新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读 B Unit 7
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读BUnit
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读BUnitUnit 9Animal EmotionsLaura TangleySheer joy. Romantic love. The pain of mourning.Scientists say pets and wild creatures have feelings, too.1. Swimming off the coast of Argentina, a female right whale singles out just one of the suitors that are hotly pursuing her. After mating, the two cetaceans linger side by side, stroking one another with their flippers and finally rolling together in what looks like an embrace. The whales then depart, flippers touching, and swim slowly side by side, diving and surfacing in perfect unison until they disappear from sight.2.In Tanzania, primatologists studying chimpanzee behavior recorded the death of Flo, a troop’s 50-year-old matriarch. Throughout the following day, Flo’s son, Flint, sits beside his mother’s lifeless body, occasionally taking her hand and whimpering. Over the next few weeks, Flint grows increasingly listless, withdrawing from the troop —despite his siblings’ efforts to bring him back–and refusing food. Three weeks after Flo’s death, the formerly healthy young chimp is dead, too.3.A grief-stricken chimpanzee? Leviathans in love? Most people, raised on Disney versions of sentient and passionate beasts, would say that these tales, both true, simply confirm their suspicions that animals can feel intense, humanlike emotions. For their part, the nation’s 61 million pet owners need no convincing at all that pet dogs and cats can feel angry, morose, elated—even jealous or embarrassed. Recent studies, in fields as distant as ethology and neurobiology, are supporting thispopular belief. Other evidence is merely anecdotal, especially for pets — dogs that become depressed, or even die, after losing a beloved companion, for instance. But the anecdote —or case study in scientific parlance—has now achieved some respectability among researchers who study animal behavior. As University of Colorado biologist Marc Bekoff says, “The plural of anecdote is data.”4.Still, the idea of animals feeling emotions remains controversial among many scientists. Researchers’ skepticism is fueled in part by their professional aversion to anthropomorphism, the very nonscientific tendency to attribute human qualities to non-humans. Many scientists also say that it is impossible to prove animals have emotions using standard scientific methods —repeatable observations that can be manipulated incontrolled experiments —leading them to conclude that such feelings must not exist. Today, however, amid mounting evide nce to the contrary, “the tide is turning radically and rapidly,” says Bekoff, who is at the forefront of this movement.5.Even the most strident skeptics of animal passion agree that many creatures experience fear —which some scientists defin e as a “primary” emotion that contrasts with “secondary” emotions such as love and grief. Unlike these more complex feelings, fear is instinctive, they say, and requires no conscious thought. Essential to escape predators and other dangers, fear —and its predictable flight, fight, or freeze responses — seems to be hard-wired into many species. Young geese that have never before seen a predator, for example, will run for cover if a hawk-shaped silhouette passes overhead. The shape of a nonpredatory bird, on the other hand, elicits no such response.6.But beyond such instinctual emotions and their predictable behavioral responses, the possibility of more complex animal feelings —those that entail mental processing —is difficult to demonstrate. “I can’t even p rove that another human being is feeling happy or sad,” says Bekoff, “but I can deduce how they’re feeling through body language and facial expression.” As a scientist who has conducted field studies of coyotes, foxes, and other canines for the past three decades, Bekoff also believes he can accurately tell what these animals are feeling by observing their behavior. He adds that animal emotions may actually be more knowable than those of humans, because they don’t “filter” their feelings the way we do.7.Yet because feelings are intangible, and so tough to study scientifically, “most researchers don’t even want to talk about animal emotions,” says Jaak Panksepp, a neuroscientist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio and author of Affective Neuroscience. Within his field, Panksepp is a rare exception, who believes that similarities between the brains of humans and other animals suggest that at least some creatures have true feelings. “Imagine where we’d be in physics if we hadn’t infer red what’s inside the atom,” says Panksepp. “Most of what goes on in nature is invisible, yet we don’t deny that it exists.”8.The new case for animal emotions comes in part from the growing acceptability of field observations, particularly when they are taken in aggregate. The latest contribution to this body of knowledge is a new book, The Smile of a Dolphin, which presents personal reports from more than 50 researchers who have spent their careers studying animals —from cats, dogs, bears, and chimps to birds, iguanas, and fish. Edited by Bekoff, who says it will finally “legitimize” research on animal emotions,thevolume has already garnered scientific attention, including a Smithsonian Institution symposium on the subject.9. One of the most obvious animal emotions is pleasure. Anyone who has ever held a purring cat or been greeted by a bounding, barking,tail-wagging dog knows that animals often appear to be happy. Beastly joy seems particularly apparent when the animals are playing with one another or sometimes, in the case of pets, with people.10.Virtually all young mammals, as well as some birds, play, as do adults of many species such as our own. Young dolphins, for instance, routinely chase each other through the water like frolicsome puppies and have been observed riding the wakes of boats like surfers. Primatologist Jane Goodall, who has studied chimpanzees in T anzania for four decades, says that chimps “chase, somersault, and pirouette around one another with the abandon of children.” In Colorado, Bekoff once watc hed an elk race back and forth across a patch of snow — even though there was plenty of bare grass nearby —leaping and twisting its body in midair on each pass. Though recent research suggests that play may help youngsters develop skills needed in adulthood, Bekoff says there’s no question that it’s also fun. “Animals at play are symbols of the unfettered joy of life,” he says11.Grief also seems to be common in the wild, particularly following the death of a mate, parent, offspring, or even close companion. Female sea lions witnessing their pups being eaten by killer whales are known to actually wail. When a goose, which mates for life, loses its partner, the bird’s head and body droop dejectedly. Goodall, who saw the young chimp Flint starve afterhis moth er died, maintains that the animal “died of grief.”12.Elephants may be nature’s best-known mourners. Scientists studying these behemoths have reported countless cases of elephants trying to revive dead or dying family members, as well as standing quietly beside an animal’s remains for many days, periodically reaching out and touching the body with their trunks. Kenyan biologist Joyce Poole, who has studied African elephants since 1976, says these animals’ behavior toward their dead “leaves me with little d oubt that they experience deep emotions and have some understanding about death.”13.But there’s “hard” scientific evidence for animal feelings as well. Scientists who study the biology of emotions, a field still in its infancy, are discovering many similarities between the brains of humans and other animals. In animals studied so far, including humans, emotions seem to arise from ancient parts of the brain that are located below the cortex,。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材 听说学生用书 第二版听力原文 单元7
