沉积相词汇
沉积相知识点复习
一、名词解释沉积相（或相）：沉积环境及在沉积环境中形成的沉积物（岩）的综合。
相标志：沉积岩所具有的那些能反映其沉积环境的环境参数以及沉积过程的各种特征。
岩相：是一定沉积环境中形成的岩石或岩石组合。
沃尔索相律（或相序递变规律/相律）：只有在横向上成因相近并且紧密相临而发育着的相，才能在垂向上依次出现而没有间断。
相序：在一个连续地层剖面中出现的沉积相的排列。
相模式：带有普遍意义的沉积相的空间组合形式。
或：沉积模式，以图解、文字或数学等方法来表现的理想化的和概括性的沉积相。
洪积扇（冲积扇）：在气候干热、地壳升降运动较强烈的地区，风化、剥蚀作用剧烈，其形成的产物被山区的暂时性水流（雨水或洪水）或山区河流带走。
当水流流出山口，地形坡度急剧变缓，水流向四方散开，流速骤减，碎屑物质大量沉积，形成锥状或扇状堆积体，称为洪积锥或洪积扇。
它具有山区河流冲积成因的特点，故又称为冲积扇。
或：在干旱半干旱地区出现季节性暴雨时，山区河流携带大量碎屑物质进入平原，在出口处，由于坡度突然变缓，流速骤减，水流分散，搬运能力减弱，而使碎屑物质快速堆积下来，形成一种扇形沉积体，称为冲积扇。
河流的“二元结构”：河流沉积的下段是由河床亚相的滞留沉积和边滩沉积组成，是由于河道迁移而引起的沉积物侧向加积的结果，构成了河流沉积的底层沉积。
上段由堤岸亚相和河漫亚相组成，属泛滥平原沉积，主要是大量细粒悬浮物质在洪泛期垂向加积的结果，构成了河流沉积剖面的顶层沉积，底层沉积和顶层沉积的垂向叠置，构成了河流沉积的“二元结构”。
沉积体系：同一物源、同一水动力系统控制，成因上有联系，沉积体或沉积相在空间上有规律的组合。
边滩：又称“点砂坝”，是曲流河中主要的沉积单元，是河床侧向迁移和沉积物侧向加积的结果。
边滩沉积构成：上部由河漫滩沉积构成，两者的厚度比接近1：1，层序具典型的向上变细、变薄的特点。
天然堤：洪水期河水溢出河床，粉砂、泥沿河床两岸迅速堆积所形成平行于河床的砂堤。
英汉沉积学常用词汇
Common V ocabulary of Sedimentology沉积学常用词汇Aabandoned channel 废弃河道abandoned delta 废弃的三角洲ablation breccia 消融角砾岩abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地absolute age 绝对年龄absorpting 吸附性absorption 吸收性abundance of trace element 微量元素丰度abyss(deep sea) 深海abyssal basin 深海盆地abyssal deposit 深海沉积abyssal facies 深海相abyssal ooze 深海软泥abyssal plain 深海平原abyssal subcompensational basin 深海欠补偿盆地accretion ripple 加积波痕accretion topography 加积地形accretional plain 加积平原accumulation terrace 堆积阶地ACD(aragonite compensation depth) 文石补偿深度acicular texture 针状结构acid sialic stage 酸性硅铝阶段active continental margin 活动大陆边缘active crust 活动地壳adhesion ripple 粘附波痕adhesion wart 粘附瘤痕advanced dune 前进沙丘aeolian dune facies 风成沙丘相aeolian ripple marks 风成波痕aeolian rock 风成岩agglomerate 集块岩agglomeratic texture 集块结构agglutinated grain texture 胶粒结构aggradation 加积作用air-heave structure 气胀结构aleuropelitic texture 粉沙泥质结构algal mat 藻席algal mound 藻丘algal ooid 藻鲕algal peloid 藻球粒algal reef 藻礁algal reef limestone 藻礁灰岩alkali lake 碱湖alkali-feldspar 碱性长石allitized stage 铝铁土阶段allochem 异化颗粒allochemical limestone 异化颗粒灰岩allochemical phosphorite 异化磷块岩allochthonous limestone 异地灰岩allochthonous phosphorite 异地磷块岩alluvial apron 冲积裙alluvial facies 冲积相alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial terrace 冲积阶地altered tuff 蚀变凝灰岩ammonoid 菊石类amorphous texture 胶状结构amphibian 两栖动物amygdaloidal structure 杏仁结构anadiagenesis 后生成岩作用analcimolith 方沸石岩analysis of rocks and minerals 岩矿分析angiosperm 被子植物angular 棱角状angular gravel 角砾angular unconformity 角度不整合anhydrite 硬石膏Banhydrock 硬石膏岩anisotropic fabric 异向组构antecedent river 先成河Anthichnium花趾迹antidune cross bedding 逆行沙丘交错层理apatite 磷灰石aphanitic texture 隐晶结构apparent age 表观年龄apposition fabric 同沉积组构aquatolysis 陆解作用aragonite 文石archaeocyathid 古杯类Archaeopteryx始祖鸟Archean Era 太古代Arenicolites沙蚤迹arenite 砂屑岩，净砂岩argillite 泥板岩arid climate 干旱气候arkose 长石砂岩arsenopyrite 毒砂Arthropoda 节肢动物ascending springy 上升泉ash content 灰分ash fragment 灰屑asphalt 地沥青asphalt mound 沥青丘asphaltenes 沥青质assimilation 同化作用asymmetrical ripple 不对称波痕atoll 环礁atmosphere 大气圈aulacogen 拗拉谷authigenic mineral 自生矿物autunite 钙铀云母auxiliary mineral 次要矿物axis 地轴B-C sequence B—C层序back reef facies 礁后相back arc basin 弧后盆地backshore zone 后滨带backshore facies 后滨相back swamp 河漫沼泽back swamp facies 河漫沼泽相backward erosion 向源侵蚀backwash 回流bacteria 细菌bafflestone 障积岩baffling texture 障积结构bahamite 巴哈马石ball and pillow structure 砂球枕构造banded bedding 带状层理banded limestone facies 缎带灰岩相bank reef 堤礁bank seismic facies 滩地震相barchan 新月型沙丘barite 重晶石barrier beach 障壁滩barrier bar 障壁沙坝barrier island 障壁岛barrier island system 障壁岛体系barrier reef 障壁礁，堡礁basal arkose 基底长石砂岩basal cementation 基底式胶结basal conglomerate 底砾岩basalt 玄武岩baselap 底超basement 基底basic rock 基性岩basinal lake 无口湖batholith 岩基bathymetric map 等深线图bauxitic rock 铝土岩bauxitic rocks 铝土岩类bioclast 生物碎屑bayment 海湾bayment sediment 海湾沉积beach 海滩beach conglomerate 滨岸砾岩beach cusp 滩角beach environment and facies 海滩环境和相beach face 滩面beach facies 海滩相beach profile 海滩剖面beach ridge 滩脊beach ridge facies 海滩砂脊相beach rock 海滩岩beach system 海滩体系Beaconites灯塔迹bed 层bed load 床沙载荷bed migration 床沙迁移bed thickness 层厚bedding 层理bedding plane structures 层面构造bedding structures 层理构造bedform 床沙形态benthos 底栖动物beryl 绿柱石biaxial crystal 三轴晶bimodal cross bedding 双向交错层理bimodal current 双向流bimodal distribution 双峰分布binding texture 粘结结构bio-absorption 生物吸附bio-assimilation 生物吸收bio-diagenesis 生物成岩bio-mineralization 生物成矿biochemical deposition 生物化学沉积biochemical transportation 生物化学搬运biochemical weathering 生物化学风化biochron 生物时bioclastic limestone 生物碎屑灰岩bioclastic sparite 亮晶生物碎屑灰岩bioclastic micrite 生物碎屑微晶灰岩biodeposition 生物沉积biofacies 生态相biofacies-paleogeographic map 生物相古地理图biofixation 生物固定bioframework pore 生物骨架孔biogenic lamination structure 生物层理构造biogeochemistry(organic geochemistry) 有机地球化学bioherm 生物层biohermal facies 生物层相biohermal activity 生物活动biohermal community 生物群落biohermal marker 生物标志化合物biohermal trail 生物遗迹biohermal weathering 生物风化biomechanical deposition 生物机械沉积biomechanical transportation 生物机械搬运biophosphorite 生物磷块岩biophysical weathering 生物物理风化biosphere 生物圈biostratigraphic unit 生物地层单位biostratigraphy 生物地层学biosurface 生物面biota 生物群biotite 黑云母bioturbation facies 生物扰动相bioturbation structure 生物扰动构造biozone 生物带bird fecal phosphorite 鸟粪石磷块岩bird-foot delta 鸟足状三角洲birdeye pore 鸟眼孔birdeye structure 鸟眼构造bitter lake 盐湖bitumen 沥青bivalve 双壳类black shale 黑色页岩bladed 叶片状blister mat 泡状藻席blue-green algae(cyanophyte) 蓝绿藻body fossils 实体化石boehmite 一水软铝石boehmitic rock 一水铝土岩boghead coal 藻煤boracite 方硼石borax 硼砂boring 生物钻孔bottom cast 底模bottom current 底流bottom current facies 底流相bottom mark 底痕bottom moraine facies 底积相bottom reef facies 礁底相bottom set 底积层boulder 漂砾boulder conglomerate 漂砾砾岩Bouma sequence 鲍马层序boundstone 粘结岩brachiopod 腕足动物brackish-water lake 半咸水湖braid index 游荡性指数braided river 辫状河breaker zone 碎浪带breccia 角砾岩broken stage 破碎阶段brown algae 褐藻bruise 撞痕brush cast 刷模bryophyte 苔藓植物bryozoan 苔藓虫类bubble impression 泡沫痕buildup 岩隆bulkrock analysis 全岩分析burrow 潜穴CC14 age method C14法caking property 粘结性calcarenite 砂屑灰岩calcarenitic texture 砂屑结构calcareous cement 钙质胶结物calcareous concretion 钙质结核calcareous quartzarenite 钙质石英岩calcareous shale 钙质页岩calcarenaceous turbidite facies 钙屑浊积岩相calcilutite 泥屑灰岩calcilutic texture 泥屑结构calcirudite 砾屑灰岩calcirutidic texture 砾屑结构calcisiltic texture 粉屑结构calcisiltite 粉屑灰岩calcite 方解石Caledonian movement 加里东运动caliche 钙结岩Cambrian Period 寒武纪cap reef facies 礁盖相capillary action dolomitization 毛细管浓缩白云化作用caprock 盖层captured river 袭夺河carbonhydrate 碳水化合物carbon isotope 碳同位素carbonaceous shale 炭质页岩carbonate flysch suite 碳酸盐岩复理石建造carbonate grain 碳酸盐颗粒carbonate minerals 碳酸盐矿物carbonate platform 碳酸盐台地carbonate rocks 碳酸盐岩类carbonatite 碳酸岩Carboniferous Period 石炭纪carnallite 光卤石cast solution pore 铸模孔cataclasite 碎裂岩catagenesis 后生作用catagenetic concretion 后生结核catagenetic conglomerate 后生砾岩catagenetic dolostone 后生白云岩catagenetic mineral 后生矿物catastrophism 灾变论cathodoluminescence analysis 阴极发光分析cave deposit 洞穴沉积cave-collapse breccia 洞穴塌陷角砾岩CCD(calcite compensation depth) 方解石补偿深度CDT scale CDT标准Ce anomaly 铈异常celestine 天青石cement 胶结物cement textures 胶结物结构cementation 胶结作用cementing zone 胶结带Cenozoic Era 新生代center of subsidence 沉降中心cephalopoda 头足类chalcedony 玉髓chalk 白垩chalk carbonate suite 白垩碳酸岩建造chamosite 鲕绿泥石channel-fill facies 河道充填相channel bar 心滩chaotic carbonate facies 异地碳酸盐相chaotic sediment 混杂沉积物charophyte 轮藻chemical analysis 化学分析chemical composition analysis 化学成分分析chemical sedimentary deposit 化学沉积矿床chemical sedimentary differentiation 化学沉chemical structures 化学成因构造chemical weathering 化学风化chenier facies 千尼尔相chert 燧石岩chevron mark 锯齿痕chicken wire structure 鸡笼铁丝网构造Chirotherium掌趾迹chlorite 绿泥石Chondrichthyes 软骨鱼类Chondrites均分潜迹chronostratigraphic unit 年代地层单位chronostratigraphy 年代地层学chute 串沟chute cut-off 串沟截直cirque 冰斗classic tectonics 经典大地构造学clast 碎屑clastic material 碎屑物质clastic composition analysis 碎屑成分分析clastic mineral 碎屑矿物clastic model 碎屑模型clastic texture 碎屑结构clay 粘土clay mineral 粘土矿物claystone 粘土岩climate 气候climatic arkose 气候长石砂岩climbing ripple 爬生波痕climbing ripple cross lamination 爬升沙纹层理clot 凝块石cluster analysis 聚类分析CM plot C-M图coal 煤coal geology 