物流英语翻译
01《物流专业英语》--Unit-1-What-is-logistics-第三版新编PPT课件

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The Coca Cola soft drink product moves by the typical supply chain. The retail price is higher because value is added to the product as it passes through each node in the supply chain (Figure 2).
值得注意的是,人们,尤其是非专业人士,对物流有一种广泛 的误导性概念,即认为物流就是运输。的确,运输是物流 的核心构成部分,没有运输什么也动不起来。即使如此, 物流仍然比单独的运输所能传达的意义要深远得多。
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How a bottle of Coca Cola coke moves to an end consumer 一瓶可乐是如何到达最终消费者手中的
If a consumer wants to have a bottle of Coca Cola coke, he can choose to:
如果客户想买一瓶可口可乐,他可能选择:
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go straight to the manufacturer, buy it at ex-factory price (e.g. 1.50 Yuan/bottle) but pay extra costs for bus fare (e.g. 5 Yuan or more) , totaling 6.50 Yuan plus time cost (hours of bus travel), or
B选择是个人零散客户最常用的选择,在此种方式下,客户支付 较高的零售价,在享有较低的总成本的同时,还可以换取 购物的轻松并免除到厂家取货的耗时旅程。
物流英语考试复习

物流英语一、单词翻译:Vendor供应商、Exporter出口商、Airline航空公司、Means of transport and route运输方式和路线、Net weight净重、Measurement尺码Goods商品、collect由收件人付款、L/C信用证、manifest载货单、cost-effective 节约成本的、berth 停泊处,锚位、TEU标准箱、lanes线路、logistics物流、Shipper托运人,发货人,货主、Consignee收件人、agent代理商、Vessel船、Container集装箱、Gross weight毛重、quantity数量、Commodity商品,货物、Cargo货物,船货、prepaid预付、Total总数、Consolidation集中托运、B/L海运提单、Contract合同、Letter of credit信用证、Stow堆装,理舱、trim整理、Dunnage衬垫、hatch舱口、demurrage 滞留费、rail铁轨,横栏,栏杆stipulate规定、endorse背书、exempt免税者、claim声称,索赔二、短语翻译1.Signature of authorized signatory授权签约方签名2.Number and kind of description of goods package 商品包装的数量和种类描述3.Country/region of destination 目的地国家或地区4.Final destination 最终目的地5.Original of certificate 原始凭证6.customs invoice 海关发票7.packing list 装箱单8.in words 口头上9.Declared value for carriage 运输声明价值10.agent’s IATA code 代理人国际航空运输代号11.Place and date 地点和日期12.Airport of departure 启运机场13.bill of lading 提货单mercial invoice 商业发票15.weight list 重量单16.Airway bill航运收据17.in figure / in words 小写或大写18.Declared value for customs 海关申报价值19.Said to contain 据称内装20.Marks & numbers 唛头和号码21.on the strength of 基于…22.be liable for有…义务23.in accordance with 与…一致24.insurance premium 保险费25.dead freight 空舱费26.Force majeure 不可抗力27.in apparent good order and condition外表状况良好28.in addition 此外ply with 遵守30.with a view to 考虑到,以…为目的三、电讯翻译1、ORDER AL41061 ACCEPTED SEPTEMBER SHIPMENT OPEN L/C第AL41061号定单已经同意,请于九月份进行货运并开出信用证。
物流英语课本翻译和单词

39迷你型,袖珍型mini
40取最小值minimize
41替代replacement
42一票(货物)shipment
43多变的volatile
44浪费的,不经济的wasteful
45装满。收费charge
46方式mode
47定价过高overprice
95制造manufacture
96少数民族minority
97工厂plant
98集中地pool
99有潜力的potential
1资格qualification
2招募resource
3零售reta
4专业于specialize
5供应商supplier
6受训者trainee
7喜好weakness
79使迷惑,使为难,迷惑不解puzzle
80比,比率ration
81合理的,有理的reasonable
82残余,剩余物remainder
83表现,象征,代表represent
84计划,方案scheme
85对待,处理treatment
86倾向,趋势trend
87充分的adequately
6延长extend
7幸运地fortunately
8货运,运费freight
9货运代理freght forwarder
10基金fund
11租(船等)hire
12按照in terms of
13 内在的inherent
14劳动,努力,工作labor
15责任,义务,倾向,债务liability
54是与销售的sellable
物流英语翻译

汉译英Unit61.仓库的主要功能之一是将零散货物拼装成整担进行运输,从而大量节约运输成本。
The one of primary functions is to consolidate smaller shipments into a large shipment with significant transportation savings.2.交叉理货是一项完成产品组合功能而进行的操作。
在此项操作中,供货商的产品以整车的数量运到仓库。
这些产品不是被储存起来等待以后的分拣,而是越过仓库运到等待装运的货车上以便送到特定的客户手中。
Cross-docking is an operation that facilitates the product-mixing function. In across-docking operation, products from different suppliers arrive in truckload lots, but instead of being placed into storage for later picking, they are moved across the warehouse area to waiting trucks for movement to particular customers.3.传统的仓库只有储存的功能。
随着商业经济的发展,传统的仓库已经无法满足现代商业快速转变的需求。
因此,它们已经变成了配送中心或者立体自动化仓库。
配送中心实现以下功能:收货,入库,分拣和配送。
在仓库的规划设计中,应该遵循便于产品穿过仓库连续向前流动这一原则。
这种直线式的产品流动提高了运作的效率,并将拥堵和冗余降到了最低水平。
The only function of traditional warehouse is to storage cargo. With the development of commercial economy, the traditional warehouse has been unable to satisfy the demands of modern commercial rapid change. In consequence, they have changed into the distribution center or three-dimensional warehouse automation. Distribution center is to facilitate the following functions: receiving, put-away, order picking and shipping. The warehouse layout and design should follow the principle which is to use straight-line or direct flow of goods into and out of the warehouse to improve the efficiency of operation and drop congestion and redundancy to the lowest level.(My answer)The main function of an old-fashioned/a traditional warehouse is to store goods. As a result of the modern commerce development, traditional warehouse failed to satisfy the requirements for the rapid changes of contemporary business. Therefore, it has developed into a distribution center which providers/offers the functions as follows: receiving, storing, replenishing, picking and delivering.Unit71.对于今天的企业来说,它们的一项首要任务是找出新的、创造性的方法来减少关键业务过程中的成本,这也包括那些与物流相关的业务。