LESSON SEVEN Health1. M: I thought the librarian said we could check out as many books as we need with our library card. W: That's right, but not those reference books.Q:What does the woman mean?B.reference books are not allowed to be checked out2. M: I'm really exhausted, but I don't want to miss the film that comes on at eleven.W: If I were you, I would skip it. We both have to get up early tomorrow and anyway, I've heard it isn't that exciting.Q: What does the woman mean?D.the man should bive up watching the movie3.M: I ran into our friend Mark yesterday on the street and he said he hadn't heard from you for a month.W: Yes, I know. But I've been too busy to phone him.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?C.the man met a friend by chance4. M: Mary is in charge of the art and music section and Carol's the sports page. What about you?W: I'm responsible for the editorials.Q: Where does the woman work?C.at a newspaper office5. M: I don't know whether to ask Joe or Carol to draw the posters.W: What difference does it make? They are both excellent artists.Q: What does the woman imply about Joe and Carol?A.they are equally competent for the job6. M: I wish I didn't have to make a special trip to the post office to get my package.W: Well, if you call them in the morning, they'll give the package to your mail carrier to bring out to you.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?C.ask to have the package delivered to his home7.M: Hey, George, I can't get to sleep with the light so near my bed. Can't you study someplace else? M: Sorry, there's a party going on down in the lounge.Q: What will George probably do?B.try to find another place to study8. M: Hey, that's a great sweater you're wearing. It looks really warm.W: Yeah, but I wish I bought a coat like you did. It's really cold today.Q: What does the woman imply?C.her sweater is not warm enough9. M: Tom's house is a mess. Doesn't he ever clean it?W: I guess he just has too much else on his mind with that new job of his.Q: What does the woman imply about Tom?D.he's too busy to clean the house10. M: You must be looking forward to your trip back to Colorado. It should be fun to hike up into those mountains again.W: Well, there may not be time for that. The thing is I haven't seen my sister and her kids for 3 years.Q: What does the woman imply?B.visit her relatives.11. W: I forgot to tell you that Fred called last night to borrow your sleeping bag.M: Oh, I saw him at the gym this morning, and he didn't say anything. So, he must have asked somebody else.Q: What does the man imply?D.fred probably borrowed someone else's sleeping bag.12. M: Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the post office?W: Your guess is as good as mine. I'm new around here.Q: What does the woman mean?B.two new-comers.13. W: You heard Professor Johnson before, right? How would you describe his lectures? Fillers: asa matter of fact, basically, theoretically, technically,M: Well, let me put it this way. I would never stay awake in one of his classes without first drinking at least two cups of coffee.Q:What does the man imply?C.professor johnson's lectures were boring14. W: I've got two tickets to today's game. Do you want to come along?M: It'll be on television. Besides, it's really too cold for me.Q: What will the man probably do?D.watch the game at home15. W: I need to go across town, but the traffic is so heavy at this time of the day.M: When you take the subway, you don't have to deal with traffic. I never drive anymore.Q: What does the man imply?C.taking public transportation saves timePassage I: art in hospitalsThe medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness. As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places, some of the country's most talented artists have been called on to transform older hospitals and to “soften the hard edges of modern buildings". Of the 2,500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain, almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors, waiting areas and treatment rooms.All these owe a great deal to one artist, Peter Senior, who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital in northeastern England during the early 1970's. He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society, and a wider audience should enjoy that art.A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 5,000 visitors each week. What a better place to hold regular exhibitions of art! Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patient waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975. Believed to be Britain's first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that a team of six young art school graduates soon joined him.The effect is striking. Now in the corridors and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful courtyards. The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view onto a garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.1.What does the passage talk about? Theme/main ideaA.the importance of the quality of the environment in hospitals2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?B.the artists are helping hospitals to transform the environment because they enjoy the job very much3. What is Peter Senior? C.an artist4. How many visitors would a typical hospital waiting room have each week? B.50005. According to the passage, what would happen to patients if the environment in hospitals is improved?B.they would need less pain killers.1. (T) Peter Senior set up his studio at a hospital in Manchester.2. (T) Peter Senior held his first painting exhibition in 1970's.3. (F) After the exhibition, Peter Senior became the teacher of 6 young art students.4. (T) The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs.5. (F) It is suggested in the passage that patients can recover without the help of medicine if they havea very good environment.Passage I I: medicine in britain and americaIn Britain there is a National Health Service (NHS) which is paid for by taxes and National Insurance, and in general people do not have to pay for medical treatment. Every person is registered with a doctor in his local area, known as general practitioner or GP. This means that his name is on the GP's list, and he may make an appointment with the doctor. People do sometimes have to pay part of the cost of drugs that the doctor prescribes. GPs are trained in general medicine but are not specialists in any particular subject. If a patient needs to see a specialist doctor, he must first go to his GP and then the GP will make an appointment for the patient to see a specialist at a hospital.Although everyone in Britain can have free treatment under the National Health Service, it is also possible to have treatment done privately, for which one has to pay. Some people have private health insurance to help them pay for private treatment. Under the NHS, people who need to go to hospital may have to wait for a long time on a long waiting list for their treatment. If they pay for the treatment, they will get kit quickly.Unlike Britain, the US does not have a national health care service, The government does help pay for some medical care for people who are on low incomes and for the old, but most people buy insurance to help pay for medical care. Some people cannot afford insurance but are not poor enough to get government help. The cost of medical insurance and the problems of those who can not afford it are an important political subject. When people are ill, they usually go first to a general practitioner or internist. Unlike in Britain, however, people sometimes go straight to a specialist, without seeing their general practitioner first. As in Britain, if a patient needs to see a specialist doctor, his general doctor will usually give him the name of one.1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?B.in britain,everyone goes to GPs to receive treatment2.What is the possible disadvantage of the NHS in Britain?D.the patients may have to wait a long time before they can see a specialist.3.Under the NHS in Britain, what should a patient do first if he wants to see a specialist?A.see a GP first4.What do you know about American health care services?C.the cost of medical insurance is high to some people5.In America, what does a person usually do when he is ill?A.go to see a GP or an internistl. ( F ) In Britain people never need to pay for the medical treatment?2. (T) GPs are trained in general medicine.3. (T) In Britain, a patient can get a quick treatment from a specialist if be pays for it.4. (F) The American government shows no concern for medical care.5. (T) Like in to Britain, the American general doctor can also give the name of a specialist to a patient.PART D1)24th2) 1817,3) small country towns,4) a great place,5) live,6)too hot,7) destroying8)three,9) read and write,10) politics,11) greatest,12) 31st,l3) 1850,14)Entertainment15) income,16) well-off,17) sixth,18) beauty,19) dozen,20) even though。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读BUnit
