AP物理C真题2001
2001年全国旧课程理综卷物理
2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（旧课程卷）理综物理部分16. (2001·旧课程理综·16)市场上有种灯具俗称“冷光灯”，用它照射物品时能使被照物品处产生的热效应大大降低，从而广泛地应用于博物馆、商店等处.这种灯降低热效应的原因之一是在灯泡后面放置的反光镜玻璃表面上镀一层薄膜(例如氟化镁)，这种膜能消除不镀膜时玻璃表面反射回来的热效应最显著的红外线.以λ表示此红外线的波长，则所镀薄膜的厚度最小应为 ( )A. 18λ B. 14λC. 12λD. λ17. (2001·旧课程理综·17)一定质量的理想气体由状态A 经过下图中所示过程变到状态B .在此过程中气体的密度( )A. 一直变小B. 一直变大C. 先变小后变大D. 先变大后变小18. (2001·旧课程理综·18)如图所示，在一粗糙水平面上有两个质量分别为m 1和m 2的木块1和2，中间用一原长为l 、劲度系数为k 的轻弹簧连接起来，木块与地面间的滑动摩擦因数为μ，现用一水平力向右拉木块2,当两木块一起匀速运动时两木块之间的距离是 ( )A. l +μk m 1g B. l +μk(m 1+m 2)gC. l +μk m 2g D. l+μk (m 1m 2m 1+m 2)g19. (2001·旧课程理综·19)在抗洪抢险中，战士驾驶摩托艇救人.假设江岸是平直的，洪水沿江向下游流去，水流速度为v 1，摩托艇在静水中的航速为v 2.战士救人的地点A 离岸边最近处O 的距离为d .如战士想在最短时间内将人送上岸，则摩托艇登陆的地点离O 点的距离为 ( )2√v 2−v 1B. 0C. dv1v 2D. dv2v 120. (2001·旧课程理综·20)图1所示为一列简谐横波在t =20s 时的波形图，图2是这列波中P 点的振动图线，那么该波的传播速度和传播方向是( )A. v =25cm/s ，向左传播B. v =50cm/s ，向左传播C. v =25cm/s ，向右传播D. v =50cm/s ，向右传播21. (2001·旧课程理综·21)图中所示是一个平行板电容器，其电容为C ，带电量为Q ，上极板带正电.现将一个试探电荷q 由两极板间的A 点移动到B 点，如图所示.A 、B 两点间的距离为s ，连线AB 与极板间的夹角为30°.则电场力对试探电荷q 所做的功等于( )A. qCsQd B. qQs CdC. qQs 2CdD. qCs 2Qd22. (2001·旧课程理综·22)如图所示，两块相同的玻璃直角三棱镜ABC ，两者的AC 面是平行放置的，在它们之间是均匀的未知透明介质.一单色细光束O 垂直于AB 面入射，在图示的出射光线中( )A. 1、2、3(彼此平行)中的任一条都有可能B. 4、5、6(彼此平行)中的任一条都有可能C.7、8、9(彼此平行)中的任一条都有可能D.只能是4、6中的某一条23.(2001·旧课程理综·23)下列是一些说法：①一质点受两个力作用且处于平衡状态(静止或匀速)，这两个力在同一段时间内的冲量一定相同②一质点受两个力作用且处于平衡状态(静止或匀速)，这两个力在同一段时间内做的功或者都为零，或者大小相等符号相反③在同样时间内，作用力和反作用力的功大小不一定相等，但正负号一定相反④在同样时间内，作用力和反作用力的功大小不一定相等，正负号也不一定相反以上说法正确的是()A.①②B.①③C.②③D.②④24.(2001·旧课程理综·24)电磁流量计广泛应用于测量可导电流体(如污水)在管中的流量(在单位时间内通过管内横截面的流体的体积).为了简化，假设流量计是如图所示的横截面为长方形的一段管道，其中空部分的长、宽、高分别为图中的a、b、c.流量计的两端与输送流体的管道相连接(图中虚线).图中流量计的上下两面是金属材料，前后两面是绝缘材料.现于流量计所在处加磁感强度为B的匀强磁场，磁场方向垂直于前后两面.当导电流体稳定地流经流量计时，在管外将流量计上、下两表面分别与一串接了电阻R和电流表的两端连接，I表示测得的电流值.已知流体的电阻率为ρ，不计电流表的内阻，则可求得流量为()A.IB (bR+ρca) B.IB(aR+ρbc)C.IB (cR+ρab) D.IB(R+ρbca)29.(2001·旧课程理综·29)(20分)实验室中现有器材如实物图所示，有：电池E，电动势约10V，内阻约1Ω；电流表A1，量程10A，内阻r1约为0.2Ω；电流表A2，量程300mA，内阻r2约为5Ω；电流表A3，量程250mA，内阻r3约为5Ω；电阻箱R1，最大阻值999.9Ω，阻值最小改变量为0.1Ω；滑动变阻器R2，最大阻值100Ω；开关S，导线若干.要求用图示的电路测定图中电流表A的内阻.(1)在所给的三个电流表中，哪几个可用此电路精确测出其内阻？答：.(2)在可测的电流表中任选一个作为测量对象，在实物图上连成测量电路.(3)你要读出的物理量是.用这些物理量表示待测内阻的计算公式是.30.(2001·旧课程理综·30)(24分)下图是测量带电粒子质量的仪器工作原理示意图.设法使某有机化合物的气态分子导入图中所示的容器A中，使它受到电子束轰击，失去一个电子变为正一价的分子离子.分子离子从狭缝s1以很小的速度进入电压为U的加速电场区(初速度不计)，加速后，再通过狭缝s2、s3射入磁感强度为B的匀强磁场，方向垂直于磁场区的界面PQ.最后，分子离子打到感光片上，形成垂直于纸面且平行于狭缝s3的细线.若测得细线到狭缝s3的距离为d.(1)导出分子离子的质量m的表达式.(2)根据分子离子的质量数M可以推测有机化合物的结构简式.若某种含C、H和卤素的化合物的M为48，写出其结构简式.(3)现有某种含C、H和卤素的化合物，测得两个M值，分别为64和66.试说明原因，并写出它们的结构简式.在推测有机化合物的结构时，可能用到的含量较多31.(2001·旧课程理综·31)(28分)太阳现正处于主序星演化阶段.它主要是由电子和11H、24He等原子核组成.维持太阳辐射的是它内部的核聚变反应，核反应方程是2−10e+411H→24He+释放的核能，这些核能最后转化为辐射能.根据目前关于恒星演化的理论，若由于聚变反应而使太阳中的11H核数目从现有数减少10%，太阳将离开主序星阶段而转入红巨星的演化阶段.为了简化，假定目前太阳全部由电子和11H核组成.(1)为了研究太阳演化进程，需知道目前太阳的质量M.已知地球半径R=6.4×106m，地球质量m=6.0×1024kg，日地中心的距离r=1.5×1011m，地球表面处的重力加速度g=10m/s2，1年约为3.2×107s.试估算目前太阳的质量M.(2)已知质子质量m p=1.6726×10−27kg，24He的质量mα=6.6458×10−27kg，电子的质量m e=0.9×10−30kg，光速c=3×108m/s.求每发生一次题中所述的核聚变反应所释放的核能.(3)又知地球上与太阳光垂直的每平方米截面上，每秒通过的太阳辐射能ω=1.35×103W/m2.试估算太阳继续保持在主序星阶段还有多少年的寿命.(估算结果只要求一位有效数字)。
2001年真题及解析