物流英语术语翻译与回答问题(主要出每个单元学习重点与难点)

术语翻译与回答问题(主要出自每单元的学习重点与难点)underwriter 保险业者,承诺支付者,保险商Unit 1学习重点里的词汇中英互译:词汇和词组的中英一定都是牢记。
短语搭配如play a role, be based on 不会在词汇中英互译中出现,但会在句子翻译和选择题里体现Logistics物流, warehouse仓库(warehousing仓储), inventory库存(库存成本inventory cost),procurement获得, packaging包装, inbound往内地的,归航的, outbound开往外地或外国的, handling搬运(material handling材料搬运), coordination合作协作, strategic planning战略规划, customer service 客户服务, forecasting 预测,问答题1.What is modern logistics?Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet consumer s’ requirements.2.How many sectors of economic activities are involved in logistics? What are they? 2009.10 2007.10Eight sectors of economic activities are involved in logistics. They are packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory, transport, forecasting, strategic planning and customer service.U2Strategy策略、战略, physical身体的、物质的, availability可得性、可用性、实用性, ultimate 最后的、最终的, outlet出口、出路, patronage赞助、光顾, accessibility可到达、易接近, furnishing设备、陈设品, brand品牌, offer提供、出价, pattern式样、模式. consumer products 消费类产品, convenience product 便利型产品,shopping products 购买型产品,specialty products 特殊产品,学习产品分类。
物流行业术语的英文翻译汇总

物流行业术语的英文翻译Gross Registered Tonnage (GRT) 注册(容积)总吨Net Registered Tonnage (NRT) 注册(容积)净吨Deadweight Tonnage (All Told) (DWT or D.W.A.T) 总载重吨位(量) Gross Dead Weight Tonnage 总载重吨位Dead Weight Cargo Tonnage (DWCT) 净载重吨Light Displacement 轻排水量Load (Loaded)Displacement 满载排水量Actual Displacement 实际排水量Over weight surcharge 超重附加费Bunker Adjustment Factor (Surcharge) (BAS or BS) 燃油附加费Port Surcharge 港口附加费Port Congestion Surcharge 港口拥挤附加费Currency Adjustment Factor (CAF) 货币贬值附加费Deviation surcharge 绕航附加费Direct Additional 直航附加费Additional for Optional Destination 选卸港附加费Additional for Alteration of Destination 变更卸货港附加费Fumigation Charge 熏蒸费Bill of Lading 提单On Board (Shipped) B/L 已装船提单Received for shipment B/L 备运(收妥待运)提单Named B/L 记名提单Bearer B/L 不记名提单Order B/L 指示提单Blank Endorsement 空白备书Clean B/L 清洁提单In apparent good order and condition 外表状况良好Unclean ( Foul, Dirty) B/L 不清洁提单Direct B/L 直航提单Transshipment B/L 转船提单Through B/L 联运提单Multi-modal (Inter-modal, combined) transport B/L 多式联运提单Long Form B/L 全式提单Short Form B/L 简式提单Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单Advanced B/L 预借提单Stale B/L 过期提单On Deck B/L 甲板货提单Charter Party B/L 租约项下提单House B/L 运输代理行提单Seaworthiness 船舶适航Charter Party ( C/P) 租船合同(租约)Voyage charter party 航次租船合同Time Charter Party 定期租船合同Bareboat (demise) Charter Party 光船租船合同Common carrier 公共承运人Private carrier 私人承运人Single trip C/P 单航次租船合同Consecutive single trip C/P 连续单航次租船合同Return trip C/P 往返航次租船合同Contract of Affreightment (COA) 包运合同Voyage Charter Party on Time Basis 航次期租合同Fixture Note 租船确认书Free In (FI) 船方不负责装费Free Out (FO) 船方不负责卸费Free In and Out (FIO) 船方不负责装卸费Free In and Out ,Stowed and Trimmed (FIOST) 船方不负责装卸、理舱和平舱费Declaration of ship´s Deadweight Tonnage of Cargo 宣载通知书Dunnage and separations 垫舱和隔舱物料Lump-sum freight 整船包价运费Weather working days (W.W.D) 良好天气工作日Notice of Readiness (NOR) 船舶准备就绪通知书Idle formality 例行手续Laytime statement 装卸时间计算表Damage for Detention 延期损失Customary Quick Despatch (CQD) 习惯快速装运International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) 国际海上危险品货物规则(国际危规)Booking Note 托运单(定舱委托书)Shipping Order (S/O) 装货单(下货纸)Mate´s Receipt 收货单Loading List 装货清单Cargo Manifest 载货清单(货物舱单)Stowage Plan 货物积载计划Dangerous Cargo List 危险品清单Stowage Factor 积载因素(系数)Inward cargo 进港货Outward cargo 出港货Container yard (CY) 集装箱堆场Container Freight Station ( CFS) 集装箱货运站Container Load Plan 集装箱装箱单Conventional Container Ship 集装箱两用船Semi-container Ship 半集装箱船Full Container Ship 全集装箱船Full Container Load (FCL) 整箱货Less Container Load (LCL) 拼箱货Delivery Order (D/O) 提货单(小提单)Dock receipt 场站收据Twenty equivalent unit (TEU) 二十尺集装箱换算单位Equipment Interchange Receipt ( EIR) 集装箱设备交接单Demurrage 滞期费Crew List 船员名册Log book 航行日志Liner transport 班轮运输Tramp transport 不定期(租船)运输Minimum Freight 最低运费Maximum Freight 最高运费Accomplish a Bill of Lading (to) 付单提货Ad valorem freight 从价运费Address commission (Addcomm) 回扣佣金Adjustment 海损理算Average adjuster 海损理算师Average bond 海损分摊担保书Average guarantee 海损担保书Act of God 天灾All in rate 总运费率Annual survey 年度检验All purposes (A.P) 全部装卸时间All time saved (a.t.s) 节省的全部时间Always afloat 始终保持浮泊Anchorage 锚地Anchorage dues 锚泊费Arbitration award 仲裁裁决Arbitrator 仲裁员Arrest a ship 扣押船舶Area differential 地区差价Addendum (to a charter party) ( 租船合同)附件Apron 码头前沿Bale or bale capacity 货舱包装容积Back (return) load 回程货Back to back charter 转租合同Backfreight 回程运费Ballast (to) 空载行驶Barge 驳船Barratry 船员不轨Barrel handler 桶抓Base cargo (1) 垫底货Base cargo (2) 起运货量Bundle (Bd) 捆(包装单位)Beam 船宽Bearer ( of a B/L) 提单持有人Both ends (Bends) 装卸两港Boatman 缆工Buoy 浮标Bunker escalation clause 燃料涨价条款Derrick 吊杆Fork-lift truck 铲车Boom of a fork-lift truck 铲车臂Both to blame collision clause 互有过失碰撞条款Book space 洽订舱位Bottom 船体Bottom stow cargo 舱底货Bottomry loan 船舶抵押贷款Breakbulk 零担Breakbulk cargo 零担货物Broken stowage 亏舱Brokerage 经纪人佣金Bulk cargo 散装货Bulk carrier 散货船Bulk container 散货集装箱American Bureau of Shipping (A.B.S.) 