Unit 9Animal EmotionsLaura TangleySheer joy. Romantic love. The pain of mourning.Scientists say pets and wild creatures have feelings, too.1. Swimming off the coast of Argentina, a female right whale singles out just one of the suitors that are hotly pursuing her. After mating, the two cetaceans linger side by side, stroking one another with their flippers and finally rolling together in what looks like an embrace. The whales then depart, flippers touching, and swim slowly side by side, diving and surfacing in perfect unison until they disappear from sight.2.In Tanzania, primatologists studying chimpanzee behavior recorded the death of Flo, a troop’s 50-year-old matriarch. Throughout the following day, Flo’s son, Flint, sits beside his mother’s lifeless body, occasionally taking her hand and whimpering. Over the next few weeks, Flint grows increasingly listless, withdrawing from the troop —despite his siblings’ efforts to bring him back–and refusing food. Three weeks after Flo’s death, the formerly healthy young chimp is dead, too.3.A grief-stricken chimpanzee? Leviathans in love? Most people, raised on Disney versions of sentient and passionate beasts, would say that these tales, both true, simply confirm their suspicions that animals can feel intense, humanlike emotions. For their part, the nation’s 61 million pet owners need no convincing at all that pet dogs and cats can feel angry, morose, elated—even jealous or embarrassed. Recent studies, in fields as distant as ethology and neurobiology, are supporting this popular belief. Other evidence is merely anecdotal, especially for pets — dogs that become depressed, or even die, after losing a beloved companion, for instance. But the anecdote —or case study in scientific parlance—has now achieved some respectability among researchers who study animal behavior. As University of Colorado biologist Marc Bekoff says, “The plural of anecdote is data.”4.Still, the idea of animals feeling emotions remains controversial among many scientists. Researchers’ skepticism is fueled in part by their professional aversion to anthropomorphism, the very nonscientific tendency to attribute human qualities to non-humans. Many scientists also say that it is impossible to prove animals have emotions using standard scientific methods —repeatable observations that can be manipulated incontrolled experiments —leading them to conclude that such feelings must not exist. Today, however, amid mounting evide nce to the contrary, “the tide is turning radically and rapidly,” says Bekoff, who is at the forefront of this movement.5.Even the most strident skeptics of animal passion agree that many creatures experience fear —which some scientists define as a “primary” emotion that contrasts with “secondary” emotions such as love and grief. Unlike these more complex feelings, fear is instinctive, they say, and requires no conscious thought. Essential to escape predators and other dangers, fear — and its predictable flight, fight, or freeze responses — seems to be hard-wired into many species. Young geese that have never before seen a predator, for example, will run for cover if a hawk-shaped silhouette passes overhead. The shape of a nonpredatory bird, on the other hand, elicits no such response.6.But beyond such instinctual emotions and their predictable behavioral responses, the possibility of more complex animal feelings —those that entail mental processing —is difficult to demonstrate. “I can’t even prove that another human being is feeling happy or sad,” says Bekoff, “but I can deduce how they’re feeling through body language and facial expression.” As a scientist who has conducted field studies of coyotes, foxes, and other canines for the past three decades, Bekoff also believes he can accurately tell what these animals are feeling by observing their behavior. He adds that animal emotions may actually be more knowable than those of humans, because they don’t “filter” their feelings the way we do.7.Yet because feelings are intangible, and so tough to study scientifically, “most researchers don’t even want to talk about animal emotions,” says Jaak Panksepp, a neuroscientist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio and author of Affective Neuroscience. Within his field, Panksepp is a rare exception, who believes that similarities between the brains of humans and other animals suggest that at least some creatures have true feelings. “Imagine where we’d be in physics if we hadn’t infer red what’s inside the atom,” says Panksepp. “Most of what goes on in nature is invisible, yet we don’t deny that it exists.”8.The new case for animal emotions comes in part from the growing acceptability of field observations, particularly when they are taken in aggregate. The latest contribution to this body of knowledge is a new book, The Smile of a Dolphin, which presents personal reports from more than 50 researchers who have spent their careers studying animals —from cats, dogs, bears, and chimps to birds, iguanas, and fish. Edited by Bekoff, who says it will finally “legitimize” research on animal emotions, thevolume has already garnered scientific attention, including a Smithsonian Institution symposium on the subject.9. One of the most obvious animal emotions is pleasure. Anyone who has ever held a purring cat or been greeted by a bounding, barking,tail-wagging dog knows that animals often appear to be happy. Beastly joy seems particularly apparent when the animals are playing with one another or sometimes, in the case of pets, with people.10.Virtually all young mammals, as well as some birds, play, as do adults of many species such as our own. Young dolphins, for instance, routinely chase each other through the water like frolicsome puppies and have been observed riding the wakes of boats like surfers. Primatologist Jane Goodall, who has studied chimpanzees in Tanzania for four decades, says that chimps “chase, somersault, and pirouette around one another with the abandon of children.” In Colorado, Bekoff once watched an elk race back and forth across a patch of snow — even though there was plenty of bare grass nearby —leaping and twisting its body in midair on each pass. Though recent research suggests that play may help youngsters develop skills needed in adulthood, Bekoff says there’s no question that it’s also fun. “Animals at play are symbols of the unfettered joy of life,” he says11.Grief also seems to be common in the wild, particularly following the death of a mate, parent, offspring, or even close companion. Female sea lions witnessing their pups being eaten by killer whales are known to actually wail. When a goose, which mates for life, loses its partner, the bird’s head and body droop dejectedly. Goodall, who saw the young chimp Flint starve after his mother died, maintains that the animal “died of grief.”12.Elephants may be nature’s best-known mourners. Scientists studying these behemoths have reported countless cases of elephants trying to revive dead or dying family members, as well as standing quietly beside an animal’s remains for many days, periodically reaching out and touching the body with their trunks. Kenyan biologist Joyce Poole, who has studied African elephants since 1976, says these animals’ behavior toward their dead “leaves me with little doubt that they experience deep emotions and have some understanding about death.”13.But there’s “hard” scientific evidence for animal feelings as well. Scientists who study the biology of emotions, a field still in its infancy, are discovering many similarities between the brains of humans and other animals. In animals studied so far, including humans, emotions seem to arise from ancient parts of the brain that are located below the cortex,。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读BUnit7