2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as2.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening3.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft4.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper5.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity6.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as7.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed8.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate9.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure10.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash11.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration12.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than13.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns14.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified16.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by17.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue18.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told19.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that20.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as _______.[AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry22. We can infer from the passage that _______.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of businessto universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _______.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_______.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world.[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook [D] educational background32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readersowing to its_______.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in thepace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U S. vs. Microsoft case ?33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds. [B] to invest more abroad.[C] to combine and become bigger. [D] to trade with more countries.34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ______[A] the greater customer demands. [B] a surplus supply for the market.[C] a growing productivity. [D] the increase of the world's wealth.35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can he said to be _______.[A] optimistic [B] objective[C] pessimistic [D] biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I onceenjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- '90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life ——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ____[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____[A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the br ain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays i n Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example, and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
2001年高考物理试题全集(含答案)
2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试物理试题物 理本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷共3页，第Ⅱ卷4至10页，共150分.考试时间120分钟.第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共40分）注意事项:1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔填写在答题卡上.2.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案.不能答在试题卷上. 3.考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.一．本题共10小题;每小题4分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的小题只有一个选项正确，有的小题有多个选项正确.全部选对的得4分，选不全的得2分，有选错或不答的得0分.1. 在下列四个方程中，x 1、x 2、x 3和x 4各代表某种粒子. ① 3Xe Sr n U 1385495381023592++→+x 1 ② +H 21 x 2n H 1032+→③+→Th U 2349023892x 3④+→+Al He Mg 2713422412x 4以下判断中正确的是 (A) x 1是中子 (B) x 2是质子 (C) x 3是α粒子 (D) x 4是氘核 2．一个理想变压器,原线圈和副线圈的匝数分别为n 1和n 2,则正常工作时输入和输出的电压、电流、功率分别为U 1和U 2、I 1和I 2、P 1和P 2.已知n 1>n 2,则 (A) U 1>U 2，P 1<P 2. (B) P 1<P 2，I 1<I 2 (C) I 1 < I 2，U 1>U 2 (D) P 1>P 2，I 1>I 23． 在X 射线管中，由阴极发射的电子被加速后打到阳极，回产生包括X 光在内的各种能量的光子，其中光子能量的最大值等于电子的动能。
已知阴极与阳极之间的电势差U 普朗克常数h 、电子电量e 和光速c ，则可知该X 射线管发出X 光的 (A) 最短波长为eUh c(B) 最长波长为eUc h (C) 最小频率为heU(D) 最大频率为heU4．如图所示。