煤田地质学coal-accumulating process 聚煤作用coal-forming process 成煤作用积分异coalification 煤化作用coaly monoterrigenous suite 单陆屑含煤建造coarse conglomerate 粗砾岩coarse sand 粗砂coarse silt 粗粉砂coarse siltstone 粗粉砂岩coast 海岸coast line 岸线coastal bay system 湾岸体系coastal lake area 滨湖区coastal lake facies 滨湖相coastal plain 海岸平原coastal reef 岸礁coastal topography 海岸地形coated grain 包粒coated grain phosphorite 包粒磷块岩cobble 粗砾coccolith 颗石藻cock’s comb structure 鸡冠状构造coefficient of the distribution 分配系数Coelenterata 腔肠动物coking coal 焦煤coking property 结焦性cold climate 寒冷气候cold water carbonate 冷水碳酸盐collapse breccia 滑塌角砾央colloform mat 胶状藻席colloid solution 胶体溶液collophane 胶磷矿compaction 压实作用complex delta 复合三角洲compositional maturity 成分成熟度compound ooid 复鲕compound ripple 复合波痕compound structures 复合成因构造comprehensive terms 综合术语concave flood plain 河漫滩condensed section 凝缩层cone-in-cone structure 叠锥构造conformity 整合conglomerate 砾岩conglomerates 砾岩类connecting texture 连生构造conodont 牙形石类consequent river 顺向河consolidation 固结作用constructive delta 建设性三角洲contact cementation 接触式胶结contact metamorphism 接触变质contemporaneous concretion 同生结核contemporaneous conglomerate 同生砾岩continental crust 陆壳continental drift hypothesis 大陆漂移说continental glacier 大陆冰川continental growth 大陆增生continental rift 大陆裂谷continental rise 陆隆continental slope 陆坡contour current 等深流contourite 等深积岩（等深岩）contourite drift等深岩丘contourite facies 等深积岩相convergent margin 会聚边缘convolute bedding 包卷层理coppery carbonate rock 含铜碳酸盐岩coppery conglomerate 含铜砾岩coppery rock 铜质岩coppery rocks 铜质岩类coppery sandstone 含铜砂岩coppery shale 含铜页岩coquina 介壳灰岩coral 珊瑚coral reef 珊瑚礁concavo-convex contact 凹凸接触concretion 结核coral reef limestone 珊瑚礁灰岩coral reef facies 礁核相correlative analysis 相关分析coset 层系组Cosmorhaphe丽线迹country rock 围岩cover 盖层crack 裂隙crater lake 火口湖cratonic basin 克拉通盆地crawling trail 爬行迹CRER(Cretaceous Events and Rhythms) 白垩纪事件与韵律Cretaceous Period 白垩纪crevasse splay 决口扇crevasse-splay facies 决口扇相Crinoid 海百合类cristobalite 方英石cross bedding 交错层理cross bedding orientation 交错层理定向crude oil 原油Cruziana克鲁兹迹Cruziana assemblage 克鲁兹迹组合cryptograin texture 隐粒结构Cryptozoic Eon 隐生宙crystal cast 晶体印模crystal fragment 晶屑crystal grain texture 晶粒结构crystal optics 晶体光学crystal tuff 晶屑凝灰岩crystallized ooid 变晶鲕crystalline dolostone 结晶白云岩crystalline granular texture 晶粒结构crystallization differentiation 结晶分异作用crystallo petrology 结晶岩石学crystalloblastic texture 变晶结构cumulative frequency curve 频率累积曲线current ripple cross lamination 流水沙纹层理current rose 流水玫瑰花图curty bedding 卷曲层理curved ripple 扭曲波痕cuspate delta 鸟嘴状三角洲cut-off 裁弯取直cutoff basin 封闭盆地cycle sequence 旋回层序cyclostratigraphy 旋回地层学Cylindrichnus柱管迹Cylindricum柱形迹Ddammed lake 堰塞湖damp climate 潮湿气候debris flow 泥石流debris flow facies 泥石流相decomposition 分解作用dedolomitization 去白云化作用deep lake area 深湖区deep lake facies 深湖相deep water lagoon 深水泻湖deep-water basin 深水盆地deep-water environment 深水环境deep-water shelf 深水陆棚deep-water system 深水沉积体系deformation 变形deformation fabric 形变结构degradation 降解作用degypsification 去膏化作用dehydration 脱水作用delta 三角洲delta environment and facies 三角洲环境和相delta front 三角洲前缘delta lobate 三角洲叶状体cumulative probability curve 概率累积曲线current mark 流痕current ripple 流水流痕delta plain 三角洲平原delta plain facies 三角洲平原相delta system 三角洲体系deluvial facies 坡积相deluvial zone 坡积带density current 密度流denudation 剥蚀作用depocenter 沉积中心depositional bauxitic rock 沉积型铝土岩depositional cycle 沉积旋回depositional plain 沉积平原depositional system 沉积体系depositional system analysis 沉积体系分析desert 沙漠desert environment and facies 沙漠环境和相desert facies 沙漠相desert lake 沙漠湖泊desert lake facies 沙漠湖泊相desert system 沙漠体系desert varnish 沙漠漆destructive delta 破坏性三角洲determination of rocks and minerals 岩矿鉴定deviation ooid 偏心鲕development in sedimentology 沉积学进展Devonian Period 泥盆纪diagenesis 成岩作用diagenetic concretion 成岩结核diagenetic conglomerate 成岩砾岩diagenetic crack 成岩裂隙diagenetic dolostone 成岩白云岩diagenetic environment 成岩环境diagenetic mineral 成岩矿物diagenetic trap 成岩圈闭diagonal bar 斜列沙坝diagonal bedding 斜层理diamictite 混积岩diapiric structure 底辟构造diatom 硅藻diatom ooze 硅藻软泥diatomite 硅藻岩diatreme breccia 爆发角砾岩dickite 地开石Dictyodora网锥迹differential thermal analysis 差热分析differential weathering 差异风化Dikaka双叉迹dike 岩脉Dinosaur 恐龙dip 倾向Diplichnites双趾迹Diplocraterion双环迹direct runoff 地表径流dirty sandstone 脏砂岩discriminant analysis 判别分析dish structure 盘状构造disorganized 乱杂型disorganized bedding 紊乱层理dispersal system 分散系dissected basin 切割盆地dissolution 溶解dissolved load 溶解载荷dissolved material 溶解物质dissolving zone 溶解带distal bar 远砂坝distal bar facies 远砂坝相distal facies 远源相distal fan 外扇distal onlap 远端上超distal turbidite 远源浊积岩distorted ooid 变形鲕distributary 分流diara 沙洲diaspore 一水硬铝石diastem 沉积停顿diatactive varve 粒度递变纹泥distributary backswamp facies 分流河道河漫沼泽相distributary channel 分流河道distributary channel facies 分流河道相distributary levee facies 分流河道堤岸相distributary mouth bar 河口砂坝distributary mouth bar facies 河口砂坝相distribution of REE 稀土元素分配distribution of trace element 微量元素分配distrophic lake 缺养湖disturbed bedding 扰动层理dolarenite 砂屑白云岩doll concretion 钙结核dololaminite 纹层状白云岩dololutite 泥屑白云岩dolomicrite 微晶白云岩dolomite 白云石dolomitic limestone 云灰岩dolomitic phosphorite 白云质磷块岩dolomitization 白云石化作用dolomitized limestone 白云化灰岩dolorudite 砾屑白云岩dolosiltite 粉屑白云岩dolostone 白云岩dolostone evaporite suite 白云岩型蒸发岩建造dolostones 白云岩类domelike stromatolite 穹状叠层石dorag dolomitization 混合白云化作用double mud drapes 双粘土层downcutting 下切作用downlap 下超downslope ripple 下移波痕draa 臂状沙丘drainage basin 流域drainage system 水系drift dam 冰碛坝dune facies 沙丘相dwelling trail 居住迹Eearly diagenesis 早期成岩作用earth 地球ea rth’s core地核e arth’s crust地壳e arth’s mantle地幔Echinoderm 棘皮动物Echinoid 海胆类ecology 生态学economic geology 经济地质学edgewise structure 竹叶状构造effusive rock 喷出岩Eh value Eh值electronic probe analysis 电子探针分析elevated crust 抬生地壳eluvial breccia 残积角砾岩eluvial facies 残积相eluvial zone 残积带embayment 海湾enclosed sea 封闭海end moraine facies 终冰碛相end peneplain 终期准平原endobiont 内栖动物endogenetic sediments 内成沉积物endogenic deposit 内生矿床endorheic basin 内流盆地Eocene Epoch 始新世eolian basin 风蚀盆地eolian cross bedding 风成交错层理eolian dune 风成沙丘drift plain 冰碛平原drowned platform 沉没台地drowned valley 溺谷drusy texture 丛生结构dune 沙丘eolianite 风成岩eonothem 宇epeiric sea 陆表海epibionts 底表生物epidiagenesis 表生成岩作用epidiagenetic environment 表生成岩环境epigenesis 表生作用epigenetic concretion 表生结核epigenetic deposit 后生矿床epiglyph 顶面痕epimatrix 外杂基epoch of mineralization 成矿期epsilon cross bedding ε交错层理epsomite 泻利盐equant 等轴状erathem 界erosion 侵蚀作用erosional basis 侵蚀基准面erosional plain 侵蚀平原erosional terrace 侵蚀阶地erosional topography 侵蚀地形escape structure 逃逸构造esker 蛇形丘essential mineral 主要矿物estuarine facies 河口湾相estuary 河口湾ething mark 刻蚀痕eugeosyncline 优地槽euryhaline environment 广盐度环境euryhaline lagoon 广盐泻湖euryhaline organism 广盐性生物eurythermal organism 广温性生物eutrophic lake 兹养湖evaporation 蒸发作用evaporite 蒸发岩evaporite platform 蒸发盐台地evaporite-solution breccia 盐溶角砾岩experimental sedimentology 实验沉积学explanation for orientation 定向解释Ffabric 组构fabric of carbonate rock 碳酸盐岩组构fabric of claystone 粘土岩组构facies 相facies arrangement 相排列facies association 相组合facies belt 相带facies change 相变facies fossil 指相化石facies group 相组facies map 相图facies mineral 指相矿物facies model 相模式facies province 相区facies sequence 相序列fan-shaped delta 扇形三角洲faro 小环礁fault 断层fault basin 断陷盆地fauna 动物群fecal peloid 粪球粒feeding trail 进食迹feldspar 长石feldsparthic litharenite 长石岩屑砂岩feldsparthic quartzarenite 长石石英砂岩felty structure 毡状构造fenestral structure 窗孔构造ferroalumino suite 铝土铁质建造evaporites 蒸发岩类evaporitive pumping dolomitization 蒸发泵白云化作用excrement 排泄物exinite 壳质组exogenetic sediments 表成沉积物ferrodolomite 铁白云石ferromanganese concretion 铁锰结核ferruginous cement 铁质胶结物ferruginous quartzarenite 铁质石英砂岩ferruginous rocks 铁质岩类ferruginous rock 铁质岩ferruginous shale 铁质页岩fibrous texture 纤状构造filled valley 冲淤谷filled-lake plain 淤积湖平原film mat 薄膜状藻席film texture 薄膜结构fine conglomerate 细砾岩fine sand 细砂fine silt 细粉砂fine siltstone 细粉砂岩finger bar 指状砂坝firth 三角港fixed dune 固定沙丘flame structure 火焰构造flaser bedding 脉状层理flat bedding 平坦层理flat mat 平坦藻席flocculation 聚沉作用，絮凝作用flocculation by condensation 浓缩聚沉flocculation by electrolyte 