Text Learning
2. Why did W. Bush choose to join the Texas National Guard?
Because of his father.
Text Learning
3. Why did Bush keep from his father his application to Harvard Business School?
Text Learning
1. What and who made George Bush have an “uncomfortable” time at Yale?
Self-righteousness and intellectual superiority of eastern coast liberal establishments; William Sloane Coffin.
Language Points
develop/have a chip on one’s shoulder (para.1): feel quarrelsome or in bad temper because one thinks he is unfairly treated.
Martin has a chip on his shoulder now as he was severely criticized by his boss.
They are sentimental men, and they love and trust each other.
Assignment
Review
Preview Exercises
【研究生英语课件】研究生综合英语B2Unit7
Unit 7 There Has Always Been Olympic Mischief
Additional lnformation for the Teacher’s Reference 1. Erich Segal (1937 - ) Erich Segal was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of a rabbi. A talented Latin and Greek classicist, he attended Harvard University for undergraduate and graduate degrees, taught at Harvard and Princeton, and became professor of comparative literature at Yale University in 1967. A prolific writer, he is best known as author of the screenplay for Yellow Submarine, 1968 motion picture hit by The Beatles, a British rock-n’-roll group; and his novel Love Story, a New York Times No. 1 bestseller, later translated into more than twenty languages worldwide. The motion picture version released in 1971 was the number one box
Writing Skills
Additional Work
新世纪研究生公共英语教材B阅读理解课后答案及听力B案
听力:Lesson1 43312 11334 32314 , part B 42221Lesson2 42443 22332 33231 , 13424Lesson3 24312 24423 13312 , 12244Lesson4 44113 22441 13413 , 24214Lesson5 12433 24123 31312 , 32321Lesson6 11142 44241 14123 , 31344Lesson7 31234 33441 31444 , 44314Lesson8 11211 34211 24213 , 没有（Part B 可能不考）阅读理解课后答案:Unit 1 vocabulary study第一部分选择32142 34234第二部分替换etiquette ，looped, unaccountable , told off, conspicuously , risky , let loose , racy ,nurky , ticklishUnit 2 vocabulary study第一部分选词填空neo-realist 新现实主义, neo-Nazis 新纳粹主义，Neo-fascist 新法西斯主义，neocolonialism新殖民主义，neologism新词，neo-Darwinist 新进化论, neoclassical新经典, neonate新生儿第二部分选词填空Fostering，has raved , holy grail , mainstay ,twenty-something , Heterosexual , mandatory , embracing , meditating , fusionUnit3 vocabulary study第一部分替换Outstrip ，limbo ,ceased ,in the wake of , paramount ,ethical , prolonged ,thorny ,congenital, subsequently第二部分选词填空Euthanasia ,salvaged ,deformity ,defects ,handicaps , lingering ,grapple ,allegedly , acquitted ,frontiersUnit4 vocabulary study第一部分连线1B 2E 3G 4J 5A 6H 7C 8I 9F 10D第二部分选词填空Anthropologists , patterns , tangible , persistent , infringe , integrate, secular , spatial , florist’s , architectureUnit5 vocabulary study第一部分连线1d 2e 3i 4g 5j 6h 7f 8a 9b 10c第二部分选词填空Provocative , notional , curb , devastating, appalling , perspective ,counterpart ,fray , defuse , frustratedUnit6 vocabulary study第一部分替换Outgoing ,petite ,emphatically , self-possessed ,quest ,personable ,fantasiled, buy into , defer , caught up第二部分选词填空Involved , committed , figure out , convinced , affluent , tied down , quest , the end of the rainbow ,therapeutic , formulatingUnit7 vocabulary study 没讲Unit8 vocabulary study第一部分连线1j 2h 3g 4a 5b 6i 7d 8c 9f 10e第二部分选词填空Aggressive , stereotyped ,inhibit ,masculine , disapproval , subsistence , speculate , perceive ,socialize , prone 相信能就一定能考试时间6月17号东校区三教（逸夫教学楼）选择是难，更何况是心灵选择。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B文本翻译(全文).doc
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B文本翻译(全文)余旭英语阅读乙文本翻译(第11，1期办公室聚会礼仪有必要吗？员工们每天都愉快地交流，尽管他们有时会推推搡搡，发生一些争吵，散布一些谣言，或者共同写一些投诉信。
然而，只要办公室装修得有点像节日，所有的不快都会立刻变成欢乐的节日气氛。
员工很快就会陶醉其中，开心起来，忘记烦恼。
一年一度的圣诞派对有一个神奇的因素:放下手头的工作，享受免费的酒和美食，尽情享受狂欢节，所有这些都抛开了令人厌恶的工作现实，比如性骚扰。
2.参加聚会的人也明白，这个场合省去了许多麻烦的礼节和娱乐。
因为没有主人，所以没有必要感谢任何人，也没有必要费心去和躲在角落里被忽视的客人搭讪。
没人需要付费(这个“没人”也为客人提供免费私人长途电话)，简而言之，没人需要考虑别人的感受。
3.这一切都是一种热情的接待，就像一直被公司偷偷藏在口袋里的毡涂层笔一样，让每个人都享受它。
基于公司的企业精神和节日气氛，公司只希望为员工提供一个享受的聚会。
然而，由于他们对公司的忠诚和他们在业余时间发现老板的面孔的快乐，员工们享受了这美好的时光。
对于那些还依稀记得生活中给予和接受原则的人来说，这种无忧无虑的商业娱乐就像是上帝的祝福。
在当今社会，免费娱乐很少，主人需要花时间和精力在自己家里招待客人。
客人们同样要对——负责，从回答邀请，接受所有的安排，到礼貌地称赞晚会完美的表现。
5.商务娱乐似乎把所有的时间、精力、金钱、个人义务和各种礼仪负担都放在一边。
聚会的组织者支付了费用，所以参加聚会的客人不必担心会有负罪感。
一年一次的圣诞节应该给低层员工一个理想的氛围，也就是说，公司赞助的聚会可以全年免费参加。
6.不要想得太漂亮。
严肃礼貌的小姐却从未离开(员工，更不用说雇主，这次真的很幸运，因为她只在党委工作，不在文具电话库存委员会工作)。
公司聚会不同于私人聚会，但礼仪一点也没有改变。
7.如果客人在没有礼节的情况下玩得很开心，那么礼仪小姐很乐意去度假。
新世纪研究生综合英语unit7
Unit7Competition Is DestructiveI learn my first game at a birthday party. You remember it: x players scramble for x-minus-one chairs each time the music stops. In every round a child is eliminated until at the end only one is left triumphantly seated white everyone else is standing on the sidelines旁观者立场, excluded from play, unhappy…losers.This is how we learn to have a good time in America.Several years ago I wrote a book called NO CONTEST, which, based on the findings of several hundred studies, argued that competition undermines self-esteem, poisons relationships and holds us back from doing our best. I was mostly interested in the win/lose arrangement that defines our workplaces and classrooms, but I found myself nagged 困扰by the following question: if competition is so destructive and counterproductive反效果的 during the week, why do we take for granted that it suddenly becomes benign and even desirable on the weekend?This is particularly unsettling使人不安的 line of inquiry for athletes or parents. Most of us, after all, assume that competitive sports teach all sorts of useful lessons and indeed, that games by definition must produce a winner and a loser. But I’ve come to believe that recreation at its best does not require people to try to triumph over others. Quite the contrary.Terry Orlick,a sports psychologist at the university of Ottawa, took a look at musical chairs and proposed that we keep the basic format of removing chairs but change the goal; the point become to fit everyone on a diminishing number of seats. At the end, a group of giggling吃吃地笑 children tries to figure out how to squish挤onto a single chair. Everybody plays to the end; everybody has a good time.Orlick and others have devised or collected hundreds of such games for children and adults alike. The underlying theory is simple: all games involve achieving a goal despite the presence of an obstacle, but nowhere it is written that the obstacle hasto be someone else. The idea can be for each person on the field to make a specified contribution to the goal, or for all the players to reach a certain score, or for everyone to work with their partners against a time limit.Note the significance of an “opponent” becoming a “partner.” The entire dynamic of the game shifts, and one’s attitude toward the other players changes with it. Even the friendliest game of tennis can’t help but be affected by the game’s inherent structure, which demands that each person try to hit the ball where means that you try to make the other person fail.I’ve become convinced that not a single one of the advantages attributed to sports actually requires competition. Running, climbing, biking, swimming, aerobics有氧运动---all offer a fine workout without any need to try to outdo someone else. Some people point to the camaraderie同志情 that results from teamwork, but that’s precisely the benefit of cooperative activity, whose very essence is that everyone on the field id working together for a common goal. By contrast, the distinguishingfeature of team competition is that a given player works with and is encouraged to feel warmly toward only half of those present. Whose, a we-vernus-they dynamic is set up, which George orwell once called” war minus the shooting.”The dependence on sports to provide a sense of accomplishment or to test one’s wits is similarly misplaced. One can aim instead at an objective standard( how far did I throw?how many miles did we cover?)or attempt to do better than last week. Such individual and group striving--- like cooperative games--- provides satisfaction and challenge without competition.If a large number of people insist that we can’t do without win/lose activities, the first question to ask is whether they’ve ever tasted the alternative. When Orlick taught a group of children noncompetitive games, two-thirds of the boys and all of the girls preferred them to the kind that require opponents. It our culture’s idea of fun requires beating someone else, it may just be because we don’t know any other way.It may also be because we overlook the psychological costs of competition. Most people lose in most competitive encounters, and it’s obvious why that cause self-doubt. But even winning doesn’t build character: it just let us gloat沾沾自喜temporarily. Studies have shown that feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation as a result of competition; your value id defined by what you’ve done and who you’ve beaten. The whole affair soon becomes a vicious circle: the more you compete, the more you need to compete to feel good about yourself. It’s like drinking salt water when you’re thirsty. This process is bad enough for us; it’s a disaster for our children.While this is doing on, competition is having an equally toxic effect on our relationships. By definition, not everyone can win a contest. That means that each child inevitably comes to regard other as obstacles to his or her own success. Competition leads children to envy winners, to dismiss losers(there is no nastier epithet in our language than “loser!”),and to be suspicious of just about everyone. Competition makes it difficult to regard others as potential friends or collaborators; even if you’re not my rival today, you could be tomorrow.This is not to say that competitors will always detest one another. But trying to outdo someone is not conducive有益的 to trust--- indeed it would be irrational to trust a person who gains from your failure. At best, competition leads one to look at others through narrowed eyes; at worst, it invites outright绝对的 aggression.But no matter how many bad feelings erupt during competition, we have a marvelous talent for blaming the individuals rather than focusing on the structure of the game itself, a structure that makes my success depend on your failure. Cheating may just represent the logical conclusion of this arrangement rather than an aberration心理失常. And sportsmanship is nothing more than an artificial way to try to limit the damage of competition. If we weren’t set against each other on the court or the track, we wouldn’t need to keep urging people to be good sports; they might well be working with each other in the first place.As radical or surprising as it may sound, the problem isn’t just that we compete the wrong way or that we push winning on our children too early. The problem is competition itself. What we need to be teaching our daughters and sons is that it’spossible to have a good time--- a better time--- without turning the playing field into battlefield.1、She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races.Got out taking away get rid of driving away2、 One of the major flaes of the existing system is that the prosecutors has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution.Useful spiteful harmless cheerful。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B_课文原文及翻译
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译Unit1Party PoliticsJudith Martin1. Etiquette at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working day of their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment.2. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren‟t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody‟s feelings need be considered.3. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time, and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity.4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely.5. Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long.6. Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules.7. If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise.8. Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette‟s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time.9. Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and startsdelivering practiced words about the contribution he makes to their great enterprise. The reaction is not quite what was hoped for. Discreet questioning establishes that this is an employee‟s guest. He doesn‟t work for the company, recognize the boss, or appreciate the attention—and, as a matter of fact, has only a passing acquaintance with the employee who issued the invitation. What this guest wants is not professional fellowship but a fresh drink, if the boss would kindly step out of the way.10. Now, the reason the invitation said “and guest” was to avoid the ticklish issue of who is still married to whom and what the spouse calls itself. Last year, unmarried employees were furious when their partners were not included, and married employees complained that the forms by which their spouses were addressed were offensive: “Mrs.” offended women who preferred “Ms.,” and wives who had the same surnames outraged everybody who didn‟t. This year, the complaints will be from