美国船级社Bureau Veritas (B.V.) 法国船级社Cabotage 沿海运输Canal transit dues 运河通行税Capsize vessel 超宽型船Captain 船长Car carrier 汽车运输船Car container 汽车集装箱Cargo hook 货钩Cargo sharing 货载份额Cargo superintendent 货物配载主管Cargo tank 货箱Cargo tracer 短少货物查询单Cargoworthiness 适货Carryings 运输量Certificate of seaworthiness 适航证书Cesser clause 责任终止条款Chassis 集装箱拖车Claims adjuster 理赔人Classification certificate 船级证书Classification register 船级公告Classification society 船级社Classification survey 船级检验Paramount clause 首要条款Clean (petroleum ) products 精练油Clean the holds (to) 清洁货舱Closing date 截至日Closure of navigation 封航Collapsible flattrack 折叠式板架集装箱Completely knocked down (CKD) 全拆装Compulsory pilotage 强制引航Conference 公会Congestion 拥挤Congestion surcharge 拥挤费Con-ro ship 集装箱/滚装两用船Consecutive voyages 连续航程Consign 托运Consignee 收货人Consignor 发货人Consignment 托运;托运的货物Consolidation (groupage) 拼箱Consortium 联营Constants 常数Container barge 集装箱驳船Container leasing 集装箱租赁Containerization 集装箱化Containerised 已装箱的,已集装箱化的Containership 集装箱船Contamination (of cargo ) 货物污染Contributory value 分摊价值Conveyor belt 传送带Corner casting (fitting) 集装箱(角件)Corner post 集装箱(角柱)Crane 起重机Crawler mounted crane 履带式(轨道式)起重机Custom of the port (COP) 港口惯例Customary assistance 惯常协助Daily running cost 日常营运成本Deadfreight 亏舱费Deadweight (weight) cargo 重量货Deadweight cargo (carrying)capacity 载货量Deaiweight scale 载重图表Deck cargo 甲板货Delivery of cargo (a ship) 交货(交船) Despatch or Despatch money 速遣费Destuff 卸集装箱Det Norske Veritas (D.N.V.) 挪威船级社Deviation 绕航Direct discharge (车船)直卸Direct transshipment 直接转船Dirty(Black) (petroleum) products ( D.P.P.) 原油Disbursements 港口开支Discharging port 卸货港Disponent owner 二船东Dock 船坞Docker 码头工人Door to door 门到门运输Downtime (设备)故障时间Draft (draught) 吃水;水深Draft limitation 吃水限制Dropping outward pilot (D.O.P.) 引航员下船时Dry cargo 干货Dry cargo(freight) container 干货集装箱Dry dock 干船坞Demurrage half despatch (D1/2D) 速遣费为滞期费的一半Efficient deck hand (E.D.H.) 二级水手Elevator 卸货机Enter a ship inwards (outwards) 申请船舶进港(出港) Entrepot 保税货Equipment 设备(常指集装箱)Equipment handover charge 设备使用费Estimated Time of Arrival(ETA)预计到达时间Estimated time of completion (ETC) 预计完成时间Estimated time of departure (ETD) 预计离港时间Estimated time of readiness (ETR) 预计准备就绪时间Estimated time of sailing (ETS) 预计航行时间Europallet 欧式托盘Even if used (E.I.U.) 即使使用Excepted period 除外期间Exception 异议Exceptions clause 免责条款Excess landing 溢卸Expiry of laytime 装卸欺瞒Extend suit time 延长诉讼时间Extend a charter 延长租期Extension of a charter 租期延长Extension to suit time 诉讼时间延长Extreme breadth 最大宽度Fairway 航道Feeder service 支线运输服务Feeder ship 支线船Ferry 渡轮First class ship 一级船Flag of convenience (FOC) 方便旗船Floating crane 浮吊Floating dock 浮坞Force majeure 不可抗力Fork-lift truck 铲车Forty foot equivalent unit (FEU) 四十英尺集装箱换算单位Four-way pallet 四边开槽托盘Freeboard 干舷Freight all kinds (FAK) 包干运费Freight canvasser 揽货员Freight collect (freight payable at destination) 运费到付Freight prepaid 运费预付Freight quotation 运费报价Freight rate (rate of freight) 运费率Freight tariff 运费费率表Freight ton (FT) 运费吨Freight manifest 运费舱单Freighter 货船Fresh water load line 淡水载重线Fridays and holidays excepted (F.H.E.X .) 星期五和节假日除外Full and complete cargo 满舱满载货Full and down 满舱满载Gantry crane 门式起重机(门吊)Gencon 金康航次租船合同General average 共同海损General average act 共同海损行为General average contribution 共同海损分摊General average sacrifice 共同海损牺牲General cargo (generals) 杂货General purpose container 多用途集装箱Geographical rotation 地理顺序Germanischer Lloyd (G.L.) 德国船级社Greenwich Mean Time (G.M.T.) 格林威治时间Grabbing crane 抓斗起重机Grain or grain capacity 散装舱容Gross weight(GW) 毛重Grounding 触底Gunny bag 麻袋Gunny matting 麻垫Hague Rules 海牙规则Hague-Visby Rules 海牙维斯比规则Hamburg Rules 汉堡规则Hand hook 手钩Handymax 杂散货船Handy-sized bulker 小型散货船Harbour 海港Harbour dues 港务费Hatch (hatch cover) 舱盖Hatchway 舱口Head charter (charter party) 主租船合同Head charterer 主租船人Heavy lift 超重货物Heavy lift additional (surcharge) 超重附加费Heavy lift derrick 重型吊杆Heavy weather 恶劣天气Heavy fuel oil (H.F.O) 重油Hire statement 租金单Hold 船舱Home port 船籍港Homogeneous cargo 同种货物Hook 吊钩Hopper 漏斗House Bill of Lading 运输代理行提单Hovercraft 气垫船Husbandry 维修Inland container depot 内陆集装箱Ice-breaker 破冰船Identity of carrier clause 承运人责任条款Idle (船舶、设备)闲置Immediate rebate 直接回扣International Maritime Organization (IMO) 国际海事组织Import entry 进口报关Indemnity 赔偿Inducement 起运量Inducement cargo 起运量货物Inflation adjustment factor ( IAF) 通货膨胀膨胀调整系数Infrastructure (of a port) (港口)基础设施Inherent vice 固有缺陷Institute Warranty Limits (IWL) (伦敦保险人)协会保证航行范围Insufficient packing 包装不足Intaken weight 装运重量International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) 国际船级社协会Inward 进港的Inward cargo 进港货物International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) 国际运输工人联合会Itinerary 航海日程表Jettison 抛货Joint service 联合服务Joint survey 联合检验Jumbo derrick 重型吊杆Jurisdiction (Litigation)clause 管辖权条款Knot 航速(节)Laden 满载的Laden draught 满载吃水Landbridge 陆桥Landing charges 卸桥费Landing,storage and delivery 卸货、仓储和送货费Lash 用绳绑扎Lashings 绑扎物Latitude 纬度Lay-by berth 候载停泊区Laydays (laytime) 装卸货时间Laydays canceling (Laycan或L/C) 销约期Laytime saved 节省的装卸时间Laytime statement 装卸时间记录Lay