电解质聚沉flood 洪水flooded lake 河漫湖flooded lake facies 河漫湖泊相floodplain 洪积平原floodplain facies 洪积平原相flora 植物群flow system 流动系fluid 流体fluid dynamics 流体动力学fluidized sediment flow 液化沉积物流flume experiment 水槽实验fluival-dominated delta 河控三角洲fluxoturbidite 滑塌浊积岩flysch 复理石flysch facies 复理石相flyschoid 类复理石flysch suite 复理石建造foliaton 叶理footprint 足印foraminifera reef limestone 有孔虫礁灰岩Foraminiferan 有孔虫类fore reef facies 礁前相forearc basin 弧前盆地foredeep basin 前渊盆地foreland basin 前陆盆地foreset 前积层foreshore facies 前滨相foreslope facies 前缘斜坡相forslope of platform 台地前缘斜坡formation 组fossil 化石fossil microtextures 生物显微结构fossil orientation 化石定向framework grain 骨粒francolite 碳氟磷灰石freeze thaw weathering 冻融风化frequency curve 频率曲线fresh water dolomitization 淡水白云石化作用fresh water dolostone 淡水白云岩fresh-water lake 淡水湖freshened lagoon 淡化泻湖freshening environment 淡化环境fluorescence analysis 荧光分析fluorite 萤石fluroapatite 氟磷灰石flute cast 槽模flute cast orientation 槽模定向fluival environment and facies 河流环境和相fluival system 冲积体系front moraine facies 前积相front sand sheet facies 前缘席状砂相frost weathering 寒冻风化frost 霜面Froude’s Number福劳德数fusulinid蜓类fungi 真菌Gganister 致密硅岩Gastropod 腹足类gelatinous mat 凝胶状藻席gelatinous phosphorite 胶状磷块岩geochemical methods 地球化学方法geochronologic scale 地质年代表geological record 地质记录geomorphologic unit 地貌单元geomorphology 地貌学geopetal structure 示底构造geophysical methods 地球物理方法geosuture 地缝合线geosyncline 地槽giant ripple 巨波痕gibbsite 三水铝石gibbsitic rock 三水铝土岩Gilbert type delta 吉尔伯特型三角洲glacial climate 冰川气候glacial environment and facies 冰川环境和相glacial erratics 冰川漂砾glacial morphology 冰川地貌glacial system 冰川体系glacial tongue 冰舌glacial valley 冰蚀谷glacier 冰川glaciodelta 冰成三角洲glaciodelta facies 冰成三角洲相glaciofluvial environment 冰川冲积环境global climate change 全球气候变迁global rhythm and event 全球韵律和事件global sea level fluctuation 全球海平面升降global sedimentary geology program 全球沉积地质计划global sedimentology 全球沉积学global volcanism 全球火山作用globigerina ooze 抱球虫软泥gneiss 片麻岩gobi 戈壁gobi facies 戈壁相Gondwana 冈瓦纳古陆Gondwana land bridge 冈瓦纳陆桥grade scale 粒级标准graded bedding 粒序层理grain dolostone 颗粒白云岩grain flow 颗粒流grain index 颗粒指数grain limestone 颗粒灰岩grain orientation 颗粒定向grain phosphorite 粒屑磷块岩grain size 粒度grain size analysis 粒度分析grain size distribution 粒度分布grain size parameter 粒度参数grain supported 颗粒支撑grainstone 颗粒岩granite 花岗岩granular texture 粒状结构granule 细砾glaciofluvial facies 冰水冲积相glaciofluvial terrace 冰水阶地glaciolacustrine environment 冰川湖泊环境glaciolacutrine facies 冰川湖泊相glaciomarine environment 冰海环境glaciomarine facies 冰海相glauconite 海绿石glauconitic quartzarenite 海绿石石英砂岩grapestone 葡萄石graptolite 笔石类gravel 砾gravel fabric 砾石组构gravity cementation 重力胶结gravity flow 重力流greywacke 灰瓦克岩，硬砂岩，杂砂岩grazing trail 觅食迹green algae(chorophyte) 绿藻grey biterrigenous suite 灰色复陆屑建造graywacke (greywacke) 硬砂岩greywacke suite 杂砂岩建造groove cast 沟模group 群growth fabric 生长组构guide fossil 标志化石guyot 海底平顶山Gymnosperm 裸子植物gypsolith 石膏岩gypsum 石膏gypsum evaporite suite 膏盐型蒸发岩建造Hhail print 雹痕halides 卤化物halite 石盐halloysite 埃洛石halmyrolysis 海解作用hardground structure 硬底构造heating stage 显微镜热台heavy mineral 重矿物heavy mineral analysis 重矿物分析Helminthoida蠕形迹Helminthopsis拟蠕形迹helocline 盐度跃层hematite 赤铁矿hematitic rock 赤铁岩high water level 高潮面high-angle cross bedding 高角度交错层理high-density current 高密度流high-energy ooid 高能鲕high-magnesian calcite 高镁方解石high-rank sandstone 高级杂砂岩high-sinuosity river 高弯度河highmoor peat 高沼泥炭highstand system tract 高水位体系域hill 丘陵histogram 直方图history of sedimentology 沉积学史Holocene Epoch 全新世homopycnal flow 等密度流honey comb structure 蜂窝状构造horizontal bedding 水平层理host rock 主岩hot sping 热泉hot water dolomitization 热水白云石化作用hot water sedimentary rock 热水沉积岩hot water sedimentation 热水沉积作用HREE 重稀土元素humic acid 腐殖酸humic substance 腐殖质humic-type kerogen 腐殖型干酪根huminite 腐殖组hummocky cross bedding 丘状交错层理hybrid sediments 混合沉积物hydrated zone 水合带hemipelagic carbonate facies 半远洋碳酸盐相hemipelagic environment 半远洋环境hemipelagic facies model 半远洋相模式hermatypic coral 造礁珊瑚herringbone cross bedding 羽状交错层理heulanditic rock 片沸石岩hiatus 沉积间断high moor 高位沼泽hydration 水合作用hydrocarbon 烃hydrogen isotope 氢同位素hydrolysis 水解作用hydrolysis zone 水解带hydrosphere 水圈hydrothermal deposit 热液矿床hydrothermally cemented rock 热泉胶结岩Hyolithid 软舌螺类hypabyssal rock 浅成岩hypergenic mineral 表生矿物Iice crystal cast 冰晶模ice sheet 冰盖ichnology 遗迹学ideal section 理想剖面igneous petrology 火成岩石学igneous rock 火成岩illite 伊利石imbricated structure 叠瓦构造illite claystone 伊利石粘土岩immersion method 油浸法immersion oil 浸油indentation 凹坑index fossil 标准化石index of meandering 曲流指数index of sinuosity 弯度指数indication of oil and gas 油气显示Indo-China movement 印支运动inertinite 惰性组infrared absorption spectrum analysis 红外光谱分析injective structure 注入构造inland basin 内陆盆地inland drainage 内陆水系inland sabkha 内陆萨勃哈interference colour 干涉色interference ripple 干涉波痕interference figure 干涉图interformational conglomerate 层间砾岩intergranular pore 粒间孔intergranular solution pore 粒间溶孔interlayered bedding 互层层理intermittent suspended load 间歇悬浮载荷intermontane basin 山间盆地internal tide 内潮汐internal-tide deposits 内潮汐沉积internal wave 内波internal-wave deposits 内波沉积International Association of Sedimentologists (IAS) 国际沉积学家协会International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) 国际地科联interstitial water 孔隙水interstitial material 填隙物interstitial zone 潮间带intra-arc basin 弧内盆地intrabasinal environment and facies 内源沉积环境和相intrabasinal lake 盆内湖intrabasinal rock 盆内岩intrabasinal sediment 内源沉积物intraclast 内碎屑intraclastic limestone 内碎屑灰岩inland sabkha facies 内陆萨勃哈相inner bar 内沙坝inner bar facies 内沙坝相inner shelf 内陆棚inner shelf facies 内陆棚相inter-reef facies 礁间相interarc basin 弧间盆地intercalated beds 隔层intercontinental rift 陆间裂谷interdistributary bay 分流间湾intraclastic phosphorite 内碎屑磷灰岩intracratonic basin 克拉通内盆地intraformational breccia 层内角砾岩intragranular pore 粒内孔intragranular solution pore 粒内溶孔intramicrite 内碎屑微晶灰岩intramontane basin 山间盆地intrasparite 内碎屑亮晶灰岩iinverse graded bedding 逆粒序层理ion absorption 离子吸附作用ion exchange 离子交换作用isolated platform 孤立台地isolated ripple 孤立波痕isolithic map 等岩性图isopach cementation 等厚环边胶结isopachous map 等厚线图Isopodichnus等趾迹isotope abundance 同位素丰度isotope composition 同位素组成isotope dating 同位素定年isotope fractionation 同位素分馏isotope fractionation factor 同位素分馏系数isotope ratio 同位素比值isotope standard 同位素标准isotopic age 同位素年龄isotopic geochemistry 同位素地球化学isotropic fabric 等向组构Jjasper rock 碧玉岩jasper suite 碧石建造Jurassic Period 侏罗纪Kkame 冰碛kaolinic claystone 高岭石粘土岩kaolinite 高岭石lacustrine system 湖泊体系lag facies 滞留相lagoon 泻湖lagoon facies 泻湖相lake delta 湖泊三角洲lake delta facies 湖泊三角洲相lamellar fibrous texture 层纤结构lamina 细层laminar flow 层流laminated texture 片状结构landslide 滑坡late diagenesis 晚期成岩作用lateral accretion 侧向加积lateral erosion 侧向侵蚀lateral facies change 侧向相变laterite 红土lateritic bauxitic rock 红土型铝土岩laterized stage 红土阶段lattice structure 晶格状构造lava fragment 浆屑layered moraine 层状冰积物leaching zone 淋滤带legend 图例lenticular bedding 透镜状层理lenticulite 扁豆状熔灰岩levee facies 堤岸相Liesegang banding 李泽冈环karst breccia 岩溶角砾岩karst lake 岩溶湖karst morphology 岩溶地貌kerogen 干酪根kidney-like hematitic rock 肾状赤铁岩kidney-shaped texture 肾状结构knob and tail mark 丘尾痕kurtosis 尖度Llacustrine 湖泊的，湖成的lime clast 灰屑lime dolostone 灰云岩lime mud 灰泥lime mudstone 灰泥岩lime-mud matrix 灰泥基质lime-mud mound 灰泥丘limestone 石灰岩limestones 灰岩类limnic basin 陆相含煤盆地limnogenic rock 淡水沉积岩limonite 褐铁矿limonite rock 褐铁岩linear contact 线接触linear sand bar 线形砂坝lineation 线理link single crystal texture 连生单晶结构litharenite 岩屑砂岩lithic arkose 岩屑长石砂岩lithic fragment 岩石碎屑lithic graywacke 岩屑杂砂岩lithic quartzarenite 岩屑石英砂岩lithic tuff 岩屑凝灰岩lithofacies 岩相lithofacies map 岩相图lithofication 石化作用lithoherm 岩礁lithologic column 岩性柱状图lithologic section 岩性剖面lithosphere 岩石圈lithostratigraphic unit 岩性地层单位lithostratigraphy 岩石地层学lithotype 煤岩类型littoral dune 沿岸沙丘littoral zone 滨海带load cast 重荷模lobate bedding 叶状层理loess 黄土low-angle cross bedding 低角度交错层理low-density current 低密度流low-density turbidity current 低密度浊流low-rank sandstone 低级杂砂岩low-sinuosity river 低弯度河lower flow regime 下部流态lowsand system tract 低水位体系域LREE 轻稀土元素lump 团块lump limestone 团块灰岩lump micrite limestone 团块微晶灰岩lump phosphorite 