spouses who were not told that there was a party or who were told that spouses weren‟t invited—but found out otherwise. There won‟t be many complaints. They will, however, be memorable, darkly charging the company with promoting immorality.11. Meanwhile, what about those who are interested in promoting a bit of immorality, or just plain romance, of their own? They, too, are creating problems that will reach far into the new year. True office romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding professional and personal time. More serious is the fact that, in spite of the liquor and high spirits, it still counts as sexual harassment when anyone with supervisory powers makes unreciprocated overtures to a lower-ranking employee. And foolhardy when a lower-ranking employee annoys a higher-ranking one.12. Some employees have their minds only on business and will be spending party time actively promoting workaday concerns. Remembering the company rhetoric about open communications and all being in this together, they will actually seek out the boss, who by this time is grateful to be addressed by anyone at all.13. But they do n‟t want to engage in platitudes. They accept compliments with: “Well, then how about a raise?” They plead for promotions, explain confidentially who ought to be fired, and advance previously submitted ideas about revolutionizing the business that have been unaccountably unappreciated for years. In one evening, they manage to cut through the entire hierarchy and procedures the boss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being spared this kind of importuning.14. Eventually—usually somewhat late in the party—it occurs to someone that this informal setting is just the time to offer the boss some constructive personal criticism. What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinions without any career consequence?15. Here is where the company has pulled a fast one on its employees. “Go ahead,” it has said, “relax, have a good time, forget about the job.” And the naive have taken this at face value. This event is called a party—a place where one lets loose without worrying about being judged by the cold standard of professional usefulness.16. Even employees who adhere strictly to standard business dress in the office may not know what the bosses might consider vulgar in evening wear. Here is a chance to show off their racy and imaginative off-duty clothes. But over there are supervisors murmuring that people who look like that can‟t really be sent out to represent the company.17. Worse are the comments on anyone whose idea of fun is a little boisterous. It may be just thebehavior that makes one a delight—or a trial—to one‟s friends. But here, it is not being offered for the delight or tolerance of friends. It is being judged on criteria other than whether the person is a riot.18. It is not that Miss Manners wants to spoil the office party by these warnings. She just wants to prevent it from spoiling careers. And the solution is what was banished from the party for being too inhibiting: etiquette.19. The first formality that must come back is inviting everyone by name. The practice of merely counting every invitation as two is as dangerous as it is unflattering. But people who have been clearly identified and told that they must respond—the suggestion must be made neutrally, to show that the party is a treat, not a requirement—already have some sense that they are both individually sought after and expected to be responsible.20. What constitutes a couple is a murkier question than Miss Manners and any sensible employer ought to investigate, but employees simply can be asked to supply the name of a spouse or friend they want to invite. (An office party can be limited by confining it to employees, in which case it should be held during office hours. But inviting spouses and such is better. Having to work is enough distract ion from one‟s more intimate relationships, and the staff was not compiled like a guest list, according to personal compatibility.21. Since we have established, Miss Manners hopes, that the point of an office party is not whooping it up or telling people off, what is it? It is showing appreciation of the staff.22. This starts with a well-run receiving line. However much popular opinion may regard receiving lines as nasty ordeals, they were invented to be, and remain, the easiest way to get everyone recognized by the key people. The oldest receiving-line trick in the world still works: Someone whose business it is to know everyone—or someone unimportant enough to be able to ask each guest his name—announces the guests to the host as they go through the line. The host can then scornfully declare: “Of course I know Annette. We couldn‟t run this place without her.” For extra charm, the employee‟s guest is also told how wonderful that employee is. This always seems more sincere than straight-out flattery, and from then on, whenever the employee complains that everyone at the office is an idiot, the spouse will counter by repeating that appreciation.23. It is often erroneously assumed that the style of the party ought to be what employees are used to: their own kind of music, food, and other things the executive level believes itself to have outgrown. Nonsense. What employees want is a taste of high-level entertaining. This may vary greatly according to the nature of the business. If, however, the party is too formal for the employees‟ taste, they‟ll get a good laugh and enjoy the contrast all the more when they continue partying on their own afterward.24. The clever employee will dress as the executives do, keeping in mind that there are few fields in which people are condemned for looking insufficiently provocative. Refusing or limiting drinks is not the handicap at business parties that it may be under the overly hospitable eye of a private host. And the real opportunity for career advancement is not petitioning a boss but rescuing one who has been cornered or stranded, thus demonstrating that one knows how to talk charmingly about nonbusiness matters.25. At the end, there is another receiving line. That is, the bosses plant themselves conspicuously by the exit, grabbing the hand of anyone trying to get away and thanking him for coming. Even the dimmest guest will then realize it is appropriate to thank back—that is, to realize that something has been offered and deserves gratitude.26. After all, isn‟t that why the office Christmas party is given?27. If the only goal were for the company to show the staff its appreciation, this could be effectively done with a day off and a bonus to go with it.第一单元晚会之道朱迪丝•马丁1. 办公室晚会礼节？有这个必要吗？员工们每天开开心心地彼此交往，虽然时不时会推推撞撞，发生点儿口角，传播点儿谣言，或是联名写点儿投诉信。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B_课文原文及翻译