2001年上海高考
2001年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（上海卷）物理卷考生注意：1．答卷前，考生分必将姓名、高考座位号、校验码等填写清楚。
2．本试卷共8页，23题，满分150分．考试时间120分钟。
请考生用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上。
3．第19、20、21、22、23题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。
只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分。
有数字计算的问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
一．（40分）选择题，本大题共8小题，每小题5分，每小题给出的四个答案中，至少有一个是正确的，把正确答案全选出来，并将正确答案前面的字母填写在题后的方括号内，每小题全选对的得5分；选对但不全，得部分分；有选错或不答的，得0分。
填写在方括号外的字母，不作为选出的答案。
1．跳伞运动员在刚跳离飞机、其降落伞尚未打开的一段时间内，下列说法中正确的是（）（A）空气阻力做正功（B）重力势能增加（C）动能增加（D）空气阻力做负功。
2．卢瑟福原子核式结构理论的主要内容有（）（A）原子的中心有个核，叫做原子核（B）原子的正电荷均匀分布在整个原子中（C）原子的全部正电荷和几乎全部质量都集中在原子核里（D）带负电的电子在核外绕着核旋转第 1 页共12 页第 2 页 共 12 页3．A 、B 两点各放有电量为＋Q 和＋2Q 的点电荷，A 、B 、C 、D 四点在同一直线上，且AC ＝CD ＝DB 。
将一正电荷从C 点沿直线移到D 点，则（ ）（A ）电场力一直做正功（B ）电场力先做正功再做负功（C ）电场力一直做负功（D ）电场力先做负功再做正功4．组成星球的物质是靠引力吸引在一起的，这样的星球有一个最大的自转速率，如果超过了该速率，星球的万有引力将不足以维持其赤道附近的物体做圆周运动。
由此能得到半径为R 、密度为ρ、质量为M 且均匀分布的星球的最小自转周期T 。
下列表达式中正确的是（ ）（A ）T ＝2πR 3GMGM R 3 （B ）T ＝2π3R 3GM GM R 33 （C ）T ＝πG ρ ρπG （D ）T ＝3πG ρ ρπG 35．如图所示，有两根和竖直方向成α角的光滑平行的金属轨道，上端接有可变电阻R ，下端足够长，空间有垂直于轨道平面的匀强磁场，磁感强度为B 。
2001年高考物理试题全集(含答案)
2001年全国高考物理试题集目录2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试物理试题 (2)2001年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（上海卷）物理卷 (12)2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江浙卷）理科综合能力测试（物理部分） (22)2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（津晋卷）理科综合能力测试（物理部分） (28)2001年普通高等学校春季招生考试（北京、内蒙古、安徽卷）物理试题 (34)2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）综合能力测试.45 2001年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（上海卷）综合能力测试试卷（理科使用） (53)2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试物理试题物 理本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷共3页，第Ⅱ卷4至10页，共150分.考试时间120分钟.第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共40分）注意事项:1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔填写在答题卡上.2.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案.不能答在试题卷上. 3.考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.一．本题共10小题;每小题4分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的小题只有一个选项正确，有的小题有多个选项正确.全部选对的得4分，选不全的得2分，有选错或不答的得0分.1. 在下列四个方程中，x 1、x 2、x 3和x 4各代表某种粒子. ① 3Xe S r n U 1385495381023592++→+x 1 ② +H 21 x 2n H 1032+→③+→Th U 2349023892x 3④+→+Al He Mg 2713422412x 4以下判断中正确的是 (A) x 1是中子 (B) x 2是质子 (C) x 3是α粒子 (D) x 4是氘核 2．一个理想变压器,原线圈和副线圈的匝数分别为n 1和n 2,则正常工作时输入和输出的电压、电流、功率分别为U 1和U 2、I 1和I 2、P 1和P 2.已知n 1>n 2,则 (A) U 1>U 2，P 1<P 2. (B) P 1<P 2，I 1<I 2 (C) I 1 < I 2，U 1>U 2 (D) P 1>P 2，I 1>I 23． 在X 射线管中，由阴极发射的电子被加速后打到阳极，回产生包括X 光在内的各种能量的光子，其中光子能量的最大值等于电子的动能。
2001年物理高考试题
2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试试题（江苏、安徽、福建卷）第I卷（选择题共144分）本卷共24题，每题6分，共144分。
在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
1．人体发生花粉等过敏反应时，由于毛细血管壁的通透性增加，血浆蛋白渗出，会造成局部A．血浆量增加B．组织液减少C．组织液增加D．淋巴减少2．运动员在进行不同项目运动时，机体供能方式不同。
对三种运动项目的机体总需氧量、A．有氧呼吸、无氧呼吸、磷酸肌酸分解B．无氧呼吸、有氧呼吸、磷酸肌酸分解C．有氧呼吸、无氧呼吸、无氧呼吸D．有氧呼吸、磷酸肌酸分解、无氧呼吸3．种子萌发的需氧量与种子所贮藏有机物的元素组成和元素比例有关，在相同条件下，消耗同质量的有机物，油料作物种子（如花生）萌发时需氧量比含淀粉多的种子（如水稻）萌发时的需氧量A．少B．多C．相等D．无规律4．下面叙述的变异现象，可遗传的是A．割除公鸡和母鸡的生殖腺并相互移植，因而部分改变的第二性征B．果树修剪后所形成的树冠具有特定的形状C．用生长素处理未经受粉的番茄雌蕊．得到的果实无籽D．开红花的一株豌豆自交．后代部分植株开白花5．如果一个生态系统有四种生物．并构成一条食物链。
在某一时间分别测得这四种生物（甲、乙、丙、丁）所含有机物的总量，如下图所示。
在一段时间内，如果乙的种群数量增加。