团块磷块岩lump sparite limestone 亮晶团块灰岩Mmacroclastic rock 粗碎屑岩macrofossil 大化石macroid 大包粒magma 岩浆magmatic deposit 岩浆矿床magmatic rock 岩浆岩magmatism 岩浆作用magnesite 菱镁矿magnetic element 地磁要素magnetic pole 地磁极magnetic pole wandering 地磁极游移loess concretion 黄土结核loess facies 黄土相loess field 黄土原logging 测井lognormal distribution 对数正态分布longitudinal bar 纵向砂坝longitudinal section 纵剖面longshore bar 沿岸砂坝longshore current 沿岸流Lophocteniun菊瓣迹low moor 低位沼泽low water level 低潮面magnetic stratigraphy 磁性地层学magnetite 磁铁矿magnetitic rock 磁铁岩main river 干流mammal 哺乳动物manganiferous carbonate rock 锰质碳酸盐岩manganiferous claystone 锰质粘土岩manganiferous concretion 锰结核manganiferous concretional rock 锰质结核岩manganiferous rock 锰质岩manganiferous rocks 锰质岩类manganiferous siliceous rock 锰质硅质岩manganiferous clastic rock 锰质碎屑岩manganite 水锰矿mantle convection 地幔对流marchasite 白铁矿marginal platform 边缘台地marginal sea 陆缘海marine bench 海蚀台marine cliff 海蚀崖marine diagenetic environment 海水成岩环境marine drift 漂流marine environment and facies 海洋环境和相marine facies 海相marine phreatic zone 海水潜流带marine salina 滨海盐沼marine vadose zone 海水渗流带Markov chain analysis 马尔可夫链分析marl 泥灰岩marsh 沼泽marsh environment and facies 沼泽环境和相massive bedding 块状层理massive flow 块体流matrix 杂基matrix supported 杂基支撑maturity analysis 成熟度分析maturity index 成熟度指数mechanical transportation and deposition 机械搬运和沉积medial moraine facies 中碛相median grain size 中值粒度Mediterranean sea 地中海medium conglomerate 中粒砾岩medium of transportation and sedimenation 搬运和沉积介质medium sand 中砂megaripple 大波痕meltout till 融出碛member 段meniscus cementation 新月形胶结Merostomichnites肢口迹Mesozoic Era 中生代metallic mineral 金属矿物metallic ore 金属矿产metallogenetic epoch 成矿时代metallogenic belt 成矿带metallogenic province 成矿区metamorphic age 变质年龄metamorphic belt 变质带metamorphic deposit 变质矿床metamorphic facies 变质相metamorphic grade 变质程度。
沉积相词汇
沉积相词汇沉积学sedimentology沉积物sediment沉积岩sedimentary rock沉积作用sedimentation,deposition沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation沉积旋回sedimentary cycle,depositional-cycle同生作用syngenesis成岩作用diagenesis后生作用(又称晚期成岩作用)epigenesist,catagenesis 变生作用(曾用名深变作用)metagenesis碎屑岩clastic rock,detrital rock砂岩sandstone粉砂岩siltstone砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock,volcanoclastic rock碳酸盐岩carbonate rock石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite,dolostone泥灰岩marl粘土岩claystone泥质岩argillite泥岩mudstone页岩shale蒸发岩evaporite盐岩salt rock可燃有机岩caustobiolith沉积中心depocenter沉降中心subsiding center岩相古地理lithofacies palaeogeography沉积环境sedimentary enviroment沉积体系sedimentary system,depositional system沉积相sedimentary facies岩相lithofacies生物相biofacies地球化学相geochemical facies相标志facies marker相模式facies model相分析facies analysis山麓洪积相piedmont pluvial facies碎屑流沉积debris flow deposit泥石流沉积mud-debris flow deposit冲积扇相alluvial fan facies河流相fluvial facies辩状河沉积braided stream deposit曲流河沉积meandering stream deposit网状河沉积anastomosed stream deposit河床滞留沉积channel-lag deposit凸岸坝沉积(又称“点砂坝沉积”、“边滩沉积”)poit bar deposit 心滩沉积mid-channel bar deposit天然堤沉积natural levee deposit决口扇沉积crevasse-splay deposit废弃河道沉积abandoned channel deposit牛轭湖沉积oxbow lake deposit河漫滩沉积(又称洪泛平原沉积)flood-plain deposit侧向加积lateral accretion垂向加积vertical accretion湖泊相lacustrine facies盐湖相salt-lake facies冰川相glacial facies沙漠相desert facies风成沉积eolian deposit海相marine facies深海相abyssal facies半深海相bathyal facies浅海相neritic facies浅海陆架相neritic shelf facies滨海相littoral facies陆相nonmarine facies,continental facies海岸沙丘coastal dune内陆沙丘interior dune沙漠沙丘desert dune正常浪基面(又称正常浪底)normal wave base风暴浪基面(又称风暴浪底)storm wave base过渡相transition facies三角洲相delta facies扇三角洲相fan-delta facies三角洲平原delta plain,deltaic plain三角洲前缘delta front,deltaic front前三角洲prodelta建设性三角洲constructive delta破坏性三角洲destructive delta河口沙坝river mouth bar远沙坝distal bar指状沙坝finger bar三角洲前缘席状砂delta front sheet sand 分流间湾沉积interdistributary bay deposit 河口湾沉积estuary deposit 澙湖相(又称泻湖相)lagoon facies蒸发岩相evaporite facies潮滩(又称潮坪)tidal flat潮汐通道tidal channel潮汐三角洲todal delta潮上带supratidal zone潮间带intertidal zone潮下带subtidal zone塞卜哈环境Sabkha enviroment浅滩(又称沙洲)shoal海滩beach湖滩beach岸堤bank障壁岛barrier island浊流turbidity current浊积岩turbidite浊积岩相turbidite facies湖底扇sublacustrine fan海底扇submarine fan鲍马序列Bouma sequence碳酸盐台地carbonate platform局限海restricted sea广海(又称开阔海)open sea陆表海epicontinental sea,epeiric sea陆缘海pericontinental sea边缘海margin sea盆地相basin facies深海平原abyssal plain广海陆架相open sea shelf facies台地前缘斜坡相platform foreslope facies 生物丘相biohermal facies生物礁相organic reef facies台地边缘浅滩相shoal facies of platform margin。
沉积相及划分
相类型亚相微相岩性组合测井曲线、地震相冲积扇旱扇、湿扇扇根块状混杂砾岩～叠瓦状砾岩电位、GR呈箱状、钟状扇中砂岩～含砾砂岩扇缘砂岩、含砾砂岩，粉砂岩、泥岩，煤电位、GR在箱状、钟状背景河流相曲流河河床亚相河床滞留砾石为主，砂、粉砂“泥包砂”正韵律，地震属性显示曲流河边滩砂岩（低成熟），正韵律堤岸亚相天然堤细砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩决口扇细砂岩、粉砂岩河漫亚相（泛滥盆地）河漫滩粉砂岩、粘土河漫湖泊粘土为主，粉砂河漫沼泽粘土、泥炭牛轭湖辫状河河床滞留砂砾岩“砂包泥”正韵律，泛滥平原不发育心滩、河道砂岩泛滥平原粉砂岩、泥岩互层湖泊相断陷型、坳陷型、前陆型湖成三角洲滨湖砾、砂、泥、泥炭电位、GR齿状浅湖粘土、粉砂电位、GR平直半深湖粘土（富有机质）深湖泥岩、页岩、泥灰岩、油页岩湖湾泥页岩、粉砂质泥页岩，夹薄层云岩电位、GR平直少量齿三角洲相河控（辫状河）三角洲三角洲平原分支（辫状）砂岩退积型三角洲为正韵律，电位、GR呈钟状；进积型三角洲为反韵律，电位、GR呈漏斗、反钟形，地震相为叠瓦状前积构造陆上天然堤细、粉砂岩，泥岩决口扇细、粉砂岩沼泽粘土、泥炭、褐煤夹粉砂淡水湖泊暗色有机粘土夹砂岩透镜体三角洲前缘水下分支河道砂、粉砂水下天然堤极细粒砂和粉砂支流间湾粘土，含少量粉砂、细砂分支河口砂坝分选好的细砂、粉砂远砂坝粉砂，少量粘土、细砂前缘席状砂分选好的细砂、粉砂（仅见于退积型三角洲）前三角洲暗色粘土、粉砂质粘土电位、GR平直扇三角洲（分旱扇、湿扇，属灾变性沉积）扇三角洲平原泥石流厚层～块状砾岩，砾石磨园低、分选差、基质高60%电位、GR韵律与上同，地震相杂乱河道充填砾岩、含砾砂岩、粗砂岩，成熟度低，正韵律漫滩薄层状泥质砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩扇三角洲前缘碎屑流类似泥石流，由分选差的砾石、不等粒砂、泥岩组成水下分流河道含砾中、粗粒砂岩支流间湾灰色细砂、粉砂夹灰绿泥岩河口砂坝分选好的细砂～中砂远砂坝灰色、深灰色粉砂岩及泥质粉砂岩前扇三角洲灰绿色、灰黑色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、钙质页岩、油页岩电位、GR平直。
(整理)汉英沉积学常用词汇
附录汉英沉积学常用词汇（按汉语拼音顺序）A岸礁coastal (shore) reef凹岸outer bank凹陷depression／sag拗拉谷/ 裂陷槽aulacogenB白垩chalk白云母muscovite白云石dolomite白云岩dolostone/ dolomitite/ dolomite白云岩化作用dolomitization斑点构造mottled structure斑礁patch reef斑脱岩bentonite搬运作用transportation板状交错层理tabular cross bedding半深海hemipelagic半深海相bathyal facies包卷层理convolute lamination堡礁(障壁礁) barrier reef抱球虫软泥globigerina ooze鲍马序列Bouma sequence暴露构造exposed structure被动大陆边缘passive continental margin边滩(点沙坝) point bar辫状河河道braided channel辫状河流braided river(stream）辫状河三角洲braid delta标志层key bed标准偏差standard deviation表面结构surface texture表皮鲕superficial oolith表生成岩作用epidiagenesis表生作用epigenesis滨海相littoral facies滨面shoreface滨外offshore滨线shoreline冰雹痕(雹痕)hailstone imprint/hail print冰川glacier冰川相glacial facies冰海沉积物glacier-marine sediment冰海环境glaciomarine environment冰湖moraine lake/ice lake冰碛（沉积）物till冰碛相moraine facies冰碛岩tillite冰水沉积outwash波长wave length波峰wave crest波高wave height波谷wave hollow波痕ripple/ripple mark波痕对称指数ripple symmetrical index(RSI) 波痕指数ripple index(RI)波状层理wave bedding／wavy bedding剥离线理parting lineation不等粒inequigranular不对称波痕asymmetrical ripple不对称浪成波痕asymmetrical wave ripple 不整合unconformityC残积相eluvial facies槽痕flute槽模flute casts槽状交错层理trough cross bedding侧向沉积作用lateral sedimentation测井沉积学well-logging sedimentology测井相electrofacies层bed层理构造bedding structures层流laminar flow层面构造bedding plane structures层系(单层)bed/set层系组(层组)bedset /coset/ formset层序地层学sequence stratigraphy长石feldspar长石砂屑岩arkosic arenite长石砂岩arkose／feldspar sandstone长石杂砂岩feldspathic greywacke长石质岩屑砂岩feldspathic litharenite潮道tidal channel潮间带intertidal zone潮控三角洲tidal-dominate delta潮坪tidal flat潮坪相tidal flat facies潮上带supratidal zone潮上带supratidal zone/epilittoral zone潮汐层理tidal bedding潮汐三角洲tidal delta潮下带subtidal zone沉积地质学sedimentary geology沉积动力学sedimentary dynamics沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation 沉积构造sedimentary structure沉积后作用postdeposition沉积环境sedimentary environment沉积模式sedimentary model沉积盆地sedimentary basin沉积体系sedimentary system沉积体系域sedimentary system tract沉积物sediment沉积物重力流sediment gravity flow沉积相sedimentary facies沉积旋回sedimentary cycle沉积学sedimentology沉积岩sedimentary rocks沉积岩石学sedimentary petrology沉积作用sedimentation/deposition成分成熟度compositional maturity成岩作用diagenesis赤铁矿hematite冲积平原alluvial plain冲积扇alluvial fan冲积相alluvial facies冲裂(急浪冲刷)avulsion冲流swash冲刷充填构造scour and fill structure冲刷痕scour mark冲刷回流带zone of swash and backwash 冲洗交错层理swash cross bedding冲溢(越)扇washover fan储层reservoir床沙bed床沙形体bed form床沙载荷bed load垂向加积作用vertical accretion戳痕prod mark次级水道secondary