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译Unit1Party PoliticsJudith Martin1. Etiquette at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working dayof their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn thisinto holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment.2. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyoneor being kind to wallflowers because there really aren?t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody?s feelings need be considered.3. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time,and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity.4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely.5. Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paidfor their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long.6. Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules.7. If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise.8. Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette?s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time.9. Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and startsdelivering practiced words about the contribution he makes to their great enterprise. The reactionis not quite what was hoped for. Discreet questioning establishes that this is an employee?s guest.and, as a matterHe doesn?t work for the company, recognize the boss, or appreciate the attention—of fact, has only a passing acquaintance with the employee who issued the invitation. What thisguest wants is not professional fellowship but a fresh drink, if the boss would kindly step out ofthe way.10. Now, the reason the invitation said “and guest” was to avoid the ticklish issue of who is still married to whom and what the spouse calls itself. Last year, unmarried employees were furiouswhen their partners were not included, and married employees complained that the forms bywhich their spouses were addressed were offensive: “Mrs.” offended women who preferred “and wives who had the same surnames outraged everybody who didn?t. This year, the complaintswill be from spouses who were not told that there was a party or who were told that spousescomplaints. They will, however,weren?t invited—but found out otherwise. There won?t be manybe memorable, darkly charging the company with promoting immorality.11. Meanwhile, what about those who are interested in promoting a bit of immorality, or just plainromance, of their own? They, too, are creating problems that will reach far into the new year. Trueoffice romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding professionaland personal time. More serious is the fact that, in spite of the liquor and high spirits, it still countsas sexual harassment when anyone with supervisory powers makes unreciprocated overtures to alower-ranking employee. And foolhardy when a lower-ranking employee annoys a higher-rankingone.12. Some employees have their minds only on business and will be spending party time activelypromoting workaday concerns. Remembering the company rhetoric about open communicationsand all being in this together, they will actually seek out the boss, who by this time is grateful tobe addressed by anyone at all.13. But they do n?t want to engage in platitudes. They accept compliments with: “Well, then howThey plead for promotions, explain confidentially who ought to be fired, andabout a raise?” advance previously submitted ideas about revolutionizing the business that have beenunaccountably unappreciated for years. In one evening, they manage to cut through the entirehierarchy and procedures the boss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being sparedthis kind of importuning.14. Eventually—usually somewhat late in the party—it occurs to someone that this informalsetting is just the time to offer the boss some constructive personal criticism. What else doestalking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinions without any careerconsequence?15. Here is where the company has pulled a fast one on its employees. “Go ahead,” it has said “relax, have a good time, forget about the job.” And the naive have taken this at face value. This event is called a party—a place where one lets loose without worrying about being judged by thecold standard of professional usefulness.16. Even employees who adhere strictly to standard business dress in the office may not knowwhat the bosses might consider vulgar in evening wear. Here is a chance to show off their racy andimaginative off-duty clothes. But over there are supervisors murmuring that people who look likethat can?t really be sent out to represent the company.17. Worse are the comments on anyone whose idea of fun is a little boisterous. It may be just thebehavior that makes one a delight—or a trial—to one?s friends. But here, it is not being offered forthe delight or tolerance of friends. It is being judged on criteria other than whether the person is ariot.18. It is not that Miss Manners wants to spoil the office party by these warnings. She just wants toprevent it from spoiling careers. And the solution is what was banished from the party for beingtoo inhibiting: etiquette.19. The first formality that must come back is inviting everyone by name. The practice of merelycounting every invitation as two is as dangerous as it is unflattering. But people who have beenclearly identified and told that they must respond—the suggestion must be made neutrally, toshow that the party is a treat, not a requirement—already have some sense that they are both individually sought after and expected to be responsible.20. What constitutes a couple is a murkier question than Miss Manners and any sensible employerought to investigate, but employees simply can be asked to supply the name of a spouse or friendthey want to invite. (An office party can be limited by confining it to employees, in which case itshould be held during office hours. But inviting spouses and such is better. Having to work is enough distract ion from one?s more intimate relationships, and the staff was not compiled like aguest list, according to personal compatibility.21. Since we have established, Miss Manners hopes, that the point of an office party is not whooping it up or telling people off, what is it? It is showing appreciation of the staff.22. This starts with a well-run receiving