则会引起A．甲、丁的种群数量增加，丙的种群数量下降B．甲、丙、丁的种群数量均增加C．甲、丁的种群数量下降，丙的种群数量增加D．甲的种群数量下降，丙、丁的种群数量增加6．当下列物质：①大理石②钟乳石③锅垢④贝壳⑤蛋壳，分别滴加醋酸时，会产生相同气体的A．只有①②B．只有④⑤C．只有①②③D．是①②③④⑤7．下列盛放试剂的方法正确的是A．氯氟酸或浓硝酸存放在带橡皮塞的棕色玻璃瓶中B．汽油或煤油存放在带橡皮塞的棕色玻璃瓶中C．碳酸钠溶液或氢氧化钙溶液存放在配有磨口塞的棕色玻璃瓶中D．氯水或硝酸银溶液存放在配有磨口塞的棕色玻璃瓶中8．下列各组物理量中，都不随取水量的变化而变化的是A．水的沸点；蒸发水所需热量B．水的密度；水中通入足量CO2后溶液的pHC．水的体积；电解水所消耗的电量D．水的物质的量；水的摩尔质量9．在一支25 mL的酸式滴定管中盛入0.1 mol/L HCl溶液，其液面恰好在5 mL的刻度处。
【AP物理C】【真题】解答题 C2000
【AP物理C】【真题】解答题 C2000AP? Physics C2000 Free response QuestionsThe materials included in these files are intended for use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation in the classroom; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program?. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face teaching purposes but may not mass distribute the materials, electronically or otherwise. These materials and any copies made of them may not be resold, and the copyright notices must be retained as they appear here. This permission does not apply to any third-party copyrights contained herein.These materials were produced by Educational Testing Service? (ETS?), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and theirprograms, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,200 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major programs and services in college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT?, thePSAT/NMSQT?, and the Advanced Placement Program? (AP?). The College Board is committed to the principles of equity andexcellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.APIEL is a trademark owned by the College Entrance Examination Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark jointly owned by the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. Educational Testing Service and ETS are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.Copyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.(2000 M1) You are conducting an experiment to measure the acceleration due to gravity gu at an unknown location. In the measurement apparatus, a simple pendulum swings past a photogate located at the pendulum's lowest point, which records the time t10 for the pendulum to undergo 10 full oscillations. The pendulum consists of a sphere of mass m at the end of a string and has alength l. There are four versions of this apparatus, each with a different length. All four are at the unknown location, and the data shown below are sent to you during the experiment.t10 T T2 ? (s) (s) (s2) (cm) 12 7.62 18 21 32 8.89 10.09 12.08 a. For each pendulum, calculate the period T and the square of the period. Use a reasonable number of significant figures. Enter these results in the table above.b. On the axes below, plot the square of the period versus the lengthof the pendulum. Draw a best-fit straight linefor this data. c. Assuming that each pendulum undergoes small amplitude oscillations, from your fit determine the experimental value gexp of the acceleration due to gravity at this unknown location. Justify your answer.d. If the measurement apparatus allows a determination of gexp that is accurate to within 4%, is your experimentalvalue in agreement with the value 9.80 m/s2 ? Justify your answer.e. Someone informs you that the experimental apparatus is in fact near Earth's surface, but that the experiment hasbeen conducted inside an elevator with a constant acceleration a. Assuming that your experimental value g is exact, determine the magnitude and direction of the elevator's acceleration.Copyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.2000M2. A rubber