channel次生沉积构造secondary sedimentary structure 次生加大(增生)overgrowth次生孔隙secondary porosity粗砾cobbleD大潮spring tide大陆边缘continental margin大陆环境continental environment大陆架(棚) continental shelf大陆裂谷continental rift大陆隆continental rise大陆斜坡(陆坡)continental slope大型交错层理large sale cross bedding大洋盆地ocean basin单层bed单成分砾岩oligomictic conglomerate弹跳痕bounce mark淡水湖泊fresh-water lake岛(弧)—海(沟) 体系arc-trench system岛弧island arc等深积岩contourite等深流contour current低流态lower regime低镁方解石low-magnesian calcite低密度浊流low-density turbidity低弯度河道low-sinuosity channel低位体系域low-stand systems tract堤岸bank堤礁bank reef底负载河道bed load channel底痕sole mark底积层bottomset底流bottom current底面构造sole structure底模sole cast底栖生物benthos地层strata地质记录geological record递变(粒序)层理graded bedding典型浊积岩classic turbidite点礁patch reef点沙坝(边滩) point bar电测井electric log叠层石stromatolite叠层石构造stromatolitic structure叠瓦状构造imbricated structure叠瓦状排列imbricate arrangement叠锥构造cone-in-cone structure碟状构造dish structure顶积层topsets定向（指向）构造direction structure/ oriented structure 豆粒pisolite对称波痕symmetrical ripple多向水流polymodal current对称浪成波痕(对称波浪波痕)symmetrical wave rippleE大潮spri鲕粒ooliteF反向粒序（递变）层理reverse graded bedding泛滥盆地flood basin泛滥平原flood plain方解石calcite非补偿(饥饿) 沉积starved deposition非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid分流河道distributary channel分流河口沙坝distributary-mouth bar分流间湾interdistributary分选系数sorting coefficient分选作用sorting粉砂silt粉砂岩siltite，siltstone风暴沉积storm deposit (tempestite)风暴大潮storm surge风暴岩tempestite风成eolian风成波痕wind ripple(aeolian ripple)风成交错层理wind dune cross bedding风成沙丘wind dune(aeolian dune)风成岩eolianite风化作用weathering风生海流wind-drift current风蚀deflation峰度kurtosis缝合线stylolites弗劳德数Froude's Number浮游生物plankton俯冲带subducted zone腐泥sapropel负载(负荷)构造load structure负载囊load pocket复成分砾岩polymictic conglomerate复合层理composite bedding复理石flyschG改造波痕modified ripple钙结层caliche钙质结核calcareous nodules干酪根kerogen干裂(泥裂)mud cracks干涉波痕interfering ripple干盐湖playa高潮线high-tide line高岭石kaolinite高流态upper regime高密度流high-density current高弯度河道high-sinuosity channel高位体系域high-stand systems tract工具痕tool mark沟槽充填交错层理channel-fill cross bedding 沟模groove casts孤立波痕isolated ripple孤立台地isolated platform古地理图paleogeographic map古地理学paleogeography古海洋学paleo-oceanography古流向标志paleocurrent indicator古流向分析paleocurrent analysis古气候paleoclimate古气候学paleoclimatology古生态学paleoecology古生物学paleontology古水流paleocurrent古土壤paleosols骨(格)架岩framestone固着底栖生物sessile benthos光合作用photosynthesis广盐度生物euryhaline organism硅化作用silicification硅土／二氧化硅silica硅藻diatom硅质结核siliceous nodule硅质软泥siliceous ooze硅质碎屑siliciclastic硅质岩siliceous rock过渡环境transitional environmentH海(湖) 泛面flooding surface海(湖) 滩beach海岸coast海岸带coastal zone海岸环境coastal environment海岸平原coastal plain海岸沙丘coastal dune海岸线coast-line海底扇submarine fan海底峡谷submarine canyon海沟trench海进(侵) 体系域transgressive systems tract 海浪seawave海绿石glauconite海平面sea level海平面变化sea-level changes海平面升降eustasy海侵marine(sea) transgression海侵层序transgressive sequence海滩beach／sea bank／marine beach海滩脊ridge of a beach海退marine(sea) regression海相marine facies海相三角洲marine delta海洋ocean海洋环境marine environment海洋学oceanography旱谷arroyo／wadi河床(道) channel／stream channel河床river bed／stream bed河床滞留沉积channel-log deposit／channel floor lag 河道充填沉积channel-fill deposit河谷river valley河控三角洲fluvial-dominated delta河口湾channel-mouth bar/ distributary mouth bar河口湾estuary河口湾相estuarine facies河流river ／stream河流沉积fluvial deposit河流相fluvial facies河漫overbank河漫滩alluvial flat／concave flood plain褐铁矿limonite黑色页岩black shale河漫沼泽backsawmp核形石oncolite黑云母biotite洪积相pluvial facies洪水flood后滨backshore后成(生) 作用katagenesis／anadiage-nesis后生结核catagenetic nodule弧背盆地retro arc basin弧后盆地back arc basin弧间盆地interarc basin弧内盆地intra-arc basin弧前盆地forearc basin湖泊lake湖泊环境lacustrine environment湖泊三角洲lake delta湖泊相lacustrine facies湖面波动seiche湖沼学limnology滑(动) 痕slide mark滑塌构造slump structure滑塌岩slumps化学搬运chemical transport化学沉积chemical deposit化学成因构造chemical structure化学风化chemical weathering缓坡台地ramp platform黄铁矿pyrite黄土loess灰泥(泥晶，微晶) micrite灰泥岩mudstone灰质白云岩calcareous dolostone回流backflow／backwash汇聚型板块边界convergent plate boundary 混杂沉积岩diamicton混杂堆积物melange混载河流mixed-load channel活动大陆边缘active continental margin火山弹bomb火山灰ash火山灰流ash flow火山角砾岩volcanic breccia火山碎屑岩pyroclastic (volcanoclastic) rock 火焰状构造flame structureJ机械搬运mechanical transportation机械沉积mechanical deposition机械风化mechanical weathering鸡笼状构造chicken wire structure吉尔伯特型三角洲Gilbert-type delta急流rapid flow集合粒aggregate集块岩agglomerate季候泥oarve季节河seasonal river加积accretion／aggradation假结核pseudonodule假晶crystal pseudomoph假亮晶pseudospar尖峰度的jeptokurtic剪切shearing简单层理simple bedding建设性三角洲constructive delta交错层理cross bedding／cross stratifica-tion 交错微层构造crossed-lamellar structure交错纹层cross lamina胶结物cement胶结作用cementation胶磷矿collophane胶体溶液colloid solution礁reef礁核reef core礁后back reef礁麓堆积reef talus礁前相forereef facies礁后相backreef facies礁前reef front礁相reef facies礁翼reef flank角度不整合angular unconformity角砾岩breccias结核concretion/ nodule结晶构造crystallization structure结晶碳酸盐岩crystalline carbonate rock介壳滩shelly bank界面bounding surfaces近(临) 滨nearshore近岸流near shore current近滨带nearshore进(前)积作用progradation进潮口tidal inlet进食构造feeding structures晶面crystal face晶体crystal晶体印痕crystal imprint净砂岩arenite静态模式static model居住构造dwelling structure局限台地restricted platform巨砾boulder决口扇flood-plain splay (crevasse／crevasse splay)均匀层理(块状层理)homogeneous bedding (massive bedding) 均匀悬浮uniform suspensionK开阔海open sea开阔台地open platform颗粒grain／particle颗粒流grain flow颗粒岩grainstone颗粒支撑的particle-supported／grain supported颗粒质泥岩wackstone可容空间accommodation space克拉通craton克拉通盆地craton basin孔隙(度) pore／porosity块状层理massive bedding块体流mass flow块状砂岩massive sandstoneL浪成波痕wave ripple／wave-generated ripple浪成交错层理wave cross bedding浪成沙纹层理wave-ripple bedding浪基面(波基面) wave base浪控三角洲wave-controlled delta／wave-dominated delta 雷诺数Reynold's Number离岸(裂) 流rip current砾gravel砾漠reg砾屑灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite砾岩conglomerate粒度grain size粒度参数grain size parameter粒度概率图grain-size probability plot粒度中值mean diameter of grain (Md)粒间孔隙度intergranular porosity粒屑灰岩／颗粒灰岩grainstone粒序(递变)层理graded bedding链形波痕catenary ripple亮晶spar亮晶方解石sparry calcite亮晶灰岩sparite裂隙(缝) fracture流痕rill impression (mark)流体化作用fiuidization裂陷槽/拗拉谷aulacogen临滨shoreface磷灰岩phosphorite磷酸盐岩phosphate rock菱铁矿side rite菱形波痕rhomboid ripple流动构造current structure流动体制／流态flow regimes流痕(槽痕、冲流痕) flute mark硫酸盐sulphate漏斗形funnel shape陆表海epeiric sea／epicontinental sea陆架边缘体系域shelf margin systems tract 陆间裂谷intercontinental rift陆隆(陆基／陆麓) continental rise陆棚continental shelf陆棚相shelf facies陆相continental facies／terrestrial facies 陆缘海marginal sea陆源沉积物terrigenous sediment陆源碎屑岩terrigenous clastic rocks绿泥石chlorite卵石质砂岩pebbly sandstone水流波痕current rippleM 脉状层理flaser bedding漫流sheet flow漫滩沉积overbank deposit煤coal煤化作用coalification锰质结核manganese nodule锰质岩manganese rock米兰科维奇韵律Milankovitch rhythms觅食迹browsing trace密度底流density underflow密度流density current磨拉石molasse磨圆度（圆度）roundness母岩source rock／parent rock母岩区provenance／source areaN 内陆盆地inland basin内陆棚inner shelf内碎屑intraclast内源沉积interbasinal deposit能量带energy belt泥mud泥板岩argillite泥火山mud volcano ／mud cone泥晶micrite泥晶套micrite envelope泥粒灰岩(泥质颗粒岩) packstone泥裂mud crack泥流mud flow泥炭沼泽peat moor/ peat swamp泥石流debris flow泥石流沉积debris flow deposit泥岩mud stone泥页岩argillutite泥质岩mudrock泥质支撑的mud supported逆行沙波（丘）regressive sand wave／antidune逆行沙丘交错层理antidune cross bedding年代地层单位chronostratigraphic unit鸟眼构造birdeye structure／birds-eyes structure鸟足状三角洲bird-foot delta凝灰岩tuff凝聚颗粒aggregate grains凝块灰岩thrombolite牛顿流体Newtonian fluid牛轭湖oxbow lakeP爬迹crawling trace (tail)爬升波痕层理(攀升波痕层理)climb ripple (cross) lamination／climbing ripple bedding爬行crawling拍岸浪surf泡沫痕bubble impression／foam impression喷出构造ejected structure盆地basin盆内岩石intrabasinal rock盆外岩石extrabasinal rock片流sheetwash／sheet flow偏度skewness(SK)漂砾erratic平顶波痕flat topped ripple mark平均海平面mean sea level(MSL)平底(平坦床沙) plane bed (flat bed)平均粒径mean grain size(MZ)平均值mean平行层理parallel bedding平直河／直形河straight channel坡积带deluvial zone坡积相deluvial facies破坏性三角洲destructive delta破浪breaker破浪带breaker zone葡萄石grapestones葡萄状构造cluster