up 搁置不用Leg (of a voyage) 航段Length overall (overall length ,简称LOA) (船舶)总长Letter of indemnity 担保书(函)Lien 留置权Lift-on lift-off (LO-LO) 吊上吊下Lighter 驳船Limitation of liability 责任限制Line (shipping line) 航运公司Liner ( liner ship) 班轮Liner in free out (LIFO) 运费不包括卸货费Liner terms 班轮条件Lloyd´s Register of Shipping 劳埃德船级社Loadline (load line) 载重线Loading hatch 装货口Log abstract 航海日志摘录Long length additional 超长附加费Long ton 长吨Longitude 经度Lump sum charter 整笔运费租赁Maiden voyage 处女航Main deck 主甲板Main port 主要港口Manifest 舱单Maritime declaration of health 航海健康申明书Maritime lien 海事优先权Marks and numbers 唛头Mate´s receipt 大副收据Mean draught 平均吃水Measurement cargo 体积货物Measurement rated cargo 按体积计费的货物Measurement rules 计量规则Merchant (班轮提单)货方Merchant haulage 货方拖运Merchant marine 商船Metric ton 公吨Misdelivery 错误交货Misdescription 错误陈述Mixed cargo 混杂货Mobile crane 移动式起重机More or less (mol.) 增减More or less in charterer’s option (MOLCHOP) 承租人有增减选择权More or less in owner’s option (MOLOO) 船东有增减选择权Mother ship 母船Multideck ship 多层甲板船Multi-purpose cargo ship 多用途船Multi-purpose terminal 多用途场站Narrow the laycan 缩短销约期Net weight 净重New Jason clause 新杰森条款New York Produce Exchange charter-party (NYPE) 纽约土产交易所制定的定期程租船合同格式Newbuilding 新船Nippon kaiji kyokai (NKK) 日本船级社No cure no pay 无效果无报酬Not otherwise enumerated (N.O.E.) 不另列举Nominate a ship 指定船舶进行航行To be nominated (TBN) 指定船舶Non-conference line (Independent line ,Outsider) 非公会成员的航运公司Non-delivery 未交货Non-negotiable bill of lading 不可流通的提单Non-reversible laytime 不可调配使用的装卸时间Non-vessel owning(operating) common carrier (NVOCC) 无船承运人Not always afloat but safe aground 不保持浮泊但安全搁浅Note protest 作海事声明Notice of redelivery 还船通知书Notify party 通知方Ocean (Liner, Sea) waybill 海运单Off hire 停租Oil tanker 油轮On-carriage 货运中转On-carrier 接运承运人One-way pallet 单边槽货盘Open hatch bulk carrier 敞舱口散货船Open rate 优惠费率Open rated cargo 优惠费率货物Open side container 侧开式集装箱Open top container 开顶集装箱Operate a ship 经营船舶Optional cargo 选港货物Ore/bulk/oil carrier 矿石/散货/油轮Out of gauge 超标(货物)Outport 小港Outturn 卸货Outturn report 卸货报告Outward 进港的Overheight cargo 超重货物Overlanded cargo or overlanding 溢卸货Overload 超载Overstow 堆码Overtime (O/T) 加班时间Overtonnaging 吨位过剩Owner´s agents 船东代理人Package limitation 单位(赔偿)责任限制Packing list 装箱单Pallet 托(货)盘Pallet truck 托盘车Palletized 托盘化的Panamax 巴拿马型船Parcel 一包,一票货Performance claim 性能索赔Perishable goods 易腐货物Permanent dunnage 固定垫舱物Per freight ton (P. F. T.) 每运费吨Phosphoric acid carrier 磷酸船Piece weight 单重Pier 突码头Pier to pier 码头至码头运输Piggy –back 驮背运输Pilferage 偷窃Pilot 引航员Pilotage 引航Pilotage dues 引航费Platform 平台Platform flat 平台式集装箱Pooling (班轮公司间分摊货物或运费)分摊制Port 港口,船的左舷Port of refuge 避难港Portable unloader 便携式卸货机Post fixture 订约后期工作Post-entry 追补报关单Preamble (租船合同)前言Pre-entry 预报单Pre-shipment charges 运输前费用Pre-stow 预定积载Private form 自用式租船合同Pro forma charter-party 租约格式Produce carrier 侧开式集装箱Product (products) carrier 液体货运输船Promotional rate 促销费率Prospects 预期Protecting (protective, supervisory) agent 船东利益保护人Protection and indemnity club (association) (P.& I. Club ,Pandi club) 船东保赔协会Protective clauses 保护性条款Protest 海事声明Pumpman 泵工Purchase (吊杆)滑车组Quarter ramp 船尾跳板Quarter-deck 后甲板Quay 码头Quote 报价Ramp 跳板Ramp/hatch cover (跳板)舱口盖Rate 费率Rate of demurrage 滞期费率Rate of discharge (discharging) 卸货率Rate of freight 运费率Rate of loading 装货Receiving dates 收货期间Recharter 转租Recovery agent 追偿代理Redelivery (redly) 还船Redelivery certificate 还船证书Refrigerated (reefer)container 冷藏集装箱Refrigerated (reefer) ship 冷藏船Register 登记,报到Register (registered) tonnage 登记吨位Registration 登记,报到Registro Italiano Navale (R.I.) 意大利船级社Release a bill of lading 交提单Release cargo 放货Remaining on board (R.O.B.) 船上所有Removable deck 活动甲板Reporting point ( calling-in-point) 报告点Reposition containers 调配集装箱Respondentia loan 船货抵押贷款Return cargo 回程货Return load 回程装载Reversible 可逆的。
试卷A_物流专业英语(3)_参考答案

__________大学 2012~2013学年第____学期 《物流专业英语》考试试卷 参考答案 A 卷□I.术语翻译(本大题共15个小题,每小题1分,共15分) (一)英译汉部分 1)ex-factory price 出厂价 2)retail price 零售价 3)direct purchase 直接采购,直接购买 4)movements of goods/product 商品/产品的流转 5)supply chain 供应链 6)flow and storage of goods 商品的流动及储存 7) availability of goods 商品的现货性(二)汉译英部分 8) 提单,提货单bill of lading 9) 询问答复式交易query-response transaction10) 技术数据交换technical data interchange11) 不可储存性non-storability12) 带空座位出发depart with empty seats姓名学号班级 座位号 考试说明。
1、本试卷为闭卷考试 2、试卷中所有试题的答案均写在答题纸上 3、总分:100分,考试时间:120分钟13)剩余能量(运能)excess capacity14)交货通知单delivery notification15)周转储备rotation reservesII.