ball of mass m is dropped from a cliff. As the ball falls, it is subject to air drag (a resistive force caused by the air). The drag force on the ball has magnitude bv2, where b is a constant drag coefficient and v is the instantaneous speed of the ball. The dragcoefficient b is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area of the ball and the density of the air and does not depend on the mass of the ball. As the ball falls, its speed approaches a constant value called the terminal speed.a. On the figure below, draw and label all the forces on the ball at some instant before it reaches terminal speed.b. State whether the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball of mass m increases, decreases, or remains the sameas the ball approaches terminal speed. Explain.c. Write, but do NOT solve, a differential equation for the instantaneous speed v of the ball in terms of time t, thegiven quantities, and fundamental constants.d. Determine the terminal speed vt in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.e. Determine the energy dissipated by the drag force during the fall if the ball is released at height h and reachesits terminal speed before hitting the ground, in terms of the given quantities and fundamental constants.2000M3. A pulley of radius R1 and rotational inertia I1 is mounted on an axle with negligible friction. A light cord passing over the pulley has two blocks of mass m attached to either end, as shown above. Assume that the cord does not slip on the pulley. Determine the answers to parts (a) and (b) in terms of m, R1, I1, and fundamental constants. a. Determine the tension T in the cord.b. One block is now removed from the right and hung on the left. When the system is released from rest, the threeblocks on the left accelerate downward with an acceleration g/3 . Determine the following. i. The tension T3 in the section of cord supporting the three blocks on the left ii. The tension Tl in the section of cord supporting the single block on the right iii. The rotational inertia I1 of the pulleyCopyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.c. The blocks are now removed and the cord is tied into a loop, whichis passed around the original pulley and asecond pulley of radius 2R1 and rotational inertia 16I1. The axis of the original pulley is attached to a motor that rotates it at angular speed ?1, which in turn causes the larger pulley to rotate. The loop does not slip on the pulleys. Determine the following in terms of I1, RI, and ?1. i. The angular speed ?2 of the larger pulleyii. The angular momentum L2 of the larger pulley iii. The total kinetic energy of the system2000E1. Lightbulbs A, B, and C are connected in the circuit shown above.a. List the bulbs in order of their brightness, from brightest to least bright. If any bulbs have the same brightness,state which ones. Justify your answer.Now a switch S and a 5.0 mH inductor are added to the circuit; as shown above. The switch is closed at time t = 0.b. Determine the currents IA, IB, and IC for the following times. i. Immediately after the switch is closed ii. A long time after the switch is closedCopyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.c. On the axes below, sketch the magnitude of the potential difference VL across the inductor as a function of time,from immediately after the switch is closed until a long time after the switch is closed.d. Now consider a similar circuit with an uncharged 5.0 ?F capacitor instead of the inductor, as shown above. Theswitch is again closed at time t = 0. On the axes below, sketch the magnitude of the potential difference Vcap across the capacitor as a function of time, from immediately after the switch is closed until a long time after the switch is closed.Copyright ? 2000 by College Entrance Examination Board. 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ap物理c力学试卷