structure蹼状构造spreitenQ气候带climate belts气泡沙构造bubble sand structure迁移型爬升波痕层理climb ripple lamination in-drift 牵引(作用) traction牵引流tractive current前滨foreshore前积层foresets前陆盆地foreland basin前三角洲prodelta潜穴burrow浅海沉积neriticdeposit (shallow marine deposit)浅海陆棚neritic shelf浅海区neritic province浅海相neritic facies ／shallow marine facies浅湖区shallow lake area浅滩shoal丘状交错层理hmmnocky cross bedding球度sphericity球粒pellet球枕状构造ball and pillow structure球状粒peloid曲颈截直neck cutoff曲流meander曲流河(蛇曲河)meandering river曲流河(蛇曲河)沉积meandering river deposit渠模gutter cast全球性海平面变化eustatic change of sea level缺氧事件anoxic event群体（复体）生物colony／organismsR扰动层理disturbed bedding扰动构造disturbed structure溶解载荷solutional load软泥ooze弱光带disphotic zoneS 萨勃哈／盐沼sabkha三角洲delta三角洲平原delta plain三角洲前缘delta front三角洲相delta facies沙坝bar沙波sand wave沙火山sand volcano沙火山sand volcano沙流sand flow沙漠desert沙漠相desert facies沙丘sand dune／dune沙体sand body沙纹ripples沙嘴spit砂sand砂流sand flow砂屑detritus砂屑灰岩calcarenite砂岩sandstone砂岩岩床sand sill砂岩岩墙(砂岩岩脉)sand dike砂枕构造pillow structure筛积sieve deposition山麓冲积平原bajada珊瑚coral扇砾岩fan glomerate扇三角洲fan delta舌形波痕lingoid ripple深海abyss／pelagic／deep sea深海（深湖）abyss深海沉积abyssal deposit／deep-sea deposit 深海平原abyssal plain／deep-sea plain深海软泥abyssal ooze／deep-sea ooze深海扇abyssal fan ／deep-sea fan深海相abyssal facies ／deep-sea facies深湖区deep lake area深湖相deep lake facies深水bathymetric深水盆地bathymetric basin渗透率permeability生长构造growth structure生物层biostrome生物成因构造organic structure生物带biozone生物地层学biostratigraphy生物灰岩biolithite生物礁organic reef／reef生物颗粒bioclast生物亮晶灰岩biosparite生物泥晶灰岩biomicrite生物丘organic mound／bioherm生物扰动构造bioturbulation structure生物扰动作用bioturbation生物碎屑bioclastic生物相biofacies生物遗迹organic fieroglyph／biological trail 生物遗迹化石trace fossil石膏gypsum石化作用lithification石灰岩limestone石漠hamada石盐halite石英quartz石英净砂岩quartz arenite石英砂岩quartz sandstone／silicarenita石英杂砂岩quartzwacke始成岩作用eodiagenesis示底构造geopetal structure收缩裂隙shrikage crack刷模brush casts双脊波痕double-crested ripple双向交错层理bimodal cross bedding双向水流bimodal current水道channel水流current／aqueous flow水流波痕current ripple水流波痕层理current-ripple bedding水流痕current mark水流上涌upwelling水流线理current lineation水平层理(水平纹层、水平纹理)horizontal lamination／horizontal bedding 水体分层stratification of the water column水下泥石流subaqueous debis flow碎屑颗粒detrital particle燧石flint／chert燧石结核chert nodule ／flint noduleT他生沉积物allochthonous sediments他形晶anhedral crystal塌积角砾岩collapse breccia台地platform滩bank滩脊beach ridge碳酸盐carbonate碳酸盐潮坪carbonate tidal flat碳酸盐台地carbonate platform碳酸盐岩carbonate rock／carbonatite碳酸盐岩补偿深度carbonate compensation depth (CCD)碳酸盐岩隆(建隆)carbonate buildup逃逸构造escape structure体系域systems tract天然堤natural levee／levee填集作用packing跳模bounce casts跳跃作用saltation铁岩ironstone铁质结核iron nodule铁质岩ferruginous rock停息迹resting trace同沉积滑塌构造syndepositional slump structure同生白云岩syngenetic dolostone同生结核syngenetic nodule同生作用syngenesis同相位爬升波痕层理climb-ripple lamination in-phase透光带photic zone透镜状层理lenticular bedding湍(紊) 流turbulent flow团块lumps退（落）潮流ebb current退覆层序offiap sequenceW洼状交错层理swaley cross bedding瓦尔特相律Walther's Law外陆棚outer shelf外扇outer fan ／distal fan外生沉积物exogentic sediments晚成岩作用telodiagenesis网状(交织) 河流anastomosing river／anastomosed stream／anastomosed river 微亮晶microspar温跃层thermoclime纹层(细层)laminae／lamination纹层状的laminated纹理lamination纹泥（季节泥）varve紊流turbulent文石(霰石)aragonite无光带aphotic zone无粘结性颗粒cohesionless particle物理风化physical weathering物源分析provenace analysis物源区provenanceX席状沙sheet sand细砾granule细流痕rill mark澙湖lagoon咸化澙湖salified lagoon咸水湖salt water lake相（沉积相）facies相变facies variation／facies change相标志facies mark相带facies belt相对海平面relative sea-level相模式facies model相区facies province相序(列)facies sequence (succession)相组合facies association镶边台地rimmed platform向上变粗coarsening-upward向上变细finning-upward削顶波痕(平顶波痕)capped-off (truncated) ripple向上变浅shoaling-upward／shallowing upward向上变深deepening-upward小潮neap tide小间断diastem小型交错层理small-scale cross bedding小型流水波痕small current ripple楔状交错层理wedge cross bedding斜坡地形clinoform泄水构造water escape structure心滩channel bar新月形波痕lunate ripple新月形沙丘crescent dune／barchan dune信风trade winds休息迹resting traces悬浮(移)负载suspended load选择性交代作用selective replacement雪花构造snowflower structureY压扁层理flaser bedding压刻痕(工具痕)tool mark压溶构造pressure-solution structure／pressure solution 压实作用compaction亚相subfacies岩石地层学lithostratigraphy岩石学petrology岩相lithofacies岩相古地理lithofacies paleogeography岩相古地理图lithofacies paleogeographic map岩相图lithofacies map岩屑rockfragment，lithic岩屑净砂岩litharenite岩屑砂岩lithic sandstone／rock fragment sandstone岩屑杂砂岩lithic greywacke岩屑质长石净砂岩lithic arkose岩性lithology岩性图lithological map沿岸流longshore current沿岸沙坝longshore bar盐度salinity盐湖brine lake／salt lake盐碱滩salina盐水楔saltwater wedge液化沉积物流fluidized (liquefied) sediment flow 伊利石illite氧化作用oxidation页岩shale液化（作用）liquefaction遗迹化石trace fossil／ichnofossil／tracefossil遗迹相ichnofacies异化颗粒allochem硬底构造hardground structure硬砂岩greywacke硬石膏anhydrite涌浪swells尤尔斯特隆图解Hiulstromdiagram油页岩oil shale游泳生物nekton organisms有效孔隙度effective porosity羽状(鱼骨状)交错层理herringbone cross bedding 雨痕raindrop imprint／rain impression原生沉积构造primary sedimentary structure原生孔隙primary porosity圆度（磨圆度）roundness远滨offshore远沙坝distal bar远洋环境pelagic environment越岸沉积overbank deposit运动迹moving traces韵律层理rhythmic bedding韵律沉积rhythmic (cyclothemic) sedimentationZ杂基matrix杂基支撑matrix supported杂砂岩graywacke／wacke载荷load再作用面(复活面)构造reactivation surface structure／reactivation surface 藻类algae藻丘algae mound藻团块algaelumps藻团粒algal poliods藻席algal mats造礁珊瑚hermatypic coral粘度viscosity粘结灰岩bindstones粘结岩boundstone粘土级clay size粘土矿物clay mineral粘土岩claystone涨潮流flood current帐篷构造teepee structure障壁（岛）barrier island／barrier障壁礁barrier reef障壁沙坝barrier bar障壁沙嘴barrier spit障积岩buffer stone／bafflestone沼泽marsh沼泽相swamp蒸发岩evaporites正态分布normal distribution正向粒序（递变）层理normal graded bedding直线形波痕straight-crested ripple直形河straight river植物根痕root and rootlet trace指状沙坝bar-finger sand中砾pebble中值median钟形bell shape众数mode重荷模load cast重晶石barite重力流graviyy current/ gravity flow皱痕wrinkle mark铸模mold铸模孔隙moldic porosity铸型cast锥模prod casts准层序parasequence准层序组parasequence set准同生变形构造penecontemporaneous deformation structure 浊积扇turbidite fan浊积石灰岩allodapic limestone浊积岩turbidite浊流turbidity current浊流沉积turbidite deposit浊流相turbidite facies自生沉积物autochthonous sediments自生的authigenic自形晶euhedral自悬浮auto-suspension足迹track组构fabric钻孔boring。
沉积相知识点复习 (4)
一、名词解释沉积相（或相）：沉积环境及在沉积环境中形成的沉积物（岩）的综合。
相标志：沉积岩所具有的那些能反映其沉积环境的环境参数以及沉积过程的各种特征。
岩相：是一定沉积环境中形成的岩石或岩石组合。
沃尔索相律（或相序递变规律/相律）：只有在横向上成因相近并且紧密相临而发育着的相，才能在垂向上依次出现而没有间断。
相序：在一个连续地层剖面中出现的沉积相的排列。
相模式：带有普遍意义的沉积相的空间组合形式。
或：沉积模式，以图解、文字或数学等方法来表现的理想化的和概括性的沉积相。
洪积扇（冲积扇）：在气候干热、地壳升降运动较强烈的地区，风化、剥蚀作用剧烈，其形成的产物被山区的暂时性水流（雨水或洪水）或山区河流带走。
当水流流出山口，地形坡度急剧变缓，水流向四方散开，流速骤减，碎屑物质大量沉积，形成锥状或扇状堆积体，称为洪积锥或洪积扇。
它具有山区河流冲积成因的特点，故又称为冲积扇。
或：在干旱半干旱地区出现季节性暴雨时，山区河流携带大量碎屑物质进入平原，在出口处，由于坡度突然变缓，流速骤减，水流分散，搬运能力减弱，而使碎屑物质快速堆积下来，形成一种扇形沉积体，称为冲积扇。
河流的“二元结构”：河流沉积的下段是由河床亚相的滞留沉积和边滩沉积组成，是由于河道迁移而引起的沉积物侧向加积的结果，构成了河流沉积的底层沉积。
上段由堤岸亚相和河漫亚相组成，属泛滥平原沉积，主要是大量细粒悬浮物质在洪泛期垂向加积的结果，构成了河流沉积剖面的顶层沉积，底层沉积和顶层沉积的垂向叠置，构成了河流沉积的“二元结构”。
沉积体系：同一物源、同一水动力系统控制，成因上有联系，沉积体或沉积相在空间上有规律的组合。
边滩：又称“点砂坝”，是曲流河中主要的沉积单元，是河床侧向迁移和沉积物侧向加积的结果。
边滩沉积构成：上部由河漫滩沉积构成，两者的厚度比接近1：1，层序具典型的向上变细、变薄的特点。
天然堤：洪水期河水溢出河床，粉砂、泥沿河床两岸迅速堆积所形成平行于河床的砂堤。
沉积学词汇