line. However much popular opinion may regard receiving lines as nasty ordeals, they were invented to be, and remain, the easiest way to get everyone recognized by the key people. The oldest receiving-line trick in the world still works:Someone whose business it is to know everyone—or someone unimportant enough to be able toask each guest his name—announces the guests to the host as they go through the line. The hostcan then scornfully declare: “Of course I know Annette. We couldn?t run this place without her. For extra charm, the employee?s guest is also told how wonderful that employee is. This alwaysseems more sincere than straight-out flattery, and from then on, whenever the employee complainsthat everyone at the office is an idiot, the spouse will counter by repeating that appreciation.23. It is often erroneously assumed that the style of the party ought to be what employees are usedto: their own kind of music, food, and other things the executive level believes itself to have outgrown. Nonsense. What employees want is a taste of high-level entertaining. This may vary greatly according to the nature of the business. If, however, the party is too formal for the employees? taste, they?ll get a good laugh and enjoy the contrast all the more when they continue partying on their own afterward.24. The clever employee will dress as the executives do, keeping in mind that there are few fieldsin which people are condemned for looking insufficiently provocative. Refusing or limiting drinksis not the handicap at business parties that it may be under the overly hospitable eye of a privatehost. And the real opportunity for career advancement is not petitioning a boss but rescuing onewho has been cornered or stranded, thus demonstrating that one knows how to talk charminglyabout nonbusiness matters.25. At the end, there is another receiving line. That is, the bosses plant themselves conspicuouslyby the exit, grabbing the hand of anyone trying to get away and thanking him for coming. Eventhe dimmest guest will then realize it is appropriate to thank back—that is, to realize that something has been offered and deserves gratitude.26. After all, isn?t that why the office Christmas party is given?27. If the only goal were for the company to show the staff its appreciation, this could be effectively done with a day off and a bonus to go with it.第一单元晚会之道朱迪丝?马丁1. 办公室晚会礼节？有这个必要吗？员工们每天开开心心地彼此交往，虽然时不时会推推撞撞，发生点儿口角，传播点儿谣言，或是联名写点儿投诉信。
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Background Information
Primary Elections
Political parties choose their presidential nominees through primary elections and party caucuses (closed political meetings).
Because he wanted to be independent and self-reliant.
Bush posed as a redneck rebel at Harvard… (para.4) At Harvard Bush acted as a bigoted rebel from the Southern rural areas... “Redneck” is a disparaging term for a member of the white rural laboring class, especially in the southern United States, or refers to one who is regarded as having a provincial, conservative, often bigoted sociopolitical attitude.Βιβλιοθήκη Text Learning
2. Why did W. Bush choose to join the Texas National Guard?
Because of his father.
Text Learning
3. Why did Bush keep from his father his application to Harvard Business School?
43rd President of the United States (January 20, 2001 to Present) Nicknames: "W", "Little George" Born: July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut Family: Father: George Herbert Walker Bush Mother: Barbara Pierce Bush Married to First Lady Laura Bush Daughters: Twin daughters, Jenna and Barbara. College: Yale University, bachelor's degree, history Graduate School: Harvard University, Master of Business Administration Occupation: Businessman Political Party: Republican Other Government Positions: Governor of Texas, 1995-2000
Father and Son
Questions about the text
1. What and who made George Bush have an “uncomfortable” time at Yale? 2. Why did W. Bush choose to join the Texas National Guard? And do you think he had made a wise decision? And why? 3. Why did Bush keep from his father his application to Harvard Business School? 4. What did Bush learn in Harvard to help him in his later political career? 5. After graduation from Harvard, what did Bush do for a living? And how well did he do?
Text Learning
4. What did Bush learn in Harvard?
He developed his basic approach to leadership
Text Learning
5. After graduation from Harvard, what was Bush’s job?
They are sentimental men, and they love and trust each other.
Assignment
Review
Preview Exercises
Translation Practice
这事件很可能会进一步在日本引起有关“代孕母亲surrogate mother”生育的争论。日本政府和主要的医学联合会一致反 对代孕母亲的行为。 这些政策措施在保护和调动农民积极性、保障重要农产品供 给、增加农民收入方面发挥了重要作用，为稳定经济社会发 展全局提供了有力支撑。 随着全球网络出现，技术扩散proliferation至每个人，贪婪来 到了find one’s way into那些本来可能永远也不会犯罪的人的 手边。 他要找一位了解他的案情，同情他的处境，并有过亲身经历 的人当他的律师。 我们相信通过双方的的努力，贸易往来定会朝着互利的方向 发展。
Text Learning
1. What and who made George Bush have an “uncomfortable” time at Yale?
Self-righteousness and intellectual superiority of eastern coast liberal establishments; William Sloane Coffin.
Language Points
develop/have a chip on one’s shoulder (para.1): feel quarrelsome or in bad temper because one thinks he is unfairly treated.
Martin has a chip on his shoulder now as he was severely criticized by his boss.
He followed his father’s suit and set up his own business in Texas, but his business did not go well.
Text Learning
6. According to the text, what is one of the great advantages to Bush’s political career?
Questions about the text
6. According to the text, what is one of the great advantages to Bush’s political career? 7. Who urged Bush to quit drinking? 8. Describe the personality of G. W. Bush? 9. According to the text, what can we learn about W. Bush and his father (in their characters or relationship)?
Background Information
Election Campaign
Candidates spread campaign themes through national television and radio campaigns, the candidates also make hundreds of speeches in cities and towns across the country to appeal to specific groups of voters. The campaign for the presidency traditionally begins in early September and ends on Election Day — the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
His family name.
Text Learning
7. Who urged Bush to quit drinking?
Laura
Text Learning
8. According to the text, what can we learn about W. Bush and his father (in their characters or relationship)?
Unit Seven
A Son’s Restless Journey
Teaching Plan
1. Warm-up Activity
2. Background Information
3. Text Learning 4. Assignment
George Walker Bush (George Bush Jr.)
Homework Checking