被动语态(知识梳理)

被动语态真题再现：1.It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.A. will be buildingB. will he builtC. has been buildingD. has been built2. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.A. will have beenB. will beC. wasD. has been3. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.A. has been reachedB. was reachedC. will reachD. will have reached4. More expressways _______ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A. are being builtB. will be builtC. have been builtD. had been built5. I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but_______ thankfully by the shop window.A. am held backB. held backC. hold backD. was held back6. To my delight, I___________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.A. was chosenB. was being chosenC. would chooseD. had chosen7. —Did you enjoy the party?—Yes. We _____well by our hosts.A. were treatedB. would be treatedC. treatedD. had treated8. Experiments of this kind _____ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conductedB. have been conductedC. had conductedD. had been conducted9. —I didn’t ask for the name list. Why _____ on my desk?—I put it there just now in case you needed it.A. does it landB. has it landedC. will it landD. had it landed10. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later.A. rescuedB. was rescuedC. has rescuedD. had been rescued答案与解析1. B。

本题考查的是将来时态被动的用法，句意为：据报道，在将来的几年里，一个太空站将会在月球上建立。

2. D。

句意：在我的家乡，农民们在收完麦子之后都会吃一顿丰收晚餐。

整个句子描述的是常态，主句是一般现在时，从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。

麦子是“被收获”，故D正确。

3. A。

句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。

根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。

主语agreement与reach为被动关系，故选A。

4. B。

从soon可以看出应该是将来的事，选择将来时的被动语态。

句意：在四川，更多的高速路将很快被建成，用以提升当地经济。

5. A。

句意：我有一种强烈的愿望进去跟玩那个玩具，但是多亏被橱窗阻止了。

But连接两个并列的谓语，并且第二个动作是“被阻止”，用被动语态，根据前一句的时态had排除选项A。

6. A。

根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。

可以知道应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去式，故选A。

7. A。

问句中的时态为过去时，问的是过去的情况，答语中“被好好款待”也应该是过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。

8. D。

experiment和conduct之间为被动关系，故排除A项和C项。

conduct这一动作发生在第二次世界大战之前，即“过去的过去”。

9. B。

根据句意可知名单现在在桌子上，故用现在时，排除C，D项；句中强调land这一动作对现在产生的结果或影响，用现在完成时。

10. B。

根据句意，member和rescue之间为被动关系，排除A，C项；另外rescue并不是发生在get lost之前，只是陈述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。

知识讲解：被动语态的使用场合1.语义的需要：不知道或者没必要指出动作的执行者。

They are poorly paid.（没必要指出谁付工资）2.强调的需要：突出动作的承受者。

The schedule has been changed. (突出时间表)3.礼貌的需要：避免说出动作的执行者。

Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. (避免说出“我们禁止”)4.句式的需要：有些表达习惯上用被动语态。

He is said to be a billionaire.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。

一般现在时：am/is/are +done (过去分词)English is widely used in the world.现在完成时：has /have been doneAll those flowers have been watered.现在进行时：am/is /are being doneThe blackboard is being painted now.一般过去时：was/were doneWe were asked to help them.过去完成时：had been doneThe building had been completed before I arrived.过去进行时：was/were being doneThe university was being built when I saw last time.一般将来时：shall/will be doneA class meeting will be held next Monday.过去将来时：should/would be doneShe said the book would be delivered soon.将来完成时：shall/will have been doneI will have finished my high school this time next year.被动语态的特殊结构形式1.含情态动词的被动结构。

其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

The books may be kept for two weeks.What’s don e cannot be undone.2. 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。

通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

Many books were given to the children at the school.Ann wasn’t offered the job.3. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不变。

He was seen sitting there without doing anything.4. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

The poor children were made to work 12 hours a day.She is made to clean the floor.5. 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。

在被动结构中，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

Bad habits have been done away with．The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible．使用被动语态的场合1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by 短语)。

Printing was introduced to Europe from China.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

Health is valued above everything.3. 为了更好地安排句子。

We were shocked by the bad news.“It is said/thought/believed that...”及类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。

有：It is said that… 据说……It is reported that… 据报道……It is believed that… 大家相信……It is hoped that… 大家希望……It is well known that… 众所周知……It is thought that…大家认为……It is suggested that…据建议……Somebody/ something be supposed to do... 被期望……；应该It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.The boy is said to have passed the national exam.I’m supposed to be meeting Tom at 8:15.主动表被动的若干情形1.某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。