Comprehensive terms外力地质作用：exogenic process沉积作用：sedimentation沉积岩：sedimentary rock水成岩：neptunic rock沉积岩石学：sedimentary petrology沉积学：sedimentology水成论：neptunianism均变论：uniformitarianism将故论今：present is the key to past灾变论：catastrophism洪积论：diluvianism火成论：plutonism现实论：actualism岩相相关律：law of correlation of facies横截关系律：law of crosscutting relationships 原始连续律：law of original continuity原始水平律：law of original horizontality叠覆律：law of superposition生物群层序律：law of faunal succession生物群组合律：law of faunal assemblages地球四面体：Earth tetrahedron地幔中间层：mesosphere软流圈：asthenosphere岩石圈：lithosphere大洋型地壳：oceanic crust大陆型地壳：continental crust硅镁层：sima硅铝层：sial花岗岩质层：granitic layer水圈：hydrosphere生物圈：biosphere生态圈：ecosphere大气圈：atmosphere对流层：troposphere平流层：stratosphere臭氧层：ozone layer电离层：ionosphere中间层：mesosphere热层：thermosphere极光：aurora气辉：airglow外层大气：outer atmosphere磁层：magnetosphere 地质作用地质作用：geologic process内营力：endogenic force内动力地质作用：endogenic process内生地质作用：endogenic geologic process 外营力：exogenic force外动力地质作用：exogenic process表生地质作用：exogenic geologic process地外营力：extraterrestrial process风化作用：weathering物理风化：physical weathering热力风化：thermal weathering冻融风化：freeze-thaw weathering寒冻风化：frost weathering寒冻作用：frost action化学风化：chemical weathering生物风化：biological weathering球状风化：spheroidal weathering差异风化：differential weathering风化作用阶段：weathering stage元素迁移系列：sequence of migration of elements风化壳：weathering crust古风化壳：paleocrust of weathering风化壳类型：types of crust of weathering机械风化壳：mechanical residuum碳酸盐风化壳：residuum of carbonate type 高岭土型风化壳：residuum of kaolin type砖红土型风化壳：residuum of laterite type 矿物稳定性：mineral stability剥蚀作用：denudation侵蚀作用：erosion陵夷作用：degradation加积作用：aggradation均夷作用：gradation夷平作用：planation常态侵蚀：normal erosion河流地质作用：fluvial process暂时性水流：temporary torrent片状侵蚀：sheet erosion线状侵蚀：linear erosion向(溯)源侵蚀：retrogressive erosion, headward erosion, headwater erosion下切侵蚀：downcutting侧蚀：lateral erosion地球自转偏向力：deflection force of Earth rotation科里奥利力：Coriolis’ forces搬运作用：transportation搬运介质：transportation medium推移：traction跃移：saltation悬移：suspension transport沉积作用：deposition海蚀作用：marine erosion重力地质作用：gravitational process快体运动：mass movement山崩：landslide塌岸：bank slump雪崩：snow avalanche土屑移动：soil creep崩塌作用：eboulement风蚀作用：wind abrasion吹蚀作用：deflation磨蚀作用：abrasion风积作用：wind deposition岩溶作用：karstification潜蚀作用：underground corrosion中和作用：neutralization脱水作用：dehydration溶解作用：dissolution沉淀作用：precipitation水化作用：hydration氧化作用：oxidation水解作用：hydrolysis还原作用：reduction吸附作用：absorption胶凝作用：flocculation胶结作用：cementation沉积分异作用：sedimentary differentiation 石化作用：lithification成岩作用：diagenesisGeneral terms主要矿物：essential mineral次要矿物：auxiliary mineral副矿物：accessory mineral 重矿物：heavy mineral碎屑矿物：clastic mineral陆源矿物：terrestrial mineral自生矿物：authigenic mineral成岩矿物：diagenetic mineral后生矿物：catagenetic mineral表生矿物：hypergenic mineral原生矿物：primary mineral次生矿物：secondary mineral金属矿物：metallic mineral非金属矿物：nonmetallic mineral 指相矿物：facies mineralSilicate minerals橄榄石：olivine辉石：pyroxene角闪石：amphibole (hornblende) 长石：feldspar斜长石：plagioclase碱性长石：alkali-feldspar正长石：orthoclase (K-feldspar) 微斜长石：microcline云母：mica黑云母：biotite白云母：muscovite绿泥石：chlorite鲕绿泥石：chamosite粘土矿物：clay mineral高岭石：kaolinite艾洛石：halloysite蒙托石：montmorillonite贝得石：beidellite皂石：saponite伊利石：illite沸石：zeolite锆石：zircon石榴石：garnet十字石：staurolite蓝晶石：kyanite绿柱石：beryl电气石：tourmaline黄玉：topazCarbonate minerals文石：aragonite方解石：calcite高镁方解石：high-magnese calcite 白云石：dolomite铁白云石：ferrodolomite菱镁矿：magnesite菱锌矿：smithsonite菱锰矿：rhodochrositeSulphate minerals石膏：gypsum硬石膏：anhydrite重晶石：barite芒硝：mirabilite杂卤石：polyhalite泻利盐：epsomite水绿矾：melanterite胆矾：chalcanthite明矾石：aluniteOxysalt minearals硼砂：borax方硼石：boracite磷灰石：apatite氟磷灰石：fluroapatite独居石：monazite黑钨矿：wolframite钠硝石：soda-nitre钾硝石：potassium nitrateOxide and hydroxide刚玉：corundum赤铁矿：hematite钛铁矿：ilmenite磁铁矿：magnetite铬铁矿：chromite褐铁矿：limonite针铁矿：goethite金红石：rutile锡石：cassiterite软锰矿：pyrolusite晶质铀矿：uranite沥青铀矿：pitchblende石英：quartz 鳞石英：tridymite方石英：cristobalite玉髓：chalcedony蛋白石：opal尖晶石：spinel水锰矿：manganiteSulphides辉铜矿：chalcocite闪锌矿：sphalerite方铅矿：galena辰砂：cinnabar雄黄：realgar雌黄：orpiment辉锑矿：antimonite辉钼矿：molybdenite黄铁矿：pyrite黄铜矿：chalcopyrite毒砂：arsenopyriteHalides萤石：fluorite石盐：halite钾盐：sylvite光卤石：carnalliteSediment textures and structures 碎屑结构：clastic texture碎屑：clast矿物碎屑：mineral fragment 岩石碎屑：rock fragment粒度：grain size粒度等级：grade scale砾状结构：psephitic texture 砾：gravel角砾：angular gravel漂砾：boulder粗砾：cobble卵砾：pebble细砾：granule砂质砾：sandy gravel含砾砂：pebbled sand砂：sand极粗砂：very coarse sand粗砂：coarse sand中砂：medium sand细砂：fine sand极细砂：very find sand泥质砂：muddy sand泥质结构：pelitic texture砂质泥：sandy mud粉砂泥质结构：aleuropelitic texture粉砂：silt粗粉砂：coarse silt细粉砂：fine silt粘土：clay泥：mud粒度分析：grain size analysis正态分布：normal distribution对数正态分布：lognormal distribution单峰分布：unimodal distribution双峰分布：bimodal distribution多峰分布：multimodal distribution直方图：histogram频率曲线：frequency curve频率累积曲线：cumulative frequency curve 概率累积曲线：cumulative probability curve 粒度参数：grain size parameter平均粒度：mean grain size中值粒度：median grain size均值：mean标准差：standard deviation偏度：skewness尖度：kurtosis离散图：scatter plotCM图： CM plot碎屑形态：shape of clast圆度：roundness棱角状：angular次棱角状：sub-angular次圆状：sub-rounded圆状：rounded球度：sphericity形状：shapes扁球状：oblate等轴状：equant叶片状：bladed长椭球状：prolate 表面结构：surface textures磨光面：polish surface沙漠漆：desert varnish霜面：frosted surface微起伏：micro-relief擦痕：striation钉头擦痕：nailhead striation击痕：percussion scar新月形击痕：crescent-shaped crack凹坑：indentation麻面：pitted surface填隙物：interstitial materials胶结物：cement钙质胶结物：calcareous cement硅质胶结物：siliceous cement铁质胶结物：ferruginous cement泥质胶结物：mudeous cement胶状结构：amorphous texture隐晶结构：aphanitic显晶较高：phaneritic texture嵌晶结构：mosaic texture次生加大：secondary overgrowth texture 火山碎屑：pyroclast岩屑：rock fragment火山弹：volcanic bomb浮岩屑：pumice火山渣：scoria碳酸盐颗粒：carbonate grain内碎屑：intraclast砾屑结构：calciruditic texture砂屑结构：calcarenitic texture粉屑结构：calcisiltic texture泥屑结构：calcilutic texture生物碎屑：bioclast骨粒：framework grain团粒：pellet球粒：peloid团块：lump包粒：coated grain豆粒：pisoid鲕粒：ooid交代结构：replacement texture溶洞：solution cavity肾状结构：kidney-shaped texture棒状结构：rod-like texture纤维状结构：fibrous texture针状结构：acicular texture鳞片状结构：scaly texture变晶结构：crystalloblastic texture砾石组构：gravel fabric砂组构：sand fabric等向组构：isotropic fabric异向组构：anisotropic fabric冰碛组构：till fabric颗粒定向：grain orientation孔隙度：porosity渗透率：permeability水平层理：horizontal bedding互层层理：interlayered bedding平行层理：parallel bedding交错层理：cross bedding板状交错层理：tabular cross bedding楔状交错层理：wedge-shaped cross bedding 波状层理：wavy bedding透镜状层理：lenticular bedding叶状层理：lobate bedding波痕：ripple mark结核：concretion同生结核：contemporaneous concretion后生结核：catagenetic concretion表生结核：epigenetic concretion钙质结核：calcareous concretion钙结核：doll concretion鳞片构造：scaly structure毡状构造：felty structure格子状构造：lattice structure斑杂构造：mottled structure泉华构造：sinter structure斑点构造：spotted structure皱纹构造：wrinkle structure多孔构造：porous structure蜂窝构造：honey comb structure竹叶构造：edgewise structure叠瓦构造：imbricate structure砾岩：conglomerate粗碎屑岩：macroclastic rock卵石砾岩：pebble conglomerate漂砾砾岩：boulder conglomerate 卵石砾岩：pebble conglomerate粗砾岩：coarse conglomerate中粒砾岩：medium conglomerate细砾岩：fine conglomerate石英质砾岩：quartzitic conglomerate碎屑砾岩：clastic conglomerate残积角砾岩：eluvial breccia岩溶角砾岩：karst breccia构造角砾岩：tectonic breccia底砾岩：basal conglomerate层间砾岩：interformational conglomerate 同生砾岩：contemporaneous conglomerate 后生砾岩：catagenetic conglomerate成岩砾岩：diagenetic conglomerate粗粉砂岩：coarse siltstone细粉砂岩：fine siltstone泥质粉砂岩：muddy siltstone风成岩：aeolian rock细碎屑岩：microclastic rock泥岩：mudstone砂质泥岩：sandy mudstone粉砂质泥岩：silty mudstone粘土岩：claystone高岭石粘土岩：kaolinic claystone伊利石粘土岩：illitic claystone蒙脱石粘土岩：montmorillonitic claystone 钙质页岩：calcareous shale铁质页岩：ferruginous shale页岩：shale硅质页岩：siliceous shale炭质页岩：carbonaceous shale黑色页岩：black shale沥青页岩：naphtholith油页岩：oil shale砂页岩：sandshale泥板岩：argillite火山碎屑沿：pyroclastic rock熔结集块岩：welded agglomerate集块岩：agglomerate凝灰质巨砾岩：tuffaceous boulder火山角砾岩：volcanic breccia凝灰质砾岩：tuffaceous conglomerate凝灰质砂岩：tuffaceous sandstone凝灰质粉砂岩：tuffaceous siltstone玻屑凝灰岩：vitric tuff晶屑凝灰岩：crystal tuff岩屑凝灰岩：lithic tuff蚀变凝灰岩：altered tuff硅化凝灰岩：silicified tuff石灰岩：limestone云灰岩：dolomitic limestone泥灰岩：marl颗粒岩：grainstone重结晶岩：recrystalline limestone微晶灰岩：micritic limestone碎屑灰岩：calcirudite砂屑灰岩：calcarenite粉屑灰岩：calcisiltite泥屑灰岩：calcilutlite生物碎屑灰岩：bioclast limestone介壳灰岩：coquina鲕粒灰岩：oolitic limestone团粒灰岩：lump limestone球粒灰岩：pelletal limestone钙华：tufa钙结岩：calliche白云岩：dolomitite/dolostone灰云岩：lime dolostone泥云岩：muddy dolostone微晶白云岩：dolomicrite结晶白云岩：crystalline dolomite砾屑白云岩：dolorudite砂屑白云岩：dolarenite粉屑白云岩：dolarenite泥屑白云岩：dololutlite交代白云岩：replacement dolostone 硅藻土：diatomite燧石岩：chert硅土：siliceous earth硅质结核：siliceous concretion碳酸盐质硅华：silica carbonate sinter 蒸发岩：evaporite石膏岩：gypsolith硬石膏岩：anhydrock石盐岩：saline rock红土型铝土岩：lateritic bauxitic rock 鲕粒铝土岩：oolitic bauxitic rock磁铁岩：magnetitic rock 赤铁岩：hematitic rock硅铁岩：siliceous iron rock褐铁岩：limonite rock菱铁岩：sederitic rock硫铁岩：pyritic