have to much debt you lose your home and become homeless and can live in poverty for an extended amount of time.
stereotype threat
• There is a belief that Latinos, Indians and blacks are not very smart. • Most are kept in the lower classes and questions on exams are chosen depending on how well the smart students answer (white and Asian).
Poverty in reality
Can you spare some loose change please?
The Value ridden problem
• If it is your responsibility to improve your life • If no one is going to help you • If you are unable to improve your life then you will stay poor and life will become unbearable Lower educational and career opportunies Others don’t have a responsibility which can perpetuate the problems
America the melting pot?
The melting pot
• absorbs elements of many cultures, then passes them around to everyone
• metaphor says that Americans should surrender their cultural and ethnic identities and become American.
Government corruption
government corruption
• Under the law (companies or individuals) cannot provide meals to politicians as a way to influence the law.
• When the government helps themselves the people suffer i.e. 2008 bailout, terrorism.
analogies
• Using the social problems that are in America today create some comparisons and explain what the connection is between the two.
Its relevance to social problems
• If you’re a minority or are poorer if you don’t follow the law you will be punished. • Everyone wishes to have more power and money to improve their lives so they take action to achieve it.
• To get more money for drugs, they steal threaten, rob and commit more crime.
The war on drugs
Medical marijuana
• Last year many states made drugs legal.
• As a means to control the supply and gather more money for state expenditure.
• Ethical problem will this not make the lives of the poorest people even worse? What are the effects to the society?
• Based upon formulas = Bronze is copper and tin. Brass is copper and zinc. If different metals are added to a melting pot, the final material could be flawed and brittle, not stro the other problems
• Both are committed most by young black males from poorer families. • Police Treat them more severe than whites this hopeless situation leads them to take drugs.
How can this happen?
• This can happen because of deniability
• How do you know someone voted a way because they believed in it? • Or because they received some valuable objects in return? If doubt is present it can happen
Goals
• Understand the main social problems in America today. Why do these issue exist • Create analogies regarding the various social problems in America – show how they are similar to something in your life.
Senators don’t forget to pass a law promoting fracking in Texas