完成下列句子(本大题共15个小题,每小题1分,共15分)16)Logistics, in a narrow sense, is the _______________________(商品的高效流动与存储). (efficient flow and storage of goods)17)There are two types of primary activities concerning the production of products:____________________(生产与流通) . (production and distribution)18)Production is the act or process of converting raw materials into_______________________(半成品或成品) ready for sale/delivery. (semi-finished goods or finished goods)19)Distribution is _______________________(行动或过程) of moving goods/product(semi-finished or finished) to various locations/customers. (the act or process)20)E-business, or e-commerce, refers to the processing of business transactions_______________________(通过电子方式)and with digitalized data. (via electronic means)21)It is estimated that 25% of business in China is now _______________________(基于电子商务的)and with steady growth. (e-based)22)Any one transaction in e-business contains a number of primary “flows”, namely_______________________(信息流、商流、金流和物料流). (flows of information, business, finance and goods)23)There can be some major steps common for a product to travel from_______________________(订单接收) to delivery to the user. (receipt of order)24)Other factors, such as the sales profit _______________________ (在整个物流链)also have an impact on the processes. (in the whole logistics link)25)There are various modes of transportation and choice of the most feasible mode can bemade as per the specific situation and _______________________(经营者的个体需要). (the o perator’s individual needs)26)Distribution is a _______________________(物流终端递送服务)in which goodsmove from supplier to user within a relatively fixed distance and time span. (logistics end delivery service)27)Distribution focuses on customer satisfaction and aims at _______________________(降低成本). (cost reduction)28)Its operation is often centralized and integrated _______________________ (在特定的覆盖区域内). (within a specific cover area)29)Transport is _______________________(干线运输)between two points/places,usually over a longer distance. ( trunk movement)30)Distribution is a _______________________(末端运输) between two or more placesover a shorter distance, eg. within a town or several towns within the reach of the operator. (tail end transport)III.用动词的适当形式填空(本大题共10个小题,每小题1分,共10分)31)This ‘open access’ to roads __________(have)its disadvantages. The most obviousone is traffic congestion at peat times. (has)32)This results in __________(extend) journey times for both passenger and freight traffic.(extended)33)And it ultimately __________(add) to the costs of both operators and users. (adds)34)However, there may be a great passenger flow during peak times. In this case,__________(carry) ‘human bulk cargo’ over short distances can also be economic.(ccarrying)35)Naturally, it would be highly impractical for road transport to __________(replace)railway transport, especially during peak times. (replace)36)The former, by far, lacks the capacity __________(need). (needed)37)An airport occupies large areas of land and needs extensive facilities for the efficientand secure __________(handle) of both passengers and freight. (handling)38)The airport infrastructure, like the railway system, also __________(involve) high costsfor operation and maintenance. (involves)39)The operator charges take-off and __________(land) fees to airlines and recovers thecosts in this way. (landing)40)Some operators also charge airport taxes to all __________(depart) and/or arrivingpassengers. (departing)IV.概念解释(本大题共10个小题,每小题2分,共20分)41)What is the definition of logistics?Logistics, in a narrow sense, is the flow and storage of goods.According to the Council of Logistics Management of USA , “Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirements.”42)What are the scope of logistics activities?Logistics activities are extensive and consist of various components such as transport, inventory management, customer support, purchasing, warehousing, financing support and so on.43). What is distribution?Distribution is the act or process of moving goods/product (semi-finished or finished) to various locations/customers. Usually manufacturers focus on production, while logistics companies engage in distribution of goods.44)What is a supply chain?A supply chain is a network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities, andsuppliers that participate in the production, sale and delivery of a product to the consumer. The supply chain is typically made up of multiple companies who coordinate activities to set themselves apart from the competition.45)What is the supply chain strategy?A supply chain strategy defines how the supply chain should operate in order tocompete in the market. The strategy evaluates the benefits and costs relating to the operation. While a business strategy focuses on the overall direction a company wishes to pursue, supply chain strategy focuses on the actual operations of the organization and the supply chain that will be used to meet a specific goal.46)What does ‘inventory’ refer to?Inventory refers to stocks of anything necessary to do business. Raw materials, goods in process and finished goods all represent various forms of inventory.47)What are the major elements that stockholding costs include?The costs of holding stock include the following elements:➢Storage costs – heat, light, rates and depreciation for stores buildings➢Staff costs – manpower for running stores➢Maintenance of stock record –administrative and system costs, including