Chapter 4 Economy
Chapter 4 翻译单位与语篇翻译
12) If I learn to drive a motorcycle, I will certainly buy a new one. 我要是学摩托车的话，（我）就一定去买一辆新的。
Why did you set the wolf to keep the sheep? 10) 他是信口开河，他对经济一窍不通。
He is shooting off his mouth. He does not know the first thing of economy.
The Omission of Pronoun
【译文】美国和中国有着共同的利益，当然也 有分歧，不过我们相信我们能够以相互了解和 尊重的态度来探讨所存在的分歧。
【解析】由于谈的是中美两国的重大国际关系 问题，译文用了“当然”“不过”使语篇意义 完整，措辞显得婉转，语气平和友好。
15
例3：An efficient computer code for calculating the
故事就发生在丹麦的一家雅致的小旅馆里。这种 小旅馆备有酒食招待游客，而且讲英语。
Examples of Translation from English to Chinese: 1) I took the news with a grain of salt.
我对这个消息半信半疑。 2) He went through fire and flood to save his
13) in deep water
水深火热
14) turn up one’s nose at
Chapter 4 Economy 英语国家概况 英国文化选修课 教学课件
coal, steel and transport)
▪ laid the foundation for postwar British
social and economic development
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A ide to English-Speaking
Countries
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
Policies (1945-1979)
❖In 1945 the Labor party
▪ carried out drastic reforms
❖ Sterling—performed relatively well against major currencies in recent years
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
❖ the era of the British Empire was over— decolonization (losses of raw material & market)
商务英语阅读 王艳 Chapter 4
2. Why does Japan need to embrace globalization? 3. How can Japanese firms go global?
Paragraph 1-8
1. Why is Japan such an outlier? 2. Why does Japan need to embrace globalization?
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
企业重组
外包 核心竞争力 放宽管制 私募股权投资
10. Specialization To restrict someone’s economic activities to some certain fields 专门化
Economic globalization
1. The term “economic globalization” is now being used with increasing frequency in newspapers, magazines, seminars and international conferences. 2. The basic feature is free flow of commodity, capital, technology, service, and information in the global context for optimized allocation.
3.Economic globalization is giving new impetus and providing opportunities to world economic development and meanwhile making the various economies more and more interdependent and interactive.
英美概况 英国部分 第四章ppt Chapter 4
New words
pottery: n. ceramic ware made from clay and baked in a kiln 陶器 — The archaeologists found gold coins and pottery in the lowest level of the site. 考古学家在发掘地最下层找到一些金币和 陶器。
stagnation: n. If something such as a business or society stagnates, it stops changing or progressing. 淤塞，停滞，不 景气 —This country had now entered upon a long period of stagnation. 从此，这个国家进入了一个长期不景气的 时期。
New words
hemp: n. a plant fiber大麻 —Hemp can be used for cloth and ropes. 大麻可用来做衣服和绳子。
stockpiles: n. something kept back or saved for future use or a special purpose储存 —Get a hustle on to stockpile these essential material. 赶快把这些重要材料贮osperity: n. the state of being successful, especially financially 兴旺； 繁荣；成功；昌盛 — The new government ushered in a period of prosperity. 新政府的成立带来了 一个繁荣的时期。
Chapter 4 The Theory of Economic Growth(宏观经济学-加州大学-詹姆斯)
– if this year’s labor force is equal to 10 million and the growth rate is 2% per year, next year’s labor force will be
Lt1 (1 0.02) 10 10.2 million
Questions
• What effect does faster population growth have on long-run growth?
• What effect does a higher savings rate have on long-run growth?