选择题一个物体在水平面上做匀速直线运动，若突然撤去所有外力，物体将如何运动？A. 继续做匀速直线运动（正确答案）B. 逐渐减速至停止C. 开始做匀加速直线运动D. 做曲线运动下列哪个力是弹力？A. 重力B. 摩擦力C. 电磁力D. 弹簧的拉力（正确答案）一个物体在竖直上抛运动中，到达最高点时，它的速度为零，此时它的加速度是？A. 零B. 9.8 m/s²（正确答案）C. -9.8 m/s²D. 无法确定关于牛顿第三定律，下列说法正确的是？A. 作用力和反作用力大小相等，方向相同B. 作用力和反作用力作用在不同物体上（正确答案）C. 作用力和反作用力可以相互抵消D. 作用力先于反作用力产生一个物体在恒力作用下做匀加速直线运动，如果突然将力的大小减半，但方向不变，物体的运动状态将如何变化？A. 继续做匀加速直线运动，但加速度减小（正确答案）B. 开始做匀速直线运动C. 开始做匀减速直线运动D. 做曲线运动下列哪个选项描述了动量守恒定律的适用条件？A. 系统不受外力作用或所受合外力为零（正确答案）B. 系统内各物体速度必须相同C. 系统内各物体加速度必须相同D. 系统内各物体质量必须相等一个物体在光滑的水平面上受到一个水平恒力的作用，它将做何种运动？A. 匀速直线运动B. 匀加速直线运动（正确答案）C. 匀减速直线运动D. 曲线运动关于冲量，下列说法正确的是？A. 冲量是矢量，方向与力的方向相同（正确答案）B. 冲量是标量，只有大小没有方向C. 冲量的大小等于力与时间的乘积，方向与速度方向相同D. 冲量的大小等于力与位移的乘积一个物体在竖直方向上受到重力和空气阻力的作用，下落过程中它的加速度将如何变化？A. 保持不变B. 逐渐增大C. 逐渐减小（正确答案，假设空气阻力随速度增大而增大）D. 先增大后减小。
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AP Physics C: Mechanics2001 Free-Response QuestionsThese materials were produced by Educational Testing Service (ETS), which develops and administers the examinations of the Advanced Placement Program for the College Board. The College Board and Educational Testing Service (ETS) are dedicated to the principle of equal opportunity, and theirprograms, services, and employment policies are guided by that principle.The College Board is a national nonprofit membership association dedicated to preparing, inspiring, and connecting students to college and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 3,900 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves over three million students and their parents, 22,000 high schools, and 3,500 colleges, through major programs and services in college admission, guidance, assessment, financial aid, enrollment, and teaching and learning. Among its best-known programs are the SAT®, the PSAT/NMSQT™, the Advanced Placement Program® (AP®), and Pacesetter®. The College Board is committed to the principles of equity and excellence, and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities, and concerns.Copyright © 2001 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, and the acorn logoare registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.Copyright © 2001 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.PHYSICS CSection II, MECHANICS Time—45 minutes3 QuestionsDirections: Answer all three questions. The suggested time is about 15 minutes for answering each of the questions,which are worth 15 points each. The parts within a question may not have equal weight. Show all your work in thepink booklet in the spaces provided after each part, NOT in this green insert.Mech 1.A motion sensor and a force sensor record the motion of a cart along a track, as shown above. The cart is given a push so that it moves toward the force sensor and then collides with it. The two sensors record the values shownin the following graphs.(a)Determine the cart’s average acceleration between t = 0.33 s and t = 0.37 s.(b)Determine the magnitude of the change in the cart’s momentum during the collision.