stocktaking and checking➢Security and insurance➢Stock deterioration➢Depreciation48)What is packaging?Packaging is the act of sealing a product with containers, materials and auxiliary items with a view of protecting the product, facilitating storage/shipment and promoting sales in the logistics process.49)What are the features and functions of packaging?Packaging fulfills different functions:➢To protect and preserve a product from physical, chemical and mechanical damage➢To facilitate ease of handling➢To communicate information, eg safety instructions➢To act as a marketing aid, through appearance and presentation50)What is reverse logistics?In a narrow sense, reverse logistics is the process in which obsolete products and various materials are remade, regenerated and recycled. This includes such logistics activities as return of products, replacement of materials as well as reuse, disposal, reprocessing, maintenance and remaking of items.V.英译汉(本大题共5个小题,每小题2分,共10分)51)Green Logistics is a supply chain management strategy that reduces the environmentaland energy footprint of freight distribution. 绿色物流是一个供应链管理战略,它降低货运对环境及能源的影响。
物流专用术语中英文翻译

物流专用术语物流基本概念术语1. 物品article2. 物流logistics3. 物流活动logistics activity4. 物流作业logistics operation5. 物流模数logistics modulus6. 物流技术logistics technology7. 物流成本logistics cost8. 物流管理logistics management9. 物流中心logistics center10. 物流网络logistics network11. 物流信息logistics information12. 物流企业logistics enterprise13. 物流单证logistics documents14. 物流联盟logistics alliance15. 供应物流supply logistics16. 生产物流production logistics17. 销售物流distribution logistics18. 回收物流returned logistics19. 废弃物物流waste material logistics20. 绿色物流environmental logistics21. 企业物流internal logistics22. 社会物流external logistics23. 军事物流military logistics24. 国际物流international logistics25. 第三方物流third-part logistics (TPL)26. 定制物流customized logistics27. 虚拟物流virtual logistics28. 增值物流服务value-added logistics service29. 供应链supply chain30. 条码bar code31. 电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI)32. 有形消耗tangible loss33. 无形消耗intangible loss物流作业术语1. 运输transportation2. 联合运输combined transport3. 直达运输through transport4. 中转运输transfer transport5. 甩挂运输drop and pull transport6. 集装运输containerized transport7. 集装箱运输container transport8. 门到门door-to-door9. 整箱货full container load (FCL)10. 拼箱货less than container load (LCL11. 储存storing12. 保管storage13. 物品储存article reserves14. 库存inventory15. 经常库存cycle stock16. 安全库存safety stick17. 库存周期inventory cycle time18. 前置期(或提前期) lead time19. 订货处理周期order cycle time20. 货垛goods stack21. 堆码stacking22. 搬运handing/carrying23. 装卸loading and unloading24. 单元装卸unit loading and unloading25. 包装package/packaging26. 销售包装sales package27. 定牌包装packing of nominated brand28. 中性包装neutral packing29. 运输包装transport package30. 托盘包装palletizing31. 集装化containerization32. 散装化containerization33. 直接换装cross docking34. 配送distribution35. 共同配送joint distribution36. 配送中心distribution center37. 分拣sorting38. 拣选order picking39. 集货goods collection40. 组配assembly41. 流通加工distribution processing42. 冷链cold chain43. 检验inspection物流技术装备及设施术语1. 仓库warehouse2. 库房storehouse3. 自动化仓库automatic warehouse4.4. 立体仓库stereoscopic warehouse5. 虚拟仓库virtual warehouse6. 保税仓库boned warehouse7. 出口监管仓库export supervised warehouse8. 海关监管货物cargo under customer’s supervision9. 冷藏区chill space10. 冷冻区freeze space11. 控湿储存区humidity controlled space12. 温度可控区temperature controlled space13. 收货区receiving space14. 发货区shipping space15. 料棚goods shed16. 货场goods yard17. 货架goods shelf18. 托盘pallet19. 叉车fork lift truck20. 输送机conveyor21. 自动导引车automatic guided vehicle (AGV)22. 箱式车box car23. 集装箱container24. 换算箱twenty-feet equivalent unit (TEU)25. 特种货物集装箱specific cargo container26. 全集装箱船full container ship27. 铁路集装箱场railway container yard28. 公路集装箱中转站inland container depot29. 集装箱货运站container freight station (CFS)30. 集装箱码头container terminal31. 国际铁路联运international through railway transport32. 国际多式联运international multimodal transport33. 大陆桥运输land bridge transport34. 班轮运输liner transport35. 租船运输shipping by chartering36. 船务代理shipping agency37. 国际货运代理international freight forwarding agent38. 理货tally39. 国际货物运输保险international transportation cargo insurance40. 报关customs declaration41. 报关行customs broker42. 进出口商品检验commodity inspection 奖罚物流管理术语1. 物流战略logistics strategy2. 物流战略管理logistics strategy management3. 仓库管理warehouse management4. 仓库布局warehouse layout5. 库存控制inventory control6. 经济订货批量economic order quantity (EOQ)7. 定量订货方式fixed-quantity system (FQS)8. 定期订货方式fixed-quantity system (FIS)9. ABC分类管理ABC classification10. 电子订货系统Electronic order system (EOS)11. 准时制just in time (JIT)12. 准时制物流just-in-time logistics13. 零库存技术zero-inventory logistics14. 物流成本管理logistics cost control15. 物料需要计划material requirements planning (MRP)16. 制造资源计划manufacturing resource planning (MRP II)17. 配送需要计划distribution requirements planning (DRP)18. 配送资源计划distribution resource planning (DRP II)19. 物流资源计划logistics resource planning (LRP)20. 企业资源计划enterprise resource planning (ERP)21. 