4-4
Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
• how much of new investment is used to equip new workers with the standard level of capital or to replace worn-out or obsolete capital
4-8
Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
– a level of equal to one means that changes in output are proportional to changes in capital
4-14
Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
英语国家国家概况大题
Chapter1.1．What are the full name of the U.K?The united kingdom of great Britain and Northern Ireland。
2.why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.what Is Standard English?Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It’s widely used in media and taught at schools. It’s preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct British English. It’s also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used. Chapter21 What are the tow components of the British Parliament?They are the House oh Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.Chapter31. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?The three functions are: to draft laws. to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why are independence candidates unlikely to win in the general election? Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote foe independent candidates.3. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspaper, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short period of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties’ own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spends a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.Chapter 4 Economy简答题：1 What was the negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s?Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. in1982,the unemployment rate reached the level of Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2 What are the characteristics of Britain’s agriculture?Britain’s agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country’s labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.Chapter 5 Education, Media and Holidays简答题：1 What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2 What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?The media plays an essential role in Britain leisure culture since it helps to shape the public’s opinion, determine people’s moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.Chapter 6 Literature简答题：1 What are the three categories of Shakespeare’s plays and their representatives?Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories: comedy, tragedy and historical play. The representatives of his comedies include A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It and Twelfth Night. His major historical plays include: Richard Ⅲ,Henry Ⅳand Antonym and Cleopatra. His great tragedies are represented by Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet.2 What is stream of consciousness?Stream of consciousness is the writing technique which puts the unorganized flow of thought onto page. Writers who adopt this technique give precedence to the depiction of the characters’ mental and emotional reactions to external events rather than the events themselves.问答题:Give a brief account of Romanticism.Romanticism is the literary trend that appeared in England at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. It is revolt against the prescribed rules of Classicism. Writers of Romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with reason and intellect. Discontent with the development of capitalism, they seek a literary refuge. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge began the trend with their joint work Lyrical Ballads, whose preface is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence”. It was the “second generation” Romantic poets such as Lord Byron, Percy Byssi Shelley and JohnKeats who brought the Romantic Movement to its height.Chapter 8 Geography and People简答题：1 How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven. The most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The Great Plains have a comparatively small population. The South also has a population of almost 57.5 million. The West is not densely populated expect for some metropolitan center like Los Angeles and San Francisco. It has about 20%of the nation’s population.2 How is the life of the Native Americans today?About one third of all Native American now live on reservations and the others live in cities. Poverty and Unemployment are the major problems for them, especially on the reservations.问答题：Why is the United States regarded as a “melting pot” and a “salad”?The United States “is not merely a nation but a nation of nations”. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America was described as a “melting pot” where various racial and ethnic groups were combined into one culture. Recently, Americans have been called a “salad”in that people of different races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously but at the same time keep their distinct culture and custom.Chapter 9 History简答题：1 Why did America change its policy and enter World WarⅡ?The American’s policy of neutrality changed in 1940. Because of the formation of the Axis, the American government feared that the Axis countries were winning war and it might threaten American’s security and interests. It began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the Axis Power. The Japanese air raid on Pearl Harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2 What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?Nixon made three well-known contributions: a) brought the Vietnam War to a close; b) reestablishing U.S. relations with China; c) negotiating the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty with the former Soviet Union.问答题：What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World WarⅡ?During the two world wars, America remained neutral in the early stage of the wars. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries; Therefore, they not only retained their military forces but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatlystrengthened its power, and became the most powerful country by the end of World WarⅡ.Chapter 10 Government简答题：1 What are the two characteristics of the U.S. Constitution?One is the “checks and balances’. The other is that the powers of the central government and the powers of state government are specified.