rock复理石：flych磨拉石：molasse混杂岩：melenge滑来石：olistholith红层：red bed风成岩：eolianite热泉胶结物：hydrothermally cemental rock 混杂沉积物：chaotic sediment混积岩：diamictite风化作用：热力风化：thermal weathering冻融风化：freeze-thaw weathering寒冻风化：frost weathering机械风化：mechanical weathering崩解作用：dessintegration重力地质作用：gravitational process红土化作用：laterization破碎阶段：broken stage饱和硅铝阶段：saturated sialic stage酸性硅铝阶段：acid sialic stage硅铁土阶段：allitized stage红土阶段：laterized stage氧化带：oxidative zone水解带：hydrolysis zone淋滤带：leaching zone水合带：hydrated zone碎屑物质：clast不溶残积物：nonsoluble residue溶解物质：dissolved material风化分异：weathering differentiation风化壳：weathering crust / residue差异风化：differential weathering球状风化：spheroidal weathering内源侵蚀：backward erosion边坡侵蚀：side-slope erosion侧向侵蚀：lateral erosion垂向侵蚀：vertical erosion下切侵蚀：dowcutting erosoion裁湾取直：cut-off掘蚀/刨蚀作用：pluck剥蚀作用：denudation冰蚀作用：glacial erosion风蚀作用：aeolian erosion海蚀作作用：marine abrasion陵夷作用：degradation夷平作用：planation面状侵蚀：sheet erosion风海流：wind current密度流：density flow紊流：turbulent flow/ tortous层流：laminar flow急流：torrential current搬运能力：transport capacity搬运方式：mode of transportation牵引载荷：traction load推移载荷：solid load溶解载荷：dissolved load沙床载荷：bed load悬浮载荷：suspended load沉积间断：hiatus卸载：unloading沉积速率：rate of deposition溶解度：solubility成岩作用方式压溶作用：pressure solution压实作用：compaction水化作用：hydration水解作用：hydrolysis方解石化作用：calcitization固结作用：consolidation硅化作用：silicification还原作用：reduction氧化作用：oxidation降解作用：degradation胶结作用：cementation交代作用：metasomatism/replacement 离子交换作用：ion exchange离子吸附作用：ion absorption淋滤作用：illuviation重结晶作用：recrystallization白云石化：dolomitization 构造稳定区：tectonic quiet region 构造活动带：tectonic mobile belt 陆源沉积物：terrestrial sediment 盐度：salinity盐度跃层：helocline化跃层：chemocline陆相：terrestrial facies海相：marine facies相变：facies change沉积相：sedimentary facies岩相：lithofacies相序列：facies sequence相组合：facies association相模式：facies model相区：facies province过渡相：transitional facies残积带：eluvial zone坡积带：deluvial zone残积相：eluvial facies坡积相：deluvial facies戈壁：gobi砾漠：serir石漠：stony desert沙漠：desert沙丘：dune新月型沙丘：barchan抛物线沙丘：parabolic dune固定沙丘：fixed dune半固定沙丘：semi-fixed dune移动沙丘：wandering fune沙漠湖泊：desert lake干盐湖：playa戈壁相：gobi facies沙漠相：desert facies风棱石：ventifact侧积相：side moraine facies中碛相：medial moraine facies底积相：bottom moraine facies终积相：end moraine facies前积相：front moraine facies河床：stream bed河道：stream channel边滩：point bar心滩：river island河漫滩：flood plain决口扇：crevasse splay河漫沼泽：backswamp洪积平原：flood plain废弃河道：abandoned channel牛轭湖：ox-bow lake冲积扇：alluvial fan冲积裙：alluvial apron冲积相：alluvial facies河道充填相：channel-fill facies堤岸相：levee facies河漫沼泽相：backswamp facies湖泊相：lacustrine facies浅湖相：shallow lake facies深湖相：deep lake facies盐湖相：playa facies滨湖相：coastal lake facies安山岩：andesite埃洛石：halloysite白云母：muscovite白云石：dolomite白云石化作用：dolomitization白云岩：dolostone,dolomitite白垩：chalk斑岩：porphyry斑杂构造：mottled structure搬运介质：medium of transportation搬运作用：transportation搬运能力：transportation capacity搬运营力：transport agent板块：plate板块边缘：plate margin板块俯冲：plate subduction板块构造理论：theory of plate tectonics板块碰撞：plate collision板块边界：plate boundary板岩：slate板状交错层理：tabular cross bedding, planar cross bedding半岛：peninsula半干旱气候：semi-arid climate半固定沙丘：semifixed dune, semi-mobile dune半深海沉积物：bathyal sediment包裹体：inclusion, enclosure包卷层理：convolute bedding包粒：coated grain剥蚀作用：denudation薄层：flag薄层砂岩：flagstone饱和带：saturated zone饱和面：saturated surface饱和硅铝阶段：saturated sialic stage鲍马层序：Bouma sequence爆发角砾岩：explosion breccia爆发岩筒：explosive pipe背斜：anticline被袭夺河：abstracted river, captured river 被子植物：angiosperm崩解作用：disintegration崩塌角砾岩：collapse breccia笔石类：graptolite边坡侵蚀：side-slope erosion边滩：point bar deposit边滩沉积：point bar deposit边滩相：point bar facies边缘盆地：marginal basin边缘台地：marginal platform扁豆状凝灰岩：lenticulite扁球状：oblate变晶结构：crystalloblastic texture变晶鲕：crysialized ooid变盐度环境：euryhaline environment变质程度：metamorphic grade变质带：metamorphic belt变质年龄：metamorphic age变质相：metamorphic facies变质岩：metamorphic rock变质作用：metamorphism标本：specimen标志层：indicator horizon, index bed标准化石：index fossil标准剖面：standard section表观年龄：apparent age表成沉积物：exogenetic sediments表面蒸发作用：surface evaporation表皮构造：epigenetic structure表生成岩环境：epidiagenetic environment 表生成岩作用：epidiagenesis表生结核：epigenetic concretion表生矿物：hypergene mineral表生作用：epigenesis表土：regolith表碛：superglacial moraine滨海：littoral area滨海带：littoral zone滨海相：littoral facies滨海盐沼：marine salina滨后沉积：backshore deposit滨后沼泽沉积：backswamp deposit滨湖区：coastal lake area滨湖相：coastal lake facies。
沉积相知识点复习
沉积相知识汇总1.朵状三角洲:是指三角洲前缘的指状砂体受到海水的冲刷、改造，再分配而形成席状砂层，使三角洲前缘变得较为圆滑而近似于半圆形的三角洲。
2.鸟嘴状三角洲;是指当海洋的波浪作用大于河流的作用时而形成的平面形态呈鸟嘴状的三角洲。
3.建设性三角洲;是指在以河流作用为主，泥砂在河口堆积的速度远大于波浪所能改造的速度的条件下形成的三角洲。
其特点是增长速度快，沉积厚、面积大，砂/泥比值低。
4.破坏性三角洲;是指在海洋作用增强而超过河流作用时，河口区形成的泥砂堆积被海洋水动力改造，破坏时形成的三角洲。
其特点是形成时间短，分布面积小。
5.港湾型三角洲;是指河流流入三角港或其他形状的港湾所堆积的泥砂被潮汐作用破坏和改造，外形受港湾控制的三角洲。
6.扇三角洲;是指从邻近高地直接推进到海、湖等稳定水体中的冲积扇。
7.深水三角洲;是指曲流河注入水体深度一百米左右的蓄水盆地所形成的三角洲沉积体。
8.浅水三角洲;是指曲流河注入水体，深度一般几米～几十米的蓄水盆地所形成的三角洲沉积体。
9.三角洲平原;是指从河流大量分叉位置至海平面以上的广大河口地区，是三角洲沉积的陆上部分。
10.三角洲前缘;是指位于三角洲平原向海方向一侧，处于海平面以下的河流与海水剧烈交锋的河口地区。
11.分流间湾;是指分流河道间相对低洼的与海（湖）相连的海湾地区。
12.远砂坝;是指位于河口坝前方较远部位，沉积物较河口坝细的主要为粉砂，并有少量粘土和细砂组成的沉积体。
13.三角洲复合体;由于河流与海洋作用的消长以及河口的往返迁移，三角洲的成长、废弃多次重复出现，形成多个单一的三角洲沉积体交错叠置，称为三角洲复合体。
14.辫状河三角洲;是指由冲积扇前的辫状河注入蓄水盆地所形成的沉积体。
15.曲流河三角洲;是指曲流河注入蓄水盆地形成的沉积体。
16.浅水湖泊三角洲;是指河流注入广阔的滨浅湖区形成的沉积体。
17.澙湖;是指滨浅海地带由于障壁地形的遮挡而形成的与广海呈隔绝或半隔绝的水域。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
沉积学sedimentology
沉积物sediment
沉积岩sedimentary rock
沉积作用sedimentation,deposition
沉积分异作用sedimentary differentiation
沉积旋回sedimentary cycle,depositional-cycle
同生作用syngenesis
成岩作用diagenesis
后生作用(又称晚期成岩作用)epigenesist,catagenesis 变生作用(曾用名深变作用)metagenesis
碎屑岩clastic rock,detrital rock
砂岩sandstone
粉砂岩siltstone
砾岩conglomerate
角砾岩breccia
火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock,volcanoclastic rock
碳酸盐岩carbonate rock
石灰岩limestone
白云岩dolomite,dolostone
泥灰岩marl
粘土岩claystone
泥质岩argillite
泥岩mudstone
页岩shale
蒸发岩evaporite
盐岩salt rock
可燃有机岩caustobiolith
沉积中心depocenter
沉降中心subsiding center
岩相古地理lithofacies palaeogeography
沉积环境sedimentary enviroment
沉积体系sedimentary system,depositional system
沉积相sedimentary facies
岩相lithofacies
生物相biofacies
地球化学相geochemical facies
相标志facies marker
相模式facies model
相分析facies analysis
山麓洪积相piedmont pluvial facies
碎屑流沉积debris flow deposit
泥石流沉积mud-debris flow deposit
冲积扇相alluvial fan facies
河流相fluvial facies
辩状河沉积braided stream deposit
曲流河沉积meandering stream deposit
网状河沉积anastomosed stream deposit
河床滞留沉积channel-lag deposit
凸岸坝沉积(又称“点砂坝沉积”、“边滩沉积”)poit bar deposit 心滩沉积mid-channel bar deposit
天然堤沉积natural levee deposit
决口扇沉积crevasse-splay deposit
废弃河道沉积abandoned channel deposit
牛轭湖沉积oxbow lake deposit
河漫滩沉积(又称洪泛平原沉积)flood-plain deposit
侧向加积lateral accretion
垂向加积vertical accretion
湖泊相lacustrine facies
盐湖相salt-lake facies
冰川相glacial facies
沙漠相desert facies
风成沉积eolian deposit
海相marine facies
深海相abyssal facies
半深海相bathyal facies
浅海相neritic facies
浅海陆架相neritic shelf facies
滨海相littoral facies
陆相nonmarine facies,continental facies
海岸沙丘coastal dune
内陆沙丘interior dune
沙漠沙丘desert dune
正常浪基面(又称正常浪底)normal wave base
风暴浪基面(又称风暴浪底)storm wave base
过渡相transition facies
三角洲相delta facies
扇三角洲相fan-delta facies
三角洲平原delta plain,deltaic plain
三角洲前缘delta front,deltaic front
前三角洲prodelta
建设性三角洲constructive delta
破坏性三角洲destructive delta
河口沙坝river mouth bar
远沙坝distal bar
指状沙坝finger bar
三角洲前缘席状砂delta front sheet sand 分流间湾沉积interdistributary bay deposit 河口湾沉积estuary deposit
澙湖相(又称泻湖相)lagoon facies
蒸发岩相evaporite facies
潮滩(又称潮坪)tidal flat
潮汐通道tidal channel
潮汐三角洲todal delta
潮上带supratidal zone
潮间带intertidal zone
潮下带subtidal zone
塞卜哈环境Sabkha enviroment
浅滩(又称沙洲)shoal
海滩beach
湖滩beach
岸堤bank
障壁岛barrier island
浊流turbidity current
浊积岩turbidite
浊积岩相turbidite facies
湖底扇sublacustrine fan
海底扇submarine fan
鲍马序列Bouma sequence
碳酸盐台地carbonate platform
局限海restricted sea
广海(又称开阔海)open sea
陆表海epicontinental sea,epeiric sea
陆缘海pericontinental sea
边缘海margin sea
盆地相basin facies
深海平原abyssal plain
广海陆架相open sea shelf facies
台地前缘斜坡相platform foreslope facies
生物丘相biohermal facies
生物礁相organic reef facies
台地边缘浅滩相shoal facies of platform margin。