(c)Determine the mass of the cart.(d)Determine the energy lost in the collision between the force sensor and the cart.Copyright © 2001 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.Mech 2.An explorer plans a mission to place a satellite into a circular orbit around the planet Jupiter, which has mass M J = 1901027. kg and radius R J = 714107. m.(a)If the radius of the planned orbit is R , use Newton ’s laws to show each of the following.i.The orbital speed of the planned satellite is given by u =GM RJ.ii.The period of the orbit is given by T R GM J=423p .(b)The explorer wants the satellite ’s orbit to be synchronized with Jupiter ’s rotation. This requires an equatorialorbit whose period equals Jupiter ’s rotation period of 9 hr 51 min = 3.55 × 104 s. Determine the required orbital radius in meters.(c)Suppose that the injection of the satellite into orbit is less than perfect. For an injection velocity that differsfrom the desired value in each of the following ways, sketch the resulting orbit on the figure. (J is the center of Jupiter, the dashed circle is the desired orbit, and P is the injection point.) Also, describe the resulting orbit qualitatively but specifically.i.When the satellite is at the desired altitude over the equator, its velocity vector has the correctdirection, but the speed is slightly faster than the correct speed for a circular orbit of that radius.ii.When the satellite is at the desired altitude over the equator, its velocity vector has the correctdirection, but the speed is slightly slower than the correct speed for a circular orbit of that radius.Mech 3.A light string that is attached to a large block of mass 4m passes over a pulley with negligible rotational inertia and is wrapped around a vertical pole of radius r, as shown in Experiment A above. The system is released from rest, and as the block descends the string unwinds and the vertical pole with its attached apparatus rotates. The apparatus consists of a horizontal rod of length 2L, with a small block of mass m attached at each end. The rotational inertia of the pole and the rod are negligible.(a)Determine the rotational inertia of the rod-and-block apparatus attached to the top of the pole.(b)Determine the downward acceleration of the large block.(c)When the large block has descended a distance D, how does the instantaneous total kinetic energy of thethree blocks compare with the value 4mgD ? Check the appropriate space below.____ Greater than 4mgD ____ Equal to 4mgD ____ Less than 4mgDJustify your answer.Copyright © 2001 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.The system is now reset. The string is rewound around the pole to bring the large block back to its original location. The small blocks are detached from the rod and then suspended from each end of the rod, using strings of length l. The system is again released from rest so that as the large block descends and the apparatus rotates, the small blocks swing outward, as shown in Experiment B above. This time the downward acceleration of the block decreases with time after the system is released.(d)When the large block has descended a distance D, how does the instantaneous total kinetic energy of thethree blocks compare to that in part (c) ? Check the appropriate space below.____ Greater ____ Equal ____ LessJustify your answer.END OF SECTION II, MECHANICSCopyright © 2001 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.。