问答题How is a President voted into office in America?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for the presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches, and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President as soon as the first stage is over.Chapter11简答题：2 How did the Civil War affect the American economy?After the Civil War, the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable. Northern industries, which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war, surged ahead.3 Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the United States has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.问答题：2 Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America’s economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s, the United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up an Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course. In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible tothe people, has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated growth.Chapter 12简答题：1 How does an American university choose its applicants?American universities choose applicants on the basis of : a) their high school records; b) recommendations from their high school teachers; c) the impression they make during interviews at the university; d) their scores on the SAT.4 What are the origins of Thanksgiving Day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the New World. In 1620, the Mayflower arrived and brought about 150 Pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food, so many of them died. During the following summer the Native Americans helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans.Chapter 13简答题：3 What is the Lost Generation?The Lost Generation refers to the young American writers caught up in the World WarⅠ and cut off from the old values yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization has gone mad. They produced works of disillusionment. Two of the most representative writers of the Lost Generation are Ernest Hemingway and F.Scott Fitzgerald.问答题：1 What are the characteristics of American writing during the Romantic period?During the Romantic Period, most of the American writings placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions, and they displayed an increasing attention to the psychic state of their characters. They celebrated America’s landscape with its virgin forests, meadows, endless prairies, streams, and vast oceans. The Romantic writers had a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man.。
商务英语阅读课后习题答案-chapter
Chapter 1二、短语翻译。
英翻汉Sluggish economy 萧条的经济Full employment 充分就业Trade deficit 贸易赤字in-depth analysis 深入的分析Industrialized countries 工业化free-trade agreement 自由贸易协定international specialization国际专业化product differentiation 产品差别trade surplus 贸易盈余determinative factor 决定性因素三、汉翻英经济双赢economic win-win 关税壁垒tariff barrier收入不平等wage inequality 劳动生产率labor productivity解雇工人lay off works 生产要素factor of production双边协议bilateral deal 回归分析regression analysis市场准入market access 世界经济复world economic recovery四. Translation1. The monitoring system will finally substitute the US Government’s cap on cigar imports from Cuba.2. The quarrel between Mexico and the US will be no avail and it may disrupt the lifting of the agricultural tariffs under the North American Free Trade Agreement.3. An economic cooperation business forum, which will discusshow to minimize the negative impact of global economic imbalance adjustment on China, will take place shortly before the ministerial conference.4. Few Americans attribute this to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or business cycle.5. Recent research has shed light on the fact that there are heavy financial and political costs associated with the measures necessary to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.6. There are rumors that the government struck a private deal with the corporation’s chairman last month.7. The opposition is exerting pressure on the US government to change the policy towards textile imports.8. Since the establishment of the bilateral free-trade agreement, the emerging economy has always been at the forefront of science and technology.9. In general, floating exchange rates are supposed to insulate countries from persistent differences in inflation with their trading partners.10. According to conservative estimates, by 2010, China’s import and export volume with North America and the EU would surpass $400 billion respectively, with ten ASEAN countries exceeding $200 billion.五、完形填空1.manufacturingpetitive3.deficit4.budget5.expanding6.recovery7.revival8.emerging9.innovation 10.propertyChapter2二、consumer-goods 消费品discount retailers折扣零售商brand equity 品牌资产价值advertising budget 广告预算real-time sales data 实时销售数据sales promotion促销profit margin 盈利scanner data扫描数据三、汉翻英价格溢价price premium 基线销售base-line sales减价price reductions 广告支出advertising spending营销组合marketing mix 销量溢价quantity premium产品数量（种类）product-line variety 美元分配allocation of dollars四. 翻译1. The government has allocated $ 0.1billion to the development and utilization of renewable energy in the rural areas.2. We should not develop the Western region at the expense of environment. Therefore the government has been following a sustainable development road attaching equal importance toeconomic development and environment protection.3. As a big responsible nation, China will strictly be abide by the WTO rules and honor its commitments.4. The rapid growth in China’s grain production can be ascribed to the fact that the Chinese government has implemented a series of reform policy and measures in the rural areas, such as raising the prices of grain purchased by the state.5. In the globalization era, not all countries play on the level playground. Some developing countries have to adhere to some marketing principles, or even accede to the requests of some governments.6. Over the past year, the global investment demand was on the wane; the major world currencies suffered swift turbulence and some emerging markets underwent severe financial crisis.7. Networks fundamentally alter the nature of competition and level the playing field, especially for smaller business regardless of the barriers like time and distance.8. Through micro credit projects, with the credit available on demand, farmers are able to pay back both the principle and interest in time.9. China’s vigorous economic development is indicative of the fact that China has become one of the countries that enjoy the highesteconomic growth speed in the world.10. With the reform of the wholly state-owned commercial banks, when some qualified commercial banks seek listing in the stock market, others certainly will follow suit.