供应链管理supply chain management (SCM)22. 快速反映Quick response (QR)23. 有效客户反映efficient customer response(ECR)24. 连续库存补充计划continuous replenishment program (CRP)25. 计算机付诸订货系统computer assisted ordering (CAO)26. 供应商管理库存vendor managed inventory (VMI)27. 业务外包outsourcing度量单位汇总克 Gram g、公斤 Kilogram Kg、公担 Quintal q、公吨 Metric ton m、t、长吨 Long ton l、t、短吨 Short ton Sh、t、英担 Hundredweight Cwt、美担 Hundredweight cwt、磅 Pound lb、两(常衡) Ounce oz、两(金衡) Ounce oz、t司马担 Picul米 Metre m、公里 Kilometre Km、厘米 Centimetre cm、毫米 Milimerte mm、码 Yard Yd、英尺 Foot Ft、英寸 Inch In、平方米 Square metre Sq、m、平方英尺 Square foot Sq、ft、平方码 Square yard Sq、yd、立方米 Cubic metre Cu、m、立方英尺 Cubic foot Cu、ft、升 Litre l、毫升 Millilitre Ml、加仑 Gallon Gal、蒲式耳 Bushel Bu、克拉 Carat Car、马力 Horse Power h、p、千瓦 Kilowatt Kw、公吨度 Metric ton unit m、t、u、表 6 :常见英文单位Bag 袋 bale 包 bottle 瓶Box 箱 carton/ctn 纸盒箱 Case(c/s) 箱、合、套coil 圈 Container 集装箱 Crate 板条箱Dozen 打 gross 罗(12打) drum 桶In bulk 散装 lot 批 package 件pallet 托盘 Pieces/pcs 件 Ream 令roll 卷 set 套、台、坐 Sheet 张、件strand 股 unit 辆、台、单位 Vial 药瓶专有名词汇总出口信贷export credit出口津贴export subsidy商品倾销dumping外汇倾销exchange dumping优惠关税special preferences保税仓库bonded warehouse贸易顺差favorable balance of trade贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade进口配额制import quotas自由贸易区free trade zone对外贸易值value of foreign trade国际贸易值value of international trade普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment-MFNT 价格术语trade term (price term)运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税port dues回佣return commission 、装运港port of shipment折扣discount, allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港port of destination零售价retail price进口许口证import licence现货价格spot price出口许口证export licence期货价格forward price现行价格(时价)current price prevailing price国际市场价格world (International)Market price离岸价(船上交货价)FOB-free on board成本加运费价(离岸加运费价) C&F-cost and freight到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)CIF-cost,insurance and freight交货delivery轮船steamship(缩写S、S)装运、装船shipment租船charter (the chartered ship)交货时间time of delivery定程租船voyage charter装运期限time of shipment定期租船time charter托运人(一般指出口商)shipper, consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter舱位shipping space油轮tanker报关clearance of goods陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill正本提单original B\\L选择港(任意港)optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或optional charges for Buyers’ account一月份装船shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船shipment not later than Jan、31st、或shipment on orbefore Jan、31st、一/二月份装船shipment during Jan、/Feb、或Jan、/Feb、shipment 在、、、、、、(时间)分两批装船shipment during、、、、in two lots 在、、、、、、(时间)平均分两批装船shipment during、、、、in two equal lots 分三个月装运in three monthly shipments分三个月,每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments立即装运immediate shipments即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C 允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable订单indent订货;订购book; booking电复cable reply实盘firm offer递盘bid; bidding递实盘bid firm还盘counter offer发盘(发价) offer发实盘offer firm询盘(询价) inquiry;enquiry指示性价格price indication速复reply immediately参考价reference price习惯做法usual practice交易磋商business negotiation不受约束without engagement业务洽谈business discussion限**复subject to reply **限* *复到subject to reply reaching here **有效期限time of validity购货合同purchase contract销售合同sales contract购货确认书purchase confirmation销售确认书sales confirmation一般交易条件general terms and conditions以未售出为准subject to prior sale需经卖方确认subject to seller’s confirmation需经我方最后确认subject to our final confirmationINT (拍卖auction)寄售consignment招标invitation of tender投标submission of tender一般代理人agent总代理人general agent代理协议agency agreement累计佣金accumulative commission补偿贸易compensation trade (或抵偿贸易)compensating/compensatorytrade(又叫:往返贸易) counter trade来料加工processing on giving materials来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/专营权exclusive right独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement独家代理sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency;exclusive agent轮船steamship(缩写S、S)装运、装船shipment租船charter(the chartered shep)交货时间time of delivery定程租船voyage charter;装运期限time of shipment定期租船time charter托运人(一般指出口商)shipper,consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter舱位shipping space油轮tanker报关clearance of goods陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill正本提单original B\L选择港(任意港)optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担optional charges to be borne by the Buyers或optional charges for Buyers' account一月份装船shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船shipment not later than Jan、31st、或shipment on or before Jan、31st、一/二月份装船shipment during Jan、/Feb、或Jan、/Feb、shipment在……(时间)分两批装船shipment during、、、、in two lots在…(时间)平均分两批装船shipment during、、、、in two equal lots分三个月装运in three monthly shipments分三个月,每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments立即装运immediate shipments即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税portdues回佣return commission装运港portof shipment折扣discount,allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港portof destination零售价retail price进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price现行价格(时价)current price国际市场价格world (International)Marketprice离岸价(船上交货价)FOB-free on board成本加运费价(离岸加运费价) C&F-cost and freight到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)CIF-cost,insurance and freight。