五、完形填空1.blame2.damaged3.short-term4.building5.profiability6.arm7.boosts8.orientation9.moreover 10.loweringChapter3二. Privileged minority 享有特权的少数人Gas station加油站Marketing research 市场调查Professional competence 专业技能A sales point 卖点Product design 产品设计Potential consumer潜在顾客Business disaster 商业灾难三、汉翻英日常生活daily life 广告活动advertising campaigns物理特征physical characteristic 视觉想象visual imagination国媒体national media 销售增长sales increase销售渠道distribution system产品到导向型的广告product-orientated advertising四. 翻译1. Experts have attributed the main cause of the company’s poor performance to its poor HR functions, especially the appointmentof the senior management.2. British Airways intends to create a more flexible and modern corporate culture through the relocation3. Rumors about redundancy make the company at its worst in terms of morale ever since its foundation.4. After financial scandals, many companies can only resort to charity activities to improve their corporate image.5. Politicians should not engage in business affairs that might affect their political judgment.6. As a sleeping partner of the enterprise, he is entitled to share the profits, but is deprived of participating in its management.7. After watching this interview, she realizes how difficult it is to be a venture capitalist. For one thing, you need to have the money; for another, you need to have the insight to pick the right(promising) start-ups.8. T o enter a specific market, in addition to acquiring sufficient knowledge about our target customers, we also need to know about the local policies and abide by them.9. With the efforts of these university students, it was brought to light that this world-famous multinational had established some sweat factories in China.10. In a time when customers change constantly and rapidly intheir needs, only companies who are quick to respond can survive and succeed in the end.五、完形填空1.sincere2.privileged3.led4.constitutes5.intellectual6.resort7.instead8.reduce9.clients 10.divertChapter4三. Phrase Translation1. 人口流动2. 供应商网络3.标准零配件4. 特殊制造技术3.互补经济体 6.反日情绪7. 外方合作人, 外国附属公司8.上市企业并购mergers and acquisition海外扩overseas expansion全球化战略globalization strategy保护主义措施protectionist measures市场准入access to market知识产权intellectual property right贸易伙伴trading partners资本投入capital investment四. 翻译1. Vendors now offer systems that work only with their hardware, but they are trying to make their equipment integrate with other’s hardware.2. Agricultural exports, by contrast, respond immediately, growing at an annual rate of 17.7 percent in 1980 and 1981.3. This book takes a strategic view of business and develops the ability to take a multidisciplinary approach to managing a business and resolving problems and issues.4. Thanks to the recession and 9/11, Mayor Michael Bloomberg must contend with a whopping budget deficit projected to 60 billion.5. Dispose of batteries properly. Do not throw them into fire or expose to high temperature.6. In the future, in addition to syndicating our groups’ efforts, we will ally with foreign companies to leverage advantages and enhance global competitiveness.7. We are certain that in due course of time, the economic reforms will have brought about results and benefits that will go beyond China’s boundaries.8. One of the major banks has lowered its interest rate and the other bank is expected to follow suit.9. During these quarterly meetings, it’s the boss’s responsibility to respond to each manager’s plan.10. We will put in place a new order of the socialist market economy through completing the market system and rectifying and regulating the market behavior.五、完形填空1. ambivalent,2.integration3. hindered4. from5. by.6. shortage,7. options8. acquisitions9. strategy 10. allianceChapte r 5三、汉翻英上市公司对…随时留意, 小心提防会计师事务所国外子公司经济规划的持观望态度(财务)调帐报告业绩评定指标/方法Generally accepted accounting principles revenue recognitionIncome statement earnings per share Managing director credit-rating agenciesFinance chiefs/executives institutionalinvestors四. 翻译1. Escal ating costs have almost wiped out the company’s profits from last year.2. This area is studded with bars all vying for customer attention. But it’s not easy to pin down what exactly it is that pleases customers the most.3. The project team decided to adhere to its original plan despite the appalling weather.4. At the press conference, the PR manager reiterated that the company’s operation has returned to normal. However, many private shareholders remain skeptical about such claims.5. The new labor law, which took effect last year, is likely to raise the labor cost of a considered number of enterprises6. The less senior employees are reluctant to express their views or make any suggestions because they don’t think their ideas will really be put into practice.7. Local relief organizations have also embarked on fund-raising campaigns so as to provide more financial support for the earthquake victims.8. Up to 30 companies submitted their request for price rises, but most of them didn’t stand a chance of getting approval from theregulatory agency.9. The decision-makers seem to have already given up on the reform program though its initiators are still trying hard to elicit support from other stakeholders.10. The new model, which has just been released onto the market recently, is being touted as the most energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly product of its kind.