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4. 调查结果4.1 RQ1供应商和服务商表示意见分歧在LSP的能力进行管理运作的第四方物流和愿意卷入其中。
一个很有信心在加快其第四方物流管理能力,这样的热情可能源于其持续、有效运作。
第四方物流代表一个大型百货零售供应商通过管理存储和国家分布的一种重要的产品范围遍及英国的要求和外包能力。
同样,LSP C 概述了正面的共享信息和最佳实践的好处,获得了工作与其他在第四方物流服务商,但表示,其他公司也会被小心翼翼的保护自己的地盘,担心潜在的商业损失可能源于应对竞争对手。
这一点是一种普遍的恐惧也在为谁的供应商合作的一个障碍,因为竞争行为总是让人担心的。
LSP B显示缺乏自信的能力来管理第四方物流服务商操作在食品杂货物流但还指出,提供一个完全集成的为客户提供的服务是它的目标。
供应商倾向于把这种状况,从操作的角度看,有一个普遍观点,主要的是第四方物流服务商可以管理。
供应商Y指出, 如果零售商采用第四方物流管理系统,管理主要收藏超市合并者依靠外包有助于对付季节性高峰,这意味着第四方物流活动已经发生,并补充说,目前的系统可以满足多站点集合是必需的,。
供应商Y的说法是彻底的责难零售商X;然而它确实承认一些潜在的安排,一个工作在非食品类线之间竞争的零售商是在这一领域激烈竞争:可能有一个契机,使我们分享一个容器,然后获得一个诚实的代理第四方物流协调处理一大堆的第三方物流和定量的(非食品),并将它们发送到一个国家,每一个零售商需要部分的购买(零售商X)。
这样的安排也呼应了供应商W,它发现了一个重复制造来自亚洲的产品英国制造商、供应商和最终零售商。
合作将会导致更高效的负载填充。
不过,在这种情况下,供应商的Y和Z都提出了提供了关于一个LSP负面情绪的能力,例如供应商Z强调其转移已经从本地承运人现任主要承运人受雇于零售商进一步,LSP的担忧如果路线不小心管理和一个零售商都来,错过一个交付牺牲另一个的利益关系,:这些观点得到了零售商X的肯定,一些第四方物流持怀疑态度关于LSP管理能力和严厉评估一些声称只有20%提供满意的服务的LSPs。
零售商X还询问了LSPs与零售商和供应商有效沟通的能力。
随着企业规模的扩大通讯变得更加重要,因此链接的数量链条都在增加。
如果当前水平的沟通是不令人满意的不可能是一个第四方物流有效的工作。
不会有机会充分或集合分裂交付时间方便安排,能够满足各方。
尽管意见有分歧,但对于服务商管理一个更大的担忧是第四方物流服务商的意愿来参与.LSP B比LSP A规模大,但它没有参与直接杂货零售后勤补给单元管理以外,从而将被迫转包给对手公司,这是一个重要的问题:如果一个第四方物流的运作或DHL萨摩为例, 分包商将警惕参与,因为他们将在一种情况下,他们将被迫向他们的价格的主要公司。
他们还将问题如果他们得到公平的机会在任何合同的妹妹公司之前合同的主要持有人(LSP B)。
因此, 主要LSPs似乎不愿参与的关系,与清晰的潜在破坏他们的谈判力量,而不是仅仅关系到第四方物流也为外部企业。
从商业角度来看它会比直接处理零售商,无论多么无情或者一心一意的,而不是提供战术信息服务商竞争。
如果主要LSPs不愿建立合作伙伴关系与第四方物流功能似乎是不可能的。
LSP A相信对IT发展对第四方物流是一个巨大驱动。
然而,使用定制的IT系统也需要重大投资作为定制系统并不能两家公司经营。
LSP B指LSPs不愿作重大金融投资IT系统中,但LSP C不相信第四方物流需要多少额外的它的大多数基础设施将同样的作为,已经在使用一个第三方物流。
供应商W相信问题的关键在于哪一方会第一步投资,因此公司经常等待着其他渠道成员。
LSP B的提高了投资的问题在补货单位和自动化补给处理系统。
问题还包围了零售商的竞争是否心甘情愿同意处理这样的预订系统因为很难IGD(2006)认同补货单位单独标准化。
沉默的零售商可能强调了零售商X的承认,并不是用户友好的预订系统。
之前的文学常常已经确认了相关的负面情绪动态(格兰特,2005年零供;库马尔,2005年,罗布森和罗恩斯利,2001)。
这些观念也反映在评论的两家供应商和LSPs谁说明一个供应商-零售商第四方物流可能产生负面影响人际关系。
最重要的观点是, PDM 的供应商结构由零售商合作,第四方物流将是如此势不可挡,他们的角色将会减少在商品状态。
供应商W是热衷于保护自己的品牌和觉得品牌体现其独特性,使它不太可能在物流合作时的直接访问客户通过其产品独特的身份。
关于供应链功率(格兰特,2005;Hingley,2005;库马尔,2005)和影响的权力失衡零售商和供应商之间,供应商Y认为小型零售商的方法远比这更愉快,因为他们方向明确和比较合作,而主要的零售商是独裁的方式进入PDM。
供应商Z是担心任何提出的第四方物流将缺乏灵活性,对当地的情况和害怕的体积不断增加。
普遍的共识是,一个供应商的主要检修现存的结构将产生负面影响他们当前的动态与零售商。
供应商Y相信改变PDM模型会导致取代现有的运输合作伙伴与承包商青睐的第四方物流管理公司, 改变供应商路线和失去优惠时机。
这些变化会影响服务水平,反过来将损害与零售商的关系。
在回应的建议,他们目前的供应链结构可以简化通过第四方物流,应商表示对此持保留意见,暗示第四方物流实际上可能增加复杂性够复杂的情况。
供应商Z声称中的重大变化可能会危及到PDM的本地关系,最终服务水平。
他们不仅谨慎清除如何发起的成本主要的零售商将不仅影响供应商和零售商的关系,而且LSP和零售商的关系。
它强调它的视图动荡的国家在这个市场中,零售商授予物流操作来最低的投标人。
一个经典的和广泛记录的企业间的观点关系指的是制造商-零售商关系,然而LSP B指出,在零售商-供应商–LSP三者中,LSPs 担心供应商和这影响了合理化和力量的平衡:我认为供应商和服务商不会有一个简单的生活。
电力将留在采购人[…] 在某些行业将来会有一个认识的供应商之间融合的供应商体系是唯一的方法,通过这个他们[买主/零售商)将获得更多的权力(LSP B)。
LSP A 同意原来支持的主要制造商之间力量的平衡, 已转向零售商但也宣称制造商融合,从而再次提高横向协作制造商之间的权力平衡移动。
LSP C发现自己可以与零售商的工作,但他认为零售商不得不打开他们的通信来启用第四方物流工作。
这个关系方法采用LSPs A和C来处理零售商形成了强烈的对比与LSP B哪些认为这种交流由交易成本。
因此,LSPs A和C出现理想人选管理一个第四方物流而LSP B已无法。
积极取向的LSP A和C向零售商-LSP关系证实了此事。
它认为某些供应商之间的关系,服务商和本身最高水平的秩序。
言下之意是大供应商,没有什么可担心的,因为他们从第四方物流已提供的交易量和操作标准零售商觉得愉悦。
规模较小的公司应该更关注他们是否准备进行协作与类似的供应商提供交易量和服务目前大型供应商。
4.2 RQ2无论零售商们是否愿意参与横向协作是第四方物流的关键驱动因素。
斯蒂芬斯和赖特(2002年)和史蒂芬斯(2006)得出结论认为PDM 之间合作的主要的零售商可能只有当外部力量影响零售销售环境,以至于它们不再能对抗他们的主动权。
在这一点上,零售商X指出,环保问题是开车消费者的选择和使用环保管理技术作为营销工具;这一点得到得到供应商和服务商的肯定。
零售商X是关注协作策略应对成本压力和所有三个供应商也表达了类似的观点与应对当前的经济环境。
零售商X还发现了横向协作的例子,尽管到不了LSP A 的范围:我知道有有些大街上很难被使用和我认为玛莎百货和阿斯达——当然[AS]两零售商不是使用一个第三方物流竞争活动提供股票两个商店,一个在左手边的卡车,一个在右边(LSP)。
这种水平的零售商之间的协作已经闻所未闻的过去,这也许是最接近零售商想要得到的(格兰特等人,2008)。
从操作的角度看可能会有什么好处。
LSP B解释说它一定会失望的不是实现至少90%产能利用率在其主要货运但它被75%效率的主要集合路线是很高的。
LSP C的重要性更好利用率的好处这样第四方物流,因此,更好的空间管理和仓库效率提高。
零售商X的严肃的保留意见第四方物流可能解释为缺乏意愿和操作考虑问题的核心。
增资是基于实时数据和他们解释, 第二个零售商涉及需要从其竞争对手的数据访问,确保维护库存达到最佳水平。
这样的访问将提供两个零售商完整可见性在销量上发展趋势,但是要克服这个不受欢迎的可见性问题将需要第二次、并行系统,将立即两倍的开销和显著增加了系统的复杂性。
这些增长没有制造出一个令人信服的说法代表第四方物流零售X。
这样的操作问题总是可以解决的,但远更大的障碍仍然存在。
森格姆 (2007年)表明,使用第三方物流增加零售商专注于其核心竞争力,例如。
存储操作,任何提出的第四方物流将会加重这种关注。
因此,零售商可能会离开供应链活动以合同服务公司,然而,在这个研究LSPs声称控制供应链意味着更多零售商不仅仅是资产利用率和降低环境影响。
零售商X重申了价值的概念,供应链涉及超过成本和被明确立场的观点在零售行业和影响的立场,用任何可能的零售商合作: 我认为零售商都是独立的[…]我们拥有一个巨大的规模经济,我们是否立了分销网络,非常优秀,其中包括定制系统和支持机制的供应链竞技场。
在此基础上你将不得不说我们是最好的。
我也想从文化的角度来看我们很难进入另一个零售商合作伙伴(零售商X)。
这个声明总结他们的总体视图和消极第四方物流人气。
即使零售商的疑虑,可能克服潜在的经济惩罚所产生的贫困服务水平,所造成的损失,将供应链控制成为一个问题。
如果大多数零售商相信,就像零售商X,那他们的供应链结构远优于其他任何合作将是不可能的,因为几乎就没有妥协的中间地带。
零售商也不会允许他们的供应链管理由外部管理,这将意味着他们现有的零售商供应链结构是次等的。
零售商X的信念,那就是:控制自己的供应链添加到其竞争优势证实了克里斯托弗的(2005)论点,供应链而不是公司,竞争和强劲的主要零售商之间的竞争似乎靠在他们的供应链,并完全控制他们。
各因素可能阻碍英国零售商合作是不得不的问题。
主要的零售商已经受到了彻底的调查由竞争委员会(2000)。
任何零售商想要进入这一安排可能招致调查部门的怒火,这是不可能的。
一种主要消极的观点对于零售商是否愿意参与第四方物流跨越所有的参与这个研究。
许多操作的问题可以得到解决,LSP和供应商温和的热情,才能超越足够的财政激励措施。
但是,零售商主动参与这个过程是根本,很难得出任何正面的发现从这个研究对于第四方物流作为一种可行的选择。
即使经济疲时节似乎也不会威胁到霸权的主要零售商,除非他们有一个重要的改变心意的重大横向协作在主要的零售商,但这个是极不可能的。