五、完形填空1. toll2.leveraged3. grips4. shaping5.counterpart6. joint7.potential8. with9.light 10. transparent 11. responses 12. onChapter 8三、汉翻英公司未来愿景消减成本利用资源投资组合untapped niches 尚未被竞争者发现的市场机会convenience stores 便利店market segments 市场细分premium brand 高端品牌实施战略execute strategy竞争优势competitive advantage实证研究empirical studies核心品牌core brand分销系统distribution system控股公司 a holding company文化冲突culture clashes股东财富shareholders wealth四. 翻译1. The management believes that its existing manufacturing and marketing expertise can be leveraged with the new business.2. Jack Welch, General Electric chairman, was universally acclaimed as one of the most successful manager in the 20th century.3. The Japanese company is unanimous in its support of divestiture since the acquired business unit is destroying the corporate value.4. This study reveals several fault lines that companies frequently encounter as they execute their corporate strategy.5. Problems arose at the very outset when Anheuser Busch acquired Eagle Snacks.6. AT&T put up with losses in NCR almost from the start, butcontinued to subsidize it.7. Mattel expected to derive above-average profitability from the acquisition of The Learning Company.8. We must bear in mind that a corporate strategy must be constantly evaluated and divestiture decisions made before it is too late.9. AT&T realized that telecom equipment is not identical to computer technologies.10. We can’t view the fai lure of the acquisition strategy in isolation. It’s the result of a combination of several factors, rather than unidimensional.五、完形填空1.acquisitions .2.executing3.divestiture4.at5. on6.plunged7.that8.synergies9.core 10.premium。
商务英语阅读Chapter 4
Text A Product and packages
Text A Product and packages
Maturity Phase
At maturity, the strong growth in sales diminishes. Competition may appear with similar products. The primary objective at this point is to maintain market share and extend the product life cycle as much as possible
Text A Product and packages
complex n. group of connected or similar things 相联或相似的综合事物
e.g. a big industrial complex, ie a site with factories, etc 大型工业联合体（建有工厂等的场地） a sports/leisure complex, ie a set of buildings or facilities for sports/leisure 运动的[娱乐的]综合场所
Text A Product and packages
Text A Product and packages
Growth Phase
The firm seeks to build brand preference and increase market share
•
• •
sales grow and new competitors enter the market additional demand price competition and additional costs and packages
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
II
Current British Economy
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
I
Recent History of British Economy
Economic decline After World War II, the British economy experienced a period of great difficulty and relative economic decline.
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Policies
“mixed economy” an economy in which there is some public ownership as well as privately owned business During the 20th century the government has become involved in the economy through introduction of social welfare policies and laws to regulate industrial relations.
Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Finance (Cont.)
The Bank of England
the central bank of the UK—a
that of western European countries
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Policies (1979-1997)
1979-1997 Conservative Party Margaret Thatcher Radical economic reform
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Chapter 4
Economy
英 语 国 家 概 况
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
CONTENT
I
Recent History of British Economy
nationalized industry operated on behalf of the government.
controls the currency and acts
as banker both to the government and to the commercial banks
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Policies (1997-1997)
In 1997 the Labor party Tony Blair the “Third Way”: differ from the old the Labor party’s nationalization reform and the conservative party’s extreme individualism
aims to maintain the integrity and value of the
currency, maintain the stability of the financial system and ensure the effectiveness of the financial services sector.
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Energy Production
Coalfields are mostly located in Central Scotland, Central England and South Wales. 3 Big producers: Shell, British Petroleum (BP), British Gas (BG)
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Natural Resources & Infrastructures
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
• sell back those industries to the private sector
beat inflation (primary objective) • Promote competitive spirit in economy
Social welfare reduced Result: Britain’s economic growth still lagged
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
II
Current British Economy
the world's fifth largest economy (after US, Japan, Germany and China)
behind
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Policies (1979-1997)
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
• nationalize key industries (such as
coal, steel and transport)
laid the foundation for postwar British
social and economic development
Result: Britain’s economic growth fell behind
The UK's people are the world's twelfth richest
Sterling—performed relatively well against major currencies in recent years
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
London Eye
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Finance
Importance of institutions of City of London cannot be over-emphasized known as the world’s leading international financial centre Over 550 international banks and 170 global securities houses have offices in London
Agriculture
Mild climate—favorable environment for agriculture and stock raising Important crops—wheat, barely, sugar beet, potatoes. Dairy farming, fishing Manufacturing—still playing important role
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Natural Resources & Infrastructures
Principal resources—oil and gas (in the North Sea, on the coast of Scotland)
East coast of Scotland
Large amount of coal (kept for future use)
Highly developed & efficient main road and rail network and airports
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Policies (1945-1979)
In 1945 the Labor party carried out drastic reforms
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press